<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001641172-25-005421.txt : 20250620
<SEC-HEADER>0001641172-25-005421.hdr.sgml : 20250620
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250418162651
<PRIVATE-TO-PUBLIC>
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001641172-25-005421
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	DRS
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		2
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250418
<PUBLIC-REL-DATE>20250620
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250418

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			SONIM TECHNOLOGIES INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001178697
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH APPARATUS [3661]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	04 Manufacturing
		EIN:				943336783
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		DRS
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	377-07919
		FILM NUMBER:		25850634

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		4445 EASTGATE MALL
		STREET 2:		SUITE 200
		CITY:			SAN DIEGO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92121
		BUSINESS PHONE:		650-378-8100

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		4445 EASTGATE MALL
		STREET 2:		SUITE 200
		CITY:			SAN DIEGO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92121
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>DRS
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>filename1.htm
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -20pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>CONFIDENTIAL
TREATMENT REQUESTED PURSUANT TO 17 C.F.R. &sect; 200.83</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>As
confidentially submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 18, 2025.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>This
draft registration statement has not been filed publicly with the Securities and Exchange Commission</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>and
all information herein remains strictly confidential.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Registration
No. 333-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>UNITED
STATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><B>Washington,
D.C. 20549</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>FORM
S-1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>REGISTRATION
STATEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>UNDER</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>Sonim
Technologies, Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 32%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Delaware</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 32%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>3661</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 32%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>85-1210472</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(State
                                            or other jurisdiction</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">of
    incorporation or organization)</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Primary
                                            Standard Industrial</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Classification
    Code Number)</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(I.R.S.
                                            Employer</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Identification
    Number)</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>4445
Eastgate Mall, Suite 200</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>San
Diego, CA 92121</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Telephone:
(650) 378-8100</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Address,
including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant&rsquo;s principal executive offices)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Peter
Liu</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
Executive Officer</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>4445
Eastgate Mall, Suite 200</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>San
Diego, CA 92121</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Telephone:
(650) 378-8100</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Name,
address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I></I></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I></I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Copies
to:</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>William
                                            N. Haddad, Esq.</B></FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Kirill
    Y. Nikonov, Esq.</B></FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Venable
    LLP</B></FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>151
    W. 42nd Street, 49th Floor</B></FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>New
    York, NY 10036</B></FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Telephone:
    (212) 307-5500</B></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>M.
    Ali <FONT STYLE="font-style: normal">Panjwani</FONT>, Esq.<BR>
    <FONT STYLE="font-style: normal">Pryor Cashman</FONT> LLP<BR>
    7 Times Square<BR>
    New York, New York 10036<BR>
    (212) 421-4100</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Approximate
date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the
Securities Act of 1933, please check the following box: &#9746; </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the
following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. &#9744;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the
Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the
Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting
company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &ldquo;large accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;accelerated filer,&rdquo;
&ldquo;smaller reporting company&rdquo; and &ldquo;emerging growth company&rdquo; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Large
    accelerated filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accelerated
    filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated
    filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller
    reporting company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging
    growth company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. &#9744;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>The
registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the
registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective
in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date
as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Red"><B>The
information contained in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. No securities may be sold until the registration
statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities,
and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities, in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Red"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Red"><B>Subject
to Completion. Dated April 18, 2025.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Red"><B>Preliminary
Prospectus</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><IMG SRC="formdrs_001.jpg" ALT=""></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>Up
to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Shares</B></FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>
Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 14pt"><B>Pre-Funded
Warrants</B></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 14pt"><B>Shares
of Common Stock</B></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 14pt"><B>Issuable
upon the Exercise of Pre-Funded Warrants</B></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
is an offering of securities by Sonim Technologies, Inc. We are offering, on a best-efforts basis, up to
[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] shares of our common stock at an offering price of
$&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] per share. You should read this prospectus and any
prospectus supplement or amendment carefully before you invest in our securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> We are also offering to those purchasers, if any, whose purchase of our common stock in this offering would otherwise
result in such purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% of our outstanding
common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity, in lieu of purchasing common stock, to purchase
pre-funded warrants to purchase shares of our common stock, or pre-funded warrants. Each pre-funded warrant will be exercisable for one
share of our common stock (subject to adjustment as provided for therein) at any time at the option of the holder until such pre-funded
warrant is exercised in full, provided that the holder will be prohibited from exercising pre-funded warrants for shares of our common
stock if, as a result of such exercise, the holder, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, would own more than 4.99%
of the total number of shares of our common stock then issued and outstanding. However, any holder may increase such percentage to any
other percentage, not in excess of 9.99%, provided that any increase in such percentage shall not be effective until 61 days after notice
to us. The purchase price of each pre-funded warrant will equal the price per share at which shares of our common stock are being sold
to the public in this offering, minus $0.001, and the exercise price of each pre-funded warrant will equal $0.001 per share of common
stock. Pursuant to this prospectus, we are also offering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the pre-funded warrants
offered hereby. For each pre-funded warrant purchased in this offering in lieu of common stock, we will reduce the number of shares of
common stock we are offering by one. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This offering will terminate on [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], 2025, unless we decide to terminate the offering (which we may do at any
time in our discretion) prior to that date. We will have one closing for all the securities purchased in this offering. The public offering
price per share (or pre-funded warrant) will be fixed for the duration of this offering.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (&ldquo;Nasdaq&rdquo;) under the symbol &ldquo;SONM.&rdquo; The last reported sale
price of our common stock on [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], 2025, was $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]. The
public offering price for the securities offered by this prospectus will be determined between us and the investors in this
offering at the time of pricing, and may be at a discount to the current market price. Therefore, the recent market
price of $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] per share of common stock used throughout this prospectus
may not be indicative of the actual combined public offering price for our common stock or pre-funded warrants, as applicable. There is no established trading market for the pre-funded
warrants and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for the listing of the pre-funded warrants on
any national securities exchange or other trading market. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the pre-funded warrants will
be limited. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are a &ldquo;smaller reporting company&rdquo; as defined under the federal securities laws and, under applicable Securities and Exchange
Commission rules, we have elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting and disclosure requirements.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> We have agreed to pay the placement agent fees set forth in the table below, which assumes that we sell all of the securities offered by this prospectus. See &ldquo;<A HREF="#SL_008">Plan of Distribution</A>&rdquo; on page <A HREF="#SL_008">81</A> of this prospectus for more information regarding these arrangements. There is no minimum number of shares of common stock or pre-funded warrants or minimum aggregate amount of proceeds that is a condition for this offering to close. We may sell fewer than all of the shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants offered hereby, which may significantly reduce the amount of proceeds received by us, and investors in this offering will not receive a refund if we do not sell all of the securities offered hereby. In addition, we have not established an escrow account in connection with this offering. Because there is no escrow account and no minimum number of securities or amount of proceeds, investors could be in a position where they have invested in us, but we have not raised sufficient proceeds in this offering to adequately fund the intended uses of the proceeds as described in this prospectus. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Per Share</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><B>Per Pre-Funded Warrant</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Total</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 46%">Public offering price</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> $ </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 14%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Placement agent fees<SUP>(1)</SUP></FONT> </TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD> $ </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Proceeds, before expenses to us<SUP>(2)</SUP> </TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD> $ </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>



<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">
                                                                                                                                      <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            have agreed to pay the placement agent a cash fee equal to 7.0% of the aggregate gross
                                            proceeds raised at the closing of this offering. We have also agreed to reimburse the
                                            placement agent for certain expenses and closing costs. See &ldquo;<A HREF="#SL_008">Plan of Distribution</A>&rdquo;
                                            for additional information and  a description of the compensation payable to the placement agent. </FONT></TD></TR><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                         <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> (2) </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> Because
                                            there is no minimum number of securities or amount of proceeds required as a condition to
                                            closing in this offering, the actual public offering amount, placement agent fees, and proceeds
                                            to us, if any, are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the total
                                            maximum offering amounts set forth above. For more information, see &ldquo;<A HREF="#SL_008">Plan of Distribution</A>.&rdquo; </TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                         </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <B>Investing in our
securities involves a high degree of risk. See the section titled &ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I><A HREF="#where_006">Risk Factors</A></I>&rdquo; beginning on page 9 to read about the factors you should consider before buying shares of our common stock.</FONT></B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Neither
the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined
if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Delivery
of the common stock or pre-funded warrants offered hereby is expected to be made on or about [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;],
2025, subject to satisfaction of certain customary closing conditions.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 20pt"><B>Roth
Capital Partners</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>The date of this prospectus is </B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;, <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>
2025</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Table
of Contents</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#where_001">Information About This Prospectus</A></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#where_002">Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements</A></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#where_003">Summary</A></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#where_004">Risk Factors Summary</A></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#where_005">The Offering</A></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#where_006">Risk Factors</A></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#where_007">Use of Proceeds</A></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#where_008">Dilution</A></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#where_009">Capitalization</A></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#where_010">Market Information For Common Stock</A></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#where_011">Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations</A></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><A HREF="#SL_001"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Business</FONT></A></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">47</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><A HREF="#SL_002"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Management</FONT></A></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">56</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><A HREF="#SL_003"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Executive and Director Compensation</FONT></A></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">60</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><A HREF="#SL_004"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Principal Securityholders</FONT></A></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">67</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><A HREF="#SL_005"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions</FONT></A></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">68</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><A HREF="#SL_006"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description of Capital Stock</FONT></A></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">72</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <A HREF="#dso_001">Description of Securities We are Offering</A> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">76</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><A HREF="#SL_007"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences To Non-U.S. Holders</FONT></A></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">77</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#SL_008">Plan of Distribution</A></FONT> </P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">81</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><A HREF="#SL_009"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal Matters</FONT></A></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">83</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><A HREF="#SL_010"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Experts</FONT></A></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">83</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"><A HREF="#SL_011"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Where You Can Find Additional Information</FONT></A></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">83</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#ap_001">Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">83</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Neither
we nor the placement agent has authorized any other person to provide you with any information other than that contained or incorporated
by reference in this prospectus. Neither we nor the placement agent takes any responsibility for, or provide any assurance as to the
reliability of, any other information that others may give you.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>We
are not, and the placement agent is not, making an offer to sell the shares of common stock in any jurisdiction where the offer
or sale is not permitted. This prospectus does not constitute an offer of, or an invitation on our behalf or on behalf of the placement agent
to subscribe for and purchase, any securities, and this prospectus may not be used for or in connection with an offer or solicitation
by anyone, in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or solicitation is not authorized or to any person to whom it is unlawful to make
such an offer or solicitation. You should assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on
the front of this prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>For
investors outside of the United States: neither we nor the placement agent has done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution
of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside of
the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to,
the offering of the shares of our common stock and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><A NAME="where_001"></A>INFORMATION
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>General
Information</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;)
that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;). As permitted by SEC rules, this prospectus does not
contain all of the information included in the registration statement. For further information, we refer you to the registration statement,
including its exhibits. Statements contained in this prospectus about the provisions or contents of any agreement or other document are
not necessarily complete. If the SEC&rsquo;s rules and regulations require that an agreement or document be filed as an exhibit to the
registration statement, please see that agreement or document for a complete description of these matters.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">You
should read this prospectus together with any additional information you may need to make your investment decision. You should also read
and carefully consider the information in the documents we have referred you to in &ldquo;<I><A HREF="#SL_011">Where You Can Find Additional Information</A></I>&rdquo;
below.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
otherwise stated or the context requires otherwise, when we refer to &ldquo;Sonim,&rdquo; &ldquo;we,&rdquo; &ldquo;our,&rdquo; &ldquo;us,&rdquo;
and the &ldquo;Company&rdquo; in this prospectus, we mean Sonim Technologies, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. When we refer to
&ldquo;you,&rdquo; we mean the potential investors in our securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Trademarks,
Trade Names and Service Marks</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Solely
for convenience, tradenames referred to in this prospectus appear without the &reg; and &trade; symbols, but those references are not
intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights, or that the applicable
owner will not assert its rights, to these tradenames. We do not intend our use or display of other companies&rsquo; trademarks, trade
names, service marks or copyrights to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, such other companies.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Industry
and Market Data</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
market data and certain other statistical information used throughout this prospectus are based on independent industry publications,
government publications or other published independent sources. Although we believe these third-party sources are reliable as of their
respective dates, neither we nor the placement agent have independently verified the accuracy or completeness of this information.
Some data is also based on our good-faith estimates. The industry in which we operate is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and
risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in the section entitled &ldquo;<I><A HREF="#where_006">Risk Factors</A></I>.&rdquo;
These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in any third-party publications or our good-faith
estimates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Basis
of Presentation</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
information in this prospectus assumes a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of our common stock, which was effected on July 17, 2024 (all share
and per share amounts in this prospectus have been presented on a retrospective basis to reflect the reverse stock split).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain
monetary amounts, percentages and other figures included elsewhere in this prospectus have been subject to rounding adjustments. Percentage
amounts included in this prospectus have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures, but on the basis of such
amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this prospectus may vary from those obtained by performing the same
calculations using the figures in our combined/consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Accordingly,
certain other figures and amounts that appear as totals in this prospectus may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the figures or amounts
that precede them, and figures or amounts expressed as a percentage may not total 100% or be the arithmetic aggregation of the percentages
that precede them.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="where_002"></A>CAUTIONARY
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties.
All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this prospectus or the documents incorporated herein by reference
regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans, and objectives
of management are forward-looking statements. The words &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo; &ldquo;believe,&rdquo; &ldquo;estimate,&rdquo; &ldquo;expect,&rdquo;
&ldquo;intend,&rdquo; &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;plan,&rdquo; &ldquo;predict,&rdquo; &ldquo;project,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;would,&rdquo;
&ldquo;could,&rdquo; &ldquo;should,&rdquo; &ldquo;potential,&rdquo; &ldquo;seek,&rdquo; &ldquo;evaluate,&rdquo; &ldquo;pursue,&rdquo;
&ldquo;continue,&rdquo; &ldquo;design,&rdquo; &ldquo;impact,&rdquo; &ldquo;affect,&rdquo; &ldquo;forecast,&rdquo; &ldquo;target,&rdquo;
&ldquo;outlook,&rdquo; &ldquo;initiative,&rdquo; &ldquo;objective,&rdquo; &ldquo;priorities,&rdquo; &ldquo;goal,&rdquo; or the negative
of such terms and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements
contain these identifying words.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Forward-looking
statements contained in this prospectus include but are not limited to, statements about:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            business strategy and objectives;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            future financial performance and results of operations;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            demand for our products in general and demands for specific segments of products;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            sufficiency of our cash to meet our liquidity needs;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            assessment of the market opportunities and our abilities to capitalize on such market opportunities;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            assessments of the impact of various events on our financial condition and results of operations;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            performance of third parties upon which we depend, including manufacturers;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            ability to comply with regulations applicable to our business;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            ability to maintain, protect and enhance our technology and intellectual property;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            volatility of capital markets and other macroeconomic factors, including inflationary pressures,
                                            banking instability issues, geopolitical tensions, or the outbreak of hostilities or war;
                                            and</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">expectations
                                            regarding the period during which we will qualify as a &ldquo;smaller reporting company.&rdquo;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Forward-looking
statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated by these forward-looking
statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            availability of cash on hand and other sources of liquidity to fund our operations and grow
                                            our business;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            ability to compete effectively depends on multiple factors and we may not be able to continue
                                            to develop solutions to address user needs effectively;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">we
                                            may not be able to continue to develop solutions to address user needs effectively, including
                                            our next-generation products, which could materially adversely affect our liquidity and our
                                            ability to continue operations;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
                                            small number of customers account for a significant portion of our revenue;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">failure
                                            to meet the Nasdaq&rsquo;s continued listing requirements and other Nasdaq rules could adversely
                                            affect the price of our common stock and make it more difficult for us to sell securities
                                            in a future financing or for you to sell our common stock;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            financial and operational projections that we may provide from time to time are subject to
                                            inherent risks;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            ability to incorporate emerging technologies into our new consumer products given the lengthy
                                            development cycle;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            ability to adapt to shortened customer lead times and tightened inventory controls from our
                                            key customers;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">we
                                            are materially dependent on some customer relationships that are characterized by product
                                            award letters and the loss of such relationships could harm our business and operating results;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            quarterly results may vary significantly from period to period;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">we
                                            rely primarily on third-party contract manufacturers and partners;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">if
                                            our products contain defects or errors, we could incur significant unexpected expenses, experience
                                            product returns and lost sales, experience product recalls, suffer damage to our brand and
                                            reputation, and be subject to product liability or other claims;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">we
                                            are required to undergo a lengthy customization and certification process for each wireless
                                            carrier customer;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">we
                                            are dependent on the continued services and performance of a concentrated and limited group
                                            of senior management and other key personnel;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">we
                                            face risks related to the impact of various economic, political, environmental, social, and
                                            market events beyond our control that can impact our business and results of operations;
                                            and</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other
                                            risks and uncertainties other risks described in the section titled &ldquo;<A HREF="#where_006">Risk Factors</A>&rdquo;
                                            listed on page <A HREF="#where_006">9</A> of this prospectus and elsewhere in or in the documents incorporated
                                            by reference in this prospectus.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Moreover,
we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management
to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of
factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Because
forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified, you should
not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking
statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements.
You should read this prospectus and the documents that we incorporate by reference herein completely and with the understanding that
our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Except as required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation
to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this prospectus, any prospectus supplement, and the
other documents we have filed with the SEC that are incorporated herein by reference to conform such statements to actual results or
to changes in our expectations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<DIV STYLE="padding-right: 0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in; border: Black 1pt solid">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="where_003"></A>Summary</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>This
summary highlights information contained in other parts of this prospectus or incorporated by reference into this prospectus
from our filings with SEC, listed in the section of the prospectus entitled &ldquo;<A HREF="#ap_001">Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference</A>.&rdquo; Because
it is only a summary, it  does not contain all of the information that you should consider before purchasing our securities in this offering and it is qualified in its entirety by, and
should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information appearing elsewhere or incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
You should read the entire prospectus, the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and the information incorporated
by reference herein in their entirety, including the &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; and our financial statements and the related notes incorporated
by reference into this prospectus, before purchasing our securities in this offering. You should read the entire
prospectus and the other documents to which we refer before you decide to invest.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Overview</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are a leading provider of enterprise 5G solutions, offering a robust portfolio that includes rugged handsets, smartphones, wireless internet
devices, software, services, and accessories. Our products are engineered to deliver reliable communication in challenging and unpredictable
environments, serving sectors such as critical communications, first responders, government, industrial, construction, hospitality, and
logistics.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
currently have products available at all three U.S. Tier-one carriers &ndash; AT&amp;T, T-Mobile and Verizon as well as the three primary
carriers in Canada &ndash; Bell, Telus and Rogers, and Telstra in Australia. These carriers then resell our products, along with network
services, to end customers focusing on two primary end markets: industrial enterprise and public sector. We also sell our products through
distributors and resellers in various markets, including Europe and South Africa.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
2023, we announced a strategic expansion initiative, focusing on broadening its market reach with new products, geographical markets,
and customer segments including enterprise, small and medium business, and prosumers. This strategy is underpinned by a strong emphasis
on execution. We have introduced new product categories: Connected Solutions featuring wireless internet products, a next-generation
rugged smartphone, and a new range of mid and low-tier professional rugged phones, all boasting IP ratings, MIL-STD-810H standards, and
elements of Sonim&rsquo;s RPS, highlighting our value proposition to target markets.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
the second half of 2024 and through the filing date of this prospectus, we launched the following products:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
Sonim H500-series of 5G mobile hotspots available through Verizon, UScellular, and Bell in North America;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
Sonim H700, the world&rsquo;s first 5G Release 17 and Wi-Fi 7 rugged mobile hotspot, available through Telstra in
Australia;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
Sonim H100 4G mobile hotspot available through Telia Finland and distribution partners in Europe;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
XP100 4G and XP400 5G professional rugged phones available through Deutsche Telekom in Germany and distribution partners in Europe
and South Africa;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
XP Pro 5G rugged smartphone available through Verizon in the United States; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
XP3plus 5G rugged flip phone available through T-Mobile and certified for T-Priority.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Additionally,
the XP10 is now available through our distribution partners in EMEA and Australia. Most of these products are supported by the SonimWare
platform and enterprise services. In the first quarter of 2025, the XP Pro 5G and H500 5G each received Verizon Frontline certification.
In the first quarter of 2025 we also announced the upcoming launch and availability of the XP Pro Thermal 5G smartphone for Europe which
includes an SDK-enabled Sonim IRIS software for custom application development and an integrated thermal camera by FLIR&reg; that benefits
a number of vertical trades such as electricians, plumbers, public safety, construction, agriculture, amongst others.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Geographic
market expansion continues with agreements and product availability through new distribution partners in Europe and South Africa, catering
to carrier, reseller, and enterprise sales channels. New partners include TCCM, Brodos, Modino, Ingram Micro, and Cernotech, which bolster
our presence in these regions. This strategic alignment supports our commitment to offering reliable solutions and expanding our customer
base.</FONT></P>

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</DIV>

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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
the first half of 2024, the Company was in a transition period, phasing out low margin white label products and commencing selling new
products through our carrier channels. Our strategy of moving away from the white label business was accelerated when our manufacturing
partners had difficulty maintaining production of our white label products. Revenue in 2024 decreased compared to 2023 due to this transition
away from white label products. However, with the launch of new products in the fourth quarter of 2024 and in the first half of 2025,
we anticipate significant revenue growth and improved profitability in 2025.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">With
the primary sales channels in the U.S. and Canada consisting of large wireless carriers, the Company&rsquo;s customer base is highly
concentrated. For the year ended December 31, 2024, wireless carriers contributed 75% of our total net revenues, with our top three carrier
customers accounting for 62% of our total net revenues. Our rugged smartphones represented 45% of our total net revenues, while feature
phones were 35% of our total net revenues, white label products (related party revenue) were 13% of our total net revenues, and connected
solutions were 6% of our total net revenues.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
alignment with Sonim Technologies&rsquo; commitment to quality, reliability, and regulatory compliance, we have prioritized our Trade
Agreements Act (&ldquo;TAA&rdquo;) initiatives. TAA compliance is crucial in enhancing our market strategy, particularly in expanding
opportunities within government and enterprise markets, which demand stringent adherence to regulatory standards. By ensuring our products
meet TAA requirements, we reinforce our position as a trusted provider of enterprise 5G solutions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
initiative underscores our dedication to delivering products that not only meet industry-leading standards but also comply with U.S.
federal procurement regulations, thereby enhancing our competitiveness in securing government contracts.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Looking
ahead, Sonim is focused on bringing our new products and solutions offering to our expanded portfolio throughout 2025. Our mobile
phones, including a dedicated hard key that can initiate a PTT call even if the phone is in a sleep-state. The end customers of our solutions
include construction, energy and utility, mining, recreation and hospitality, logistics, manufacturing, public sector and transportation
entities. These customers primarily purchase our devices and accessories through their wireless carriers. The key attributes of our core
solutions, tailored for the needs of our end users, include impact resistance, waterproofing, chemical resistant, and dustproof construction,
extended battery life and extra loud audio, supported by a three-year comprehensive warranty. All of our devices run on the Android operating
system, providing a familiar and intuitive user interface. Our smartphones have access to a library of millions of applications available
through the Google Play Store. We have also implemented dozens of application programming interfaces specific to our mobile phones and
have partnered with third-party application developers to create a purpose-built experience for our end users using these applications
on our mobile phones. This includes working with the leading providers of PTT and mission-critical-PTT applications to deliver a seamless
instant communications experience.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
currently have stocked phone and accessory products with the three largest U.S. wireless carriers: AT&amp;T, T-Mobile and Verizon. This
means that these carriers test and certify our mobile phones on their networks and maintain inventory in their warehouses. They then
sell these products through their enterprise and retail sales teams to end customers, often on a subsidized or financed basis. Our full
product portfolio is also stocked with the three largest Canadian wireless carriers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Recent
Developments</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Recent
Product Awards</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">The
first step in selling our products through wireless telecommunications carriers is to receive a product award from the carrier. The award
documents the intent of the carrier to carry the proposed product and offer it to customers through their stores or online. The carrier
and Sonim agree to a launch date that is generally nine months or longer from the date of the product award. After the product award,
the Company and its partners complete the design that includes the unique specifications from the carrier, test the device, obtain certification
from the carrier to sell the device, and begin full scale manufacturing of the product based on purchase orders issued by the carrier.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">As
of the filing date of this prospectus, Sonim is completing the development, testing and certification of new products that it expects
to launch with various carriers in 2025.</FONT> </P>
<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

</DIV>

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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<DIV STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-right: 0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in; border: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Reverse
Stock Split</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">On
July 17, 2024, the Company effected a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding common stock (the &ldquo;Reverse Stock
Split&rdquo;). Our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market on a post-split basis on July 18, 2024. As a result of the
Reverse Stock Split, each share of common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to July 18, 2024, was automatically converted
into one-tenth (1/10) of a share of common stock. The Reverse Stock Split affected all common stockholders uniformly and did not alter
any stockholder&rsquo;s percentage interest in the Company&rsquo;s equity, except to the extent that the Reverse Stock Split would result
in a stockholder owning a fractional share. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Stockholders
who otherwise would be entitled to receive a fractional share instead were entitled to receive one whole share in lieu of such fractional
share.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">The
Reverse Stock Split did not change the par value of the common stock or the authorized number of shares of common stock. All outstanding
stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants entitling their holders to purchase or obtain or convert into shares of our common
stock were adjusted, as required by the terms of these securities. All common share and per-share amounts in this prospectus have been
retroactively restated to reflect the effect of the Reverse Stock Split.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Equity
Financing</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">On
April 29, 2024, we consummated a private placement with a single investor and sold 350,000 shares of our common stock (as adjusted for
the Reverse Stock Split) and warrants to purchase up to 350,000 shares of our common stock for an exercise price of $11.00 per share
(as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split) for an aggregate purchase price of $3.85 million. We used the net proceeds from the private
placement for working capital and general corporate purposes. The shares of our common stock sold in the private placement (including
those underlying the warrants) are subject to registration rights and may not be transferred or sold until 180 days after the closing,
or &lrm;&lrm;October&lrm; &lrm;29&lrm;, &lrm;2024, subject to customary limited exceptions.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>ATM
Offering</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">On
August 6, 2024, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the &ldquo;Sales Agreement&rdquo;) with Roth.
Pursuant to the Sales Agreement, the Company may sell, at its option, up to an aggregate of $8.9 million in shares of common stock through
Roth, as sales agent. Sales of shares of our common stock made pursuant to the Sales Agreement are being made under the effective Registration
Statement on Form S-3. Roth is entitled to compensation at a commission rate of 3% of the gross sales price per share. For additional
information, refer to Note 7-Stockholders&rsquo; Equity to the consolidated financial statements contained within this prospectus under
the title &ldquo;ATM Offering.&rdquo;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">During
the year ended December 31, 2024, a total of 138,988 shares of common stock were sold under the Sales Agreement for net proceeds of $0.4
million after payment of commission fees and other related expenses of $18,000. Subsequent to December 31, 2024 and through the date
of this prospectus, a total of 3,472,297 shares of common stock were sold under the Sales Agreement for net proceeds of $8.2 million
after payment of commission fees and other related expenses of $0.3 million. As of the date of this prospectus, our ATM program is virtually
exhausted with approximately $0.01 million available for sale.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Receivables
Financing Agreement</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">To
improve its liquidity during seasonally high working capital periods, on September 23, 2024, the Company entered into an invoice purchase
agreement (the &ldquo;Receivables Financing Agreement&rdquo;) with LS DE LLC (&ldquo;LS&rdquo;), pursuant to which LS will provide receivables
factoring to the Company, pursuant to which LS will advance 80% of the face value of the receivables being sold by the Company, up to
a maximum of $2.5 million of eligible customer invoices from the Company. As of December 31, 2024, there was $0.6 million outstanding
under the Receivables Financing Agreement, which is included in Accrued Liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For additional
information, refer to Note 1-The Company and Its Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements contained within
this prospectus under the title &ldquo;Receivables Financing Agreement.&rdquo;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Impairment
of Contract Fulfillment Assets</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">The
non-recurring costs associated with design and development of new products for technical approval represent costs to fulfill a contract
pursuant to ASC 340-40, <I>Other Assets and Deferred Costs.</I> Accordingly, the Company capitalizes these contract fulfillment costs
and amortizes such costs over the estimated period of time that the product will be sold, which is typically three to four years. As
of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net contract fulfillment assets were $6.4 million and $9.2 million, respectively.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">If
the Company determines that such contract fulfillment costs are not expected to be recovered, it records an impairment in the period
such determination is made. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded an impairment of contract fulfillment assets
of $6.5 million, $3.0 million of which is included in cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, due to a decrease
in projected profit of certain hotspots products, the cancellation of a consumer durable product, and the projected end of life of legacy
products as newer products are scheduled to launch. The consumer durable product was cancelled because higher than anticipated manufacturing
costs eliminated the expected profit margin on the product.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; background-color: white"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Macroeconomic
Events</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">Worldwide
economic and political uncertainties and negative trends, including tariffs and increasing trade protectionism, inflation, tensions between
the U.S. and China, financial and credit market fluctuations, recession risks, labor shortages, supply chain disruptions, political election
cycles, changes in laws and interpretations of laws, changes in the volume and relative mix of U.S. government spending, cost-cutting
and efficiency initiatives and potential disruptions from international conflicts and acts of terrorism, have impacted and may continue
to impact our business and the business of our customers, while also disrupting sales channels and advertising and marketing activities.
See &ldquo;<A HREF="#where_004">Risk Factors</A>&rdquo; within this prospectus for further discussion of the possible impact of these factors and other
risks on our business.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Promissory
Note</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">On
February 21, 2025, we entered into a note purchase agreement (the &ldquo;Purchase Agreement&rdquo;) with an institutional lender pursuant
to which we issued and sold to the lender a promissory note in the original principal amount of $3.3 million (the &ldquo;Note&rdquo;).
Interest under the Note accrues at a rate of nine percent (9%) per annum. The Note matures &lrm;on &lrm;August&lrm; &lrm;21&lrm;, &lrm;2026.
Additionally, commencing six (6) months after the date of issuance of the Note and at any time thereafter until the Note is paid in full,
the lender will have the right to redeem up to $330,000 under the Note per calendar month. </FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Review
of the Company&rsquo;s Strategic Alternatives and Nomination of Alternative Slate of Directors</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">In
January 2025, Orbic North America, LLC (&ldquo;Orbic&rdquo;), an affiliate of our competitor currently engaged in intellectual property
litigation against Sonim, announced an &ldquo;agreement in principle&rdquo; with AJP Holding Company, LLC (&ldquo;AJP&rdquo;), our largest
stockholder, which is controlled by our director Jeffrey Wang, who beneficially owns approximately 23% of our common stock, to acquire
a portion of AJP&rsquo;s holdings. Orbic also entered into an irrevocable proxy agreement granting it control over all of AJP&rsquo;s
voting power. </FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; background-color: white"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">In
response, our board established a Special Committee consisting of independent directors to evaluate our strategic alternatives. Since
then, Orbic has submitted a purported nomination notice proposing an alternative slate of director candidates for the Company&rsquo;s
2025 annual meeting and issued a non-binding public offer to acquire all outstanding shares of our common stock for $4.00 per share.
The Special Committee is conducting a thorough evaluation of all proposals along with all viable strategic alternatives, including reasonable
hostile takeover defense measures, to determine the best outcome for our stockholders.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Compliance
with Nasdaq Listing Rules</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">On
September 14, 2023, the Company received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Department (the &ldquo;Staff&rdquo;) of The Nasdaq
Stock Market, LLC (&ldquo;Nasdaq&rdquo;) notifying it that, because the bid price for its common stock had fallen below $1.00 per share
for 30 consecutive business days, the Company no longer complied with the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(a)(2) (the &ldquo;Bid Price Rule&rdquo;) for continued listing. On August 2, 2024, the Company received a letter from the Staff
notifying the Company that it had regained compliance with the Bid Price Rule.</FONT> </P>



<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"> <B>Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> To the extent
that we continue to qualify as a &ldquo;smaller reporting company,&rdquo; as such term is defined in Rule 12b-2 under
the Exchange Act, we will continue to be permitted to make certain reduced disclosures in our periodic reports and other
documents that we file with the SEC. </P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
Information</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
were incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware on August 5, 1999. Our principal executive offices are located at 4445 Eastgate
Mall, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, and our telephone number is (650) 378-8100. Our website address is https://www.sonimtech.com/. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through,
our website is not part of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus, and you should not rely on any such information in making the
decision of whether to purchase our securities. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P></DIV>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="where_004"></A>Risk
Factors Summary</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a summary of some of the risks and uncertainties as of the date of the filing of this prospectus that could materially adversely
affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. You should read this summary together with the more detailed description
of each risk factor contained below in the section titled &ldquo;<I><A HREF="#where_004">Risk Factors</A></I>.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Risks
Related to Our Business and Industry</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
    ability to compete effectively depends on being able to develop solutions that address users&rsquo; needs effectively;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    face strong competitors with greater resources and more extensive experience in the industry;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
    small number of customers account for a significant portion of our revenue;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    are materially dependent on some customer relationships that are characterized by non-binding product award letters and the loss
    of relationship with these customers could harm our business and operating results;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    rely primarily on third-party contract manufacturers and partners;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    rely on related-party transactions for certain business operations;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    continue to restructure and transform our business;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lengthy
    customization and certification process for each wireless carrier customer;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    are dependent on the continued services and performance of our management and key personnel;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
    products may contain defects or errors;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Risks
Related to Our Financial Condition</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    may not generate sufficient liquidity to operate our business and maintain its growth;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
    liquidity has been adversely impacted by our ongoing net losses;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    have not been profitable in recent years and may not achieve or maintain profitability;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Risks
Related to Information Technology and Intellectual Property</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Without
    successful protection of our intellectual property, our competitive position may be harmed;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    occurrence of security breaches, improper access to or disclosure of our data or customer data, and other cyber incidents can inflict
    monetary and reputational damages;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Others
    may claim that we infringe on their intellectual property rights;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Risks
Related to Legal and Regulatory Matters</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Changes
    in laws and regulations concerning the use of telecommunication bandwidth could increase our costs and adversely impact our business;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Changes
    in U.S. trade policy including tariffs can adversely impact our business;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Risks
Related to this Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &#9679; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> Due to the nature of best-efforts offering we may not raise the required
    amount of capital. </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Purchasers
    of our common stock will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of their shares and may experience
    additional dilution as a result of subsequent offerings securities offerings.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    face risks related to potential hostile bids and stockholder activists;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sales
    of our common stock under resale registration statements or the perception of such sales can result in a decline in the price of
    our common stock;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
    quarterly results may vary significantly from period to period;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial
    projections we communicate to the markets from time to time may be inaccurate; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>General
Risk Factors</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    face risks related to the impact of various economic, political, environmental, social, and market events beyond our control can
    impact our business and results of operations.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="where_005"></A>The
Offering</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>The
</I>following <I>is a brief summary of certain terms of this offering. For a more complete description of the terms of the securities,
see </I>&ldquo;Description of Capital Stock&rdquo; <I>in this prospectus.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 35%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Issuer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 63%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sonim
    Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> Common stock offered by us </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares.</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pre-funded warrants</FONT> </TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><P STYLE="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We are also offering to those purchasers, if any, whose purchase of common stock in this offering would otherwise result in such purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% of our outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity, in lieu of purchasing common stock, to purchase pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 6,779,661 shares of our common stock. For each pre-funded warrant we sell, the number of shares of common stock we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis. The purchase price of each pre-funded warrant will equal the price per share at which the shares of common stock are being sold to the public in this offering, minus $0.001, and the exercise price of each pre-funded warrant will be $0.001 per share of common stock.</FONT> </P>
                                                                              <P STYLE="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
                                                                              <P STYLE="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each pre-funded warrant will be exercisable immediately upon issuance and will not expire. This prospectus also relates to the offering of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of such pre-funded warrants. See &ldquo;<A HREF="#dso_001">Description of the Securities We are Offering&mdash;Pre-Funded Warrants</A>&rdquo; for a discussion on the terms of the pre-funded warrants. Each pre-funded warrant is exercisable for one share of our common stock (subject to adjustment as provided therein) at any time at the option of the holder, provided that the holder will be prohibited from exercising its pre-funded warrant for shares of our common stock if, as a result of such exercise, the holder, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, would own more than 4.99% of the total number of shares of our common stock then issued and outstanding. However, any holder may increase such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99%, provided that any increase in such percentage shall not be effective until 61 days after notice to us.</FONT> </P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common
                                            stock outstanding immediately</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">after
    this offering</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
    shares (assuming no sale of any pre-funded warrants). </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Use
    of proceeds</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><P STYLE="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We estimate that the</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> net proceeds from the offering will be approximately $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], based on an assumed public offering price of $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses payable by us.</FONT></P>
                                                                              <P STYLE="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
                                                                              <P STYLE="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company intends to use these proceeds for our operations, including the purchase of life settlement policies, to support our overall business strategy, for working capital purposes and for general corporate purposes, which may include repayment and refinancing of our indebtedness. For further information, see &ldquo;<I><A HREF="#where_007">Use of Proceeds</A></I>&rdquo; in this prospectus.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> Dividend Policy </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> We do not currently anticipate declaring or paying regular
    cash dividends on our common stock in the near term. </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Voting
    rights</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">One
    vote per share.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Listing
    and trading symbol</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares
    of our common stock trade on Nasdaq under the symbol &ldquo;SONM.&rdquo;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk
    factors</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">You
should carefully read and consider the information set forth under the heading &ldquo;<I><A HREF="#where_006">Risk Factors</A>&rdquo;</I> and all other information
set forth.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering is based on 4,983,868 shares of our common stock
outstanding as of December 31, 2024, and excludes, as of such date:</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
350,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
755,494 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
67,962 shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of outstanding restricted stock units issued under Sonim Technologies, Inc.
2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the &ldquo;EIP&rdquo;); and</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
404,047 shares of common stock that remain available for future equity grants under the EIP.</font> </p>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="where_006"></A>Risk
Factors<FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal; text-transform: none"></FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>You
should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below and the other information in this prospectus before making an investment
in our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of </I>operations<I>, or prospects could be materially and adversely
affected if any of these risks occur, and as a result, the market price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or part
of your investment. This prospectus also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See &ldquo;<A HREF="#where_002">Forward-Looking Statements</A>.&rdquo; Our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements
as a result of certain factors, including those set forth below.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Our Business and Industry</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>To
remain competitive and stimulate consumer and business demand, we must successfully manage the introduction of new products and product
lines and the transition and enhancement of existing products.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
operate in a highly competitive, quickly changing environment characterized by evolving industry standards, frequent new product and
service introductions, evolving distribution channels, increasing demand for customized product and software solutions, rapid competitive
developments; and changing customer demands. Technological advancements could render our products obsolete, which typically erodes prices
and causes products to become unmarketable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
success will depend on our ability to respond to changing technologies and customer requirements, effectively stimulate customer and
business demands for new and upgraded products, and our ability to develop and introduce new and enhanced products in a cost-effective
and timely manner. For example, our XP3plus and XP5plus products are compatible with fourth-generation, or 4G, technology, but fifth-generation
wireless, or 5G, technology has required us to upgrade our XP3plus and XP5plus to support 5G.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a result, we are currently prioritizing spending on research and development of our upgrades to 5G and the development of new mobile
phones and other data devices. However, the research and development necessary to launch our new products will require us to incur additional
costs and our liquidity continues to be adversely impacted by our ongoing net losses. There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient
resources to complete the development of our new products and bring them to market. Even if we are able to introduce our new ruggedized
mobile phones and data devices to the market, there can be no assurance that these new product introductions will lead to any sales or
increase in revenue. If we fail to develop new products on a timely and cost-effective basis, or if our new products fail to achieve
market acceptance, our business, operations, financial condition, and liquidity would be further materially adversely affected and we
may be required to delay, reduce or cease our operations and we may be required to seek bankruptcy protection.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
development of new or enhanced products is a complex and uncertain process requiring the accurate anticipation of technological and market
trends. We may experience design, manufacturing, marketing, and other difficulties that could delay or prevent the development, introduction,
or marketing of our new products and enhancements. If we experience delays with new products, if our expectations regarding market demand
and direction are incorrect, if sales of our existing products begin to decline more rapidly, or if the rate of decline continues to
exceed the rate of growth of our next-generation products, it will materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations
and financial condition, and may require us to significantly reduce or even eliminate certain research and development programs.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
participate in a competitive industry, which may become more competitive. Competitors with greater resources and significant experience
in high-volume product manufacturing may be able to respond more quickly and cost-effectively than we can to new or emerging technologies
and changes in customer requirements.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
face significant competition in developing and selling our solutions. Our primary competitors in the non-rugged mobile device market
include Apple Inc. and Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Our primary competitor in the rugged mobile device market is Kyocera Corporation.
We also face competition from large system integrators and manufacturers of private and public wireless network equipment and devices.
Competitors in this space include Harris Corporation, JVC KENWOOD Corporation, Motorola Solutions, Inc., MSI, and Tait International
Limited.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
cannot assure we will be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors. Increased competition in mobile computing
platforms, or related accessories and software developments may result in price reductions, lower gross profit margins, and loss of market
share, and could require increased spending on research and development, sales and marketing, and customer support. Some competitors
may make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships with suppliers or companies that produce complementary products,
which may create additional pressures on our competitive position in the marketplace.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Most
of our competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, larger customer bases, and significantly greater financial,
technical, sales, marketing, and other resources and experience than we do. In addition, because of the higher volume of components that
many of our competitors purchase from their suppliers, they are able to keep their supply costs relatively low and, as a result, may
be able to recognize higher margins on their product sales than we do. Many of our competitors may also have existing relationships with
the channel partners who we use to sell our products, or with our potential customers. This competition may result in reduced prices,
reduced margins, and longer sales cycles for our products. Our competitors may also be able to quickly and cost-effectively respond to
new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements. The combination of brand strength, extensive distribution channels,
and financial resources of the larger vendors could cause us to lose market share and could reduce our margins on our products, especially
if any of our larger competitors moved into the market for ultra-rugged mobile phones and accessories, as those competitors would enjoy
relatively low barriers. If any of our larger competitors were to commit greater technical, sales, marketing, and other resources to
our markets, our ability to compete would be adversely impacted. If we are unable to successfully compete with our competitors, our sales
will suffer and as a result, our financial condition will be adversely impacted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
are dependent on the continued services and performance of a concentrated and limited group of senior management and other key personnel,
the loss of any of whom could adversely impact our business.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
future success depends in large part on the continued contributions of a concentrated and limited group of senior management and other
key personnel. Beginning in 2021, we outsourced substantially all of our manufacturing work to third parties. As of December 31, 2024,
our worldwide employee headcount was 131 employees.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Due
to the small size of our Company and our limited number of employees, each member of our executives, managers and other key personnel
serves a critical role to our success. If we are unable to retain sufficiently experienced and capable employees, including those who
can help us increase revenues generated from our end market segments, our business and financial results may suffer. The loss of the
services of any additional executives, managers or other key personnel could impede the achievement of our strategic objectives, seriously
harm our ability to successfully implement our business strategy and adversely impact our operating results. In addition, if additional
executives, managers or other key personnel resign, retire or are terminated, or their service is otherwise interrupted, including due
to global pandemics, we may not be able to replace them in a timely manner and we could experience significant declines in productivity
and/or errors due to insufficient staffing or managerial oversight. Moreover, experienced and capable employees in the technology industry
remain in high demand, and there is continual competition for their talents. Given our size, we may be at a disadvantage, relative to
our larger competitors, in the competition for these personnel.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
rely on our channel partners to generate a substantial amount of our revenue. If we are unable to maintain successful relationships with
channel partners, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely affected.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately 62% and 35% of our revenues, respectively, were derived from the three largest
U.S. wireless carriers, our channel partners. Our channel partners are primarily wireless carriers who sell our products through their
sales channels. To the extent our channel partners are unsuccessful in selling or do not promote our products, or we are unable to obtain
and retain a sufficient number of high-quality channel partners, our business and operating results could be significantly harmed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
enter into master sales arrangements with the majority of our channel partners. Under the master sales arrangements, our partners purchase
our products for distribution on a purchase order basis. While these arrangements are typically long-term, they generally do not contain
any firm purchase volume commitments. As a result, our channel partners are not contractually obligated to purchase from us any minimum
quantity of products. We are generally required to satisfy any and all purchase orders delivered to us within specified delivery windows,
with limited exceptions (such as orders significantly in excess of forecasts). If we are unable to efficiently manage our supply and
satisfy purchase orders on a timely basis to our channel partners, we may be in breach of our sales arrangements and lose potential sales.
Our sales arrangements also generally include technical performance standards for our mobile phones, mobile hotspots, and accessories
sold, which vary by channel partner. If a technical issue with any of our covered products exceeds certain preset failure thresholds
for the relevant performance standard or standards, the channel partner typically has the right to cease selling the product, cancel
open purchase orders, and levy certain monetary penalties. If our products suffer technical issues or failures following sales to our
channel partners, we may be subject to significant monetary impact and our channel partners may cease making purchase orders, which would
significantly harm our business and results of operations. In addition, our channel partners retain sole discretion in which of their
stocked products to offer their customers. While we may offer limited customer incentives, we generally have limited to no control over
which products our channel partners decide to offer or promote, which directly impacts the number of products that our partners will
purchase from us.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
channel partners may be unsuccessful in marketing, selling and supporting our solutions. They may also market, sell and support solutions
that are competitive with ours, and may devote more resources to the marketing, sales, and support of such products. They may have incentives
to promote our competitors&rsquo; products in lieu of our products, particularly for competitors who do a large volume of business with
the channel partner. In the event there is not sufficient demand for our products, our channel partners may stop selling our products
completely. While we employ a small direct sales force, our channel partners have significantly larger sales teams who are not contractually
obligated to promote any of our devices and often have multiple competing devices in stock to offer their customers. In addition, downstream
sales by our channel partners often succeed due to attractive device prices and monthly rate plans, which we do not control. In certain
cases, we may promote our own devices through customer incentives, typically in exchange for retail price reductions or contributions
of funds for marketing purposes; however, there can be no assurance that any such incentives would contribute to increased purchases
of our products. Further, given the impact of attractive pricing on ultimate sales, we generally must offer increased promotional funding
or price reductions for our more expensive products. This promotional funding or price reductions operate to reduce our margins and significantly
impact our profitability.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
sales channel partners, as well as sales of new products being sold by existing channel partners, may take several months or more to
achieve significant sales. Our channel partner sales structure could subject us to lawsuits, potential liability, and reputational harm
if, for example, any of our channel partners misrepresents the functionality of our products or services to their customers or violates
laws or our corporate policies. Additionally, some of our master agreements with our wireless carrier customers contain &ldquo;most favored
nation&rdquo; clauses. These clauses typically provide that if we enter into an agreement with another wireless carrier or customer on
more favorable terms, we must offer some of those terms to our existing wireless carrier customers. These provisions may obligate us
to provide different, more favorable, terms to our existing wireless carrier customers, which could, if applied, result in lower revenues
or otherwise adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we fail to effectively manage our existing or future sales channel partners, our channel partners fail to promote our products effectively,
we are unable to meet our obligations under our sales arrangements or enter into future agreements with wireless carrier customers that
have terms that are more favorable to the customer, our business and results of operations would be harmed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
continue to transform our business. The assumptions underlying these efforts may prove to be inaccurate, or we may fail to achieve the
expected benefits from these efforts, and we may have to restructure or transform our business again in the future.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
order to be successful, we must have a competitive business model that brings innovative products and services to market in a timely
way. We continue to restructure and transform our business in response to changes in industry and market conditions and to focus on business
simplification, quality improvement, reduced direct and indirect costs, and new revenue growth. We must manage the potentially higher
growth areas of our business, which entail higher operational and financial risks, as well as the non-core areas, in order for us to
achieve improved results. Our assumptions underlying these actions may not be correct, we may be unable to successfully execute these
plans, and even if successfully executed, our actions may not be effective or may not lead to the anticipated benefits. As a result,
we may determine that further restructuring or business transformation will be needed, which could result in the need to record further
special charges such as costs associated with workforce reductions, and we may be unable to maintain or improve our market competitiveness
or profitability.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the transformation of our business, we have made and will continue to make, judgments as to whether we should outsource
the development and manufacturing of our products. If any of these providers experience (i) difficulties in obtaining sufficient supplies
of components, (ii) component prices significantly exceeding anticipated costs, (iii) an interruption in their operations, or (iv) otherwise
suffers capacity constraints, we experience a delay in production and shipping of these products, which would have a negative impact
on our revenue. Should there be any disruption in services due to natural disasters, economic or political difficulties, transportation
restrictions, acts of terror, quarantines, or other restrictions associated with infectious diseases, or other similar events, or any
other reason, such disruption could have a material adverse effect on our business. Operating in the international outsourcing environment
exposes us to certain inherent risks, including unexpected changes in regulatory requirements and tariffs, and potentially adverse tax
consequences, which could materially affect our results of operations. If these providers are unable to achieve greater operational efficiencies,
delivery schedules for new product development and current product delivery could be negatively impacted. Currently, we have no second
source of manufacturing for a portion of our products. In addition, switching from one provider to another is an expensive, difficult,
and time-consuming process, with serious risks to our ability to successfully transfer our development and/or manufacturing operations.
If overall demand for our devices increases in the future, we will need to expand our manufacturing capacity in a cost-efficient manner.
Our operations, and consequently our revenues and profitability, could be materially adversely affected if we are forced to switch from
any of our providers to another provider due to any of a number of factors, including financial difficulties faced by the manufacturer,
disagreements in pricing negotiations between us and the manufacturer or organizational changes in the manufacturer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Further,
we have made and will continue to make judgments as to whether we should further reduce, relocate, or otherwise change our workforce.
We have outsourced substantially all of our manufacturing functions, software development, and quality control functions to third parties,
transferring the employees who previously performed this work. These reductions may have resulted in the loss of institutional knowledge
and expertise and the reallocation and combination of certain roles and responsibilities across the organization, all of which could
adversely affect our operations. These restructuring and additional measures we might take to reduce costs could divert management attention,
yield attrition beyond our intended reduction in force, reduce employee morale, or cause us to delay, limit, reduce, or eliminate certain
product development plans, each of which could have an adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Furthermore,
our workforce efforts may impair our ability to achieve our current or future business objectives.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
are materially dependent on the adoption of our solutions by both the industrial enterprise and public sector markets, and if end customers
in those markets do not purchase our solutions, our revenues will be adversely impacted, and we may not be able to expand into other
markets.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
revenues have historically been in the industrial enterprise market, and we are materially dependent on the adoption of our solutions
by both the industrial enterprise and public sector markets. End customers in the public sector market may remain, for reasons outside
our control, tied to solutions or other competitive alternatives to our phones. Sales of our products to these buyers may also be delayed
or limited by these competitive conditions. If our products are not widely accepted by buyers in those markets, we may not be able to
expand sales of our products into new markets, and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be adversely impacted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
rely primarily on third-party contract manufacturers and partners. If these relationships are disrupted and we are unable to obtain substitute
manufacturers or partners, on favorable terms or at all, our business, operating results, and financial condition may be harmed.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have outsourced contract manufacturing, product assembly, and some of our software development operations to third parties located in
Asia.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
contract manufacturers now produce all of our products in facilities located in Asia. All manufacturing of our products is performed
in accordance with detailed specifications and product designs furnished or approved by us and is subject to rigorous quality control
standards. We periodically review our product manufacturing operations and consider changes we believe may be necessary or appropriate.
Although we intend to closely manage the transition process when manufacturing changes, we could experience disruption to our operations
during any such transition. Other significant risks include limited control over assembly and testing capacity, delivery schedules, quality
assurance, manufacturing yields, production costs, tariffs, and uncertainty over political unrest. Any such disruption could negatively
affect our reputation and our operating results. Additionally, our reliance on third parties could, in certain instances, result in reputational
damage or even disqualify us from sales opportunities with certain customers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, we rely on third parties to provide certain services to us, or to our customers, including hosting services, and providers
of other cloud-based services. If these third-party providers do not perform as expected, our customers may be adversely affected, resulting
in potential liability and negative exposure for us. If it is necessary to migrate these services to other providers due to poor performance,
cyber breaches or other security considerations, or other financial or operational factors, it could result in service disruptions to
our customers and significant time and expense to us, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial
condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Migrating
our design methodology to third-party contract manufacturers or partners could involve increased costs, resources, and development time,
and could expose us to further risk of losing control over our intellectual property and the quality of our products.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
have engaged in related-party transactions and may continue to rely on related parties for key business activities, which could create
conflicts of interest and adversely affect our business.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have entered into, and may continue to enter into, transactions with affiliates of Jeffrey Wang, a director who beneficially owns approximately
23% of our common stock. These transactions have included, among other things, engineering services related to the development
of new products, and we anticipate continued reliance on related parties for these and potentially other key services.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Related-party
transactions present potential conflicts of interest that could result in decisions that prioritize the economic interests of certain
individuals over those of our company and its stockholders. In the event of a dispute under any related-party agreement, the interests
of affiliated parties may not align with ours, and the resolution of such disputes may be less favorable than what we might achieve in
an arms-length transaction with an unaffiliated third party. Additionally, our ability to enforce contractual rights against related
parties may be constrained by these relationships.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the past, affiliates of Mr. Wang have attempted to influence our contractual relationships with third parties by exerting pressure on
strategic decisions. While such efforts did not alter the views of a majority of our independent directors, similar actions by related
parties in the future could disrupt our operations, create uncertainty, or lead to strategic decisions that are not in the best interests
of the company or its stockholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furthermore,
there is no assurance that we will be able to replace these related-party services on comparable terms if needed. If we are required
to seek alternative service providers, we may incur higher costs, delays, or operational inefficiencies, which could materially impact
our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
our products contain defects or errors, we could incur significant unexpected expenses, experience product returns and lost sales, experience
product recalls, suffer damage to our brand and reputation, and be subject to product liability or other claims.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
produce highly complex products that incorporate leading-edge technology, including both hardware and software. The industry standards
upon which many of our products are based are also complex, experience changes over time, and may be interpreted in different manners.
Software often contains defects or programming flaws that can unexpectedly interfere with expected operations. In addition, our products
are complex and are designed to be deployed in large quantities across complex and varying networks. Because of the nature of these products,
they can only be fully tested when completely deployed in large networks with high amounts of traffic, and there is no assurance that
our pre-shipment testing programs will be adequate to detect all defects. As a result, our customers may discover errors or defects in
our hardware or software, or our products may not operate as expected. If we are unable to cure a product defect, we could experience
damage to our reputation, reduced customer satisfaction, loss of existing customers and failure to attract new customers, failure to
achieve market acceptance, reduced sales opportunities, loss of revenue and market share, increased service and warranty costs, diversion
of development resources, legal actions by our customers, and increased insurance costs. Defects, integration issues, or other performance
problems in our products could also result in damages to our customers, financial or otherwise. Our customers could seek damages for
related losses from us, which could seriously harm our business, operations, financial condition, and liquidity. A product liability
claim brought against us, even if unsuccessful, would likely be time-consuming and costly. The occurrence of any of these problems would
seriously harm our business, operations, financial condition, and liquidity.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Further,
errors, defects, or bugs in our solutions could be exploited by hackers or could otherwise result in an actual or perceived breach of
our information systems. Alleviating any of these problems could require significant expense and could cause interruptions, delays, or
cessation of our product licensing, which would reduce demand for our products and result in a loss of sales, delay in market acceptance,
and injure our reputation and could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
our business does not grow as we expect, or if we fail to manage our growth effectively, our operating results and business will suffer.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to successfully grow our business depends on a number of factors including our ability to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">accelerate
    the adoption of our solutions by new end customers;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">expand
                                            into new geographical areas and into new vertical markets;</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">develop
    and deliver new products and services;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">increase
    awareness of the benefits that our solutions offer; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">become
    more cost-effective and scalable by utilizing contract manufacturing.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
usage of our solutions grows, we will need to continue to make investments to develop and implement new or updated solutions, technologies,
security features, and cloud-based infrastructure operations. In addition, we will need to appropriately scale our internal business
systems and our services organization, including the suppliers of our detection equipment and customer support services, to serve our
growing customer base. Any failure of, or delay in, these efforts could impair the performance of our solutions and reduce customer satisfaction.
Further, our growth could increase quickly and place a strain on our managerial, operational, financial, and other resources, and our
future operating results depend to a large extent on our ability to successfully manage our anticipated expansion and growth. To manage
our growth successfully, we will need to continue to invest in sales and marketing, research and development, general and administrative
functions, and other areas. We are likely to recognize the costs associated with these investments earlier than receiving some of the
anticipated benefits, and the return on these investments may be lower, or may develop more slowly, than we expect, which could adversely
impact our operating results.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we are unable to manage our growth effectively, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities or develop new solutions
or upgrades to our existing solutions, satisfy customer requirements, maintain the quality and security of our solutions, or execute
our business plan, any of which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
are required to undergo a lengthy customization and certification process for each wireless carrier customer, which increases our operating
expenses and cost of revenue, and failure to obtain such certification would adversely impact our results of operations and financial
condition.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
wireless carrier requires each of our devices to complete a thorough technical acceptance process before it can be stocked and sold.
Such acceptance processes impose rigorous and complex requirements on our devices, which result in a lengthy testing and certification
process, during which we incur substantial operating expenses related to the wireless carrier&rsquo;s technical acceptance of our devices.
The acceptance processes and related costs to us vary across carrier customers depending on carrier size and level of customization required.
Generally, the certification process commences within one to three months of product concept development. During this development stage,
certain carriers provide a technology roadmap and target demographics, allowing us to define product specifications to meet carrier goals,
while other carriers provide defined specifications and preferred price points. Once we receive approval of a product concept by the
carrier, we and the carrier advance the product to the development stage. When the product is close to becoming a functioning model,
we commence internal quality assurance processes and field testing, which may include third-party lab testing, in-market field testing,
and interoperability testing. Finally, as the last step in the testing phase, the wireless carrier typically conducts testing itself,
following which the product may be certified and stocked. The entire process can last from 6 to 18 months depending on the particular
wireless carrier and type of device. Any delay in the acceptance process or failure to satisfy the device certification requirements
affects our ability to bring products to market and adversely impacts our results of operations and financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
experience lengthy sales cycles for our products and the delay of an expected large order could result in a significant unexpected revenue
shortfall.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
purchase of our products is often an enterprise-wide decision for prospective customers, which requires us to engage in sales efforts
over an extended period of time and provide a significant level of education to prospective customers regarding the uses and benefits
of such devices. Prospective customers, especially the wireless carriers that sell our products, often undertake a prolonged evaluation
process that may take from several months to several years in certain cases. Consequently, if our forecasted sales from a specific customer
are not realized, we may not be able to generate revenues from alternative sources in time to compensate for the shortfall. The loss
or delay of an expected large order could also result in a significant unexpected revenue shortfall. Moreover, to the extent we enter
into and deliver our products pursuant to significant contracts earlier than we expected, our operating results for subsequent periods
may fall below expectations. We may spend substantial time, effort, and money on our sales and marketing efforts without any assurance
that our efforts will produce any sales. If we are unable to succeed in closing sales with new and existing customers, our business,
operating results, and financial condition will be harmed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
we fail to adequately forecast demand for our inventory and supply needs, we could incur additional costs or experience manufacturing
delays, which could reduce our gross margin or cause us to delay or even lose sales.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Because
our production volumes are based on a forecast of channel partner demand rather than firm purchase commitments from our major customers,
our forecasts have been, and there is a risk that our forecasts could be inaccurate in the future. There is a risk that we will be unable
to sell our products at the volumes and prices we expect, which may result in excess inventory. We provide, and will continue to provide,
forecasts of our demand to our third-party suppliers prior to the scheduled delivery of products to our channel partners. If we overestimate
our requirements, our contract manufacturers may have excess component inventory, which could increase our costs. If we underestimate
our requirements, our contract manufacturers may have inadequate component inventory, which could interrupt the manufacturing of our
products and result in delays in shipments and revenues, lost sales, or we could incur unplanned overtime costs to meet our requirements,
resulting in significant cost increases. For example, certain materials and components used to manufacture our products may reach end
of life during any of our product&rsquo;s life cycles, following which suppliers no longer provide such expired materials and components.
This would require us to either source and qualify an alternative component, which could require a re-certification of the device by
the wireless carriers and/or regulatory agencies or forecast product demand for a final purchase of such materials and components that
may reach end of life to ensure that we have sufficient product inventory through a product&rsquo;s life cycle. If we overestimate forecasted
demand, we will hold excess end-of-life materials and components resulting in increased costs. If we underestimate forecasted demand,
we could experience delays in shipments and loss of revenues.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, if we underestimate our requirements and the applicable supplier becomes insolvent or is no longer able to timely supply our
needs in a cost-efficient manner or at all, we may be required to acquire components, which may need to be customized for our products,
from alternative suppliers, including at significantly higher costs. For example, in 2018, one of our suppliers became insolvent and
ceased all production, requiring us to seek alternative supply of complex components in a very short time frame. If we cannot source
alternative suppliers and/or alternative components, we may suffer delays in shipments or lost sales. Similarly, credit constraints at
our suppliers could require us to accelerate payment of our accounts payable, impacting our cash flow. Further, lead times for materials
and components that we order vary significantly and depend on factors such as the specific supplier, contract terms, customization needed
for any particular component and demand for each component at a given time. Any such failure to accurately forecast demand and manufacturing
and supply requirements, and any need to obtain alternative supply sources, could materially harm our business, results of operations,
and financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
markets for our mobile devices and related accessories may not develop as quickly as we expect or may not develop at all.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
future success is substantially dependent upon continued adoption of devices and related accessories in the industrial enterprise and
public sector markets, including the transition from LMR and PTT to smartphone and cellular networks. These market developments and transitions
may take longer than we expect or may not occur at all and may not be as widespread as we expect. If the market does not develop as we
expect, our business, operating results, and financial condition will be significantly harmed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
dependence on third-party suppliers for key components of our products could delay shipment of our products and reduce our sales.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
depend on certain suppliers for the delivery of components used in the assembly of our products, including machined parts, injection
molded plastic parts, printed circuit boards, and other miscellaneous custom parts for our products. Our reliance on third-party suppliers
creates risks related to our potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of components and reduced control over pricing and timing
of delivery of components. In particular, we have little to no control over the prices at which our suppliers sell materials and components
to us. The components business has, from time to time, experienced periods of extreme shortages in product supply, generally as the result
of demand exceeding available supply. Many companies use the same raw materials and supplies that we do in the production of their products.
Companies with more resources than our own may have a competitive advantage in obtaining raw materials and supplies due to greater buying
power. When these shortages occur, suppliers also tend to either increase prices or reduce the number of units sold to customers. In
addition, certain supplies of our components are available only from a single source or limited sources and we may not be able to diversify
suppliers in a timely manner. We have experienced shortages in the past that have negatively impacted our results of operations and may
experience such shortages in the future. These factors can result in reduced supply, higher prices of components used in the assembly
of our products, and delays in the receipt of certain of our key components, which in turn may generate increased costs, lower margins,
and delays in product delivery, with a corresponding adverse effect on revenues and customer relationships. For example, we phased out
low margin white label products in the first half of 2024 because our manufacturing partners had difficulty maintaining production of
our white label products.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
also do not have long-term supply agreements with any of our suppliers. Our current contracts with certain suppliers may be canceled
or not extended by such suppliers and, therefore, do not afford us sufficient protection against a reduction or interruption in supplies.
Moreover, if any of these suppliers breach their contracts with us, our legal remedies associated with such a breach may be insufficient
to compensate us for any damages we may suffer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
interruption of supply for any material components of our products for any reason, including but not limited to global or local health
crises, or inability to obtain required components from our third-party suppliers, could significantly delay the production and shipment
of our products and harm our revenues, profitability and financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
future success is dependent on our ability to create independent brand awareness for our company and products with end customers, and
our inability to achieve such brand awareness could limit our prospects.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
depend on a small number of wireless carriers to distribute our products. While we intend to accelerate direct marketing and end-customer
brand awareness initiatives in the future, our sales and marketing efforts have historically been predominantly focused on channel partners.
As such, historically, our operating expenses related to end-customer marketing efforts have historically been very small, representing
less than 1.0% of our total sales and marketing expenses (including during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023). Increasing end-customer
brand awareness requires investment in our sales and marketing efforts. As a result, we expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase
in the future, primarily from increased use of third-party service providers, which will require us to cost-efficiently ramp up our sales
and marketing capabilities and effectively target end customers. However, there can be no assurance that we will successfully increase
our brand awareness or do so in a cost-efficient manner while maintaining market share within our existing sales channels. Our failure
to establish stand-alone brand awareness with end customers of our products would leave us vulnerable to competitors and have an adverse
impact on our prospects. If we are unable to significantly increase the awareness of our brand and solutions with end customers in a
cost-efficient manner, we will remain significantly dependent on our channel partners for sales of our products and would adversely impact
our ability to grow our business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
we are unable to sell our solutions into new markets, our revenues may not grow.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
new market into which we attempt to sell our solutions may not be receptive. Our ability to penetrate new markets depends on the quality
of our solutions, the continued adoption of our public safety solution by first responders, the perceived value of our solutions as a
risk management tool and our ability to design our solutions to meet the demands of our customers. If the markets for our solutions do
not develop as we expect, our revenues may not grow.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to successfully face these challenges depends on several factors, including increasing the awareness of our solutions and their
benefits, the effectiveness of our marketing programs, the costs of our solutions, our ability to attract, retain and effectively train
sales and marketing personnel, and our ability to develop relationships with wireless carriers and other partners. If we are unsuccessful
in developing and marketing our solutions into new markets, new markets for our solutions might not develop or might develop more slowly
than we expect, either of which would harm our revenues and growth prospects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Changes
in the availability of federal funding to support local public safety or other public sector efforts could impact our opportunities with
public sector end customers.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Many
of our public sector end customers rely to some extent on funds from the U.S. federal government to purchase and pay for our solutions.
Any reduction in federal funding for local public safety or other public sector efforts could result in our end customers having less
access to funds required to continue, renew, expand, or pay for our solutions. If federal funding is reduced or eliminated and our end
customers cannot find alternative sources of funding to purchase our solutions, our business will be harmed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Failure
of our suppliers, subcontractors, distributors, resellers, and representatives to use acceptable legal or ethical business practices,
or to fail for any other reason, could negatively impact our business.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not control the labor and other business practices of our suppliers, subcontractors, distributors, resellers, and third-party sales
representatives (the &ldquo;TPSRs&rdquo;), and cannot provide assurance that they will operate in compliance with applicable rules, and
regulations regarding working conditions, employment practices, environmental compliance, anti-corruption, and trademark a copyright
and patent licensing. If one of our suppliers, subcontractors, distributors, resellers, or TPSRs violates labor or other laws or implements
labor or other business practices that are regarded as unethical, the shipment of finished products to us could be interrupted, orders
could be canceled, relationships could be terminated, and our reputation could be damaged. If one of our suppliers or subcontractors
fails to procure the necessary license rights to trademarks, copyrights, or patents, legal action could be taken against us that could
impact the salability of our products and expose us to financial obligations to a third party. Any of these events could have a negative
impact on our sales and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Moreover,
any failure of our suppliers, subcontractors, distributors, resellers, and TPSRs, for any reason, including bankruptcy or other business
disruption, could disrupt our supply or distribution efforts and could have a negative impact on our sales and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
are exposed to risks associated with strategic transactions.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may pursue mergers, acquisitions, or dispositions of businesses or assets or other strategic transactions that we believe will strengthen,
streamline, or expand our business. Each such transaction would be dependent upon several factors, including identifying suitable companies,
businesses, or assets that align with our business strategies, reaching an agreement with the potential counterparties on acceptable
terms, receipt of any applicable regulatory and other approvals, and other conditions. These transactions involve various risks, including
among others:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">difficulties
    related to integrating or managing applicable parts of an acquired business or joint venture and unanticipated changes in customer
    and other third-party relationships subsequent to closing;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">diversion
    of management&rsquo;s attention from day-to-day operations;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">applicable
    antitrust laws and other regulations that may limit our ability to acquire targets or require us to divest an acquired business or
    assets;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">failure
    to realize anticipated benefits, such as cost savings, revenue enhancements, or strengthening or broadening our business;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">potentially
    substantial transaction costs associated with acquisitions, joint ventures, or investments if we or a transaction counterparty seek
    to exit or terminate an interest in the joint venture or investment; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">potential
    accounting impairment or actual diminution or loss of value of our investment if future market, business, or other conditions ultimately
    differ from our assumptions at the time such transaction is consummated.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Our Financial Condition</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
may not generate sufficient liquidity to operate our business and maintain its growth.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will require significant funds to implement our business strategy, upgrade and expand our product portfolio, and meet our other liquidity
needs. Our historical revenue is not indicative of our future performance. There can be no assurance that we will generate sufficient
revenue to offset the cost of maintaining our operations, including significant accounting, legal, administrative, and other costs associated
with being a public company, and successfully expand our business in accordance with our growth strategy. Additionally, our cash needs
may increase in the near future as we focus on growing and developing our data devices businesses and expanding our operations internationally,
and our liquidity may not be sufficient to achieve these objectives.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may need to seek to raise additional capital from the sale of securities or the incurrence of indebtedness to allow us to maintain our
operations and invest in growth opportunities. There can be no assurance that any debt or equity financing will be available to us on
acceptable terms, or at all. Additionally, if we issue additional equity securities to raise funds, whether to existing investors or
others, the ownership percentage of our existing stockholders would be reduced. New investors may demand rights, preferences, or privileges
senior to those of existing holders of common stock. We may also be limited as to the amount of funds we can raise pursuant to SEC rules
and the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">An
inability to maintain adequate cash on hand, generate sufficient cash flow from our operations, or access capital financing on acceptable
terms will reduce our chances to compete successfully and expand our business in the manner currently contemplated and adversely affect
our business and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
have not been profitable in recent years and may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have incurred significant net losses since 2013 and have an accumulated deficit of $284 million as of December 31, 2024. We are not certain
whether or when we will obtain a high enough volume of sales of our products to sustain or increase our growth or achieve or maintain
profitability in the future. We also expect our costs to increase in future periods, which would negatively impact our future operating
results if our revenues do not increase. In particular, we expect to continue to expend substantial financial and other resources on:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">research
    and development related to our solutions, including investments in our engineering and technical teams;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">expansion
    of our sales and marketing efforts;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">general
    and administrative expenses, including legal and accounting expenses related to being, a public company; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">continued
    expansion of our business.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
investments may not result in increased revenues or growth in our business. Additionally, we have recently and may continue to encounter
unforeseen operating expenses, difficulties, complications, delays, and other unknown factors that may result in losses in future periods.
If we are unable to increase our revenues at a rate sufficient to offset the expected increase in our costs, our business, operating
results, and financial position may be harmed, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability over the long term. We are
subject to the risks and uncertainties associated with the development and release of new products. Our principal sources of liquidity
as of December 31, 2024, consist of existing cash and cash equivalents totaling $5.3 million. The cost structure of the company has been
significantly reduced and many aspects of product development and operational support have been outsourced to add additional spending
flexibility if needed. We have subsequently raised approximately $3.8 million through our ATM stock sale program and $3.0 million from
a debt facility. Our existing capital is expected to allow the company to continue operations for at least the next twelve months. If
necessary, we will seek to raise additional capital. There can be no assurance that additional financing will be available to us on acceptable
terms, or at all. Additionally, if we issue additional equity securities to raise funds, whether to existing investors or others, the
ownership percentage of our existing stockholders would be reduced. New investors may demand rights, preferences, or privileges senior
to those of existing holders of common stock. Additionally, we may be limited as to the amount of funds we can raise pursuant to SEC
rules and the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market or Nasdaq. If we cannot grow our revenue run-rate or raise needed
funds, we might be forced to make additional reductions in our operating expenses, which could adversely affect our ability to implement
our business plan and ultimately our viability as a Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
ability to use our net operating losses to offset future taxable income will be subject to certain limitations.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, or NOLs, of $120.1 million and $95.2 million,
respectively, due to prior period losses, a portion of which expire in various years beginning in 2037 and 2035, respectively, if not
utilized. In general, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, a corporation that undergoes an
&ldquo;ownership change&rdquo; is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its NOLs to offset future taxable income. Due to the
investment by AJP Holding Company, LLC (&ldquo;AJP&rdquo;) in 2022 and the resulting ownership change, the future use of the NOLs to
reduce future taxable income of the Company is severely limited.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Information Technology and Intellectual Property</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>A
security breach or other significant disruption of our IT systems or those of our partners, suppliers, or manufacturers, caused by cyberattacks
or other means, could have a negative impact on our operations, sales, and operating results.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
rely extensively on our information systems to manage our business operations. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience
attempts to compromise our information technology systems and those of our third-party service providers. All IT systems are potentially
vulnerable to damage, unauthorized access, or interruption from a variety of sources, including but not limited to, cyberattacks, cyber
intrusions, computer viruses, security breaches, denial-of-service attacks, ransomware or other malware, energy blackouts, natural disasters
and severe weather conditions, terrorism, sabotage, war, insider trading, human error, and computer and telecommunication failures. Attacks
against the Company can escalate during periods of geopolitical tensions or conflict. Additionally, like other mobile device manufacturers,
we use open-source software from time to time, which may be more susceptible to cybersecurity vulnerabilities that may not be identified
timely. We are also dependent upon third-party manufacturers and service providers to adequately protect our IT systems. We do not have
direct oversight or influence over how third parties manage the security, quality, or resiliency of their networks. Cyber attacks continue
to evolve in sophistication and volume, and inherently may be difficult to detect for long periods of time. For example, the development
and implementation of AI technologies may further increase our exposure to or exacerbate the risks of cyber attacks or other security
incidents, particularly where such technologies are exploited by third parties to breach our IT systems or those of our third-party service
providers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
cyberattack or other significant disruption involving our IT systems or those of our outsource partners, suppliers, or manufacturers
could result in the unauthorized release of proprietary, confidential, or sensitive information of ours or result in virus and malware
installation on our devices. Such unauthorized access to, or release of, this information or other security breaches could: (i) allow
others to unfairly compete with us, (ii) compromise safety or security, (iii) subject us to claims for breach of contract, tort, and
other civil claims, and (iv) damage our reputation. We could face regulatory penalties, enforcement actions, remediation obligations,
or private litigation by parties whose data is improperly disclosed or misused. Any or all of the foregoing could negatively impact our
business, financial condition, and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
we are unable to successfully protect our intellectual property, our competitive position may be harmed.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to compete is heavily affected by our ability to protect our intellectual property. We rely on a combination of patents, patent
applications, copyright and trademark laws, trade secrets, confidentiality procedures, and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary
rights. We also enter, and plan to continue to enter, into confidentiality, invention assignment, or license agreements with our employees,
consultants, and other parties with whom we contract, and control access to and distribution of our software, documentation, and other
proprietary information. The steps we take to protect our intellectual property may be inadequate, and it is possible that some or all
of our confidentiality agreements will not be honored, and certain contractual provisions may not be enforceable. Existing trade secret,
trademark, and copyright laws offer only limited protection. Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products or obtain
and use information that we regard as proprietary. Policing unauthorized use of our products is difficult, time-consuming, and costly,
particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States. We cannot assure
you that our means of protecting our proprietary rights will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop similar
technology, the effect of either of which would harm our competitive position in the market. Furthermore, disputes can arise with our
strategic partners, customers, or others concerning the ownership of intellectual property.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Others
may claim that we infringe on their intellectual property rights, which may result in costly and time-consuming litigation and could
delay or otherwise impair the development and commercialization of our products.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
recent years, there has been a significant increase in litigation in the United States involving patents and other intellectual property
rights, and because our products are comprised of complex technology, we are often involved in or impacted by assertions, including both
requests to take licenses and litigation, regarding infringement of patent and other intellectual property rights of third parties. Third
parties have asserted, and in the future may assert, intellectual property infringement claims against us and against our channel partners,
end customers, and suppliers. Many of these assertions are brought by non-practicing entities whose principal business model is to secure
patent licensing revenues from product manufacturing companies. Claims for alleged infringement and any resulting lawsuit, if successful,
could subject us to significant liability for damages and invalidation of our intellectual property rights. Defending any such claims,
with or without merit, including pursuant to indemnity obligations, could be time-consuming, and expensive, cause product shipment delays,
or require us to enter into a royalty or licensing agreement, any of which could delay the development and commercialization of our products
or reduce our margins. If we are unable to obtain a required license, our ability to sell or use certain products may be impaired. In
addition, if we fail to obtain a license, or if the terms of the license are burdensome to us, our operations could be significantly
harmed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
use of open-source software could subject us to possible litigation or otherwise impair the development of our products.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
portion of our technologies incorporates open-source software, including open-source operating systems such as Android, and we expect
to continue to incorporate open-source software into our platform in the future. Few of the licenses applicable to open-source software
have been interpreted by courts, and their application to the open-source software integrated into our proprietary technology platform
may be uncertain. If we fail to comply with these licenses, then pursuant to the terms of these licenses, we may be subject to certain
requirements, including requirements that we make available the source code for our software that incorporates the open-source software.
We cannot assure you that we have not incorporated open-source software in our software in a manner that is inconsistent with the terms
of the applicable licenses or our current policies and procedures. If an author or other third party that distributes such open-source
software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could incur significant legal
expenses defending against such allegations. Litigation could be costly for us to defend, have a negative effect on our operating results
and financial condition, or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our technology platform.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">With
respect to open-source operating systems, if third parties cease continued development of such operating systems or restrict our access
to such operating systems, our business and financial results could be adversely impacted. We are dependent on third parties&rsquo; continued
development of operating systems, software application ecosystem infrastructures, and such third parties&rsquo; approval of our implementations
of their operating and system and associated applications. If such parties cease to continue development or support of such operating
systems or restrict our access to such operating systems, we would be required to change our strategy for our devices. As a result, our
financial results could be negatively impacted because a resulting shift away from the operating systems we currently use, and the associated
applications ecosystem could be costly and difficult.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
inability to obtain and maintain any third-party license required to develop new products and product enhancements could seriously harm
our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
time to time, we are required to license technology from third parties to develop new products or product enhancements. For example,
we have entered into worldwide intellectual property cross-license agreements or other technology license agreements with a number of
global technology companies in the mobile telecommunications market. Third-party licenses may not be available to us on commercially
reasonable terms, or at all. If we fail to renew any intellectual property license agreements on commercially reasonable terms, or any
such license agreements otherwise expire or terminate, we may not be able to use the patents and technologies of these third parties
in our products, which are critical to our success. We cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively control the level of licensing
and royalty fees paid to third parties, and a significant increase in such fees could have a significant and adverse impact on our future
profitability. Seeking alternative patents and technologies may be difficult and time-consuming, and we may not be successful in finding
alternative technologies or incorporating them into our products. Our inability to obtain any third-party license necessary to develop
new products or product enhancements could require us to obtain substitute technology of lower quality or performance standards, or at
greater cost, which could seriously harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Increasing
regulatory focus on privacy and cybersecurity issues and expanding laws could expose us to liability, subject us to lawsuits, investigations,
and other liabilities and restrictions on our operations that could significantly and adversely affect our business.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Personal
privacy and information security are significant issues in the United States, Europe and the other jurisdictions in which we operate
or make our products and applications available. The legislative and regulatory framework for privacy and security issues worldwide is
rapidly evolving and may be inconsistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Examples of these laws include but are not limited to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">various
                                            U.S. federal, U.S. state, and foreign privacy laws related to the processing and security
                                            of personal data, including:</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)
    comprehensive privacy laws that provide data privacy rights (including, in California, a private right of action in the event of
    a data breach resulting from our failure to implement and maintain reasonable security procedures and practices) and impose significant
    obligations on controllers and processors of consumer data;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)
    laws imposing obligations on businesses that collect or disclose biometric information (including, in Illinois, Texas, and Washington);
    and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)
    laws regulating internet-connected devices (such as, in California, the Internet of Things Security Law).</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    EU General Data Protection Regulation and the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulations, which apply to all of our activities
    conducted from an establishment in the EU or the United Kingdom, respectively, or related to products and services that we offer
    to the EU or the United Kingdom users or customers, respectively, or the monitoring of their behavior in the EU or the UK, respectively.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may incur substantial expense in complying with the obligations imposed by various jurisdictions in which we do business or seek to do
business and we may be required to make significant changes in our business operations, all of which may adversely impact our revenues
and our business overall. Additionally, our failure or perceived failure to comply with privacy and information security laws and regulations
would result in negative publicity fines and orders requiring that we change our practices, which will adversely affect our business,
reputation, financial condition, and operating results.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Legal and Regulatory Matters</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Changes
in laws and regulations concerning the use of telecommunication bandwidth could increase our costs and adversely impact our business.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business depends on our ability to sell devices that use telecommunication bandwidth allocated to licensed and unlicensed wireless services,
and that use of that bandwidth is subject to laws and regulations that are subject to change over time. Changes in the permitted uses
of telecommunication bandwidth, reallocation of such bandwidth to different uses, and new or increased regulation of the capabilities,
manufacture, importation, and use of devices that depend on such bandwidth could increase our costs, require costly modifications to
our products before they are sold, or limit our ability to sell those products into our target markets. In addition, we are subject to
regulatory requirements for certification and testing of our products before they can be marketed or sold. Those requirements may be
onerous and expensive. Changes to those requirements could result in significant additional costs and could adversely impact our ability
to bring new products to market in a timely fashion.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
interpretation and implementation of the various provisions of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, and the FCC rules implementing
said act continue to be heavily debated and may have a material adverse effect on our business. FCC regulatory activity has increased
in 2023 and 2024, particularly in connection with broadband the origin of hardware (including chipsets) and software used in telecommunication
and data devices. We cannot predict how increased regulatory activity at the FCC will impact our businesses but expect increased legal
and compliance costs. If we do not comply with FCC rules, regulations, orders, policies, or procedures we could be subject to FCC enforcement
actions, fines, and possibly restrictions on our ability to operate or offer certain or all of our products in the United States. Any
enforcement action by the FCC, which may be a public process, would hurt our reputation in the industry, could erode customer trust,
possibly impair our ability to sell our products to customers, and could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial
condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Changes
in U.S. trade policy, including the imposition of tariffs and restrictions and the resulting consequences, may have a material adverse
impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
cannot predict what changes to trade policy will be made, or the economic impact that changes to trade policy will have, including significant
increases in tariffs on goods imported into the United States, particularly tariffs on products manufactured abroad, including China
and other countries, and the length of time such tariffs may remain in place, or whether the entry into new bilateral or multilateral
trade agreements will occur. As of the filing date of this prospectus, the U.S. has imposed tariffs on foreign imports into the United
States, including, most relevant to us, an additional 145% tariff on all imports from China, provided, that an exemption was granted to smartphones and certain other
items. These tariffs may further increase the
cost of our products and could negatively impact our results of operations. At this time, it remains unclear what additional actions,
if any, will be taken by the U.S. or other governments with respect to international trade agreements, the imposition of additional tariffs
on goods imported into the U.S., tax policy related to international commerce, increased export control, sanctions and investment restrictions,
or other trade matters. Although the ultimate scope and timing of any such actions is currently indeterminable, if implemented, they
could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. If further tariffs are imposed on a broader range
of imports, further retaliatory trade measures are taken by various countries in response to tariffs, or efforts are made to withdraw
from or substantially modify such agreements, then we may be required to raise our prices or incur additional expenses.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, the FCC rules prohibit communications equipment deemed to pose an unacceptable risk to national security from obtaining the
equipment authorization that allows the products to be imported, marketed, or sold in the U.S. If any of our product components were
to be classified under these restrictions, we could face regulatory hurdles, supply chain disruptions, and lost revenue opportunities,
which could have a material impact on our operations and financial results. Additionally, evolving national security policies and heightened
scrutiny of foreign-manufactured telecommunications equipment may further increase compliance costs and restrict our market access.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
adoption or expansion of trade restrictions, the escalation of a trade war, or other governmental actions related to tariffs, trade agreements,
or prohibition of components of communication equipment, could negatively impact demand for our products, increase costs, disrupt our
supply chain, and adversely affect our customers and suppliers. Any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our
business, operating results, and financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
unfavorable outcome of any future litigation, arbitration, or administrative action could have a significant adverse impact on our financial
condition or results of operations.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
time to time, we are a party to litigation, arbitration, or administrative actions. Our business may bring us into conflict with third
parties with whom we have contractual or other business relationships, or with our competitors or others whose interests differ from
ours. If we are unable to resolve those conflicts on terms that are satisfactory to all parties, we may become involved in litigation
brought by or against us. Our financial results and reputation could be negatively impacted by unfavorable outcomes to any future litigation
or administrative actions, including those related to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, or other anti-corruption
laws. Monitoring, initiating, and defending against legal actions is time-consuming for our management, likely to be expensive, and may
detract from our ability to fully focus our internal resources on our business activities. In addition, despite the availability of insurance,
we may incur substantial legal fees and costs in connection with litigation. Lawsuits are subject to inherent uncertainties, and defense
and disposition costs depend upon many unknown factors. Lawsuits could result in judgments against us that require us to pay damages,
enjoin us from certain activities, or otherwise negatively affect our legal or contractual rights, which could have a significant adverse
effect on our business. In addition, the inherent uncertainty of such litigation could lead to increased volatility in our stock price
and a decrease in the value of our stockholders&rsquo; investment in our common stock. There can be no assurances as to the favorable
outcome of any litigation or administrative proceedings. In addition, it can be very costly to defend litigation or administrative proceedings
and these costs could negatively impact our financial results.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
may incur substantial costs and receive adverse outcomes in litigation, regulatory investigations, and other legal matters in connection
with alleged violations of securities laws and regulations.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by unfavorable results in pending or
future litigations, regulatory investigations, and other legal matters related to violations or perceived violations of applicable securities
laws and regulations by the Company or its affiliates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have been subject to the SEC investigation and stockholders&rsquo; class actions in the past and may become subject to securities-related
investigations or legal proceedings in the future. The ultimate resolution of such investigations and lawsuits cannot be predicted, and
the claims raised in these lawsuits may result in further legal matters or actions against us, including, but not limited to, government
enforcement actions or additional private litigation. We were subject to an SEC investigation that had started in March 2020. Although
there were no penalties imposed against the Company as a result of that SEC investigation, we cannot predict the outcome of any particular
proceeding, or whether any new SEC investigation will be resolved favorably or ultimately result in charges or material damages, fines,
or other penalties, enforcement actions, or civil or criminal proceedings against us or members of our senior management.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Litigation
matters and regulatory investigations, regardless of their merits or their ultimate outcomes, are costly, divert management&rsquo;s attention,
and may materially adversely affect our reputation and demand for our products. We cannot predict with certainty the eventual outcome
of pending or future legal matters. An adverse outcome of litigation or legal matters could result in us being responsible for significant
damages. Any of these negative effects resulting from litigation, regulatory investigations, and other legal matters could materially
adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, economic sanctions, export control, and similar laws. Non-compliance
with such laws can subject us to criminal or civil liability and harm our business, revenues, financial condition, and results of operations.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. &sect;
201, the U.S. Travel Act, and other anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in the countries in which we conduct activities. Anti-corruption
and anti-bribery laws have been enforced aggressively in recent years and are interpreted broadly to generally prohibit companies and
their employees and third-party intermediaries from authorizing, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, improper payments or
benefits to recipients in the public or private sector. As we increase our international presence, we may engage with distributors and
third-party intermediaries to market our solutions and to obtain necessary permits, licenses, and other regulatory approvals. In addition,
we or our third-party intermediaries may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or
state-owned or affiliated entities. We can be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party intermediaries,
our employees, representatives, contractors, partners, and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
United States has imposed economic sanctions that affect transactions with designated foreign countries, nationals and others. In particular,
the United States prohibits U.S. persons from engaging with individuals and entities identified as &ldquo;Specially Designated Nationals,&rdquo;
such as terrorists and narcotics traffickers. These prohibitions are administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury&rsquo;s Office
of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC. OFAC rules prohibit U.S. persons from engaging in, or facilitating a foreign person&rsquo;s engagement
in, transactions with or relating to the prohibited individual, entity or country, and require the blocking of assets in which the individual,
entity or country has an interest. Blocked assets (e.g., property or bank deposits) cannot be paid out, withdrawn, set off or transferred
in any manner without a license from OFAC. Other countries in which we operate, including Canada and the United Kingdom, also maintain
economic and financial sanctions regimes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Some
of our solutions, including software updates and third-party accessories, may be subject to U.S. export control laws, including the Export
Administration Regulations; however, the vast majority of our products are non-U.S.-origin items , developed and manufactured outside
of the United States, and therefore not subject to these laws. For third-party accessories, we rely on manufacturers to supply the appropriate
export control classification numbers that determine our obligations under these laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
cannot assure you that our employees and agents will not take actions in violation of our policies and applicable law, for which we may
be ultimately held responsible. As we increase our international presence, our risks under these laws, rules, and regulations may increase.
Further, any change in the applicability or enforcement of these laws, rules, and regulations could adversely impact our business operations
and financial results.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Detecting,
investigating and resolving actual or alleged violations can require a significant diversion of time, resources, and attention from senior
management. In addition, noncompliance with anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, or economic sanctions laws, rules,
and regulations could subject us to whistleblower complaints, investigations, sanctions, settlements, prosecution, other enforcement
actions, disgorgement of profits, significant fines, damages, other civil and criminal penalties or injunctions, suspension and/or debarment
from contracting with certain persons, the loss of export privileges, reputational harm, adverse media coverage, and other collateral
consequences. If any subpoenas or investigations are launched, or governmental or other sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail
in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, revenues, financial condition, and results of operations would be significantly
harmed. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of management&rsquo;s attention and resources
and significant defense costs and other professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could further harm our business, financial
condition and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
are subject to a wide range of product-, consumer-, worker- safety and environmental laws and regulations.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
operations and the products we manufacture or sell are subject to a wide range of product regulatory and safety, consumer, worker safety
and environmental laws and regulations. Compliance with such existing or future laws and regulations could subject us to future costs
or liabilities, impact our production capabilities, constrict our ability to sell, expand or acquire facilities, restrict what solutions
we can offer and generally impact our financial performance. Our products are designed for use in potentially explosive or hazardous
environments. If our product design fails for any reason in such environments, we may be subject to product liabilities and future costs.
In addition, some of these laws are environmental and relate to the use, disposal, remediation, emission, discharge of and exposure to
hazardous substances. These laws often impose liability and can require parties to fund remedial studies or actions regardless of fault.
Environmental laws have tended to become more stringent over time and any new obligations under these laws could have a negative impact
on our operations or financial performance.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Laws
focused on the energy efficiency of electronic products and accessories, recycling of both electronic products and packaging, reducing
or eliminating certain hazardous substances in electronic products, and the transportation of batteries continue to expand significantly.
Laws pertaining to accessibility features of electronic products, standardization of connectors and power supplies, the transportation
of lithium-ion batteries, and other aspects are also proliferating. There are also demanding and rapidly changing laws around the globe
related to issues such as product safety, radio interference, radio frequency radiation exposure, medical related functionality, and
consumer and social mandates pertaining to use of wireless or electronic equipment. These laws, and changes to these laws, could have
a substantial impact on whether we can offer certain products, solutions, and services, and on what capabilities and characteristics
our products or services can or must include.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
laws and regulations impact our products and could negatively impact our ability to manufacture and sell products competitively. In addition,
we anticipate that we will see increased demand to meet voluntary criteria related to reduction or elimination of certain constituents
from products, increasing energy efficiency and providing additional accessibility.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and distract our management, which could make it difficult to manage
our business.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are required to comply with various regulatory and reporting requirements, including those required by the SEC. Complying with these
reporting and other regulatory requirements will be time-consuming and will result in increased costs to us and could have a negative
effect on our results of operations, financial condition or business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. These
requirements may place a strain on our systems and resources. The Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports
with respect to our business and financial condition. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we attest to having internal controls over
financial reporting. To maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, we will need to commit significant
resources, hire additional staff and provide additional management oversight. We will be implementing additional procedures and processes
for the purpose of addressing the standards and requirements applicable to public companies. Sustaining our growth also will require
us to commit additional management, operational and financial resources to identify new professionals to join our firm and to maintain
appropriate operational and financial systems to adequately support expansion. These activities may divert management&rsquo;s attention
from other business concerns, which could have a significant adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition or business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Being
a public company requires significant resources and management oversight. As a result, management&rsquo;s attention may be diverted from
other business concerns, which could harm our business, operating results, and financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to this Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>This
is a best-efforts offering, no minimum amount of securities is required to be sold, and we may not raise the amount of capital we believe
is required for our business plans, including our near-term business plans.</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
placement agent has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit offers to purchase the securities in this offering. The placement
agent has no obligation to buy any of the securities from us or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar
amount of the securities. There is no required minimum number of securities that must be sold as a condition to completion of this offering.
Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to the closing of this offering, the actual offering amount, placement
agent fees and proceeds to us are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amounts set forth herein.
We may sell fewer than all of the securities offered hereby, which may significantly reduce the amount of proceeds received by us, and
investors in this offering will not receive a refund in the event that we do not sell an amount of securities sufficient to support our
continued operations, including our near-term continued operations. Thus, we may not raise the amount of capital we believe is required
for our operations in the short-term and may need to raise additional funds to complete such short-term operations. Such additional fundraises
may not be available or available on terms acceptable to us.</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Holders
of our pre-funded warrants will have no rights as a common stockholder until they acquire our common stock.</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Until
you acquire shares of our common stock upon exercise of your pre-funded warrants, you will have no rights with respect to shares of our
common stock issuable upon exercise of your pre-funded warrants. Upon exercise of your pre-funded warrants, you will be entitled to exercise
the rights of a common stockholder only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date.</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>There
is no public market for the pre-funded warrants being offered in this offering.</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
is no established public trading market for the pre-funded warrants being offered in this offering, and we do not expect a market to
develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply to list the pre-funded warrants on any national securities exchange or other nationally
recognized trading system, including The Nasdaq Capital Market. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the warrants and pre-funded
warrants will be limited.</font> </p>
<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
you purchase shares of our common stock sold in this offering, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible
book value of your shares. In addition, we may issue equity or convertible debt securities in the future, which may result in additional
dilution to investors.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investors
purchasing our common stock in this offering will pay a price per share that substantially exceeds the as adjusted net tangible book
value per share. As a result, investors purchasing our common stock in this offering will incur immediate dilution of $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]
per share, representing the difference between the assumed public offering price of $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]
per share, which is the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq on [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;],
2025, and our as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2024. For more information on the dilution you may suffer as a
result of investing in this offering, see the section titled &ldquo;<I><A HREF="#where_008">Dilution</A>&rdquo;</I> below. In addition,
to the extent we need to raise additional capital in the future and we issue shares of common stock or securities convertible or exchangeable
for our common stock, our then-existing stockholders may experience dilution and the new securities may have rights senior to those of
our common stock offered in this offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering, including for any of the purposes described
in the section titled &ldquo;<I><A HREF="#where_007">Use of Proceeds</A></I>,&rdquo; and you will not have the opportunity as part of your investment decision
to assess whether the net proceeds are being used appropriately. Because of the number and variability of factors that will determine
our use of the net proceeds from this offering, their ultimate use may vary substantially from their currently intended use. Our management
might not apply our net proceeds in ways that ultimately increase the value of your investment. We expect to use the net proceeds of
this offering, together with our existing cash and cash equivalents, for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including
sales and marketing activities and product development. The failure of our management to apply these funds effectively could harm our
business. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in short- and intermediate term, investment-grade, interest-bearing
securities. These investments may not yield a favorable return to our stockholders. If we do not invest or apply the net proceeds from
this offering in ways that enhance stockholder value, we may fail to achieve expected financial results, which could cause our stock
price to decline.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
business and operations could be negatively affected if we become subject to stockholder activism or hostile bids, which could cause
us to incur significant expense, hinder execution of our business strategy and impact our stock price.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stockholder
activism&mdash;ranging from proxy contests and hostile bids to public campaigns and litigation&mdash;has become increasingly prevalent.
Declines in our stock price may heighten our vulnerability to unsolicited approaches, potentially disrupting our business strategy and
operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
January 2025, Orbic North America, LLC (&ldquo;Orbic&rdquo;), an affiliate of our competitor currently engaged in intellectual property
litigation against Sonim, announced an &ldquo;agreement in principle&rdquo; with AJP, our largest stockholder, which is controlled by
our director Jeffrey Wang, who beneficially owns approximately 23% of our common stock, to purchase a portion of AJP&rsquo;s stock.
Following this development, our board formed a Special Committee to evaluate strategic alternatives. Orbic also entered into an irrevocable
proxy agreement granting it control over all of AJP&rsquo;s voting power. On March 21, 2025, AJP and Orbic, acting as a group, delivered
a purported notice to nominate an alternative slate of director candidates for election to our board at our 2025 annual meeting, which
was determined to be deficient and, therefore, rejected. Our rejection of the notice may result in costly protracted litigation and other
negative consequences. Responding to such actions by activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations,
and divert the attention of management and our board of directors. If AJP and Orbic are successful in the proxy contest, they could gain
control of our board of directors, potentially pursuing actions advanced by our competitor that conflict with our long-term strategic
objectives. Actions of AJP and Orbic may also discourage or deter a potential acquirer of Sonim from considering Sonim as a desirable
acquisition target.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
presence of an activist stockholder or the perception of a potential hostile takeover may create uncertainty regarding our future direction,
strain relationships with business partners, and impact our ability to attract and retain key personnel. In fact, Sonim has already had
to dispel market rumors regarding potential hostile actions by Orbic, which has required management&rsquo;s time and effort.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
evaluation of strategic alternatives may not lead to a favorable outcome and could create business disruption and stock price volatility.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
January 2025, we formed a Special Committee composed solely of independent directors to evaluate potential strategic alternatives aimed
at enhancing stockholder value. These alternatives could include acquisitions, divestitures, mergers, partnerships, financings, or a
sale of the company. The Special Committee was formed in response to the Schedule 13D/A filing by AJP on January 17, 2025, and it subsequently
received an unsolicited, non-binding proposal from Orbic.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
can be no assurance that our strategic review process will result in any transaction or other strategic outcome. We do not intend to
disclose further developments on this strategic review process unless and until we determine that such disclosure is appropriate or necessary.
If we determine to engage in a transaction as a result of our exploration and evaluation of strategic alternatives, our future business,
prospects, financial position and operating results could be significantly different than those in historical periods or projected by
our management. Moreover, the review of strategic alternatives may disrupt our business by causing uncertainty among current and potential
employees, suppliers, customers and investors. The selection and execution of a strategic alternative may lead to similar disruptions,
and parties advocating for alternatives not selected may solicit support for such other alternatives, causing further disruption.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
occurrence of any one or more of the above risks could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of
operations and cash flows.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
are required to meet the Nasdaq continued listing requirements and other Nasdaq rules, or we may risk delisting. Delisting could negatively
affect the price of our common stock, which could make it more difficult for us to sell securities in a future financing or for you to
sell our common stock.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are required to meet the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq and other Nasdaq rules, including those regarding director independence
and independent committee requirements, minimum stockholders&rsquo; equity, minimum share price and certain other corporate governance
requirements. In particular, we are required to maintain a minimum bid price for our listed common stock of $1.00 per share, which we
previously failed to meet resulting in two reverse stock splits in a five-year period in order to regain compliance. If we do not meet
these continued listing requirements, our common stock could be delisted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
Nasdaq delists our common stock from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our common stock on another national securities
exchange, we expect our common stock could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant
material adverse consequences, including:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
    limited availability of market quotations for our common stock;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reduced
    liquidity for our common stock;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
    determination that our common stock is a &ldquo;penny stock&rdquo; which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere
    to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">negative
    publicity;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
    limited amount of news and analyst coverage;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">loss
    of eligibility to register the sale or resale of our securities on Form S-3; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
    decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I></I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Sales
of our common stock under resale registration statements or the perception of such sales in the public market or otherwise could cause
the market price for our common stock to decline, even if our business is doing well.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Resales
of our common stock may cause the market price of our securities to drop significantly. The sale of shares of our common stock in the
public market or otherwise, including sales pursuant to two effective Form S-3 Registration Statements and prospectuses, dated, respectively,
December 1, 2023, (the &ldquo;AJP Registration Statement&rdquo;) and September 16, 2024 (the &ldquo;Liu Registration Statement&rdquo;)
or the perception that such sales could occur, could reduce the prevailing market price of shares of our common stock and increase the
volatility of our share price. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to
    sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to
    comply with the Nasdaq listing standards with regard to the minimum bid price of our common stock.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Resales
of our common stock may cause the market price of our securities to drop significantly.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the filing date of this prospectus:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares
    registered by the AJP Registration Statement represent approximately 33% of the outstanding shares of our common stock and approximately
    51% of our public float; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares
    registered by the Liu Registration Statement (assuming the exercise of the entirety of the Warrants) represent approximately 10%
    of the outstanding shares of our common stock and approximately 16% of our public float.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Until
such time that these registration statements are no longer effective, they will permit the resale of the registered shares. As such,
sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could occur at any time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
quarterly results may vary significantly from period to period, which could make our future results difficult to predict and could cause
our operating results to fall below investor, analyst, or our expectations.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
quarterly results and, in particular, our revenue, gross margins, operating expenses, operating margins and net income (loss), have historically
varied significantly from period to period and may continue to do so in the future. As a result, comparing our operating results on a
period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. Our budgeted expense levels are based, in large part, on our expectations of future revenue
and the development efforts associated with that future revenue. Due to our smaller scale compared to many of our customers, we are particularly
vulnerable to the impacts of changes in these customers&rsquo; order forecasts. Consequently, if our revenue does not meet projected
levels in the short term, our inventory levels, cost of revenues and operating expenses would be high relative to revenue, resulting
in potential operating losses. If our revenue or operating results do not meet the expectations of investors, the price of our common
stock may decline substantially.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Factors
that may contribute to fluctuations in our quarterly results, many of which are outside our control and may be difficult to predict,
include:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">fluctuations
    in demand, sales cycles and prices for products and services, including discounts given in response to competitive pricing pressures
    or to secure long-term customer relationships, as well as the timing of purchases by our key customers;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">fluctuations
    in our customer, product or geographic mix, including the impact of new customer deployments, which typically carry lower gross margins,
    customer consolidation, which may affect our ability to grow revenue, and products powered by our next-generation technologies, which
    initially tend to be lower margin due to higher per unit production costs and greater variability in production yields;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    timing, market acceptance and rate of adoption of our new product releases and our competitors&rsquo; new product releases;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to manage manufacturing costs, maintain or improve quality, and increase volumes and yields on products;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to successfully restructure or transform our operations within our anticipated time frame and realize our anticipated savings;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    price, quality and timing of delivery of key components from suppliers, including any shipping cost increases or delays in the supply
    of components, as well as impacts due to consolidations amongst our suppliers;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">order
    cancellations, reductions or delays in delivery schedules by our customers;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
    delay in collecting or failure to collect accounts receivable;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to control costs, including our operating expenses and the costs and availability of components we purchase for our products;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
    significant changes in the competitive dynamics of the markets we serve, including any new entrants, new technologies, or customer
    or competitor consolidation, as well as aggressive pricing tactics by our competitors;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to manage inventory while timely meeting customer demand and avoiding charges for excess or obsolete inventory;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    availability of third-party service partners to provide contract development and manufacturing services for us;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    timing of revenue recognition and revenue deferrals;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
    future changes in U.S. GAAP or new interpretations of existing accounting rules;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    impact of a significant natural disaster, as well as interruptions or shortages in the supply of utilities such as water and electricity;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">general
    economic and political conditions in domestic and international markets, and other factors beyond our control; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">additional
    developments regarding our intellectual property portfolio and regulatory exclusivity protections, if any.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
financial and operational projections that we may provide from time to time are subject to inherent risks.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
projections and timelines that our management may provide from time to time (including with respect to financial or operational matters
and the expansion of our product portfolio and business lines) reflect numerous assumptions made by our management with respect to our
specific, as well as general business, economic, market and financial conditions, including our ability to correctly assess the demand
to such products from different consumers and other matters, all of which may be difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our
control.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accordingly,
there is a risk that the assumptions made in preparing the projections, or the projections themselves, will prove inaccurate or that
our organic growth and expansion may be curtailed. You should be prepared for differences between actual and projected results from time
to time. Our future actual results may be materially different from those contained in our projections, both as to amounts and as to
timing. The inclusion of projections or timelines in our Annual Report on Form 10-K or any other filings we make with the SEC or otherwise
communicated to investors by us should not be regarded as an indication that we or our management or representatives considered or consider
such projections and timelines to be a reliable prediction of future events, and the projections and timelines should not be relied upon
as such.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Some
provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may delay or prevent a change in control and may discourage
bids for our common stock at a premium over its market price.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide for, among other things:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    authorization of undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without stockholder
    approval;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">advance
    notice requirements for stockholder proposals; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">certain
    limitations on convening special stockholder meetings.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
anti-takeover defenses could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our company. These provisions
could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and
to cause us to take other corporate actions than you desire.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Additionally,
we are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (&ldquo;DGCL&rdquo;), which prohibit
a publicly-held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder, generally a person which
together with its affiliates owns, or within the last three years has owned, 15% of our voting stock, for a period of three years after
the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed
manner. These provisions of DGCL may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control, and may discourage bids
for our common stock at a premium over its market price.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive
forum for certain stockholder litigation matters and the U.S. federal district courts as the exclusive forum for the resolution of any
complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, which could limit our stockholders&rsquo; ability to obtain a
favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum,
the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be the sole and exclusive forum
for the following types of actions or proceedings under Delaware statutory or common law: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought
on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, employees, agents
or trustees to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us or any director or officer or other employee of
ours arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our bylaws or (iv) any action
asserting a claim against us or any director or officer or other employee of ours that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine,
in each such case subject to such Court of Chancery having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants therein.
Our certificate of incorporation also provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal
district courts of the United States shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution
of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. However, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent
jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the
rules and regulations thereunder; accordingly, we cannot be certain that a court would enforce such provision. Our certificate of incorporation
further provides that any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock is deemed to
have notice of and consented to the provisions of our certificate of incorporation described above; however, our stockholders will not
be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. The forum selection
provisions in our certificate of incorporation may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against us or our directors and officers
and may limit our shareholders&rsquo; ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us. If the enforceability of our
forum selection provision were to be challenged, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such a challenge. While we currently
have no basis to expect any such challenge would be successful, if a court were to find our forum selection provision to be inapplicable
or unenforceable, we may incur additional costs associated with having to litigate in other jurisdictions, which could have an adverse
effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our employees,
management and the board of directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
market price of our common stock is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate or decline, resulting in substantial loss of your investment.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
market price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to, among other things, the factors described in this
&ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; section or otherwise, and other factors beyond our control, such as fluctuations in the valuations of companies
perceived by investors to be comparable to us.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furthermore,
the stock markets have experienced price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity
securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those
companies. These broad market fluctuations, as well as general economic, systemic, political, and market conditions, such as recessions,
interest rate changes, or international currency fluctuations, may negatively affect the market price of our common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
trading price of our common stock is likely to be volatile and subject to wide price fluctuations in response to various factors, including:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">market
    conditions in the broader stock market in general, or in our industry in particular;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">actual
    or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial and operating results;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">introduction
    of new products and services by us or our competitors;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">sales,
    or anticipated sales, of large blocks of our stock;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">issuance
    of new or changed securities analysts&rsquo; reports or recommendations;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">failure
    of industry or securities analysts to maintain coverage of our company, changes in financial estimates by any industry or securities
    analysts that follow our company, or our failure to meet such estimates;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">additions
    or departures of key personnel;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">regulatory
    or political developments;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">changes
    in accounting principles or methodologies;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">acquisitions
    by us or by our competitors;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">litigation
    and governmental investigations; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">economic,
    political, and geopolitical conditions or events.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
and other factors may cause the market price and demand for our common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors
from readily selling their shares of common stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock. In addition,
in the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have often instituted securities class action
litigation against the company that issued the stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">General
Risk Factors</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Natural
or man-made disasters and other similar events may significantly disrupt our business, and negatively impact our operating results and
financial condition.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
of our facilities may be harmed or rendered inoperable by natural or man-made disasters, including earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes,
wildfires, floods, nuclear disasters, acts of terrorism or other criminal activities, infectious disease outbreaks, and power outages,
which may render it difficult or impossible for us to operate our business for some period of time. Any disruptions in our operations
could negatively impact our business and operating results and harm our reputation. In addition, we may not carry business insurance
or may not carry sufficient business insurance to compensate for losses that may occur. Any such losses or damages could have a significant
adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the facilities of significant vendors may be
harmed or rendered inoperable by such natural or man-made disasters, which may cause disruptions, difficulties or significant adverse
impact on our business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
operations and performance depend significantly on global and regional economic conditions and adverse economic conditions can materially
adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are highly susceptible to the global supply chain and any disruptions. The majority of our suppliers and manufacturing facilities are
located outside the U.S. As a result, the Company&rsquo;s operations and performance depend significantly on global and regional economic
conditions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Adverse
macroeconomic conditions, including inflation or recession, new or increased tariffs and other barriers to trade, changes to the U.S.
fiscal and monetary policy, tighter credit, higher interest rates, high unemployment, currency fluctuations, changes in the volume and
relative mix of U.S. government spending, international disputes, geopolitical tensions, and conflict can adversely impact consumer confidence
and spending and materially adversely affect demand for our products and services. In addition, consumer confidence and spending can
be materially adversely affected in response to financial market volatility, negative financial news, declines in income or asset values,
energy shortages and cost increases, labor and healthcare costs, and other economic factors. Besides an adverse impact on demand for
our products, uncertainty about, or a decline in, global or regional economic conditions can have a significant impact on our counteragents
including customers, suppliers, contract manufacturers, logistics providers, cellular network carriers, and channel partners.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
and other economic factors can materially adversely affect the Company&rsquo;s business, results of operations, financial condition,
and stock price.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Economic
uncertainties or downturns, or political changes, could limit the availability of funds to our customers and potential customers, which
could significantly adversely impact our business.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Current
or future economic uncertainties or downturns could adversely impact our business and operating results. Negative conditions in the general
economy both in the United States and abroad, including conditions resulting from changes in gross domestic product growth, financial
and credit market fluctuations, political deadlock, natural catastrophes, infectious disease outbreaks, geopolitical tensions and warfare
and terrorist attacks in North America, Europe, the Asia Pacific region or elsewhere, could cause a decrease in funds available to our
customers and potential customers and negatively affect the growth rate of our business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
economic conditions may make it extremely difficult for our customers and us to forecast and plan future budgetary decisions or business
activities accurately, and they could cause our customers to reevaluate their decisions to purchase our solutions, which could delay
and lengthen our sales cycles or result in cancellations of planned purchases. Furthermore, during challenging economic times or as a
result of political changes, our customers may tighten their budgets and face constraints in gaining timely access to sufficient funding
or other credit, which could result in an impairment of their ability to make timely payments to us. In turn, we may be required to increase
our allowance for doubtful accounts, which would adversely impact our financial results.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
cannot predict the timing, magnitude or duration of any economic slowdown, instability or recovery, generally or within any particular
industry, or the impact of political changes. If the economic conditions of the general economy or industries in which we operate worsen
from present levels, or if recent political changes result in less funding being available to purchase our solutions, our business, operating
results and financial condition could be adversely impacted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Foreign
currency fluctuations may reduce our competitiveness and sales in foreign markets.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
relative change in currency values creates fluctuations in product pricing for international customers. These changes in foreign end-customer
costs may result in lost orders and reduce the competitiveness of our products in certain foreign markets. These changes may also negatively
impact the financial condition of some foreign customers and reduce or eliminate their future orders of our products. In addition, a
significant portion of our research and development expenditure takes place in China and India. Fluctuations in the currency values of
those countries could negatively impact our operating expenses.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="where_007"></A>Use
of Proceeds</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting placement agent and commissions and estimated offering
expenses payable by us, will be approximately $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
million. Additionally, because this is a &ldquo;best efforts&rdquo; offering and there is no minimum offering amount required
as a condition to the closing of this offering, the actual offering amount, the placement agent&rsquo;s fees and net proceeds to us are
not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. As a
result, we may receive significantly less in net proceeds. Based on the assumed offering price set forth above, we estimate that our net
proceeds from the sale of 75%, 50%, and 25% of the securities offered in this offering would be approximately $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] million, $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]million,
and $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] million, respectively, after deducting the estimated placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
intend to use the net proceeds for our operations, including the purchase of life settlement policies, supporting our overall business
strategy, working capital purposes and general corporate purposes, which may include repayment and refinancing of our indebtedness. We
have not yet determined the manner in which we will allocate the net proceeds from this offering, and as a result, management will have
broad discretion in the allocation and use of the net proceeds. We may temporarily invest the net proceeds from this offering in cash
and cash equivalents or short-term marketable securities until they are used for their stated purpose.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company reserves the right to change the use of proceeds, provided that such reservation is due to certain contingencies that are discussed
specifically and the alternatives to such use in that event are indicated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="where_008"></A>Dilution</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
you invest in our common stock, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the price per share you pay in
this offering and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering. Dilution with respect to
net tangible book value per share represents the difference between the amount per share paid by purchasers of shares of common stock
in this offering and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
net tangible book value of our common stock as of December 31, 2024 was approximately $(5,700,000.00), or approximately $(1.14) per share
of common stock based upon 4,983,868 shares outstanding as of such date. Net tangible book value per share is equal to our total tangible
assets, less our total liabilities, divided by the total number of shares outstanding as of December 31, 2024.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
giving effect to the sale of our common stock in the aggregate amount of $[XX] at the public offering price of $[XX] per share and after
deducting offering commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us, our net tangible book value as of December 31,
2024 would have been approximately $[XX] million, or $[XX] per share of common stock. This represents an immediate [increase (decrease)]
in net tangible book value of $[XX] per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate [dilution (accretion)] in net tangible book
value of $[XX] per share to new investors in this offering at the assumed public offering price.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table illustrates this calculation on a per share basis:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 64%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Public
    offering price per share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; width: 14%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[XX]</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
    tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2024</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1.14)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Increase
    (decrease) in net tangible book value per share attributable to the offering</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[XX]</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
    adjusted net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2024 after giving effect to the offering</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[XX]</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dilution
    (Accretion) in net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[XX]</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering for the purpose of the above discussion and table
is based on 4,983,868 shares of our common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2024, and excludes, as of such date:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">350,000
    shares</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> of common stock issuable upon the exercise
    of outstanding warrants;</FONT></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> 755,494 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise
    of outstanding options;</TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> 67,962 shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting
    of outstanding restricted stock units issued under the EIP; and</TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">404,047</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
    shares of common stock that remain available for future equity grants under the EIP.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
the extent that options or warrants have been or are exercised, or other shares are issued, investors purchasing shares in this offering
could experience further dilution. In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations,
even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. To the extent that additional capital is raised
through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of these securities could result in further dilution to our stockholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="where_009"></A>Capitalization</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.25in"> The following table sets forth our cash and
cash equivalents and capitalization as of December 31, 2024: </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> &nbsp; </p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">on an actual basis; </font> </td></tr>

<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">on a pro forma basis to
    give effect to (a) the issuance of 3,472,297 shares of common stock issued under the At-The-Market stock sale program (the &ldquo;ATM&rdquo;)
    and the receipt of net proceeds of $8.2 million in the aggregate therefrom, (b) the issuance of a Promissory Note (the &ldquo;Note&rdquo;)
    with original principal of $3.3 million and aggregate debt discount and debt issuance costs of $0.5 million and the receipt of net
    proceeds of $2.8 million therefrom, (c) a $6.3 million non-cash reduction in the customer allowance liability and the reversal of
    the related contra-revenue, (d) the payment of certain current liabilities with the cash received from the aforementioned proceeds
    received, and (e) certain other miscellaneous activities of the company&nbsp;; and</font> </td></tr>

<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">on a pro forma as adjusted
    basis to give further effect to the issuance and sale of shares of our common stock in this offering at an assumed public offering
    price of $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] per share, which is the last reported sale price for our
    common stock on Nasdaq on April [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], 2025, after deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering
    expenses payable by us, and assuming no sale of pre-funded warrants. </font> </td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> &nbsp; </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.25in"> Our capitalization following the closing of
this offering will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. You
should read this table in conjunction with &ldquo;<A HREF="#where_011">Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations</A>&rdquo;
and our financial statements and related notes incorporated by reference into this prospectus. </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> &nbsp; </p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td> &nbsp; </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"> Actual </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> &nbsp; </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"> Pro Forma </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> &nbsp; </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"> Pro Forma<br> As Adjusted </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td> &nbsp; </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> (in thousands) </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 46%; text-align: left"> Cash and cash equivalents </td><td style="width: 2%"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> $ </td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"> 5,343 </td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="width: 2%"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> $ </td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"> 4,464 </td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="width: 2%"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> $ </td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left"> Accounts payable </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> 22,848 </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> 17,246 </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"> Accrued liabilities </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> 20,892 </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> 15,017 </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"> Note, net of debt discount and debt issuance costs </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &ndash; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> 2,790 </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"> Stockholders&rsquo; equity: </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"> Common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized: and
    4,983,868 and 4,426,867 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively*; 8,456,165 shares issued and outstanding
    pro forma </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> 5 </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> 8 </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"> Additional paid-in capital </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> 277,903 </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> 286,117 </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"> Accumulated deficit </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> (283,608 </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> ) </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> (283,162 </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> ) </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"> Total stockholders&rsquo; equity </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> (5,700 </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> ) </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> 2,963 </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><td style="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> Total capitalization </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> $ </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"> (5,700 </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> ) </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> $ </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"> 2,963 </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> $ </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">(1)</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">An $0.25 increase or decrease in the assumed
    public offering price of $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] per share, which is the last reported sale
    price of our common stock on Nasdaq on April [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], 2025, would increase or decrease, respectively, our
    pro forma as adjusted cash and cash equivalents, additional paid-in capital, total stockholders&rsquo; equity, and total capitalization
    by approximately $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] million, assuming the number of securities offered by us, as set forth on the
    cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, assuming no sale of any pre-funded warrants, and after deducting underwriting discounts
    and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of securities to be issued
    in this offering. An increase or decrease of [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] in the number of shares
    of common stock offered by us would increase or decrease, respectively, our pro forma as adjusted cash and cash equivalents, additional
    paid-in capital, total stockholders&rsquo; equity, and total capitalization by $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]
    million, assuming that the assumed public offering price remains the same, assuming no sale of any pre-funded warrants, and after
    deducting estimated placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The information discussed above is illustrative
    only and will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering as determined between us, the
    placement agent, and the investors at pricing. </font> </td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> &nbsp; </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.25in"> The following table sets forth our cash and
cash equivalents and capitalization as of December 31, 2024: </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> &nbsp; </p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">on an actual basis; </font> </td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.25in"> &nbsp; </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.25in"> The number of shares of our common stock to
be outstanding after this offering is based on 4,983,868 shares of our common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and excludes: </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> &nbsp; </p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">350,000 shares of common stock issuable upon
    the exercise of outstanding warrants;</font> </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">755,494 shares of common stock issuable upon
    the exercise of outstanding options;</font> </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">67,962 shares of common stock issuable upon
    the vesting of outstanding restricted stock units issued under the EIP; and</font> </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</font> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <font style="font-size: 10pt">404,047 shares of common stock that remain
    available for future equity grants under the EIP.</font> </td></tr>
  </table>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="where_010"></A>Market
Information For Common Stock</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Market
Information</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
common stock is currently listed on Nasdaq under the symbol &ldquo;SONM&rdquo;.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of April 16, 2025 the Company had 8,460,426 shares of common stock outstanding held of record by 81 holders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="SL_014"></A>Dividend
Policy</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> not paid any cash dividends on its common stock
to date. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent upon the Company&rsquo;s revenues and earnings, if any, capital
requirements and general financial condition, as well as the applicable provisions of the certificate of incorporation, the amended
and restated bylaws of the Company, and applicable law. The payment of any cash dividends will be within the discretion of the
Company&rsquo;s board of directors at such time. The Company&rsquo;s ability to declare dividends will also be limited by restrictive
covenants pursuant to any debt financing agreements. In addition, the Company&rsquo;s board of directors is not currently contemplating
and does not anticipate declaring any stock dividends in the foreseeable future.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="where_011"></A>Management&rsquo;s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>The
following discussion and analysis provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of the
Company&rsquo;s financial condition and results of operations. This discussion should be read in </I>conjunction <I>with the Company&rsquo;s
financial statements and related notes thereto that appear elsewhere in this Form S-1.  As a result of many factors, including those factors set forth in the &ldquo;<A HREF="#where_004">Risk Factors</A>&rdquo; section of this prospectus, our actual results could differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis. </I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Company
Overview</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sonim
Technologies, based in the United States, is a leading provider of enterprise 5G solutions, offering a robust portfolio that includes
rugged handsets, smartphones, wireless internet devices, software, services, and accessories. These products are engineered for reliable
communication in challenging and unpredictable environments, serving sectors such as critical communications, first responders, government,
industrial, construction, hospitality, and logistics. We currently have products available at all three U.S. Tier-one carriers &ndash;
AT&amp;T, T-Mobile and Verizon as well as the three primary carriers in Canada &ndash; Bell, Telus and Rogers, and Telstra in Australia.
These carriers then resell our products, along with network services, to end customers focusing on two primary end markets: industrial
enterprise and public sector. We also sell our products through distributors and resellers in various markets, including Europe and South
Africa.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
2023, Sonim announced a strategic expansion initiative, focusing on broadening its market reach with new products, geographical markets,
and customer segments including enterprise, small and medium business, and prosumers. This strategy is underpinned by a strong emphasis
on execution. We have introduced new product categories: Connected Solutions featuring wireless internet products, a next-generation
rugged smartphone, and a new range of mid and low-tier professional rugged phones, all boasting IP ratings, MIL-STD-810H standards, and
elements of Sonim&rsquo;s RPS, highlighting our value proposition to target markets.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
the second half of 2024 and through the filing date of this prospectus, Sonim launched the following products:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sonim
    H500-series of 5G mobile hotspots available through Verizon, UScellular, and Bell in North America;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sonim
    H700, the world&rsquo;s first 5G Release 17 and Wi-Fi 7 rugged mobile hotspot, available through Telstra in Australia;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sonim
    H100 4G mobile hotspot available through Telia Finland and distribution partners in Europe;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XP100
    4G and XP400 5G professional rugged phones available through Deutsche Telekom in Germany and distribution partners in Europe and
    South Africa;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XP
    Pro 5G rugged smartphone available through Verizon in the United States; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XP3plus
    5G rugged flip phone available through T-Mobile and certified for T-Priority.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Additionally,
the XP10 is now available through our distribution partners in EMEA and Australia. Most of these products are supported by the SonimWare
platform and enterprise services. In the first quarter of 2025, the XP Pro 5G and H500 5G each received Verizon Frontline certification.
In the first quarter of 2025 we also announced the upcoming launch and availability of the XP Pro Thermal 5G smartphone for Europe which
includes an SDK-enabled Sonim IRIS software for custom application development and an integrated thermal camera by FLIR&reg; that benefits
a number of vertical trades such as electricians, plumbers, public safety, construction, agriculture, amongst others.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Geographic
market expansion continues with agreements and product availability through new distribution partners in Europe and South Africa, catering
to carrier, reseller, and enterprise sales channels. New partners include TCCM, Brodos, Modino, Ingram Micro, and Cernotech, which bolster
our presence in these regions. This strategic alignment supports our commitment to offering reliable solutions and expanding our customer
base.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
the first half of 2024, the Company was in a transition period, phasing out low margin white label products and commencing selling new
products through our carrier channels. Our strategy of moving away from the white label business was accelerated when our manufacturing
partners had difficulty maintaining production of our white label products. Revenue in 2024 decreased compared to 2023 due to this transition
away from white label products. However, with the launch of new products in the fourth quarter of 2024 and in the first half of 2025,
we anticipate significant revenue growth and improved profitability in 2025.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">With
the primary sales channels in the U.S. and Canada consisting of large wireless carriers, the Company&rsquo;s customer base is highly
concentrated. For the year ended December 31, 2024, wireless carriers contributed 75% of our total net revenues, with our top three carrier
customers accounting for 62% of our total net revenues. Our rugged smartphones represented 45% of our total net revenues, while feature
phones were 35% of our total net revenues, white label products (related party revenue) were 13% of our total net revenues, and connected
solutions were 6% of our total net revenues.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
alignment with Sonim Technologies&rsquo; commitment to quality, reliability, and regulatory compliance, we have prioritized our Trade
Agreements Act (&ldquo;TAA&rdquo;) initiatives. TAA compliance is crucial in enhancing our market strategy, particularly in expanding
opportunities within government and enterprise markets, which demand stringent adherence to regulatory standards. By ensuring our products
meet TAA requirements, we reinforce our position as a trusted provider of enterprise 5G solutions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
initiative underscores our dedication to delivering products that not only meet industry-leading standards but also comply with U.S.
federal procurement regulations, thereby enhancing our competitiveness in securing government contracts.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Looking
ahead, Sonim is focused on bringing our new products and solutions offering to our expanded portfolio throughout 2025.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Recent
Developments</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Recent
Product Awards</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">The
first step in selling our products through wireless telecommunications carriers is to receive a product award from the carrier. The award
documents the intent of the carrier to carry the proposed product and offer it to customers through their stores or online. The carrier
and Sonim agree to a launch date that is generally nine months or longer from the date of the product award. After the product award,
the Company and its partners complete the design that includes the unique specifications from the carrier, test the device, obtain certification
from the carrier to sell the device, and begin full scale manufacturing of the product based on purchase orders issued by the carrier.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">As
of the filing date of this prospectus, Sonim is completing the development, testing and certification of new products that it expects
to launch with various carriers in 2025.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Reverse
Stock Split</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">On
July 17, 2024, the Company effected a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding common stock (the &ldquo;Reverse Stock
Split&rdquo;). Our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market on a post-split basis on July 18, 2024. As a result of the
Reverse Stock Split, each share of common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to July 18, 2024, was automatically converted
into one-tenth (1/10) of a share of common stock. The Reverse Stock Split affected all common stockholders uniformly and did not alter
any stockholder&rsquo;s percentage interest in the Company&rsquo;s equity, except to the extent that the Reverse Stock Split would result
in a stockholder owning a fractional share. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Stockholders
who otherwise would be entitled to receive a fractional share instead were entitled to receive one whole share in lieu of such fractional
share.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">The
Reverse Stock Split did not change the par value of the common stock or the authorized number of shares of common stock. All outstanding
stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants entitling their holders to purchase or obtain or convert into shares of our common
stock were adjusted, as required by the terms of these securities. All common share and per-share amounts in this prospectus have been
retroactively restated to reflect the effect of the Reverse Stock Split.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Equity
Financing</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">On
April 29, 2024, we consummated a private placement with a single investor and sold 350,000 shares of our common stock (as adjusted for
the Reverse Stock Split) and warrants to purchase up to 350,000 shares of our common stock for an exercise price of $11.00 per share
(as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split) for an aggregate purchase price of $3.85 million. We used the net proceeds from the private
placement for working capital and general corporate purposes. The shares of our common stock sold in the private placement (including
those underlying the warrants) are subject to registration rights and may not be transferred or sold until 180 days after the closing,
or &lrm;&lrm;October&lrm; &lrm;29&lrm;, &lrm;2024, subject to customary limited exceptions.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>ATM
Offering</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">On
August 6, 2024, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the &ldquo;Sales Agreement&rdquo;) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (&ldquo;Roth&rdquo;).
Pursuant to the Sales Agreement, the Company may sell, at its option, up to an aggregate of $8.9 million in shares of common stock through
Roth, as sales agent. Sales of shares of our common stock made pursuant to the Sales Agreement are being made under the effective Registration
Statement on Form S-3. Roth is entitled to compensation at a commission rate of 3% of the gross sales price per share. For additional
information, refer to Note 7-Stockholders&rsquo; Equity to the consolidated financial statements contained within this prospectus under
the title &ldquo;ATM Offering.&rdquo;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">During
the year ended December 31, 2024, a total of 138,988 shares of common stock were sold under the Sales Agreement for net proceeds of $0.4
million after payment of commission fees and other related expenses of $18,000. Subsequent to December 31, 2024 and through the date
of this prospectus, a total of 3,472,297 shares of common stock were sold under the Sales Agreement for net proceeds of $8.2 million
after payment of commission fees and other related expenses of $0.3 million. As of the date of this prospectus, our ATM program is virtually
exhausted with approximately $0.01 million available for sale.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Receivables
Financing Agreement</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">To
improve its liquidity during seasonally high working capital periods, on September 23, 2024, the Company entered into an invoice purchase
agreement (the &ldquo;Receivables Financing Agreement&rdquo;) with LS DE LLC (&ldquo;LS&rdquo;), pursuant to which LS will provide receivables
factoring to the Company, pursuant to which LS will advance 80% of the face value of the receivables being sold by the Company, up to
a maximum of $2.5 million of eligible customer invoices from the Company. As of December 31, 2024, there was $0.6 million outstanding
under the Receivables Financing Agreement, which is included in Accrued Liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For additional
information, refer to Note 1-The Company and Its Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements contained within
this prospectus under the title &ldquo;Receivables Financing Agreement.&rdquo;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Impairment
of Contract Fulfillment Assets</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">The
non-recurring costs associated with design and development of new products for technical approval represent costs to fulfill a contract
pursuant to ASC 340-40, <I>Other Assets and Deferred Costs.</I> Accordingly, the Company capitalizes these contract fulfillment costs
and amortizes such costs over the estimated period of time that the product will be sold, which is typically three to four years. As
of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net contract fulfillment assets were $6.4 million and $9.2 million, respectively.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">If
the Company determines that such contract fulfillment costs are not expected to be recovered, it records an impairment in the period
such determination is made. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded an impairment of contract fulfillment assets
of $6.5 million, $3.0 million of which is included in cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, due to a decrease
in projected profit of certain hotspots products, the cancellation of a consumer durable product, and the projected end of life of legacy
products as newer products are scheduled to launch. The consumer durable product was cancelled because higher than anticipated manufacturing
costs eliminated the expected profit margin on the product.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; background-color: white"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Macroeconomic
Events</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">Worldwide
economic and political uncertainties and negative trends, including tariffs and increasing trade protectionism, inflation, tensions between
the U.S. and China, financial and credit market fluctuations, recession risks, labor shortages, supply chain disruptions, political election
cycles, changes in laws and interpretations of laws, changes in the volume and relative mix of U.S. government spending, cost-cutting
and efficiency initiatives and potential disruptions from international conflicts and acts of terrorism, have impacted and may continue
to impact our business and the business of our customers, while also disrupting sales channels and advertising and marketing activities.
See &ldquo;<A HREF="#where_004">Risk Factors</A>&rdquo; within this prospectus for further discussion of the possible impact of these factors and other
risks on our business.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Promissory
Note</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">On
February 21, 2025, we entered into a note purchase agreement (the &ldquo;Purchase Agreement&rdquo;) with an institutional lender pursuant
to which we issued and sold to the lender a promissory note in the original principal amount of $3.3 million (the &ldquo;Note&rdquo;).
Interest under the Note accrues at a rate of nine percent (9%) per annum. The Note matures &lrm;on &lrm;August&lrm; &lrm;21&lrm;, &lrm;2026.
Additionally, commencing six (6) months after the date of issuance of the Note and at any time thereafter until the Note is paid in full,
the lender will have the right to redeem up to $330,000 under the Note per calendar month. </FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Review
of the Company&rsquo;s Strategic Alternatives and Nomination of Alternative Slate of Directors</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">In
January 2025, Orbic North America, LLC (&ldquo;Orbic&rdquo;), an affiliate of our competitor currently engaged in intellectual property
litigation against Sonim, announced an &ldquo;agreement in principle&rdquo; with AJP Holding Company, LLC (&ldquo;AJP&rdquo;), our largest
stockholder, which is controlled by our director Jeffrey Wang, who beneficially owns approximately 23% of our common stock, to acquire
a portion of AJP&rsquo;s holdings. Orbic also entered into an irrevocable proxy agreement granting it control over all of AJP&rsquo;s
voting power. </FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; background-color: white"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">In
response, our board established a Special Committee consisting of independent directors to evaluate our strategic alternatives. Since
then, Orbic has submitted a purported nomination notice proposing an alternative slate of director candidates for the Company&rsquo;s
2025 annual meeting and issued a non-binding public offer to acquire all outstanding shares of our common stock for $4.00 per share.
The Special Committee is conducting a thorough evaluation of all proposals along with all viable strategic alternatives, including reasonable
hostile takeover defense measures, to determine the best outcome for our stockholders.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double"><I>Compliance
with Nasdaq Listing Rules</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: double">On
September 14, 2023, the Company received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Department (the &ldquo;Staff&rdquo;) of The Nasdaq
Stock Market, LLC (&ldquo;Nasdaq&rdquo;) notifying it that, because the bid price for its common stock had fallen below $1.00 per share
for 30 consecutive business days, the Company no longer complied with the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(a)(2) (the &ldquo;Bid Price Rule&rdquo;) for continued listing. On August 2, 2024, the Company received a letter from the Staff
notifying the Company that it had regained compliance with the Bid Price Rule.</FONT> </P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Key
Metrics</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
review a variety of key financial metrics to help us evaluate growth trends, establish budgets, measure the effectiveness of our business
strategies and assess operational efficiencies.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Units
Sold</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
smartphones include the XP10 model sold in 2024 and 2023, and our XP Pro and XP400 models sold in the fourth quarter of 2024. The number
of smartphone units sold during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 decreased by 17%, primarily because
2023 had higher sales of the XP10 after it was launched in November 2022. The number of white label products sold during the year ended
December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 decreased by 72% because white label products were sold throughout 2023 and sales
ended in the first quarter of 2024. Our feature phones include the XP3plus, and the XP5plus models sold in 2024 and 2023, and our XP100
model sold in the second half of 2024. The number of feature phone units sold during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the
same period in 2023 increased by 41%, primarily because 2024 had higher sales of the XP3plus and XP5plus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Set
forth below is units sold by product category (in thousands):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year Ended December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2024</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; text-align: justify">Smartphones</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right">58</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right">70</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Feature phones</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">97</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">69</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Connected solutions</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">17</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">White label products (including related party) and other</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">142</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">508</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total Units Sold</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">314</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">647</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Adjusted
EBITDA</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to our financial results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we believe the following non-GAAP and operational measures
are useful in evaluating our performance-related metrics.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Set
forth below is a reconciliation from net loss to Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year Ended December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2024</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; text-align: justify">Net loss</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right">(33,648</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right">(90</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify">Depreciation and amortization</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,557</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,206</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify">Stock-based compensation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,525</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,496</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify">Restructuring charges</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">514</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify">Impairment of contract fulfillment assets</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">6,484</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify">Interest expense</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">29</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">15</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Income taxes</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">226</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">374</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Adjusted EBITDA</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(21,313</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">4,001</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss adjusted to exclude the impact of stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization,
interest expense, income taxes, restructuring charges, and asset impairment charges. Adjusted EBITDA is a useful financial metric in
assessing our operating performance from period to period by excluding certain items that we believe are not representative of our core
business, such as certain material non-cash items and other adjustments, such as stock-based compensation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that Adjusted EBITDA, viewed in addition to, and not in lieu of, our reported GAAP results, provides useful information to investors
regarding our performance and overall results of operations for various reasons, including:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">non-cash
    equity grants made to employees at a certain price do not necessarily reflect the performance of our business at such time, and as
    such, stock-based compensation expense is not a key measure of our operating performance; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">non-cash
    depreciation and amortization, restructuring charges, and impairment of contract fulfillment assets are not considered a key measure
    of our operating performance.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
use Adjusted EBITDA:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">as
    a measure of operating performance;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">for
    planning purposes, including the preparation of budgets and forecasts;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to
    allocate resources to enhance the financial performance of our business;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to
    evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">in
    communications with our board of directors concerning our financial performance; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">as
    a consideration in determining compensation for certain key employees.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Adjusted
EBITDA has limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results
as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations include:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">it
    does not reflect all cash expenditures, future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">it
    does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, working capital needs;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">it
    does not reflect interest expense on our debt or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other
    companies in our industry may define and/or calculate this metric differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative
    measure.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Factors
Affecting Our Results of Operations</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that the growth and future success of our business depend on many factors. While these factors present significant opportunities
for our business, they also pose important challenges that we must successfully address to improve our results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Research
and Development</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that our performance is significantly dependent on the investments we make in research and development and that we must continue
to develop and introduce innovative new products on a two- to three-year cycle. Our partnerships with ODMs are expected to enable us
to shift between different types and numbers of devices under development while increasing the size of our internal team at a slower
pace than our growth in revenue. We incur research and development costs internally, primarily from the salary costs of our employees,
and externally through the use of ODMs for specific research and development projects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">While
the hardware design of our phones and connected devices is generally the same for all wireless carriers, each device must be configured
to conform to the requirements of each U.S. wireless carrier&rsquo;s network, resulting in higher development expenses as the number
of wireless carriers we sell through increases. In addition to the design and configuration costs, each device must undergo a multi-month
technical approval process at each carrier before it can be certified to be stocked at each carrier. The approval process for each device
for each carrier has historically cost between $0.5 million and $3 million. For certifications outside the U.S., there may be one certification
requirement for an entire country or region. Certification requirements for distributors vary by product and by region. We capitalize
these certification costs as contract fulfillment assets and amortize them over the estimated life of the product. Prior to the commencement
of development of a product for certification, we generally do not receive any purchase orders or commitments. Following a carrier&rsquo;s
review of product concepts, we may receive a product award letter from that carrier to move forward with the development and certification
process, at which time we may begin receiving advance purchase orders or commitments. Since the timing of when we seek technical approval
with our wireless carriers tends to be cyclical in nature, quarter-over-quarter expenditures may vary significantly depending on the
number of approvals in process during the quarter. If we fail to innovate and enhance our product offerings, our brand, market position
and revenues may be adversely affected. If our research and development efforts are not successful, then we will not recover these investments
that we make.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>New
Customer Acquisitions</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are focused on continuing to acquire new customers, in North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Australia, to support our long-term
growth. Historically, we have been dependent on a small number of North American wireless carriers to purchase our products. We have
invested, and expect to continue to invest, in our sales and marketing efforts to drive new customer acquisitions. We are currently pursuing
new customers in Europe and the Middle East to introduce our products. A key part of our strategy is to further expand our connected
solutions products. As a result, we expect our sales and marketing costs to increase as we seek to acquire new customers. Sales and marketing
investments will often occur in advance of any sales benefits from these activities, and it may be difficult for us to determine if we
are efficiently allocating our sales and marketing resources.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Seasonality and New Product Introduction</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We have historically experienced
lower net revenue in our first quarter compared to other quarters in our fiscal year due to seasonal demand associated with the introduction
of new products to our lead customers. New product introductions can significantly impact net revenue, gross profit and operating expenses.
The timing of product introductions can also impact our net revenue as our wireless carrier customers prepare for a new product launch,
and channel inventory of an older product often declines as the launch of a newer product approaches. Net revenue can also be affected
when consumers and distributors anticipate a new product introduction. However, neither historical seasonal patterns nor historical patterns
of product or service introductions should be considered reliable indicators of our future pattern of product or service introductions,
future net sales or financial performance.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Components of Our Results of Operations</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The following describes the line
items set forth in our consolidated statements of operations.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Revenues</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Revenues are recognized on the
date that the customer receives the products sold or when title is passed to the customer upon shipment. For products shipped on consignment,
revenue is not recognized until the products are sold to the end customer. Any discounts, marketing development funds, product returns
or other revenue reductions are treated as offsets to revenues, which is presented on a net basis. A return reserve reduces revenue for
products that are sold to distributors with a right of return. We have also historically entered into customer agreements with channel
partners that include a combination of products and non-recurring engineering services, or NRE services. When a customer agreement includes
NRE services which involve significant design modification and customization of the product software that is essential to the functionality
of the hardware, revenues are recognized as control transfers to the customer under Accounting Standards Codification (&ldquo;ASC&rdquo;)
606, <i>Revenue from Contracts with Customers</i>. All of our revenues are derived from a single segment. NRE services in 2024 and 2023
were less than 1% of our revenues.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company recognizes revenue
primarily from the sale of products, including our mobile phones, connected devices, and accessories, and most of the Company&rsquo;s
contracts include only one performance obligation, namely the delivery of the product. A performance obligation is a commitment in a contract
to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is defined as the unit of account for revenue recognition under ASC 606. The
Company also recognizes revenue from other contracts that may include a combination of products and NRE services or from the provision
of solely NRE services. Where there is a combination of products and NRE services, the Company accounts for the commitments as individual
performance obligations if they are both capable of being distinct and are distinct within the context of the contract.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our customer agreements with channel
partners set forth the terms pursuant to which our channel partners purchase our products for distribution on a purchase order basis.
While these arrangements are typically long term, they generally do not contain any firm purchase volume commitments. As a result, our
channel partners are not contractually obligated to purchase from us any minimum number of products. However, while our channel partners
provide us with demand forecasts under these sales arrangements, we are generally required to satisfy any and all purchase orders delivered
to us within specified delivery windows, with limited exceptions (such as orders significantly in excess of forecasts). Our sales arrangements
also generally include technical performance standards for our mobile phones and accessories sold, which vary by channel partner. If a
technical issue with any of our covered products exceeds certain preset failure thresholds for the relevant performance standard or standards,
the channel partner typically has the right to cease selling the product, cancel open purchase orders and levy certain monetary penalties.
In addition, our channel partners retain sole discretion in which of their stocked products to offer their customers.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We also offer our channel partners
channel marketing and other limited promotional incentives, such as sales volume incentives, in exchange for retail price reductions.
Under certain of our customer agreements, we may also offer NRE services in the form of third-party design services relating to the design
of materials and software licenses used in the manufacturing of our products.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">During the first half of 2024,
the Company was in a transition period, phasing out low margin white label products and commencing selling new products through our carrier
channels. Our strategy of moving away from the white label business was accelerated when our manufacturing partners had difficulty maintaining
production of our white label products. Revenue in 2024 decreased compared to 2023 due to this transition away from white label products.
However, with the launch of new products in the fourth quarter of 2024 and in the first half of 2025, we anticipate significant revenue
growth and improved profitability.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit/Gross Margin</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Cost of revenues for products manufactured by third
parties is the negotiated price that the Company pays for the products. Cost of revenues includes other direct costs related to the final
product to the customer, including such items as shipping costs, royalties on third-party technology included in the product, warranty
cost accruals, supply chain costs, logistics costs, and packaging and handling costs.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Amortization of NRE expenses and contract fulfillment
costs are part of cost of revenues. Gross profit is defined as revenues less cost of revenues. Gross margin is gross profit expressed
as a percentage of revenues. We expect that our gross margin may fluctuate from period to period, primarily because of changes in average
selling price, changes in the price that we pay for inventory, revenue mix among our devices, and shipping costs. In addition, we may
reserve against the value at which we carry our inventory based upon the device&rsquo;s lifecycle and conditions in the markets in which
we sell.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Operating Expenses</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">Our operating expenses consist of the following categories:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Research and development. Research and development
expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation and employee benefits,
as well as outsourced costs incurred through our ODM partnerships and other third parties. Research and development expenses include the
costs of developing new products and upgrading existing products. Research and development activities include the design of new products,
the refinement of existing products, and the design of test methodologies to ensure compliance with required specifications. We consider
costs associated with achieving technical acceptance with each product for each carrier to be a contract fulfillment cost that we capitalize.
We expect our research and development expenses to fluctuate over time as we experience the various product cycles of our devices.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Sales and marketing. Sales expenses consist primarily
of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation, commissions to sales representatives, travel costs
and employee benefits, as well as field support and customer training costs. Marketing expenses include all social media and collateral
print media, brand development expenses, and trade shows.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">General and administrative. General and administrative
expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation, travel costs and employee
benefits, as well as professional and consulting fees, legal fees, external audit fees, IT costs, and insurance costs.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Impairment of contract fulfillment assets. The non-recurring
costs associated with design and development of new products for technical approval represent costs to fulfill a contract pursuant to
ASC 340-40, <i>Other Assets and Deferred Costs.</i> Accordingly, the Company capitalizes these contract fulfillment costs and amortizes
such costs to costs of revenues over the estimated period of time that the product will be sold, which is typically three to four years.
If the Company determines that such contract fulfillment costs are not expected to be recovered prior to the launch of the product, it
records an impairment to operating expenses in the period such determination is made. If the Company determines that such contract fulfillment
costs are not expected to be recovered after the launch of the product, it records an impairment to cost of revenues in the period such
determination is made.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Restructuring. We have undertaken certain restructuring
activities and cost reduction initiatives in an effort to better align our organizational structure and costs with our strategy. Restructuring
charges consist of severance costs incurred in connection with the reduction of our workforce.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Income taxes. As part of the process of preparing
our consolidated financial statements we are required to estimate our taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. We account
for income taxes in accordance with the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized
based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities and the tax effects of net
operating loss and credit carryforwards using the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the periods of expected settlement. In addition,
this method requires a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than
not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Results of Operations</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The following tables present key components of our
results of operations for the respective periods (in thousands):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended December 31,</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024 vs 2023</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Increase</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>(Decrease)</b></p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">%</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 44%; text-align: left">Net revenues</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 10%; text-align: right">50,919</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 10%; text-align: right">93,632</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 10%; text-align: right">(42,713</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 10%; text-align: right">-46</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Related party net revenues</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">7,379</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">7,379</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">N/A</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Total net revenues</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">58,298</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">93,632</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">(35,334</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-38</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Cost of revenues</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">48,378</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">74,308</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(25,930</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-35</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Gross profit</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">9,920</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">19,324</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(9,404</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-49</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating expenses:</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Research and development</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">14,235</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,772</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">12,463</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">703</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Sales and marketing</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">12,962</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">8,768</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">4,194</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">48</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">General and administrative</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">12,384</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">8,271</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">4,113</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">50</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Impairment of contract fulfillment costs</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,464</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,464</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">N/A</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Restructuring charges</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">514</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">514</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">N/A</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total operating expenses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">43,559</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">18,811</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">24,748</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">132</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Net income (loss) from operations</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">(33,639</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">513</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">(34,152</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-6,657</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Interest expense</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">(29</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">(15</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">(14</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">93</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other income (expense), net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">246</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(214</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">460</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-215</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Net income (loss) before income taxes</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">(33,422</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">284</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">(33,706</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-11,868</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Income tax expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(226</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(374</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">148</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">-40</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Net loss</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(33,648</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(90</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(33,558</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">37,287</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Total net revenues. </i>Total net revenues for
the year ended December 31, 2024, decreased by $35.3 million compared to the same period in 2023 because 2023 included $44.8 million in
revenue from the white label tablets and the tablet sales ended in the fourth quarter of 2023. The Company had planned to exit the white
label business in 2024 but our strategy of moving away from the white label business was accelerated when our manufacturing partners had
difficulty maintaining production of our white label products. The year ended December 31, 2024, has been a transition period, marked
by the ending of our white label business and the start of the launches of our hotspots and new rugged smartphones. Revenue is expected
to increase in 2025 as we launch new products.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Cost of revenues</i>. Total cost of revenues for
the year ended December 31, 2024, decreased $25.9 million compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to the decrease in net revenues,
partially offset by a $3.0 million impairment of contract fulfillment assets included in cost of revenues in 2024. Cost of revenues as
a percentage of net revenue increased due to the $3.0 million impairment charge.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Gross profit and margin.</i> Gross profit for the
year ended December 31, 2024, decreased $9.4 million compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to a decrease in net revenues and
the $3.0 million impairment of contract fulfillment assets included in cost of revenues in 2024. Gross profit margin was negatively impacted
by this impairment charge.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Research and development.</i> Research and development
(&ldquo;R&amp;D&rdquo;) expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024, increased by $12.5 million compared to the same period in 2023
primarily due to increased spending on the new mobile hotspots and smartphones to prepare them for launch, as well as costs to upgrade
the operating system of our products. In 2024 R&amp;D expenses were for many products including the XP Pro phone, H500 mobile hotspot,
H700 premium mobile hotspot, the X100 phone, the X400 phone, a 5G upgrade for the XP3plus, and a 5G upgrade for the XP5plus. In 2025 we
expect to spend less on R&amp;D since we have or will complete upgrades of our legacy phones, and new products for the European market.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Sales and marketing.</i> Sales and marketing expenses
for the year ended December 31, 2024, increased by $4.2 million compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to an increase in marketing
spend to support new products in 2024 and the expansion of our sales team in Europe as we launch new products.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>General and administrative</i>. General and administrative
expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024, increased by $4.1 million compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to a $2.1 million
increase in the reserve for credit losses related to the trade receivable from a customer we sold tablets to in 2023, a $0.8 million increase
in personnel and consulting expenses, and a $0.8 million increase in legal, audit, and tax professional fees associated with an increase
in public company filing activity.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Impairment of contract fulfillment assets</i>.
Impairment of contract fulfillment assets for the year ended December 31, 2024, was $3.5 million, primarily resulting from the Company&rsquo;s
determination that it would not recover the contract fulfillment costs capitalized due to a decrease in projected profit for one of its
hotspots and the cancellation of the consumer durable phone product.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Restructuring charges</i>. Restructuring charges
for the year ended December 31, 2024, was $0.5 million, and consisted of severance costs incurred in connection with the reduction of
our workforce.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Interest expense. </i>Interest expense is less
than $0.1 million in both years because the Company had minimal debt.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Other income (expense), net.</i> Other income (expense),
net, increased by $0.5 million primarily because the Company recorded $0.7 million in other income related to an employee retention credit
payment received in 2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Income tax expense.</i> Income tax provision for
the year ended December 31, 2024, decreased $0.1 million compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to the Company&rsquo;s decrease
in foreign tax expense for its foreign subsidiaries in 2024 as compared to 2023.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Adjusted EBITDA.</i> Adjusted EBITDA was negative
$21.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This decrease was primarily
due to the same factors mentioned in the categories above.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Liquidity and Capital Resources</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Historically, we have funded operations from a combination
of public and private equity financings, convertible loans from existing investors and borrowings under loan agreements. As of December
31, 2024, we did not have any equity financing or convertible loans in place.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Currently, our principal source of liquidity consists
of cash and cash equivalents totaling $5.3 million as of December 31, 2024. Subsequent to December 31, 2024, we have received $3.7 million
in proceeds from the sale of equity through our at-the-market (&ldquo;ATM&rdquo;) program, as well as $3.0 million in proceeds from the
sale of a new note (see below). We may elect to sell up to $4.6 million in additional shares of common stock that are available for sale
under our ATM offering program, as described in detail under the title &ldquo;<i>ATM Offering</i>.&rdquo; We also have access to up to
$2.5 million under our Receivables Financing Agreement. We plan to continue to leverage multiple sources of liquidity to maintain flexibility
in regard to meeting our capital needs.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">On February 21, 2025, the Company entered into a note
purchase agreement (the &ldquo;Purchase Agreement&rdquo;) with Streeterville Capital, LLC (the &ldquo;Lender&rdquo;) pursuant to which
the Company issued and sold to the Lender a promissory note in the original principal amount of $3.3 million (the &ldquo;Note&rdquo;).
The Company received $3.0 million, net of the debt discount and transaction costs paid to the Lender.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">For the year ended December 31, 2024, we reported
a net loss of $33.7 million and used $8.5 million in operating cash flow. At December 31, 2024 our cash balance was $5.3 million. Additionally,
we have raised $6.7 million in capital since year-end, which we expect to be sufficient to offset operating losses and to fund the development
of new products over the next year. Increased revenue from new products is expected to further improve cash flow over the next year. We
expect to meet all obligations with existing cash and operating cash flow for a period of at least one year from the date of release of
the consolidated financial statements filed with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Cash Flows</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table summarizes our sources and uses
of cash for the periods presented (in thousands):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year Ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: justify">Net cash used in operating activities</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">(8,486</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">(4,052</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify">Net cash used in investing activities</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">(214</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">(36</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Net cash provided by financing activities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">4,646</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">272</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(4,054</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(3,816</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Cash flows from operating activities</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">For the year ended December 31, 2024, cash used in
operating activities was $8.5 million, primarily attributable to a net loss of $33.6 million, partially offset by non-cash charges of
$14.9 million and net cash provided by a change in net operating assets and liabilities of $10.3 million. Non-cash charges primarily consisted
of $3.6 million in depreciation and amortization, $1.5 million in stock-based compensation, $6.5 million in impairment of contract fulfillment
assets, and $2.3 million in the provision for credit loss. The change in net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to an
increase in accounts payable of $14.3 million primarily due to an increase in unpaid R&amp;D costs, and an increase in accrued liabilities
of $8.0 million primarily due to an increase in accrued customer allowances. These increases were partially offset by a $7.1 million increase
to contract fulfillment assets.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">For the year ended December 31, 2023, cash used in
operating activities was $4.1 million, primarily attributable to non-cash charges of $4.3 million and net cash used in a change in net
operating assets and liabilities of $8.3 million. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of $2.2 million in depreciation and amortization,
$1.5 million in stock-based compensation, and $0.4 million in payment for services with common stock. The change in net operating assets
and liabilities was primarily due to an increase in contract fulfillment assets due to the capitalization of certification costs, an increase
in accounts receivable due to the timing of sales at year-end, and an increase in inventory due to the timing of shipments at year-end,
partially offset by a decrease in non-trade receivables due to the timing of parts deliveries to our manufacturers.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Cash flows from investing activities</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there
were no significant investing activities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Cash flows from financing activities</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">For the year ended December 31, 2024, cash provided
by financing activities was $4.6 million, primarily due to $4.0 million in proceeds from an investor for the purchase of shares, as well
as ATM sales.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">For the year ended December 31, 2023, cash provided
by financing activities was $0.3 million, primarily due to $0.4 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options, partially offset
by $0.1 million for the repayment of debt.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Material Cash Requirements</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We had approximately $15.8 million
in noncancelable purchase orders for inventory and other operating expenses as of December 31, 2024. We anticipate the source of funds
to meet these obligations to be existing cash and future product sales.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our discussion and analysis of
financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Certain accounting policies and estimates are particularly
important to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations and require the application of significant judgment
by our management or can be materially affected by changes from period to period in economic factors or conditions that are outside of
our control. As a result, they are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. In applying these policies, management uses their judgment
to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of certain estimates. Those estimates are based on our historical
operations, our future business plans and projected financial results, the terms of existing contracts, our observance of trends in the
industry, information provided by our customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Contract Fulfillment Assets, Amortization and Impairment</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company determined that the
NRE technical approval costs and the NRE field test costs are contract fulfillment costs and recognizes the associated NRE asset as these
costs are incurred. The Company tracks the NRE assets by product and customer, then amortizes the NRE assets to cost of revenues over
a period of three to four years, which is management&rsquo;s estimated average product life for each model phone or connected device,
starting from the date of the first significant sales. The Company determined that all products launched in 2024 have a product life of
three years. If the Company determines that such contract fulfillment costs are not expected to be recovered, it records an impairment
in the period such determination is made.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">In November 2023, the FASB issued
ASU 2023-07, <i>Segment Reporting</i> (Topic 280): <i>Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures</i>. This ASU was issued to improve
reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This guidance applies
to all public entities that are required to report segment information in accordance with Topic 280, Segment Reporting. ASU 2023-07 is
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024.
The Company adopted this guidance in the fourth quarter of 2024 with additional disclosures included in the notes to the consolidated
financial statements.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"> <I>JOBS Act</I> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> We are a smaller reporting company meaning that the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates plus the proposed
aggregate amount of gross proceeds to us as a result of this offering is less than $700.0 million and our annual revenue was less than
$100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company after this offering if
either (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million or (ii) our annual revenue was less than $100.0
million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million.
To the extent we continue to qualify as a smaller reporting company after we cease to qualify as an emerging growth company, we will continue
to be permitted to make certain reduced disclosures in our periodic reports and other documents that we file with the SEC. Specifically,
as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in our Annual
Report on Form 10-K and, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding
executive compensation. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><a name="SL_001"></a>Business</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Overview</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Sonim Technologies, based in the
United States, is a leading provider of enterprise 5G solutions, offering a robust portfolio that includes rugged handsets, smartphones,
wireless internet devices, software, services, and accessories. Our products are engineered to deliver reliable communication in challenging
and unpredictable environments, serving sectors such as critical communications, first responders, government, industrial, construction,
hospitality, and logistics. We distribute our products primarily through major wireless carriers. We currently have products available
at all three U.S. Tier-one carriers &ndash; AT&amp;T, T-Mobile and Verizon as well as the three primary carriers in Canada &ndash; Bell,
Telus and Rogers, Telstra in Australia, and multiple carriers throughout Europe. These carriers resell our products, along with network
services, to end customers focusing on two primary-end markets: industrial enterprise and the public sector.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Sonim is executing a strategic
expansion initiative, focusing on broadening its market reach with new products, geographical footprint, and customer segments including
enterprise, small and medium business, and prosumers. This strategy is underpinned by a strong emphasis on execution. We have introduced
new product categories: Connected Solutions featuring wireless internet products, a next-generation rugged smartphone, and a new range
of mid and low-tier professional rugged phones, all boasting IP ratings, MIL-STD-810H standards, and elements of Sonim&rsquo;s Rugged
Performance Standards (&ldquo;RPS&rdquo;), highlighting our value proposition to target markets.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">During the second half of 2024
and through the filing date of this prospectus, Sonim launched the following products:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Sonim H500-series of 5G mobile hotspots available through Verizon, UScellular, and Bell in North America; </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Sonim H700, the world&rsquo;s first 5G Release 17 and Wi-Fi 7 rugged mobile hotspot, available through Telstra in Australia; </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Sonim H100 4G mobile hotspot available through Telia Finland and distribution partners in Europe;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XP100 4G and XP400 5G professional rugged phones available through Deutsche Telekom in Germany and distribution partners in Europe and South Africa; </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XP Pro 5G rugged smartphone available through Verizon in the United States; and</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XP3plus 5G rugged flip phone available through T-Mobile and certified for T-Priority.</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><font style="text-transform: uppercase"><b>&nbsp;</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Additionally, the XP10 is now available
through our distribution partners in EMEA and Australia. Most of these products are supported by the SonimWare platform and enterprise
services. In the first quarter of 2025, the XP Pro 5G and H500 5G each received Verizon Frontline certification. In the first quarter
of 2025 we also announced the upcoming launch and availability of the XP Pro Thermal 5G smartphone for Europe which includes an SDK-enabled
Sonim IRIS software for custom application development and an integrated thermal camera by FLIR&reg; that benefits a number of vertical
trades such as electricians, plumbers, public safety, construction, agriculture, amongst others.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Geographic market expansion continues
with agreements and product availability through new distribution partners in Europe and South Africa, catering to carrier, reseller,
and enterprise sales channels. New partners include TCCM, Brodos, Modino, Ingram Micro, and Cernotech, which bolster our presence in these
regions. This strategic alignment supports our commitment to offering reliable solutions and expanding our customer base.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">During the first half of 2024,
Sonim undertook a strategic shift away from low-margin white label products, a transition that was expedited due to manufacturing challenges
faced by our partners. This shift resulted in a decline in revenue for the year, with 2024 revenue totaling $58.3 million, compared to
$93.6 million in 2023. Our net loss for 2024 was $33.6 million, compared to $0.1 million in 2023. However, with the introduction of new
product lines in the fourth quarter of 2024 and in the first half of 2025, we anticipate a return to revenue growth and improved profitability
in 2025.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">With the primary sales channels
in the U.S. and Canada consisting of large wireless carriers, the Company&rsquo;s customer base is highly concentrated. For the year ended
December 31, 2024, wireless carriers contributed 75% of our total net revenues, with our top three carrier customers accounting for 62%
of our total net revenues. Our rugged smartphones represented 45% of our total net revenues, while feature phones were 35%, white label
products (related party revenue) were 13%, and connected solutions, including our mobile hotspots, were 6% of our total net revenues.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Sonim is committed to maintaining
the highest standards of quality, reliability, and regulatory compliance, with a particular focus on the Trade Agreements Act (&ldquo;TAA&rdquo;)
initiatives. TAA compliance is crucial in enhancing our market strategy, particularly in expanding opportunities within government and
enterprise markets, which demand stringent adherence to regulatory standards. By ensuring our products meet TAA requirements, we reinforce
our position as a trusted provider of enterprise 5G solutions.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">This initiative underscores our
dedication to delivering products that not only meet industry-leading standards but also comply with U.S. federal procurement regulations,
thereby enhancing our competitiveness in securing government contracts.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Looking ahead to 2025, Sonim is
focused on executing its growth strategy by bringing its expanded portfolio of rugged devices, connected solutions, and enterprise services
to its constantly increasing global customer base.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Our Products</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><u>Ruggedized Cell Phones</u></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Communication, data collection, productivity and safety
among task workers have always been central requirements in business-critical and mission-critical environments. Organizations with remote
and disparate workers&mdash;from police and firefighters to construction, oil rig, logistics and manufacturing workers&mdash;need an extremely
durable solution that provides reliable and secure voice, data and workflow applications. The global market for rugged devices continues
to grow, and we believe that the use of consumer phones in line-of-business applications provides an attractive market opportunity. Ruggedized
mobile phones are well suited for industrial enterprise and other critical infrastructure applications due to their durability and functionality
in a range of environments. Equipping workers with smarter mobile phones also helps enable more efficient communication with and between
field employees and enhances the information that decision-makers use to deploy resources within their organizations. The timing of our
growth into Europe and other areas outside of North America has accelerated due to the shutdown of a former competitor, Bullitt Group
Ltd. (&ldquo;Bullitt&rdquo;), in January 2024. We have expanded our sales force and increased our service infrastructure to serve customers
that were previously served by Bullitt.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><u>Connected Solutions Market</u></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Connected Solutions product portfolio includes
mobile hotspots and fixed wireless access (&ldquo;FWA&rdquo;) devices that connect to the internet through the 4G and 5G cellular networks.
Mobile operators receive data subscription revenue by providing these devices to their customers to access the internet. These devices
replace cable internet access and provide new access to rural areas. The market for these solutions continues to grow in North America
and in Europe. We created a division to design, develop and sell connected solutions devices. With competition exiting the carrier space
as well as non-competitively priced products in the market, Sonim believes that this space is a great opportunity for expansion. Sonim
has developed feature-rich devices that are competitively priced.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Key Features of Our Ruggedized Solutions</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><b><i>Durability and reliability. </i></b>Our mobile phones and connected solutions can withstand a variety of harsh environments and are supported by our industry-leading three-year comprehensive manufacturer&rsquo;s warranty, which includes damage from glass breakage, water, dust, and punctures. Key features of our rugged devices include the following, some of which apply only to phones, such as audio:</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><i>Puncture, shock, pressure and drop and impact resistance. </i>Durable rubber and Gorilla Glass construction to protect against damage from sharp objects, falls, vigorous movements and compression by heavy weights.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><i>Waterproof and dustproof construction. </i>Reinforced seals and waterproof mesh membranes to prevent potential damage caused by moisture and debris.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><i>Multi-shift battery life</i>. Replaceable battery designed to provide sufficient power to last through a dual eight-hour shift in most real-world conditions.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><i>Extra-loud audio</i>. Produces high sound quality at high volumes and uses noise cancellation technology for loud background noise environments.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><i>Glove-friendly design. </i>Screens and buttons responsive to touch through gloves and water.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><i>Operational in and resistant to extreme temperatures</i>. Protective exterior prevents damage to our devices&rsquo; hardware from very cold and hot temperatures.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><i>Chemical resistance. </i>Ability to effectively sterilize and sanitize, regardless of potential contaminants.</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><b><i>Increased communication and visibility through an enterprise.</i></b> Our solutions are used to track locations, update and manage various tasks and enable communication with and between task workers. For example, location tracking and data analytics enable fleet optimization, help enterprises make asset allocation and deployment decisions and ensure that fleets are at the right place at the right time. In addition, our solutions are specifically designed to capture, store and analyze multiple data types for enterprise needs, enabling them to make decisions. For example, by leveraging this data, task workers such as first responders can more strategically plan their logistics resulting in decreased response times. Finally, by providing a reliable mode of communication between employees, supervisors and command centers, those not in the field have crucial insight into the status and performance of task workers in the field. This can also result in improved safety for employees that work in high-risk environments.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><b><i>Enhanced functionality through software and hardware configurations.</i></b> Our solutions allow end customers and task workers to customize our mobile phones using Android-based applications and vertical-specific accessories to address their varying needs. Enterprises and agencies can leverage the millions of applications available on the Google Play Store, our dozens of device-specific Application Programing Interfaces (&ldquo;APIs&rdquo;), and our industrial accessories to create a purpose-built solution to meet the specific use cases of their task workers. For example, school bus operators can combine our ruggedized phones, an industrial mounting kit, a Push-To-Talk (&ldquo;PPT&rdquo;) application that leverages our APIs and a location-tracking application to ensure that they have a solution that enables constant communication with dispatchers that is compliant with the U.S. Department of Transportation&rsquo;s hands-free driving regulations and that can also automatically alert parents of route delays. The ability for enterprises and agencies to customize their solutions allows their task workers to use a single device for tasks that would previously require multiple and often more costly devices.</td></tr>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><b><i>Ease of use.</i></b> Our devices are designed to look and function similarly to the latest generation of consumer-focused mobile phones with additional features for various enterprise-specific purposes, and also run on the Android operating system which has a familiar and intuitive interface. They provide familiar characteristics to many single-purpose devices, such as dedicated physical buttons for PTT and barcode scanning and offer a simplified user interface, which helps minimize the learning curve for task workers who are transitioning from LMR or data capture devices. Furthermore, all of our mobile phones come equipped with our SonimWare software, which helps IT administrators more quickly provision and deploy our devices to task workers, reducing the cost and effort associated with converting to our solutions.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><b><i>Consolidation of devices.</i></b> A large number of devices can lead to excess bulk carried by task workers and can inhibit their mobility in the field. These specialized devices can also be expensive and typically require full replacement after end-of-life, which can be a cumbersome and costly process. By combining commonly used applications and functionality into one ruggedized device with the option for add-ons, enterprises can reduce the need for multiple, single-purpose devices. We believe that replacing outdated single-purpose devices with a Sonim device can enhance fleets&rsquo; mobility and economically streamline equipment updates or replacements.</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">As a result of these key attributes, we believe that
our ruggedized, purpose-built mobile solutions can increase the productivity of task workers and significantly reduce the total cost of
ownership for entities deploying our solutions.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Our Strategy</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>The three pillars of our go-forward strategy are
as follows:</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Enhance and expand our leadership position in rugged enterprise and public sector markets. Develop innovative products such as a smartphone with a built-in thermal camera that we expect to launch in the second half of 2025.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Approach the data device and connected solutions market with feature-rich devices that are affordably priced and leverage the Company&rsquo;s high-quality approach to product design and procurement. </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Expand into Australia, Europe and other international markets. Introduce products designed for the European and Australian market to distributors and carriers throughout Australia, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa.</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Our strategy includes the following:</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><b><i>Strategically grow the Company. </i></b>Continue to increase the competencies of the Company to develop new connected solutions and rugged products. Develop innovative products such as a new smartphone with a thermal camera. Continue our expansion into Europe and other markets.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>Invest in sales channel partnerships and build
    the Sonim brand to drive sales</i></b>. Our channel partners are leading global wireless carriers, distributors of data devices, communications
    system integrators and electronics resellers. These channel partners have large sales forces who sell our solutions to end customers in
    our target markets. They enable us to cost-effectively scale our business without employing a large direct sales force of our own. Our
    expansion into the connected solutions markets opens up opportunities with additional carrier partners globally.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Our Target Markets</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe that our solutions can improve communication
reliability, operational efficiency and safety for end customers and task workers in commercial sectors, public sectors, and for individual
retail customers. Our ruggedized mobility solutions target three end markets: industrial enterprise, public sector, and consumers that
demand a more durable product.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Industrial Enterprise</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><u>Transportation and Logistics.</u> Enterprises and
fleet workers across supply chain, delivery services, airport workers, and field management rely on mobile devices to operate safely and
efficiently in environments that are often susceptible to inclement weather. For enterprises looking to improve supply chain functionality,
our mobile resource management applications such as location tracking, mileage tracking, and job dispatch can help businesses monitor
operations more efficiently. We believe that a weather-resistant and long-battery ruggedized device, combined with productivity applications
and services with the native camera on our smartphones, provides reliable communication options for transportation and logistics workers.
In addition, our solutions reduce the number of devices and tools that these task workers would need to carry in the field by consolidating
the functionality of multiple single-purpose devices into one purpose-built mobile device.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><u>Construction. </u>We offer workers in the construction
industry crush-, puncture-, scratch- and impact-resistant devices, which we believe to be crucial in environments where there is a high
risk of such occurrences. Job sites also value the PTT capabilities that are tightly integrated into Sonim devices. Additionally, we believe
our phones and related accessories help promote worker safety and productivity, with support for lone-worker safety applications and with
features such as extended battery life and extra-loud speakers. For business decision-makers, we offer devices with consolidated functionality,
which enables a total cost of ownership that we believe is significantly lower versus comparable offerings that enable real-time reporting.
This can help eliminate costly delays by capturing verbal, visual, and location data from job sites more efficiently.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><u>Manufacturing. </u>As market demand and competition
in the manufacturing sector require more nimble production lines, equipment for reliable communication and safety standard compliance
are necessary to improve efficiency and keep workers safe. Our devices&rsquo; PTT functionality and extra-loud speakerphones are designed
to keep lines of communication open and functional in fast-changing and loud environments, while our glove-friendly touchscreen displays
allow workers to have access to real-time data, thus reducing production downtime. Additionally, our devices are designed to survive blunt
force and can be sanitized and sterilized for safe use in food or medical processing facilities. We believe that these features can enhance
the productivity of workers in the manufacturing industry.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><u>Facilities Management.</u> Service-based operations
in large indoor and outdoor facilities, including recreation parks, require management of mobile teams. Our mobile phones consolidate
radio, guard tour verification, panic button systems and scanners, which otherwise would require separate and single-purpose equipment.
Our devices can improve business operations through functionalities such as automated work order dispatch and job completion verification
tools delivered via proprietary third-party applications integrated with our devices.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><u>Energy, Mining, and Utilities.</u> The safety standards
for mobile phones used in the energy and utility industry are more stringent due to the reactive characteristics of the natural resources
being procured and serviced, as well as the potentially high-voltage or explosive environments. We believe we are uniquely positioned
to serve these workers because a number of our devices are designed for use in potentially explosive or hazardous environments (rated
Non-Incendive or Intrinsically Safe by either the CSA Group, ATEX or IECEx notified bodies), and their resistance to various chemicals
and extreme temperatures. Reliable communication devices are often mission-critical for workers to stay safe while performing energy-
and utility-related operations.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Public Sector</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><u>Public Safety.</u> In the United States, AT&amp;T&rsquo;s
FirstNet, T-Mobile&rsquo;s T-Priority, and Verizon&rsquo;s Frontline public safety prioritization provide optimized networks for this
sector. Through our partnerships with the major wireless carriers, we believe we are in a strong position to provide mission-critical
solutions to the public safety market as public safety networks mature. Through enhanced communication capabilities, our devices can decrease
the response time of first responders and help public safety workers stay safe and connected in hazardous, isolated or emergency conditions.
The durability of our phones, combined with their purpose-built functionality, provides a lower total cost of ownership compared to similar
products, which is highly attractive to city and state decision-makers.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><u>Federal Government.</u> Whether during natural
disasters or day-to-day operations, our devices help provide functionality and reliability that is crucial for federal workers to protect
and serve their nation. Our mobile solutions support purpose-built voice communications and data capture applications that allow federal
workers to stay connected and quickly make more informed decisions while in the field.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Small Business Users</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">As small businesses grow more reliant upon mobile
devices to support all of their daily activities, mobile devices are now more than ever being placed into situations and environments
that are more prone to physical damage including screen breakage and water damage. We believe that this market is currently underserved
with only higher cost devices offering the features that are needed. Sonim&rsquo;s value proposition will be to offer an overall lower
total cost of ownership as a small business will not need to lose valuable downtime and money repairing or replacing their device as often
as other devices in the market. In the fourth quarter of 2024, we launched a new semi-rugged smartphone that is sleeker and lighter than
our ultra-rugged phones. These phones will be targeted at small business users.</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Home and Small Business Internet Users</i></p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Mobile hotspots are used by businesses, government
employees and consumers. Having the ability to access the internet (and at times share the connection) in a secure way wherever the customers
go is essential to many users. Whether it is a salesperson visiting their customers, a police officer using their computer in their patrol
car, a small business in need of failover for business continuity in the event of an internet outage, a student working on a paper or
a family going on vacation, the need for reliable internet has become a necessity in today&rsquo;s world. Mobile hotspots provide the
perfect vehicle for enabling these use cases. We will be launching additional mobile hotspots in 2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Fixed wireless access provides an economical way for
operators to quickly deploy internet to new customers without having to lay costly new cable or fiber. This service is used by businesses
and consumers alike. Historically internet connectivity was effectively a monopoly business with major fixed wireline operators dividing
up the country. Consumers had little choice when it came to options for internet service. With 5G, wireless operators are using fixed
wireless access as a way to add new revenue streams to their businesses. Additionally, fixed wireline operators are using fixed wireless
access as a way to quickly deploy to rural areas that were not served by cable companies.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Products and Technology</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Features of Our Ruggedized Mobile Phones</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our mobile phones can withstand a variety of harsh
environments and are supported by our industry-leading three-year comprehensive manufacturer&rsquo;s warranty for our ultra-rugged devices.
We developed our devices to meet industry standards for protection from the ingress of water and/or micro-particles (IEC standard 60529).
Our devices are rated a minimum of IP-68, allowing them to be submersed in up to six and a half feet of water for up to 30 minutes, and
our XP10 smartphone has been further tested and certified to withstand sprays of high-pressure streams (up to 1,450 PSI) of hot (80&deg;C)
water (IPx9K). We have additionally designed and manufactured our devices to withstand repeated drops to concrete across all angles and
faces, attaining MIL-STD-810G ratings and, in 2011, earning the Sonim XP3300 the title of World&rsquo;s Toughest Phone by the Guinness
Book of World Records after surviving a fall from 82 feet 11.7 inches to concrete. Engineered with a protective glass lens that is up
to three times thicker than that of other cellular devices in the market and a unique blend of plastic and rubber used in the housings,
our ultra-rugged mobile phones are designed to be resistant to punctures caused by impacts from external objects up to 2J on the display
lens and 4J on the housing. Furthermore, we understand that the jobs of our end users often take them into extreme environments. As a
result, we have designed our devices to operate from -4&deg;F to +131&deg;F, be usable while wearing work gloves (glove-friendly touch
display, large physical buttons), be audible in noisy environments with loud 100+ dB loudspeakers and multiple microphone noise-cancellation
technology, and, for our XP5plus and XP10 phones to last throughout an average day based on ordinary use without needing to be recharged
with large, extended-life batteries. We have also designed, manufactured and certified our devices to be safe for use in potentially hazardous
or explosive environments.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, our devices provide a wide range of connectivity
options for our end customers (including LTE, 3G, 4G, 5G, GSM, WiFi, NFC, location tracking and Bluetooth for certain of our devices),
and our phones support a wide range of global frequencies allowing them to be used almost anywhere in the world where there is cellular
coverage. Our phones are certified to work on multiple mobile network operators and come equipped with LTE Band 14 to support FirstNet
(built with AT&amp;T). We support the latest technologies, including 5G, and we have incorporated 5G into our product roadmap.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Our Devices</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><u>Mobile Phone Products</u></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Sonim XP10. The Sonim XP10 is an Android-based 5G smartphone.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Sonim XP5plus. The Sonim XP5plus is a purpose-built 4G feature phone designed for task workers with Push-to-Talk capabilities and seamless LMR interoperability to enhance communication for first responders.</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Sonim XP3plus. The Sonim XP3plus is a 4G feature phone in a clamshell form factor that offers our customers a cost-effective voice and/or PTT solution without distracting end users from doing their jobs with things like an application store or email.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Sonim XP Pro. The Sonim XP Pro was launched in the fourth quarter of 2024 with Verizon. The XP Pro is an Android-based 5G smartphone that is sleeker and lighter than our XP10 and will be marketed to small businesses, enterprise, and mission critical users that need a phone that is significantly more durable than a consumer phone and can be used as their primary or sole phone .</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><u>Connected Solutions Products</u></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Sonim H100 Low-range Mobile Hotspot. The H100 is a 4G mobile hotspot that is available through select distributors in Europe and Telia in Finland. This model launched in the first quarter of 2025.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Sonim H500 Mid-Range Mobile Hotspot. The H500 series 5G mobile hotspot was launched beginning in the second quarter of 2024 with multiple carriers in North America.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Sonim H700 Premium Mobile Hotspot. The Sonim H700 mobile hotspot t was launched in the second half of 2024 with Telstra in Australia. It is the world&rsquo;s first rugged mobile hotspot with 5G release 17 and Wi-Fi 7.</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Accessories</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our portfolio of industrial-grade accessories extends
beyond the traditional consumer cellular ecosystem of wall chargers and cases. We work with a number of accessory manufacturers and design
partners to deliver innovative purpose-built accessories that enhance the functionality and usability of our devices.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>SonimWare Software</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition to the ecosystem of Android developers
and their applications, which are supported on our devices, we provide a suite of applications and tools that help customers manage, deploy
and support their Sonim devices. The capabilities of these software applications differentiate us from many rugged vendors that only focus
on hardware. Current capabilities include:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Sonim Setup Wizard allows provisioning teams to rapidly customize and deploy large number of devices with less manual work and fewer errors.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Sonim SafeGuard lets user administrators block usage of selected apps and features, ensuring only those critical to job-related functions and cost requirements are used. We are looking to expand the functionality of SafeGuard to extend to the consumer market for key features such as parental controls.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Sonim Kiosk Mode lets user administrators configure devices with the minimum required functionality, a critical customer need in hazardous environments or anywhere where user safety is paramount.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Scout App Updater lets administrators control when and where updates are sent to users&rsquo; phones.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Sonim SOS provides emergency alert capabilities for users of Sonim devices to help ensure worker and job-site safety. Additionally, given recent events that highlight school safety concerns, we are working on implementing this solution in our consumer handset line as well as our data solutions products.</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Sales and Marketing</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December 31, 2024, our sales and marketing team
consisted of 19 professionals located in the United States, Canada and Europe. We sell our products directly to wireless carriers, through
distributors and resellers and directly to end customers. Our marketing efforts consist of product marketing, channel partner/carrier
marketing and corporate marketing. Product marketing focuses on ensuring that carrier requirements related to product specifications are
in-line with our brand requirements. Channel partner marketing focuses on go-to-market strategy as well as developing supplemental sales
tools, carrier and non-carrier marketing campaigns, and industry trade show material. Corporate marketing consists of public relations,
brand awareness, social and digital marketing, and lead generation operations.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Customers</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">While we are actively committed
to expanding our customer base on various levels, our sales model mainly focuses on sales through our carrier customers in North America
and our distribution partners in Europe, the Middle East, South Africa, and Australia. As a result, a small number of customers account
for a large percentage of our net revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the purchaser of our white label products (related party
customer) and the three largest U.S. wireless carriers (our channel partners) collectively accounted for approximately 74% of our net
revenue. Although the net revenue from our white label products customer ended in the first quarter of 2024 as the product reached its
end of life, as we generate more net revenue from other customers, we expect that net revenue from a relatively small group of customers
will continue to account for a significant portion of our net revenue in the near term. For further discussion of our revenue trends and
risks related to our customers and contractual relationships, please refer to &ldquo;<A HREF="#where_011">Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations</A>&rdquo; and &ldquo;<A HREF="#where_004">Risk Factors</A>&rdquo; of this prospectus.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Manufacturing</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We have outsourced the manufacturing
and the final assembly to third-party ODM partners for our phones and data devices. We have moved the manufacturing of our newest products
outside of China and expect to phase out all manufacturing in China during 2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Competition</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We operate in a highly competitive
environment serving end customers in the industrial enterprise and public sector markets. These markets are highly fragmented, evolving
and increasingly competitive. Competition in our industry is intense and has been characterized by rapidly changing technologies, evolving
industry standards, significant barriers to entry in the form of carrier certification requirements, frequent new product introductions,
annual operating system changes and rapid changes in end user requirements.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Non-rugged mobile device manufacturers
have not historically created devices specifically to compete in the industrial enterprise and public sector markets. These manufacturers
typically focus on a different consumer audience and the requirements to manufacture ruggedized phones differ significantly from their
core products. Nevertheless, we face competition from manufacturers of non-rugged mobile phones such as Apple Inc. and Samsung Electronics
Co. Ltd, or Samsung, to the extent that end users decide to purchase traditional devices and add a rugged case for use in environments
that we believe are better suited for purpose built ruggedized mobile phones. We also face competition from manufacturers of rugged mobile
phones such as Samsung and Kyocera Corporation as well as from large system integrators and manufacturers of private and public wireless
network equipment and devices. A large competitor in the rugged phone space, Bullitt Group Ltd., ceased operations in January 2024, which
has created an opportunity for us, particularly in Europe.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe the principal competitive
factors affecting the market for our products are the products&rsquo; performance, features (including security features), quality, design
innovation, reliability, price, customer service, reputation in the industry, brand loyalty and a strong third-party software and accessories
ecosystem. We believe that our strongest competitive advantages are our products&rsquo; durability and reputation in the industry, as
well as the push to talk capabilities not available in all competitive devices. Additionally, we believe our XP10 rugged smartphone is
one of the most rugged smartphones made anywhere in the world and it is consequently able to be fully sterilized and cleaned. In order
to compete, we will be required to continue to respond promptly and effectively to the challenges of technological changes and our competitors&rsquo;
innovations.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Intellectual Property</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We hold numerous utility and design patents both inside
and outside the United States and have filed additional utility and design patent applications in the United States. We have registered,
and applied for the registration of, U.S. and international trademarks, service marks, domain names, and copyrights. We also have contractual
rights to standard essential patents for 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G wireless technologies, some of which require significant royalty payments.
We opportunistically negotiate licenses with other patent holders where appropriate for our technology.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our products are built to conform to wireless standards
which are covered by numerous essential patents held by third parties. Our wireless carriers require us to provide patent indemnification
for the products we sell to them, and in turn, we secure intellectual property indemnification from our suppliers.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We do not believe that our products infringe on the
proprietary rights of any third parties. There can be no assurance, however, that third parties will not claim such infringement by us
or our channel partners and end customers with respect to current or future products.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our smartphone devices use the standard Android operating
system and our feature phones use an operating system based on the Android Open Source Project. We additionally integrate third-party
licensed software on commercially reasonable terms. Several Android-based apps and extension enablers of Android are developed internally
by our employees.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">For further discussion of the risks in connection
with each of the foregoing matters, see &ldquo;Risk Factors&mdash;Risks Related to Information Technology and Intellectual Property&rdquo;
of this prospectus.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"> <B>Properties</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> We maintain our corporate headquarters in a leased facility in San Diego, California. In addition, we lease facilities
in Shenzhen, China, in Beijing, China and in Bangalore, India for employees that perform engineering, logistics services, software development.
We believe that our facilities are suitable to meet our current needs. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Legislation and Regulation</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Wireless communication devices use radio spectrum,
which is regulated by government agencies throughout the world. In the United States, use of spectrum is regulated by the Federal Communications
Commission, or FCC, and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, or NTIA, for non-federal government entities and
federal government entities, respectively. The FCC and NTIA allocate spectrum for various uses, including commercial wireless services
and public safety services, and regulate the use of that spectrum and the devices, such as our products, that operate on that spectrum.
The FCC and NTIA also adopt requirements that affect wireless equipment, such as limits on radio emissions and rules requiring that handsets
have specified capabilities, such as providing location information to 911 operators. The FCC also regulates the testing and certification
for the import and/or sale of certain wireless devices.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Other countries also have regulatory bodies that define
and implement the rules for using radio spectrum, pursuant to their respective national laws and international coordination under the
International Telecommunications Union. Our ability to manufacture and sell products in other countries could be affected by such rules.
In addition, any significant variations between the rules in the United States and rules in other countries, including differences in
available spectrum bands for wireless communication, could increase the costs of designing and manufacturing our products.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Research and Development</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We allocate significant resources and funds to developing
robust and innovative solutions for the end users of our products and ensuring that these solutions meet their exacting requirements for
functionality and reliability. Our research and development initiatives are led by our internal teams and are supported by third-party
original design manufacturers as needed. Our product management team and our sales and marketing team spend time interacting with a combination
of end users and IT administrators in our target markets, wireless carriers and application and accessory ecosystem partners to better
understand the market requirements for our solutions. Once defined, our engineering organization develops and tests the solution against
these requirements and works to achieve technical certification and approval from the wireless carriers which allows the solutions to
be sold to our end users.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Employees</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We had 131 full-time employees and 29 contractors
as of December 31, 2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">None of our employees are represented by a labor union
or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have not experienced any work stoppages, and we consider our relations with our employees
to be good.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"> <B>Legal Proceedings</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> From time to time we are a party to various litigation matters incidental to the conduct of our business. We are
not presently party to any legal proceedings the resolution of which we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business,
prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operation, cash flows or capital levels. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Corporate Information</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Sonim Technologies, Inc. was incorporated in the state
of Delaware on August 5, 1999, and is headquartered in San Diego, California.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Available Information</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports
on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, are filed with the Securities Exchange Commission, or the SEC. The SEC&rsquo;s website is
www.sec.gov. Our website provides a link to our SEC filings, which are available free of charge on the same day such filings are made.
The specific location on the website where these reports can be found is ir.sonimtech.com. The information contained on the websites referenced
in this prospectus is not incorporated by reference into this filing. Further, the Company&rsquo;s references to website URLs are intended
to be inactive textual references only.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><a name="SL_002"></a>Management</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Directors</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets forth
information concerning our directors, including their ages as of April 26, 2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><b>Name and Position</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Year First</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Became</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Director</b></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&nbsp;</b></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><b>Age</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&nbsp;</b></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><b>Independent</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Audit</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Committee</b></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Compensation</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Committee</b></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Nominating</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>and Governance</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Committee</b></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">James Cassano,</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><i>Director</i></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: center">2022</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: center">78</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: center">Yes</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: center">Chairman, *</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: center">&#10004;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">Peter Liu,</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><i>Director, Chief Executive Officer</i></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2022</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">57</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">No</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">Mike Mulica,</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><i>Director, Chairman of the Board</i></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2021</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">61</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Yes</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#10004;*</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Chairman</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#10004;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">Jack Steenstra,</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><i>Director</i></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2022</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">63</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Yes</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#10004;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#10004;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Chairman</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">Jeffrey Wang,</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><i>Director</i></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2022</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">32</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Yes</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">* Audit Committee Financial Expert</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Executive Officers</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets forth
information concerning our executive officers, including their ages as of April 26, 2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 20%; text-align: center"><b>Name </b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Year First</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Became</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Officer</b></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: center"><b>Age</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 58%; text-align: center"><b>Position</b></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Peter Hao Liu</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2022</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">57</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Chief Executive Officer</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Clay Crolius</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2022</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">63</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Chief Financial Officer</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Charles Becher</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2023</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">57</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Chief Commercial Officer and General Manager of North America</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Biographical Information</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><i>Directors</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><b><i>James Cassano</i></b> has
served as a member of our Board since July 2022. Mr. Cassano currently is the Vice Chairman and Lead Independent Director of Ideanomics,
Inc., where he is Chairman of the Audit Committee and a member of the Compensation, Acquisition Oversight and Risk and Disclosure Committees.
Mr. Cassano has been on the Board of Directors of Ideanomics since 2008. From December 2009 through December 2021, Mr. Cassano served
as a Partner &amp; Chief Financial Officer of CoActive Health Solutions, LLC, a worldwide contract research organization, supporting the
pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. From 2005 through 2009, Mr. Cassano was a partner in Jaguar Capital Partners, a private equity
company, which formed Jaguar Acquisition Corporation (OTCBB: JGAC), a blank check company. Mr. Cassano served as executive vice president,
chief financial officer, secretary, and director of Jaguar Acquisition Corporation. In June 1998, Mr. Cassano founded New Forum Publishers,
an electronic publisher of educational material for secondary schools, and served as its chairman of the Board and chief executive officer
until it was sold to Apex Learning, Inc., a company controlled by Warburg Pincus, in August 2003. He remained with Apex until November
2003 in transition as vice president of business development and served as a consultant to the company through February 2004. In June
1995, Mr. Cassano co-founded Advantix, Inc., a high volume electronic ticketing software and transaction services company which handled
event related client and customer payments, that was renamed Tickets.com and went public through an IPO in 1999. From March 1987 to June
1995, Mr. Cassano served as senior vice president and chief financial officer of the Hill Group, Inc., a privately-held engineering and
consulting organization, and from February 1986 to March 1987, Mr. Cassano served as Vice President of Investments and Acquisitions for
Safeguard Scientifics, Inc., a public venture development company. From May 1973 to February 1986, Mr. Cassano served as partner and director
of strategic management services (Europe) for the strategic management group of Hay Associates. Mr. Cassano received a BS in Aeronautics
and Astronautics from Purdue University and an MBA from Wharton Graduate School at the University of Pennsylvania. The Board believes
that Mr. Cassano&rsquo;s extensive financial and executive experience with multiple private and public companies qualifies him to serve
on our Board.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><b><i>Peter Liu</i></b> has served
as a member of our Board since July 2022. Mr. Liu has served as our Chief Executive Officer since April 2022. Mr. Liu previously served
as our Executive Vice President for Global Operations from September 2010 to April 2022. From 2007 to 2010, Mr. Liu served as Global Quality
Director for LOM/Perlos, an international VI supplier of mobile phones. From 2005 to 2007, Mr. Liu was the Head of Quality for the Strategic
Growth Engine business at Motorola Solutions, Inc., a multinational telecommunications company. Mr. Liu received an M.B.A. from Lawrence
Technological University and a Bachelor&rsquo;s in Engineering from Tianjin University. The Board believes that Mr. Lui&rsquo;s experience
as our Executive Vice President for Global Operations and his knowledge of our Company qualifies him to serve on our Board.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><b><i>Mike Mulica</i></b> has served
as the Chairman of the Board since November 2023, having previously served as a Board member since April 2021. Mr. Mulica has served as
Chairman at AlefEdge, a global edge API platform company that empowers enterprises to create, customize, and control their own private
mobile network, since March 2018 and as its Chief Executive Officer since August 2021. From May 2018 to present, Mr. Mulica has served
as the Global Management Advisor at Mulica Consulting, advising public and private companies on global mobile Internet and application
platforms. From May 2016 to August 2018, Mr. Mulica served as Chief Executive Officer and President of Actility Technologies, Inc., an
IoT communications and software company. From June 2014 to May 2016, Mr. Mulica served as the President, Worldwide Sales and Business
Development at Real Networks, Inc., a content and Internet software company. From October 2011 to July 2014, Mr. Mulica served as the
Chief Executive Officer and President of Openwave Systems, Inc., a mobile Internet software company. Prior to his service at Openwave
Systems, he held various leadership positions at Motorola, Inc., a communications systems company, Synchronoss Technologies, an Internet
software and services company, FusionOne, Inc., a mobile Internet software company, BridgePort Technologies, Inc., a mobile Internet software
company, Phone.com, Inc., inventor of the mobile Internet, California Microwave, Inc., a microwave and satellite systems company, and
Tandem Computers, a fault tolerant computer manufacturer. Mr. Mulica holds a BS in Finance from Marquette University and an MBA from the
Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University. The Board believes that Mr. Mulica&rsquo;s extensive operational, executive and
board experience with numerous private and public companies at various Internet, mobile and software companies qualifies him to serve
on our Board.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><b><i>Jack Steenstra</i></b> has
served as a member of our Board since July 2022. Mr. Steenstra has served as the Chief Technology Officer of Meta Technologies Inc., a
software and hardware company in the wellness space, since August 2017. From November 2015 to August 2017, he was a freelance technology
consultant with various startups including VRx Medical, an immersive digital therapeutics company, contributing to the technical, business,
and product innovation of new products, services, and associated businesses developing new wireless devices. From July 1995 to November
2015, Mr. Steenstra was Vice President of Engineering at Qualcomm, a technology company, where he led a cross-functional department developing
new products to support new business opportunities. Prior to that, he was an engineer at Abbott Laboratories, a medical devices and healthcare
company, where he developed digital surveillance systems, software, and medical devices. From January 2012 to December 2023, he served
as a board member of Stepping Stone San Diego, a drug and alcohol rehabilitation and treatment program specializing in the Gay, Lesbian,
Bisexual and Transgender community. Mr. Steenstra holds a BS in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from the University of Michigan
and an MS in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from the University of Southern California. The Board believes that Mr. Steenstra&rsquo;s
extensive leadership and business consulting experience qualifies him to serve on our Board.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><b><i>Jeffrey Wang</i></b> has
served as a member of our Board since July 2022, including his tenure as Chairman of the Board from July 2022 until November 2023. Mr.
Wang has served as a Software Engineer at Plaid Inc., a California-based financial services company, since April 2022. Previously he was
a Senior Software Engineer at Waymo LLC, Google LLC&rsquo;s autonomous driving technology company, from August 2019 to April 2022 with
the data warehouse team and a Senior Software Engineer with the search ads backend infrastructure at Google LLC, a global technology company
specializing in internet related services and products, from February 2015 to August 2019. Mr. Wang holds a BA in Computer Science from
the University of California, Berkeley. The Board believes that Mr. Wang&rsquo;s experience at technology companies qualifies him to serve
on our Board.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>Executive Officers</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><b><i>Clay Crolius</i></b> <font style="background-color: white">has
served as our Chief Financial Officer since July 2022. From September 2021 to July 2022, he served as our Chief Accounting Officer. From
December 2016 to August 2021, Mr. Crolius served as Principal Accounting Officer and Controller for 4Front Ventures Corp. a national manufacturer
and retailer. From 2015 to 2016, Mr. Crolius was the Controller at Ethology Corporation, a digital advertising agency startup. From 2005
to 2014, Mr. Crolius was a Senior Management Consultant with the David Lewis Company, a professional services consulting company. He also
served as Vice President of Financial Operations for Warner Bros. Studios, a division of Time Warner from 2000 to 2005. Mr. Crolius holds
a BA in Economics and Business from the University of California, Los Angeles, and is a certified public accountant in the state of California</font>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><b><i>Chuck Becher</i></b> has
served as our Chief Commercial Officer and General Manager of North America since 2022. From April 2022 to August 2022, Mr. Becher served
as Senior Vice President of Carrier Solutions at Inseego Corporation, a leader in mobile hotspots and fixed wireless devices. From June
2020 to April 2022, Mr. Becher served as Chief Commercial Officer and EVP of OnwardMobility, a startup created to bring BlackBerry devices
back to the market. From December 2016 to January 2020, Mr. Becher served as Sonim Technologies&rsquo; Chief Sales and Marketing Officer.
From 2000 to 2016, Mr. Becher also served in increasing positions of responsibility at Kyocera Communications, Inc., a wireless phone
original equipment manufacturer headquartered in Yokohama, Japan, culminating in the role of Senior Vice President and General Manager
of Sales and Marketing. Mr. Becher holds a BBA from the University of Michigan School of Business in Ann Arbor, Michigan.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Family Relationships</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">There are no family relationships
among any of our directors or executive officers.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Selection of Directors and Officers</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our selection of directors and
officers is conducted on the basis of outstanding achievement in their professional careers, broad experience, personal and professional
integrity, ability to make independent and analytical inquiries, financial literacy, mature judgment, high performance standards, familiarity
with our business and industry, ability to work collegially, and, in the case of our Chief Executive Officer, the initial selection was
made based on the contractual arrangement in connection with an equity investment by a certain stockholder. Please see &ldquo;<A HREF="#SL_005">Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.&mdash;Subscription Agreement and Corollary Arrangements</A>&rdquo;
for more information.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Delinquent Section 16 Reports</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 16(a) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires our directors and executive officers, among others, to file with the SEC an initial report
of ownership of our stock on Form 3 and reports of changes in ownership on Form 4 or Form 5. Based solely on a review of reports filed
with the SEC and on written representations from reporting individuals, we believe that all of our officers and directors filed the required
reports on a timely basis under Section 16(a) for the fiscal year 2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We have a standing Audit Committee
of the board of directors. Mr. Cassano, Mr. Mulica, and Mr. Steenstra currently serve as members of the Audit Committee, with Mr. Cassano
serving as the chairperson of the Audit Committee. Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Cassano and Mr. Mulica are audit committee
financial experts, as defined by SEC rules and regulations.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our board of directors has determined
that each of Mr. Cassano, Mr. Mulica, and Mr. Steenstra is an independent director in accordance with the Nasdaq listing rules and the
applicable requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our board of directors has further determined
that each of the members of the Audit Committee satisfies the financial literacy and sophistication requirements of the Nasdaq listing
rules.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Corporate Governance Documents</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Corporate Governance Guidelines</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our board of directors adopted
Corporate Governance Guidelines, which set forth a flexible framework within which the board, assisted by its committees, directs the
affairs of the Company. The Corporate Governance Guidelines address, among other things, the composition and functions of the board of
directors, director independence, compensation of directors, board membership criteria, board leadership and composition.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Code of Ethics</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We have adopted a Code of Business
Conduct and Ethics, or the Code of Conduct, applicable to all of our employees, executive officers, and directors. The Nominating and
Corporate Governance Committee of our board of directors is responsible for overseeing the Code of Conduct and must approve any waivers
of the Code of Conduct for employees, executive officers, and directors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Insider Trading Policy</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We have adopted an Insider Trading
Policy that governs the purchase, sale, and/or other transactions of our securities by our directors, officers, and employees, and the
Company itself. We believe that the Insider Trading Policy is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules
and regulations, and the listing standards of Nasdaq. The foregoing summary of the Company&rsquo;s Insider Trading Policy does not purport
to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text thereof.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Committee Charters</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Each standing committee of the
board of directors is governed by a charter adopted by the board.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Availability of Governance Documents</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The Corporate Governance Guidelines,
the Code of Conduct, and each of the Audit, Compensation, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee charters are available on
the Company&rsquo;s investor relations website, ir.sonimtech.com. We expect that any amendments to the Code of Conduct, or any waivers
of its requirements, will be disclosed on our website to the extent required by the applicable rules of the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market
LLC. A copy of our insider trading policy was filed as Exhibit 19.1 to our Original Form 10-K.</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><a name="SL_003"></a>Executive and Director
Compensation</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> Our
executive compensation program is designed to attract, motivate and retain high quality leadership and incentivize our executive officers
to achieve performance goals over the short- and long-term, which also aligns the interests of our executive officers with those of our
stockholders. </P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our named executive officers (or
&ldquo;NEOs&rdquo;) for the year ended December 31, 2024, consisted of three individuals:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">(i)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Peter Liu, our current Chief Executive Officer, who served as our principal executive officer during the year ended December 31, 2024;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(ii)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Clay Crolius, our current Chief Financial Officer, who was serving as our executive officer at the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024; and</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(iii)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Charles Becher, our Chief Commercial Officer, who was serving as our executive officer at the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Summary Compensation Table</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets forth
information regarding compensation earned during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 by our NEOs.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Name and Principal Position</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Salary</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>($)</b></p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Bonus</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>($)</b></p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Option</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Awards</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>($)<sup>(1)</sup></b></p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>All Other</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Compensation</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>($)</b></p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Total <BR> ($)</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 41%; text-align: left">Peter Hao Liu</td><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: center">2024</td><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">450,000</td><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">175,630</td><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">&mdash;</td><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">47,288</td><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><sup>(2)</sup></td><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right">672,918</td><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-style: italic; text-align: left">Chief Executive Officer</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">450,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">180,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">47,226</td><td style="text-align: left"><sup>(2)</sup></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">677,226</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Clay Crolius</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2024</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">320,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">93,669</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">89,352</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">503,021</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-style: italic; text-align: left">Chief Financial Officer</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">323,750</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">96,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">157,520</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">577,270</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Charles Becher</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2024</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">400,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">345,144</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">745,144</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-style: italic; text-align: left">Chief Commercial Officer and General Manager of North America</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">400,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">275,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">149,600</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">675,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">(1)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">This column reflects the full grant date fair value for stock awards or options, respectively, granted during the fiscal year as measured pursuant to ASC Topic 718 as stock-based compensation in our consolidated financial statements. The grant date fair value of stock awards was based on the closing price per share of our common stock on the applicable grant date. These amounts do not necessarily correspond to the actual value that may be recognized from the stock options and stock awards by the NEOs.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Amount reported primarily consists of a housing and car allowance for Mr. Liu.</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><A NAME="SL_013"></A>Outstanding Equity Awards as of December 31, 2024</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The following tables provide information
about outstanding equity awards held by each of our named executive officers as of December 31, 2024. Awards for the named executive officers
were granted under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="12" style="vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><b>Option Awards<sup>(1)</sup></b></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><b>Stock Awards<sup>(1)</sup></b></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Name</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Grant Date</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Number of</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Securities</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Underlying</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Unexercised</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Options</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Exercisable</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>(#) </b></p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Number of</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Securities</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Underlying</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Unexercised</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Options</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Unexercisable</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>(#) </b></p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Option</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Exercise</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Price</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>($) </b></p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Option</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Expiration</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Date</b></p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Number of</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Shares or</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Units of</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Stock that</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Have Not</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Vested</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>(#)</b></p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Market Value</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>of Shares or</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Units of</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Stock that</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Have Not</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Vested</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>($)</b></p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 37%; text-align: left">Peter Hao Liu</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 7%; text-align: right">6/30/2015</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right">67</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right">150.00</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 7%; text-align: right">06/30/2025</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">12/2/2019</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">500</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">248.00</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">12/01/2029</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">11/18/2022</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">150,903</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">150,540</td><td style="text-align: left"><sup>(2)</sup></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">4.188</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">10/26/2032</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Clay Crolius</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">1/27/2023</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">10,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">4.940</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">1/27/2033</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">11/24/2023</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">20,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">7.000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">11/24/2033</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">4/8/2024</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">17,000</td><td style="text-align: left"><sup>(3)</sup></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">6.154</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">4/8/2034</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Charles Becher</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">11/18/2022</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">10,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">17,500</td><td style="text-align: left"><sup>(4)</sup></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">4.188</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right">10/26/2032</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">(1)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">All vesting is subject to the recipient&rsquo;s continued service through the applicable vesting date and is subject to accelerated vesting in certain circumstances. For additional discussion, please see &ldquo;<i>Agreements with Our Named Executive Officers</i>&rdquo; and &ldquo;<i>Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control</i>.&rdquo;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">The stock options vest in 10 equal quarterly installments beginning on January 14, 2024, and ending on April 14, 2026.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">The stock options vest in three (3) equal yearly installments beginning April 8, 2025.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(4)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">The stock options vest in 11 equal quarterly installments commencing on February 29, 2024, and ending on August 29, 2026.</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>Agreements with Our Named Executive Officers</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Set forth below are descriptions
of our employment agreements with our named executive officers. For a discussion of the severance pay and other benefits to be provided
in connection with a potential termination of employment and/or a change in control under the arrangements with our named executive officers,
see &ldquo;<i><A HREF="#SL_016">Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control</A></i>.&rdquo;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Mr. Liu</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">On December 8, 2023, the Company
entered an amended and restated employment agreement with Mr. Liu (the &ldquo;Liu Employment Agreement&rdquo;), which superseded his
previous employment arrangements. Under the Liu Employment Agreement, Mr. Liu receives an annual base salary of $450,000. Additionally,
Mr. Liu is eligible to participate in our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the &ldquo;EIP&rdquo;) in connection with Mr. Liu&rsquo;s equity
awards. Mr. Liu received stock option grants (subject to applicable vesting periods), to purchase in the aggregate a total of 4,014,419
shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock (the &ldquo;Options&rdquo;) granted pursuant to the EIP. Each Option vests over four (4) years,
with one-fourth (1/4th) of the shares underlying such Option vesting on the one-year anniversary of the date of Mr. Liu&rsquo;s appointment
as CEO, and one-twelfth (1/12th) of the shares underlying such Option vesting in quarterly installments thereafter. The Options will
have a maximum term of ten (10) years from each grant date and will terminate earlier upon the termination of employment prior to the
ten-year period. The Liu Employment Agreement has no specified term, is on an at-will basis, and contains, <I>inter alia</I>, customary
confidentiality, non-disparagement, and cooperation provisions. On April 2, 2025, the Company and Mr. Liu amended the Liu Employment
Agreement, changing the terms of Mr. Liu&rsquo;s severance in the event of a change in control, as described below under the title &ldquo;<I><A HREF="#SL_015">Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control</A></I>.&rdquo;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Mr. Crolius</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">On December 8, 2023, the Company
entered an amended and restated letter agreement with Mr. Crolius (the &ldquo;Crolius Letter Agreement&rdquo;), which superseded his
previous employment arrangements. The Crolius Letter Agreement delineates the terms of Mr. Crolius&rsquo;s employment: he is entitled
to a base salary of $320,000 per year (the &ldquo;Crolius Base Salary&rdquo;), a discretionary bonus, and other benefits generally applicable
to all employees of the Company. The Crolius Letter Agreement provides for the at-will employment of Mr. Crolius, references the Company&rsquo;s
policies, and contains other customary conditions. The Crolius Base Salary was conditioned to be retroactively effective as of November
1, 2023, and Mr. Crolius was entitled to receive a lump sum payment of the difference between the Crolius Base Salary and the base salary
pursuant to his previous employment arrangements. On April 15, 2025, the Company and Mr. Crolius amended the Crolius Letter
Agreement, changing the terms of Mr. Crolius&rsquo;s severance in the event of a change in control, as described below under the title
&ldquo;Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control. </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Mr. Becher</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">On August 23, 2022, the Company
and Mr. Becher entered into a letter agreement (the &ldquo;Becher Letter Agreement&rdquo;), delineating the terms of Mr. Becher&rsquo;s
employment: he is entitled to a guaranteed cash compensation of $400,000 per year consisting of a base salary and a guaranteed minimum
cash incentive compensation program, a discretionary bonus, and to other benefits generally applicable to all employees of the Company.
The Becher Letter Agreement provides for the at-will employment of Mr. Becher, references the Company&rsquo;s policies, and contains other
customary conditions. The Becher Letter Agreement provides for variable compensation and a cash bonus plan and also entitles Mr. Becher
to receive options to purchase shares of our common stock (the &ldquo;Becher Options&rdquo;) as follows:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">(i)</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">400,000 options to purchase shares of our common
stock vesting with respect to 25% of such options on the one-year anniversary of August 29, 2022, and the remainder vesting in equal
quarterly installments thereafter, each installment equal to 1/16 of the 400,000 options; and</p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(ii)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">100,000 options to purchase shares of our common stock per year over a four-year period, in the event that revenue targets are achieved, as determined by the board of directors.</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The Becher Options are subject
to the terms and conditions of the EIP.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><A NAME="SL_015"></A>Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in
Control</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Each of our NEOs is covered by
arrangements that specify certain payments to be made in the event that the executive&rsquo;s employment is terminated in certain circumstances.
These severance benefits are intended to reflect market practices and are designed to attract, retain, and appropriately incentivize and
further motivate them to contribute to our short- and long-term success for the benefit of our stockholders, particularly during uncertain
times. The severance benefits of all NEOs are subject to customary conditions and applicable tax and other deductions and witholdings.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Liu Employment Agreement</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">If we terminate Mr. Liu&rsquo;s
employment without cause or if he resigns for &ldquo;good reason&rdquo; (as defined therein) at any time up to the twelve-month anniversary
of the closing of a change in control, we must pay Mr. Liu a lump-sum cash severance payable within 30 days of his termination. Such severance
will consist of:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">(i)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">the sum equivalent to one hundred fifty percent (150%) of his yearly base salary in effect as of his termination
date, and</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(ii)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">a guaranteed pro-rated bonus.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Crolius Letter Agreement</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> If we terminate Mr. Crolius&rsquo;s
employment without cause or if he resigns for &ldquo;good reason&rdquo; (as defined therein) at any time up to the twelve-month
anniversary of the closing of a change in control, we must pay Mr. Crolius a <FONT STYLE="text-decoration: double">lump-sum cash
severance payable within 30 days of his termination. Such severance will consist of:</FONT> </P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a sum equivalent to six (6) months of his base salary
in effect as of his termination date<FONT STYLE="text-decoration: double">; and</FONT> </FONT></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)
<FONT STYLE="text-decoration: double">a guaranteed pro-rated bonus.</FONT></FONT> </P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Becher Letter Agreement</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">If we terminate Mr. Becher&rsquo;s
employment without cause or if he resigns for &ldquo;good reason&rdquo; (as defined therein) outside the context of a change in control,
we must pay Mr. Becher a severance. Such severance will consist of:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">(i)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">six (6) months of salary continuation, and</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(ii)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">six (6) months of COBRA reimbursement.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">However, if we terminate Mr.
Becher&rsquo;s employment without cause or if he resigns for &ldquo;good reason&rdquo; at any time up to the thirteen-month anniversary
of the closing of a change in control, the severance will consist of:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">(i)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">twelve (12) months of salary continuation,</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(ii)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">six (6) months of COBRA reimbursement, and</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(iii)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">accelerated vesting of all unvested equity awards under the EIP that would have otherwise vested within
four years of the termination date.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Pension Benefits</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our named executive officers did
not participate in, or otherwise receive any benefits under, any pension or retirement plan sponsored by us during 2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Nonqualified Deferred Compensation</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our named executive officers did
not participate in, or earn any benefits under, a nonqualified deferred compensation plan sponsored by us during 2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Employee Benefit Plans</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe that our ability to
grant equity-based awards is a valuable and necessary compensation tool that aligns the long-term financial interests of our executive
officers with the financial interests of our stockholders. In addition, we believe that our ability to grant options and other equity-based
awards helps us to attract, retain and motivate executive officers and encourages them to devote their best efforts to our business and
financial success. Vesting of equity awards (other than awards granted in lieu of cash salary or bonus) is generally tied to continuous
service with us and serves as an additional retention measure. Our executive officers generally are awarded an initial new hire grant
upon commencement of employment.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Each of our named executive officers
currently employed by us holds equity awards under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan that were granted subject to the general terms thereof
and the applicable forms of award agreement thereunder. The specific vesting terms of each named executive officer&rsquo;s equity awards
are described under &ldquo;<i><A HREF="#SL_013">Outstanding Equity Awards as of December 31, 2024</A></i>.&rdquo;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Prior to our initial public offering,
we granted all equity awards pursuant to our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. We currently grant all equity awards pursuant to our 2019 Equity
Incentive Plan. All options are granted with a per share exercise price equal to no less than the fair market value of a share of our
common stock on the date of the grant. All options have a maximum term of up to 10 years from the date of grant, subject to earlier expiration
following the cessation of an executive officer&rsquo;s continuous service with us.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Options generally remain exercisable
for three months following an executive officer&rsquo;s termination, except in the event of a termination for cause or due to disability
or death. Restricted stock unit awards (&ldquo;RSUs&rdquo;) generally vest annually over 4 years (other than awards granted in lieu of
cash salary or bonus, which may be vested at grant), subject to the continued service with us through each vesting date.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Health and Welfare Benefits</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We pay premiums for medical insurance,
dental insurance, and vision insurance for all full-time employees, including our named executive officers. These benefits are available
to all full-time employees, subject to applicable laws.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><i>401(k) Plan</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We maintain a defined contribution
retirement plan that provides eligible U.S. employees with an opportunity to save for retirement on a tax advantaged basis. Eligible employees
may defer eligible compensation on a pre-tax, or after-tax, basis, up to the statutorily prescribed annual limits on contributions under
the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the &ldquo;Code&rdquo;). Contributions are allocated to each participant&rsquo;s individual
account and are then invested in selected investment alternatives according to the participants&rsquo; directions. Employees are immediately
and fully vested in their contributions. The 401(k) plan is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code with the 401(k)
plan&rsquo;s related trust intended to be tax exempt under Section 501(a) of the Code. As a tax-qualified retirement plan, contributions
to the 401(k) plan are deductible by us when made, and contributions and earnings on those amounts are not taxable to the employees until
withdrawn or distributed from the 401(k) plan. We currently provide a matching contribution under the 401(k) plan.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Director Compensation</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets forth
information regarding compensation earned during the year ended December 31, 2024, by our non-employee directors who served as directors
during such year. Mr. Liu, our Chief Executive Officer, serves on our board of directors but does not receive compensation for his service
as a director and the compensation paid to Mr. Liu for his service as an employee during the year ended December 31, 2024, is set forth
in the &ldquo;Summary Compensation Table&rdquo; above.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-weight: bold">Name</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Fees earned or</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Paid in Cash</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>($)</b></p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Stock</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>awards<sup>(1)</sup></b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>($)</b></p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Option</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>awards<sup>(1)</sup></b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>($)</b></p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>Total</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>($)</b></p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Current Directors</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 44%">Michael Mulica<sup>(3)</sup></td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 10%; text-align: right">100,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"> 160,000 </td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><sup>(2)</sup></td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 10%; text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"> 260,000 </td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Jeffrey Wang<sup>(3)</sup></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">35,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">60,000</td><td style="text-align: left"><sup>(2)</sup></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">95,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Jack Steenstra<sup>(3)</sup></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">55,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">60,000</td><td style="text-align: left"><sup>(2)</sup></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">115,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">James Cassano<sup>(3)</sup></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">55,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">60,000</td><td style="text-align: left"><sup>(2)</sup></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">&mdash;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: right">115,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td style="width: 0.5in">(1)</td>
  <td style="text-align: justify">This column reflects the full grant date fair value for stock awards granted during the year ended December 31, 2024 as measured pursuant to ASC Topic 718 as stock-based compensation in our consolidated financial statements. The grant date fair value of stock awards was based on the closing price per share of our common stock on the applicable grant date. These amounts do not necessarily correspond to the actual value that may be recognized from the stock awards by the non-employee directors.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td>&nbsp;</td>
  <td style="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td>(2)</td>
  <td style="text-align: justify">Following the 2024 annual meeting of the Company&rsquo;s stockholders, each non-employee director was awarded 78,947 RSUs on June 20, 2024 having a grant date fair value of $60,000.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td>&nbsp;</td>
  <td style="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td>(3)</td>
  <td style="text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2024, each non-employee director held the following number of unvested RSUs:</td></tr>
</table>

<p style="margin: 0"></p>

<p style="margin: 0">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td style="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</td>
  <td style="width: 0.25in">(i)</td>
  <td style="text-align: justify">Mr. Mulica &mdash; 22,019; and</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td>&nbsp;</td>
  <td>&nbsp;</td>
  <td style="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td>&nbsp;</td>
  <td>(ii)</td>
  <td style="text-align: justify">Mr. Wang, Mr. Steenstra, and Mr. Cassano &mdash; 11,022.</td></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We maintain a non-employee director
compensation policy pursuant to which our non-employee directors are eligible to receive compensation for service on our board of directors
and committees of our board of directors. Our board of directors or Compensation Committee may amend the non-employee director compensation
policy from time to time. Effective as of January 1, 2024, our board of directors amended and restated the Non-Employee Director Compensation
Policy.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Equity Compensation</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Each new non-employee director
who joins our Board of Directors is granted an initial award of RSUs under the EIP, having a grant date fair market value of $60,000.
If a non-employee director is appointed or elected to our board of directors other than in connection with an annual meeting of stockholders,
then such non-employee director shall be awarded the full initial grant upon such non-employee director&rsquo;s appointment or election,
and the annual grant to be awarded to such non-employee director at the first annual meeting of stockholders following such appointment
or election shall be pro-rated for the number of months served prior to such annual meeting of stockholders.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Each of our non-employee directors
continuing to serve on the board of directors also receives an annual equity award of RSUs under the EIP. On June 20, 2024, Messrs. Mulica,
Cassano, Steenstra, and Wang each received an RSU grant of 7,895 RSUs, having a grant date fair value of $60,000, vesting in one installment
on the earlier of the first anniversary of the grant date or immediately prior to the 2025 annual meeting of stockholders.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The non-executive chairperson of
our board of directors receives an additional annual equity award of RSUs having a grant date fair market value of $50,000 under the EIP.
On November 12, 2024, Mr. Mulica received an RSU grant of 14,124 vesting in one installment on the first anniversary of the grant date,
having a grant date fair value of $50,000.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Each RSU award granted under the
policy will fully vest upon a change of control or the non-employee director&rsquo;s death or disability.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Cash Compensation</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Each non-employee director receives
an annual cash retainer of $35,000 for serving on our board of directors. The non-executive chairperson of our board of directors receives
an additional annual cash retainer of $50,000.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The chairperson and members of
the three principal standing committees of our board of directors are entitled to the following annual cash retainers:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Board Committee</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Chairperson Fee</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Member Fee</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Audit Committee</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">15,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">7,500</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Compensation Committee</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">10,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">5,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">7,500</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">3,750</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">All annual cash compensation amounts
will be payable in equal quarterly installments in arrears, pro-rated based on the days served in the applicable fiscal quarter.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We also reimburse all reasonable
out-of-pocket expenses incurred by non-employee directors for their attendance at meetings of our board of directors or any committee
thereof.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><A NAME="SL_016"></A>Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in
Control</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Each of our NEOs is covered by
arrangements that specify certain payments to be made in the event that the executive&rsquo;s employment is terminated in certain circumstances.
These severance benefits are intended to reflect market practices and are designed to attract, retain, and appropriately incentivize and
further motivate them to contribute to our short- and long-term success for the benefit of our stockholders, particularly during uncertain
times. The severance benefits of all NEOs are subject to customary conditions and applicable tax and other deductions and witholdings.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Liu Employment Agreement</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">If we terminate Mr. Liu&rsquo;s
employment without cause or if he resigns for &ldquo;good reason&rdquo; (as defined therein) at any time up to the twelve-month anniversary
of the closing of a change in control, we must pay Mr. Liu a lump-sum cash severance payable within 30 days of his termination. Such severance
will consist of:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">(iii)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">the sum equivalent to one hundred fifty percent (150%) of his yearly base salary in effect as of his termination
date, and</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(iv)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">a guaranteed pro-rated bonus.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Crolius Letter Agreement</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">If we terminate Mr. Crolius&rsquo;s
employment without cause at any time up to the six-month anniversary of the closing of a change in control, we must pay Mr. Crolius a
sum equivalent to six (6) months of his base salary in effect as of his termination date.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Becher Letter Agreement</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">If we terminate Mr. Becher&rsquo;s
employment without cause or if he resigns for &ldquo;good reason&rdquo; (as defined therein) outside the context of a change in control,
we must pay Mr. Becher a severance. Such severance will consist of:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">(iii)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">six (6) months of salary continuation, and</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(iv)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">six (6) months of COBRA reimbursement.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">However, if we terminate Mr.
Becher&rsquo;s employment without cause or if he resigns for &ldquo;good reason&rdquo; at any time up to the thirteen-month anniversary
of the closing of a change in control, the severance will consist of:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">(iv)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">twelve (12) months of salary continuation,</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(v)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">six (6) months of COBRA reimbursement, and</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(vi)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">accelerated vesting of all unvested equity awards under the EIP that would have otherwise vested within
four years of the termination date.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><a name="SL_004"></a>Principal Securityholders</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets forth
certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our capital stock as of April 16, 2025 for:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">each of our named executive officers;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">each of our directors;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">all of our current directors and executive officers as a group; and</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock.</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We have determined beneficial ownership
in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and thus it represents sole or shared voting or investment power with respect to our securities.
Unless otherwise indicated below, to our knowledge, the persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and sole investment power
with respect to all shares that they beneficially owned, subject to community property laws where applicable. The information does not
necessarily indicate beneficial ownership for any other purpose, including for purposes of Sections 13(d) and 13(g) of the Securities
Act.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We have based our calculation
of the percentage of beneficial ownership on 8,460,426 shares of our common stock outstanding as of April 16, 2025. In accordance
with SEC rules, we have deemed shares of our common stock subject to stock options that are currently exercisable or exercisable within
sixty (60) days of April 16, 2025, and shares of our common stock underlying RSUs that are currently releasable or releasable
within sixty (60) days of April 16, 2025 to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person holding the common stock
options or RSUs for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person. We did not deem these shares outstanding, however,
for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 18pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise indicated, the
address of each beneficial owner listed in the table below is c/o Sonim Technologies, Inc., 4445 Eastgate Mall, Suite 200, San Diego,
CA 92121. The information provided in the table is based on our records, information filed with the SEC, and information provided to us,
except where otherwise noted.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&nbsp;</b></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><b>Shares Beneficially Owned</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&nbsp;</b></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Beneficial Owner Name</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&nbsp;</b></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><b>Number</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&nbsp;</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&nbsp;</b></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><b>Percentage</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&nbsp;</b></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Directors and Named Executive Officers</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 64%">James Cassano<sup>(1)</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right">61,485</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right">*</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Peter Liu<sup>(2)</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">439,236</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">5.05</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Mike Mulica<sup>(1)</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">79,091</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">*</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Jack Steenstra<sup>(1)</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">61,498</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">*</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Jeffrey Wang<sup>(3)</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,962,103</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">23.19</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Clay Crolius<sup>(4)</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">61,298</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">*</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">Charles Becher<sup>(5)</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">101,494</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: right">*</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">All current executive officers and directors as a group (7 persons)<sup>(6)</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">2,261,770</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">30.64</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Five Percent Holders</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">AJP Holding Company, LLC<sup>(3)</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,962,103 </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">23.01</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Orbic North America, LLC<sup>(3)</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> 1,962,103 </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> 23.01 </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> % </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Jiang Liu<sup>(7)</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> 700,000 </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> 7.95 </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">*</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Represents beneficial ownership of less than one percent (1%) of the outstanding shares of our common stock.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Includes 46,728 shares of common stock issuable pursuant
    to previously granted RSUs that will vest within 60 days of April 16, 2025. </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Includes (i) options to purchase 201,650 shares of common
    stock exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2025 and (ii) 31,802 shares of common stock issuable pursuant to previously
    granted RSUs that will vest within 60 days of April 16, 2025. </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Based solely on (A) a Schedule 13D/A filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025 (the &ldquo;Orbic Group Report&rdquo;), by the Section 13(d) group (the &ldquo;Orbic Group&rdquo;) consisting of (i) Jeffrey Wang, (ii) AJP Holding Company, LLC (&ldquo;AJP&rdquo;); (iii) Orbic North America, LLC (&ldquo;Orbic&rdquo;); (iv) Ashima Narula, the sole member and manager of Orbic North America, LLC; and (v) Parveen Narula, the Chief Executive Officer of Orbic North America, LLC and (B) Section 16 filings of Mr. Wang. Section 13(d) and Rule 13d-5 under the Exchange Act provide that, when two or more beneficial owners of a class of equity security registered under Section 12 agree to act together as a group for the purpose of voting equity securities of an issuer, the &ldquo;group&rdquo; will be deemed to have acquired beneficial ownership of all shares held by all members of the group. Consists of (i) 14,757 shares of common stock held directly by Mr. Wang (which were not disclosed in the Orbic Report), (ii) 1,946,346 shares of common stock held by AJP (to which the members of the Orbic Group share voting and dispositive power), and (iii) 1,000 shares of common stock held by Orbic (to which the members of the Orbic Group share voting and dispositive power). The 1,946,345 shares held by AJP are subject to a proxy agreement by and between AJP and Orbic that limits AJP&rsquo;s dispositive power and grants the voting power to Orbic. Mr. Wang is the sole manager of AJP and disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. Parveen Narula serves as Chief Executive Officer of Orbic. Ashima Narula is the sole member and manager of Orbic. The principal office address or business of each member of the Orbic Group is as follows: (i) for AJP and Jeffery Wang &mdash; P.O. Box 2729, Sunnyvale, CA 94087 and (ii) for Orbic and Ashima Narula and Parveen Narula &mdash; 555 Wireless Blvd., Hauppauge, NY 11788. </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(4)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Includes (i) options to purchase 35,667 shares of common
    stock exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2025 and (ii) 16,961 shares of common stock issuable pursuant to previously
    granted RSUs that will vest within 60 days of April 16, 2025. </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(5)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Includes (i) options to purchase 15,000 shares of common
    stock exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2025 and (ii) 35,336 shares of common stock issuable pursuant to previously
    granted RSUs that will vest within 60 days of April 16, 2025. </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(6)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Includes (i) options to purchase 252,317 shares of common
    stock exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2025 and (ii) 224,283 shares of common stock issuable pursuant to previously
    granted RSUs that will vest within 60 days of April 16, 2025. </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(7)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Includes options to purchase 350,000 shares of common stock
    exercisable within 60 days of April 16, 2025. </td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><a name="SL_005"></a>Certain Relationships
and Related Party Transactions</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We have a written Related-Person
Transactions Policy that sets forth the Company&rsquo;s policies and procedures regarding the identification, review, consideration and
approval or ratification of &ldquo;related-persons transactions.&rdquo; For purposes of the Company&rsquo;s policy only, a &ldquo;related-person
transaction&rdquo; is a transaction, arrangement or relationship (or any series of similar transactions, arrangements, or relationships)
in which the Company and any &ldquo;related person&rdquo; are participants involving an amount that exceeds $120,000. Transactions involving
compensation for services provided to the Company as an employee, director, consultant, or similar capacity by a related person are not
covered by this policy. A related person is any executive officer, director, or more than 5% stockholder of the Company, including any
of their immediate family members, and any entity owned or controlled by such persons.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Under the policy, where a transaction
has been identified as a related-person transaction, management must present information regarding the proposed related-person transaction
to the Audit Committee (or, where Audit Committee approval would be inappropriate, to another independent body of the board of directors)
for consideration and approval or ratification. The presentation must include a description of, among other things, the material facts,
the interests, direct and indirect, of the related persons, the benefits to the Company of the transaction and whether any alternative
transactions were available. To identify related-person transactions in advance, the Company relies on information supplied by its executive
officers, directors and certain significant stockholders. In considering related-person transactions, the Audit Committee takes into account
the relevant available facts and circumstances including, but not limited to:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) the risks, costs and benefits
to the Company;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) the impact on a director&rsquo;s
independence in the event the related person is a director, immediate family member of a director or an entity with which a director is
affiliated;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) the terms of the transaction;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) the availability of other sources
for comparable services or products; and</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">(e) the terms available to or from,
as the case may be, unrelated third parties or to or from employees generally.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event a director has an
interest in the proposed transaction, the director must recuse himself or herself from the deliberations and approval. The policy requires
that, in determining whether to approve, ratify or reject a related-person transaction, the Audit Committee consider, in light of known
circumstances, whether the transaction is in, or is not inconsistent with, the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, as
the Audit Committee determines in the good faith exercise of its discretion.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Related Party Transactions</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The following is a description
of transactions since January 1, 2022, to which we have been a participant and in which (i) the amount involved exceeded or will exceed
the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets as of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, and (ii) any of our
directors, executive officers or holders of more than 5% of our common stock, or any members of their immediate family, had or will have
a direct or indirect material interest, other than compensation arrangements which are described in the sections titled &ldquo;<i><A HREF="#SL_003">Executive and Director Compensation</A></i>.&rdquo;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Subscription Agreement and Corollary Arrangements</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Subscription Agreement</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">On April 13, 2022, the Company
entered into a Subscription Agreement (the &ldquo;Subscription Agreement&rdquo;) with AJP Holding Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability
company (the &ldquo;Purchaser&rdquo;), pursuant to which Purchaser agreed to purchase from the Company an aggregate of 2,083,334 shares
of the Company&rsquo;s common stock for a purchase price of $17,500,000 (the &ldquo;Purchased Shares&rdquo;). As of the date of the Subscription
Agreement, Mr. Peter Liu, who then served as Sonim&rsquo;s Executive VP for Global Operations and Engineering, was appointed Chief Executive
Officer of Sonim. The Subscription Agreement additionally provided for the issuance of a certain portion of the Purchased Shares to Mr.
Liu rather than the Purchaser. Mr. Wang, currently a member of the board of directors of the Company, is the sole manager and the owner
of 40% of the membership interests in the Purchaser.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Insider Voting Agreement</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">In connection with the Subscription
Agreement, all then-members of the board of directors of the Company and Robert Tirva, then President, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief
Operating Officer of the Company, each as stockholders of the Company, entered into a Voting and Support Agreement, dated April 13, 2022,
with the Company and Purchaser whereby such stockholders agreed, among other things, to vote the shares of common stock of the Company
owned and/or controlled by such stockholder in favor of the adoption of the Subscription Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby,
as well as such other matters set forth in the Voting and Support Agreements. Each Voting and Support Agreement also contained a restriction
on the transfer of shares of common stock of the Company, subject to limited exceptions. Each Voting and Support Agreement terminated
upon the First Closing, as defined in and as consummated pursuant to the Subscription Agreement on July 13, 2022.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Support Agreements</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">On June 28, 2022, the Company held
its special meeting of stockholders (the &ldquo;Special Meeting&rdquo;), whereby the stockholders of the Company approved the Subscription
Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby by approximately 71.98% of the votes cast. Following the Special Meeting, on July
13, 2022, the Company and the Purchaser consummated the First Closing.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">In accordance with the terms of
the Subscription Agreement, on July 13, 2022, the Company and the Purchaser entered into a support agreement (the &ldquo;Purchaser Support
Agreement&rdquo;), whereby the Purchaser agreed, among other things, to vote the shares of common stock owned by Purchaser in favor of
the election of Mr. Howe and Mr. Mulica, as well as such other matters set forth in the Purchaser Support Agreement. The Purchaser Support
Agreement also required, as a condition to the Purchaser transferring any shares of common stock owned by the Purchaser, that the acquirer
of such shares of common stock agree to be bound by the terms of the Purchaser Support Agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">In accordance with the terms of
the Subscription Agreement, on July 13, 2022, the Company and Mr. Liu entered into a support agreement (the &ldquo;Designee Support Agreement&rdquo;).
The terms of the Designee Support Agreement were analogous to the terms of the Purchaser Support Agreement, provided that the Designee
Support Agreement extended its requirements solely to 95,239 shares of our common stock issued during the First Closing rather than the
entirety of the shares of common stock owned by Mr. Liu.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Both the Purchaser Support Agreement
and the Designee Support Agreement were terminated at the Director End Time (as such term defined in the Subscription Agreement) due to
the formal conclusion of certain investigation relating to the Company by the SEC.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Registration Rights Agreement</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">In accordance with the terms of
the Subscription Agreement, on July 13, 2022, the Company and the Purchaser entered into a registration rights agreement (the &ldquo;Registration
Rights Agreement&rdquo;). Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company is required (among other things), within 30 days
of the Second Closing (as defined in the Subscription Agreement), to file with the SEC a registration statement to register the resale
of all registrable securities held by Purchaser or any person that receives Registrable Securities (as that term is defined in the Registration
Rights Agreement) (each a &ldquo;Holder&rdquo;). The Company&rsquo;s obligation to register the Registrable Securities for sale under
the Securities Act of 1933 terminates upon the first to occur of (i) the date that is five years from the effective date of the shelf
registration statement filed by the Company pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, (ii) the date on which all Holders can sell
shares of common stock of the Company under Rule 144 without volume restrictions, and (iii) the date on which no registrable securities
are held by any Holder.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>2024 Subscription Agreement</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">On April 29, 2024, the Company
entered into a subscription agreement (the &ldquo;2024 Subscription Agreement&rdquo;) with and Jiang Liu, a greater than five percent
(5%) security holder of the Company, providing for the private placement of (i) 350,000 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock and
(ii) warrants to purchase up to 350,000 shares of common stock (the &ldquo;Warrants&rdquo;) for an aggregate purchase price of $3,850,000.
Each Warrant has an exercise price of $11 per share, is immediately exercisable, will expire on April 29, 2029 (five years from the date
of issuance), and is subject to customary adjustments for certain transactions affecting the Company&rsquo;s capitalization.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>2024 Registration Rights Agreement</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">In accordance with the terms of
the 2024 Subscription Agreement, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (the &ldquo;2024 Registration Rights Agreement&rdquo;)
with Mr. Liu. Pursuant to the 2024 Registration Rights Agreement, the Company agreed to prepare and file a registration statement (the
&ldquo;Initial Registration Statement&rdquo;) with the SEC by May 30, 2024 for purposes of registering the resale of shares of common
stock (i) issued and sold pursuant to the 2024 Subscription Agreement, (ii) issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, (iii) issuable in
connection with any anti-dilution provisions in the Warrants and (iv) any securities issued or then issuable upon any stock split, dividend
or other distribution, recapitalization or similar event with respect to the foregoing. The Company agreed to use commercially reasonable
efforts to cause the Initial Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC by &lrm;&lrm;October&lrm; &lrm;29&lrm;, &lrm;2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Ordinary Course of Business Transactions with
Related Persons</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Set forth below are the transactions
with various entities, in which we believe Dr. Charles Wang, the father of our director, Jeffrey Wang, holds an indirect interest of approximately
40%.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>2023-2024 ODM Arrangement</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective December 15, 2023, in the ordinary course
of business, the Company entered into an agreement pursuant to which the Company would execute various statements of work and sell white
label products under the ODM model arrangement (the &ldquo;ODM Arrangement&rdquo;). Pursuant to the ODM Arrangement, the Company consummated
various transactions as follows:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fiscal Year</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Approximate Aggregate Dollar Amount</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 20%; text-align: right">382,771</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: center">2024</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">7,658,442</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Engineering Services</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company entered into agreements
to provide engineering services, all of which were executed in the ordinary course of business. Amounts incurred under these agreements
were and are expected to be capitalized as contract fulfillment assets.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Date of the Agreement</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Aggregate Dollar Amount Payable by Sonim</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: center">October 1, 2024</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 20%; text-align: right">1,000,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: center">February 14, 2025</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">3,000,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">On April 1, 2025, the Company entered
into an agreement to purchase parts and components to be used in the manufacturing of the Company&rsquo;s products for the aggregate amount
of approximately $1,000,000.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b><i>Limitation of Liability and Indemnification
of Officers and Directors</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company provides indemnification
for its directors and officers so that they will be free from undue concern about personal liability in connection with their service
to the Company. Under the Company&rsquo;s bylaws, the Company is required to indemnify its directors and officers to the extent not prohibited
under Delaware or other applicable law. The Company has also entered into indemnity agreements with its executive officers and directors.
These agreements provide, among other things, that the Company will indemnify the officer or director, under the circumstances and to
the extent provided for in the agreement, for expenses, damages, judgments, fines and settlements he or she may be required to pay in
actions or proceedings which he or she is or may be made a party by reason of his or her position as a director, officer or other agent
of the Company, and otherwise to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law and the Company&rsquo;s bylaws.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Director Independence</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">As required by applicable rules
of Nasdaq and our Corporate Governance Guidelines, a majority of the members of our board of directors qualify as &ldquo;independent,&rdquo;
as affirmatively determined by the board of directors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">In making these determinations,
our board of directors considered certain relationships and transactions that occurred in the ordinary course of business between the
Company and entities with which some of our directors are or have been affiliated. The board of directors determined that such transactions
would not impair the particular director&rsquo;s independence or interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out director
responsibilities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our board of directors undertook a review of the independence
of each director and considered whether any director has a material relationship that could compromise his or her ability to exercise
independent judgment in carrying out his or her responsibilities as a director. After review of all relevant transactions or relationships
between each director, or any of his or her family members, and the Company, its senior management and its independent registered public
accounting firm, the board of directors affirmatively determined that all of our directors are independent directors within the meaning
of the applicable Nasdaq listing standards, except for Mr. Liu, who serves as our Chief Executive Officer.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><a name="SL_006"></a>Description of Capital
Stock</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"> The following description of our capital stock is intended as a summary only and therefore is not a complete description
of our capital stock. This description is based upon, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our amended and restated certificate
of incorporation, as amended, our amended and restated bylaws and applicable provisions of Delaware law. You should read our amended and
restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, and our amended and restated bylaws, which have been publicly filed with the SEC, for
the provisions that are important to you. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>General</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our authorized capital stock consists
of 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 5,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share (&ldquo;Preferred
Stock&rdquo;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Common Stock</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Voting Rights</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Each holder of our Common Stock
is entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Cumulative voting for
the election of directors is not provided for in our certificate of incorporation, which means that the holders of a majority of our shares
of Common Stock voted can elect all of the directors then standing for election. The affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2&#8725;3%
of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock, voting as a single class, is required to amend certain provisions
of Certificate of Incorporation, including provisions relating to amending our amended and restated bylaws, removal of directors, vacancies
on our board, director liability, actions by written consent and exclusive jurisdiction.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Dividend Rights</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to preferences that may
apply to shares of Preferred Stock outstanding at the time, the holders of outstanding shares of our Common Stock are entitled to receive
dividends out of funds legally available at the times and in the amounts that our board of directors may determine.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Liquidation Rights</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon our liquidation, dissolution,
or winding-up, the assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders would be distributable ratably among the holders of our
Common Stock and any participating Preferred Stock outstanding at that time after payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding
shares of Preferred Stock and payment of other claims of creditors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Preemptive or Similar Rights</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Common Stock is not entitled
to preemptive rights and is not subject to conversion or redemption. The rights of the holders of our Common Stock are subject to, and
may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our Preferred Stock that our board of directors may
designate and issue in the future.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Preferred Stock</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our board of directors is authorized,
without stockholders&rsquo; approval (unless such stockholder approval is required by applicable law or stock exchange listing rules),
to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of our Preferred Stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be
included in each series, to fix the designation, powers, preferences, and rights of the shares of each series and any of its qualifications,
limitations, or restrictions. Our board of directors can also increase or decrease the number of shares of any series of Preferred Stock,
but not below the number of shares of that series then outstanding, unless approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority
of our capital stock entitled to vote, or such other vote as may be required by the certificate of designation establishing the series.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our board of directors may authorize
the issuance of Preferred Stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders
of the Common Stock. The issuance of Preferred Stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate
purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in our control, the removal of existing
management, and might adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of our Common
Stock. We have no Preferred Stock currently outstanding.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Anti-Takeover Effects of the Certificate of Incorporation
and Bylaws and Delaware Law</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Certificate of Incorporation
and Bylaws contain certain provisions that could have the effect of delaying, deterring, or preventing another party from acquiring control
of our company. These provisions and certain provisions of the DGCL, which are summarized below, may discourage coercive takeover practices
and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed, in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of our company
to negotiate first with our board of directors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Undesignated Preferred Stock</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">As discussed above, our board of
directors has the ability to issue Preferred Stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt
to acquire control of our company. These and other provisions may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in
control or management of our company.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Limits on Ability of Stockholders
to Act by Written Consent or Call a Special Meeting</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Certificate of Incorporation
provides that our stockholders may not act by written consent, which may lengthen the amount of time required to take stockholder actions.
As a result, a holder controlling a majority of our capital stock would not be able to amend our Bylaws or remove directors without holding
a meeting of our stockholders called in accordance with our Bylaws.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, our Bylaws provide
that special meetings of the stockholders may be called only by the chairperson of our board, our Chief Executive Officer, or our board
of directors. Stockholders may not call a special meeting, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a
proposal or for holders controlling a majority of our capital stock to take any action, including the removal of directors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Requirements for Advance Notification
of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Bylaws establish advance notice
procedures with respect to stockholder proposals and the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than nominations made
by or at the direction of our board of directors or a committee of our board of directors. These provisions may have the effect of precluding
the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed. These provisions may also discourage or deter
a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer&rsquo;s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting
to obtain control of our company.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>No Cumulative Voting</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Certificate of Incorporation
and Bylaws do not permit cumulative voting in the election of directors. Cumulative voting allows a stockholder to vote a portion or all
of the stockholder&rsquo;s shares for one or more candidates for seats on the board of directors. Without cumulative voting, a minority
stockholder may not be able to gain as many seats on our board of directors as the stockholder would be able to gain if cumulative voting
were permitted. The absence of cumulative voting makes it more difficult for a minority stockholder to gain a seat on our board of directors
to influence our board&rsquo;s decision regarding a takeover or otherwise.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Amendment of Certificate of
Incorporation and Bylaws Provisions</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The amendment of the above provisions
of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws requires approval by holders of at least two-thirds of our outstanding capital stock entitled
to vote generally in the election of directors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><i>&nbsp;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We are subject to the provisions
of Section 203 of the DGCL (&ldquo;Section 203&rdquo;) regulating corporate takeovers. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held
Delaware corporation from engaging, under certain circumstances, in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period
of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder unless:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">prior to the date of the transaction, our board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">upon completion of the transaction that resulted
in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation
outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, calculated as provided under Section 203; or</p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">at or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by our board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Generally, a business combination
includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An interested
stockholder is a person that, together with affiliates and associates, owns or, within three years prior to the determination of interested
stockholder status, did own 15% or more of a corporation&rsquo;s outstanding voting stock. The existence of this provision may have an
anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions our board of directors does not approve in advance. We also anticipate that Section
203 may discourage attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of Common Stock held by stockholders.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The provisions of the DGCL and
the provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers
and, as a consequence, might also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our Common Stock that often result from actual
or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions might also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible
that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders might otherwise deem to be in their best
interests.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Choice of Forum</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Certificate of Incorporation
provides that unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or,
if and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware lacks subject matter jurisdiction, any state court located within the State
of Delaware or, if and only if all such state courts lack subject matter jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of
Delaware) shall be the exclusive forum for the following types of actions or proceedings under Delaware statutory or common law: (i) any
derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (ii) any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer
or other employee to us or our stockholders; (iii) any action asserting a claim against us or any director or officer or other employee
arising pursuant to the DGCL, our Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws; (iv) any action or proceeding to interpret, apply, enforce or
determine the validity of the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws; (v) any action or proceeding as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction
to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware; or (vi) any action asserting a claim against us or any director or officer or other
employee that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by law and subject to the court&rsquo;s
having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants. This provision would not apply to claims brought to enforce
a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Our Certificate
of Incorporation further provides that the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for resolving
any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (&ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;). Pursuant
to our Certificate of Incorporation, any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock
is deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the exclusive forum provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation. Although the
Company believes these provisions benefit the Company by providing increased consistency in the application of law in the types of lawsuits
to which they apply, these provisions may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against the Company and the Company&rsquo;s directors
and officers.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Registration Rights</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Certain holders of our Common Stock
are entitled to rights with respect to the registration of their shares under the Securities Act pursuant to certain registration rights
agreements filed as exhibits to the Annual Report on Form 10-K to which this exhibit is a part:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><b>Registration Rights Agreement</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><b>Registration Statement Information</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><b>Expiration of Registration Rights</b></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td rowspan="7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2022, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and AJP Holding Company, LLC</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td rowspan="7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Registration Statement on Form S-3 No. 333-275847 filed with the SEC on December 1, 2023 and declared effective on December 15, 2023</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">The Company&rsquo;s obligations to register registrable securities for sale under the Securities Act with respect to any holder shall terminate on the first to occur:</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(i)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">period of five (5) years from the date the shelf registration statement is declared effective by the Commission,</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(ii)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">the date on which all holders can sell the shares of Common Stock under Rule 144 without volume restrictions, and</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(iii)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">the date on which no registrable securities are held by any holder.</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 30%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 30%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 33%">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td rowspan="6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2024, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and the purchaser named therein, as amended by the first amendment dated as of June 2, 2024</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td rowspan="6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Registration Statement on Form S-3 No. 333-282156 filed with the SEC on <u>September 16, 2024</u> and declared effective on September 27, 2024</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">The Company&rsquo;s obligations to register registrable securities for sale under the Securities Act with respect to any holder shall terminate on the first to occur:</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(i)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">registrable securities have been disposed of by the holder in accordance with the effective registration statement or Rule 144;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(ii)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">registrable securities became eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions and without current public information pursuant to Rule 144 as set forth in a written opinion letter to such effect; and</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(iii)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">April 29, 2026.</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Trading Symbol and Market</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Common Stock is traded on The
Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbol &ldquo;SONM.&rdquo;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>Transfer Agent and Registrar</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The transfer agent and registrar
for our Common Stock is Equinity Trust Company, LLC (formerly, American Stock Transfer &amp; Trust Company, LLC). The transfer agent&rsquo;s address is 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219, telephone (800) 937-5449. </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><b><A NAME="dso_001"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF THE SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING</b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><b>&nbsp;</b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are offering (i) up to [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] shares of our common stock or pre-funded warrants.
We are also registering the shares of common stock issuable from time to time upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants offered hereby.</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&nbsp;</b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Common
Stock</b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
material terms and provisions of our common stock and each other class of our securities which, if designated and issued, qualifies or
limits our common stock are described under the caption &ldquo;<A HREF="#SL_006">Description of Capital Stock</A>&rdquo; in this prospectus.</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&nbsp;</b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Pre-Funded
Warrants</b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following summary of certain terms and provisions of the pre-funded warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject
to, and qualified in its entirety by the provisions of, the pre-funded warrant. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms
and provisions of the form of pre-funded warrant for a complete description of the terms and conditions of the pre-funded warrants. The
form of pre-funded warrant is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>General</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
term &ldquo;pre-funded&rdquo; refers to the fact that the purchase price of each pre-funded warrant, at closing, will equal the price
per share at which shares of our common stock and accompanying warrants to purchase common stock are being sold to the public in this
offering, minus $0.001, and the exercise price of each pre-funded warrant will equal $0.001 per share of common stock. The purpose of
the pre-funded warrants is to enable investors that may have restrictions on their ability to beneficially own more than 4.99% (or, upon
election of the holder, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock following the consummation of this offering the opportunity to invest
capital into us without triggering their ownership restrictions, by receiving pre-funded warrants in lieu of our common stock to the
extent it would result in such ownership of more than 4.99% (or 9.99%), and receive the ability to purchase the shares underlying the
pre-funded warrants at such nominal price at a later date.</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Duration</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
pre-funded warrants offered hereby will entitle the holders thereof to purchase shares of our common stock at a nominal exercise price
of $0.001 per share, commencing immediately on the date of issuance. The pre-funded warrants do not expire.</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Exercise
Limitation</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of the pre-funded warrant if the holder (together with its affiliates and certain
related parties) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, upon election of the holder, 9.99%) of the number of shares of our common
stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the
terms of the pre-funded warrants. However, any holder may increase or decrease such percentage, provided that any increase will not be
effective until the 61<sup>st</sup> day after notice of such election is provided to us.</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Exercise
Price</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
pre-funded warrants will have an exercise price of $0.001 per share. The exercise price is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event
of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our common
stock and also upon any distributions of assets, including cash, stock or other property to our stockholders.</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Transferability</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subject
to applicable laws, the pre-funded warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without our consent upon surrender of the pre-funded warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer.</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Exchange
Listing</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
is no established trading market for the pre-funded warrants and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend
to apply for the listing of the pre-funded warrants on any national securities exchange or other trading market. Without an active trading
market, the liquidity of the pre-funded warrants will be limited.</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Fundamental
Transactions</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
a fundamental transaction occurs, then the successor entity will succeed to, and be substituted for us, and may exercise every right
and power that we may exercise and will assume all of our obligations under the pre-funded warrants with the same effect as if such successor
entity had been named in the pre-funded warrant itself. If holders of our common stock are given a choice as to the securities, cash
or property to be received in a fundamental transaction, then the holder shall be given the same choice as to the consideration it receives
upon any exercise of the pre-funded warrant following such fundamental transaction.</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Rights
as a Stockholder</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></font> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
as otherwise provided in the pre-funded warrants or by virtue of such holder&rsquo;s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holder
of a pre-funded warrant does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our common stock, including any voting rights, until the
holder exercises the pre-funded warrant.</font> </p>
<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><a name="SL_007"></a>Material U.S. Federal
Income Tax Consequences To Non-U.S. Holders</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The following discussion describes
the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common stock and pre-funded
warrants acquired in this offering. This discussion is based on the current provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended (the &ldquo;Code&rdquo;), existing and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, and administrative
rulings and court decisions in effect as of the date hereof, all of which are subject to change at any time, possibly with
retroactive effect. No ruling has been or will be sought from the Internal Revenue Service (the &ldquo;IRS&rdquo;), with respect to
the matters discussed below, and there can be no assurance the IRS will not take a contrary position regarding the tax consequences
of the acquisition, ownership or disposition of our common stock and pre-funded warrants, or that any such contrary position would not be sustained by a court. </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> We assume in this discussion that the
shares of our common stock and pre-funded warrants will be held as capital assets (generally, property held for investment).
This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxes, does not discuss the potential application of
the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income or the alternative minimum tax and does not deal with state or local
taxes, U.S. federal gift and estate tax laws, except as specifically provided below with respect to non-U.S. holders, or any non- U.S.
tax consequences that may be relevant to holders in light of their particular circumstances. This discussion also does not address the
special tax rules applicable to particular holders, such as </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>


<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">&#9679;</p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> financial
    institutions; </p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">&nbsp;</p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">&nbsp;</p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">&nbsp;</p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> &#9679; </p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> brokers
    or dealers in securities or currencies or traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their
    securities holdings; </p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> &nbsp; </p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> &nbsp; </p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> &nbsp; </p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> &#9679; </p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> tax-exempt
    organizations; </p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> &nbsp; </p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> &nbsp; </p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> &nbsp; </p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> &#9679; </p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> pension
    plans; </p></td></tr>
   <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
   <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> &#9679; </p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> regulated
    investment companies, real estate investment trusts; </p></td></tr>
    <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
    <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">&#9679;</p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> owners
    that hold our common stock and pre-funded warrants as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion transaction, synthetic
    security or other integrated investment</p></td></tr>

  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">&#9679;</p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">insurance
    companies;</p></td></tr>

  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> &#9679; </p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> persons
    that own, or are deemed to own, more than 5% of our capital stock and pre-funded warrants (except to the extent specifically set
    forth below); </p></td></tr>
    <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
    <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">&#9679;</p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> entities
    or arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes and other pass-through entities (and partners or other
    investors therein); </p></td></tr>
    <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
    <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">&#9679;</p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">controlled
    foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies, or corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal
    income tax;</p></td></tr>
    <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
    <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">&#9679;</p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> persons
    subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of any item of gross income with respect to our common stock and pre-funded warrants
    being taken into account in an applicable financial statement; </p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">&#9679;</p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">persons
    deemed to sell our common stock and pre-funded warrants under the constructive sale provisions of the Code; and </p></td></tr>
   <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
   <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">&#9679;</p></td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> certain
    U.S. expatriates and certain former citizens or long-term residents of the United States. </p></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> In addition, this discussion does not address
the tax treatment of partnerships or other pass-through entities or persons who hold our common stock and pre-funded warrants through
partnerships or other entities which are pass-through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A partner in a
partnership or other pass-through entity that will hold our common stock and pre-funded warrants should consult his,
her or its own tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our common stock and pre-funded
warrants through a partnership or other pass-through entity, as applicable. </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> This discussion of U.S. federal income tax considerations
is for general information purposes only and is not tax advice. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding
the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income and other tax considerations of acquiring, holding and disposing of our common stock
and pre-funded warrants. </p>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the purposes of this discussion, a &ldquo;U.S. Holder&rdquo; means a beneficial owner of our common stock and
pre-funded warrants that is: </FONT></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes), created or organized in or under the laws
of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
a trust if it (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more U.S. persons (within the
meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code) have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) has a valid election
in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
&ldquo;Non-U.S. Holder&rdquo; is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a beneficial owner of our common stock and pre-funded warrants
that is not a U.S. Holder or an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>General
Treatment of Pre-Funded Warrants</B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Although
the law in this area is not completely settled, the pre-funded warrants are generally expected to be treated as shares of our common
stock for U.S. federal income tax purposes and a holder of pre-funded warrants should generally be taxed in the same manner as a holder
of common stock as described below. Accordingly, no gain or loss should be recognized upon the exercise of a pre-funded warrant and,
upon exercise, the holding period of a pre-funded warrant should carry over to the shares of common stock received. Similarly, the tax
basis of a pre-funded warrant should carry over to the shares of common stock received upon exercise, increased by the exercise price
(if applicable). Holders should discuss with their tax advisor the consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of the
pre-funded warrants, as well as the exercise of, certain adjustments to, and any payments in respect of the pre-funded warrants (including
potential alternative characterizations). The balance of this discussion generally assumes that the characterization described above
is respected for U.S. federal income tax purposes.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Allocation
of Purchase Price</B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
U.S. federal income tax purposes, the shares of common stock or pre-funded warrants acquired in this offering will be treated as an &ldquo;investment
unit&rdquo; consisting of one share of common stock or one pre-funded warrant to acquire one share of our common stock. The purchase
price for each investment unit will be allocated between these two components in proportion to their relative fair market values at the
time the unit is purchased by the holder. This allocation of the purchase price for each unit will establish the holder&rsquo;s initial
tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the share of common stock or pre-funded warrant included in each unit. The separation
of the share of common stock or pre-funded warrant included in each unit should not be a taxable event for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Each holder should consult his, her or its own tax advisor regarding the allocation of the purchase price for a unit.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Tax
Considerations Applicable to U.S. Holders</B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Distributions</i></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect
to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. In the event that</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
we do make distributions on our common stock to a U.S. Holder, those distributions generally will constitute dividends
for U.S. tax purposes to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S.
federal income tax principles). Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will constitute
a return of capital that is applied against and reduces, but not below zero, a U.S. Holder&rsquo;s adjusted tax basis in our common stock.
Any remaining excess will be treated as gain realized on the sale or exchange of our common stock as described below under the section
titled &ldquo;Disposition of Our common stock.&rdquo; Under current law, if certain requirements are met, a preferential U.S. federal
income tax rate will apply to any dividends paid to the beneficial owner of our common stock who is an individual U.S. Holder and meets
certain holding period requirements. </FONT></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Distributions
constituting dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes that are made to U.S. Holders that are corporate shareholders may qualify
for the dividends received deduction (a &ldquo;DRD&rdquo;), which is generally available to corporate shareholders. No assurance can
be given that we will have sufficient earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) to cause any distributions
to be eligible for a DRD. In addition, a DRD is available only if certain holding periods and other taxable income requirements are satisfied.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
taxation of a distribution received with respect to a pre-funded warrant is unclear. It is possible such a distribution would be treated
as a distribution as described in this section, although other treatments may also be possible. Holders should consult their tax advisors
regarding the proper treatment of any payments in respect of the pre-funded warrants.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT> </P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Disposition
of Our Common Stock</I></B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon
a sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock or upon the sale, exchange (other than by exercise), a U.S. Holder generally
will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized and the U.S. Holder&rsquo;s adjusted
tax basis in the common stock. Capital gain or loss will constitute long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder&rsquo;s holding
period for the common stock exceeds one year. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to certain limitations. U.S. Holders who
recognize losses with respect to a disposition of our common stock should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax treatment
of such losses.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Information
Reporting and Backup Withholding</I></B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Information
reporting requirements generally will apply to payments of dividends (including constructive dividends) on the common stock and to the
proceeds of a sale or other disposition of common stock paid by us to a U.S. Holder unless such U.S. Holder is an exempt recipient, such
as a corporation. Backup withholding will apply to those payments if the U.S. Holder fails to provide the holder&rsquo;s taxpayer identification
number, or certification of exempt status, or if the holder otherwise fails to comply with applicable requirements to establish an exemption.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Backup
withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or
a credit against the U.S. Holder&rsquo;s U.S. federal income tax liability provided the required information is timely furnished to the
IRS. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding their qualification for exemption from information reporting and backup
withholding and the procedure for obtaining such exemption.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Tax
Considerations Applicable to Non-U.S. Holders</B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Distributions</I></B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect
to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. In the event that we do make distributions on our common stock to a Non-U.S. Holder,
those distributions generally will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated
earnings and profits, as described in &ldquo;U.S. Holders - Distributions.&rdquo;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
distribution (including constructive distributions) on our common stock that is treated as a dividend</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
paid to a Non-U.S. Holder that is not effectively connected with the holder&rsquo;s conduct of a trade or business in the United States
will generally be subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable
income tax treaty between the United States and the Non-U.S. Holder&rsquo;s country of residence. To obtain a reduced rate, of withholding
under a treaty, a Non-U.S. Holder generally will be required to provide the applicable withholding agent with a properly executed
IRS Form W-8BEN, IRS Form W-8BEN-E or other appropriate form, certifying the Non-U.S. Holder&rsquo;s entitlement to benefits
under that treaty. Such form must be provided prior to the payment of dividends and must be updated periodically. If a Non-U.S. Holder
holds stock through a financial institution or other agent acting on the holder&rsquo;s behalf, the holder will be required to provide
appropriate documentation to such agent. The holder&rsquo;s agent may then be required to provide certification to the applicable withholding
agent, either directly or through other intermediaries. If you are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax under an
income tax treaty, you should consult with your own tax advisor to determine if you are able to obtain a refund or credit
of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing an appropriate claim for a refund with the IRS.</FONT></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
generally are not required to withhold tax on</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> dividends
paid (or constructive dividends deemed paid) to a Non-U.S. Holder that are effectively connected with the holder&rsquo;s
conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable to
a permanent establishment or fixed base that the holder maintains in the United States) if a properly executed IRS Form
W-8ECI, stating that the dividends are so connected, is furnished to us (or, if stock is held through a financial institution
or other agent, to the applicable withholding agent). In general, such effectively connected dividends will be subject to U.S. federal
income tax on a net income basis at the regular graduated rates applicable to U.S. persons. A corporate Non-U.S.
Holder receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to an additional &ldquo;branch profits tax,&rdquo;
which is imposed, under certain circumstances, at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable treaty)
on the corporate Non- U.S. Holder&rsquo;s effectively connected earnings and profits, subject to certain adjustments. </FONT></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
taxation of a distribution received with respect to a pre-funded warrant is unclear. It is possible such a distribution would be treated
as a distribution as described in this section, although other treatments may also be possible.</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
Non-U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the proper treatment of any payments in respect of the pre-funded
warrants. </FONT></p>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>&nbsp;</B></P>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> See also the sections below titled &ldquo;Backup
Withholding and Information Reporting&rdquo; and &ldquo;Foreign Accounts&rdquo; for additional withholding rules that may apply to dividends
paid to certain foreign financial institutions or non-financial foreign entities. </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><B><I>Disposition of Our Common Stock </I></B></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> Subject to the discussions below under the sections
titled &ldquo;Backup Withholding and Information Reporting&rdquo; and &ldquo;Foreign Accounts&rdquo; a Non-U.S. Holder generally
will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax with respect to gain realized on a sale or other taxable
disposition of our common stock unless:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">&#9679;</p></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black">the
    gain is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder&rsquo;s conduct of a trade or business in the United States,
    and if an applicable income tax treaty so provides, the gain is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base maintained
    by the Non-U.S. Holder in the United States; in these cases, the Non-U.S. Holder will be taxed on a net income basis at the regular
    graduated rates and in the manner applicable to U.S. persons, and if the Non-U.S. Holder is a corporation, an additional branch profits
    tax at a rate of 30%, or a lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty, may also apply; </p></td></tr>

<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> &#9679; </p></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> the
    Non-U.S. Holder is a nonresident alien present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the disposition and
    certain other requirements are met, in which case the Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to a 30% tax (or such lower rate as may be
    specified by an applicable income tax treaty between the United States and such holder&rsquo;s country of residence) on the net gain
    derived from the disposition, which may be offset by certain U.S.-source capital losses of the Non- U.S. Holder, if any; or </p></td></tr>
   <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
   <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> &#9679; </p></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; border-right-width: 0in; border-right-color: Black; border-left-width: 0in; border-left-color: Black"> our
    common stock constitutes a U.S. real property interest because we are, or have been at any time during the five-year period preceding
    such disposition (or the Non-U.S. Holder&rsquo;s holding period for the common stock, if shorter), a &ldquo;U.S. real property holding
    corporation,&rdquo; unless our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market and the Non-U.S. Holder held
    no more than 5% of our outstanding common stock, directly or indirectly, during the shorter of the five-year period ending on the
    date of the disposition or the period that the Non-U.S. Holder held our common stock. Generally, a corporation is a &ldquo;U.S. real
    property holding corporation&rdquo; if the fair market value of its &ldquo;U.S. real property interests&rdquo; (as defined in the
    Code and the applicable Treasury Regulations issued thereunder) equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market value of its
    worldwide real property interests plus its other assets used or held for use in a trade or business. Although there can be no assurance,
    we believe that we are not currently, and we do not anticipate becoming, a &ldquo;U.S. real property holding corporation&rdquo; for
    U.S. federal income tax purposes. No assurance can be provided that our common stock will be regularly traded on an established securities
    market for purposes of the rules described above. Special rules may apply to non-U.S. holders of pre-funded warrants, who should
    consult their tax advisors. Non-U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax considerations
    that could result if we are, or become, a &ldquo;U.S. real property holding corporation.&rdquo; </p></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><b><i>&nbsp;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><B><I>Backup Withholding and Information Reporting </I></B></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> We must report annually to the IRS and to each
Non-U.S. Holder the gross amount of the distributions (including constructive distributions) on our common stock paid to such
holder and the tax withheld, if any, with respect to such distributions. Non-U.S. Holders may have to comply with specific certification
procedures to establish that the holder is not a U.S. person (as defined in the Code) in order to avoid backup withholding at the applicable
rate, currently 24%, with respect to dividends (or constructive dividends) on our common stock. Generally, a holder will comply with
such procedures if it provides a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN, IRS Form W-8BEN-E (or other applicable IRS Form W-8)
or otherwise meets documentary evidence requirements for establishing that it is a Non-U.S. Holder, or otherwise establishes
an exemption. Dividends paid to Non-U.S. Holders subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax, as described above under the heading
&ldquo;Distributions,&rdquo; will generally be exempt from U.S. backup withholding. </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> Information reporting and backup withholding
generally will apply to the proceeds of a disposition of our common stock by a Non-U.S. Holder effected by or through the U.S.
office of any broker, U.S. or foreign, unless the holder certifies its status as a Non-U.S. Holder and satisfies certain other requirements,
or otherwise establishes an exemption. Generally, information reporting and backup withholding will not apply to a payment of disposition
proceeds to a Non-U.S. Holder where the transaction is effected outside the United States through a non-U.S. office of a broker.
However, for information reporting purposes, dispositions effected through a non-U.S. office of a broker with substantial U.S. ownership
or operations generally will be treated in a manner similar to dispositions effected through a U.S. office of a broker. Non-U.S. Holders
should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting and backup withholding rules to them. </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in">Copies of information returns may be made available
to the tax authorities of the country in which the Non-U.S. Holder resides or is incorporated under the provisions of a specific treaty
or agreement. </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in">Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any
amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a Non-U.S. Holder can be refunded or credited against the
Non-U.S. Holder&rsquo;s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that an appropriate claim is timely filed
with the IRS.</p>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">Foreign Accounts</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> Code Sections 1471-1474,
commonly referred to as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, or FATCA, and the Treasury Regulations issued thereunder
generally impose a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on dividends on, and, subject to the proposed Treasury
Regulations discussed below, the gross proceeds from a sale or other disposition of, our common stock such
institution enters into an agreement with the U.S. government to, among other things, withhold on certain payments and
to collect and provide to the U.S. tax authorities substantial information regarding the U.S. account holders of such institution
(which include certain equity and debt holders of such institution, as well as certain account holders that are foreign entities
with U.S. owners) or otherwise establishes an exemption. FATCA also generally imposes a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on
dividends on, and, subject to the proposed Treasury Regulations discussed below, the gross proceeds from a sale or other disposition
of, our common stock paid to a &ldquo;non-financial foreign entity&rdquo; (as defined under these rules) unless such entity provides
the withholding agent with a certification identifying the direct and indirect U.S. owners of the entity, certifies that it does not
have any substantial U.S. owners, or otherwise establishes an exemption. The withholding obligations under FATCA generally apply to
dividends on our common stock. The U.S. Department of the Treasury has issued proposed Treasury Regulations providing that,
if finalized in their present form, the withholding obligations under FATCA would not apply with respect to
payment of gross proceeds from a sale or other disposition of common stock. The proposed Treasury Regulations may
be relied upon until final Treasury Regulations are issued. Under certain circumstances, a non-U.S. holder might be eligible
for refunds or credits of taxes withheld under FATCA. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable
foreign country may modify the requirements described in this paragraph. Non-U.S. Holders are encouraged to consult with their own
tax advisors regarding the possible implications of FATCA on their investment in our common stock. </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> <B>The preceding discussion of material U.S. federal tax considerations is for information only. It is not tax advice.
Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the particular U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences
of purchasing, holding and disposing of our common stock or pre-funded warrants including the consequences of any proposed changes in
applicable laws.</B> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><A NAME="SL_008"></A> PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION </p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Roth
Capital Partners, LLC has agreed to act as our exclusive placement agent in connection with this offering on a reasonable best efforts
basis subject to the terms and conditions of the placement agency agreement dated [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;],
2025. The placement agent is not purchasing or selling any of the securities offered by this prospectus, nor is it required to arrange
for the purchase and sale of any specific number or dollar amount of such securities, other than to use its reasonable &ldquo;best efforts&rdquo;
to arrange for the sale of such securities by us. Therefore, we may not sell all of the securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus.
The securities will be offered at a fixed price and are expected to be issued in a single closing. We will enter into a securities purchase
agreement directly with certain investors, at the investor&rsquo;s option, who purchase our securities in this offering. Investors who
do not enter into a securities purchase agreement shall rely solely on this prospectus in connection with the purchase of our securities
in this offering.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
offering will terminate no later than [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], 2025, unless we decide to terminate the offering (which we may
do at any time in our discretion) prior to that date. We will have one closing for all the securities purchased in this offering. We
will deliver the securities being issued to the investors upon receipt of investor funds for the purchase of the securities offered pursuant
to this prospectus. We expect to deliver the securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus on or about [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;],
2025, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Fees
and Expenses</B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> &nbsp; </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have agreed to pay the placement agent an aggregate fee equal to seven percent (7.0%) of the purchase price paid by all purchasers in
this offering. In addition, we have agreed to reimburse the placement agent for its legal fees in an amount up to $100,000.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
estimate the total expenses of this offering paid or payable by us, exclusive of the placement agent fee, will be approximately $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;].
After deducting the fees due to the placement agent and our estimated expenses in connection with this offering, we expect the net proceeds
from this offering will be approximately $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] million.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table shows the per share and total cash fees we will pay to the placement agent in connection with the sale of the securities
pursuant to this prospectus.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </td><TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> Per Share </td><TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"> <B>Per Pre-Funded Warrant</B> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> Total </td><TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 46%"> Public offering price </td><TD STYLE="width: 2%"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"> $ </td><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </td><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 14%"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"> $ </td><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </td><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Placement agent fees<SUP>(1)</SUP></FONT> </td><TD> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> $ </td><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> $ </td><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proceeds, before expenses
    to us<SUP>(2)</SUP></FONT> </td><TD> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> $ </td><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> $ </td><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </td><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    have agreed to pay the placement agent a cash fee equal to 7.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised at the closing of this offering.
    We have also agreed to reimburse the placement agent for certain expenses and closing costs</FONT> </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Because
    there is no minimum number of securities or amount of proceeds required as a condition to closing in this offering, the actual public
    offering amount, placement agent fees, and proceeds to us, if any, are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than
    the total maximum offering amounts set forth above. </FONT> </td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Indemnification</B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have agreed to indemnify the placement agent and specified other persons against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the
Securities Act, and to contribute to payments the placement agent may be required to make in respect thereof.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Lock-Up
Agreements</B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
and certain of our directors and officers and certain stockholders have agreed with the placement agent to be subject to a period of
90 days following the closing of this offering. During the applicable lock-up period, we and such individuals and stockholders agreed,
subject to specified exceptions, not to sell or transfer any shares of common stock or securities convertible into, or exchangeable or
exercisable for, common stock. Specifically, we and such individuals agreed, in part, subject to certain exceptions, not to:</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">offer
    for sale, sell, pledge, or otherwise transfer or dispose of (or enter into any transaction or device that is designed to, or could
    be expected to, result in the transfer or disposition by any person at any time in the future of) any shares of common stock or securities
    convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock; </FONT> </td></tr>

<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">enter
    into any swap or other derivatives transaction that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic benefits or risks
    of ownership of shares of common stock; or </FONT> </td></tr>

<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">make
    any demand for or exercise any right or cause to be filed a registration statement, including any amendments thereto, with respect
    to the registration of any of our securities. </FONT> </td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Transfer
Agent and Registrar</B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
transfer agent and registrar for our Common Stock is Equinity Trust Company, LLC (formerly, American Stock Transfer &amp; Trust Company,
LLC). The transfer agent&rsquo;s address is 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219, telephone (800) 937-5449.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> </P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Determination
of Offering Price</B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
common stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq under the symbol &ldquo;SONM.&rdquo; On [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;], 2025, the reported
closing price per share of our common stock was $[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]. The final public offering
price will be determined between us, the placement agent and the investors in the offering, and may be at a discount to the current market
price of our common stock. Therefore, the assumed public offering price used throughout this prospectus may not be indicative of the
final public offering price.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Regulation
M</B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
placement agent may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act, and any commissions
received by it and any profit realized on the resale of the shares sold by it while acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting
discounts or commissions under the Securities Act. As an underwriter, the placement agent would be required to comply with the requirements
of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act and Rule 10b-5 and
Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules and regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of shares by the placement
agent acting as principal. Under these rules and regulations, the placement agents:</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">may
    not engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities; and </FONT> </td></tr>

<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT> </td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">may
    not bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities, other than as permitted
    under the Exchange Act, until it has completed its participation in the distribution. </FONT> </td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Electronic
Distribution</B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
prospectus in electronic format may be made available on a website maintained by the placement agent and the placement agent may distribute
prospectuses electronically. Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on these websites is not part of this prospectus
or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the placement agent
and should not be relied upon by investors.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Discretionary
Accounts</B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
placement agent does not intend to confirm sales of the securities offered hereby to any accounts over which it has discretionary authority.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Other
Activities and Relationships</B></FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
placement agent and certain of its affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include
securities trading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment,
hedging, financing and brokerage activities. The placement agent and certain of its affiliates may in the future perform various commercial
and investment banking and financial advisory services for us and our affiliates, for which they received or will receive customary fees
and expenses, but have performed no such services for us or our affiliates prior to this offering.</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 24.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the ordinary course of its various business activities, the placement agent and certain of its affiliates may make or hold a broad array
of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including
bank loans) for its own account and for the accounts of its customers, and such investment and securities activities may involve securities
and/or instruments issued by us and our affiliates. If the placement agent or its affiliates have a lending relationship with us, they
routinely hedge their credit exposure to us consistent with their customary risk management policies. The placement agent and its affiliates
may hedge such exposure by entering into transactions that consist of either the purchase of credit default swaps or the creation of
short positions in our securities or the securities of our affiliates, including potentially the common stock offered hereby. Any such
short positions could adversely affect future trading prices of the common stock offered hereby. The placement agent and certain of its
affiliates may also communicate independent investment recommendations, market color or trading ideas and/or publish or express independent
research views in respect of such securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long
and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.</FONT> </p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><a name="SL_009"></a>Legal Matters</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The validity of the issuance of
securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Venable LLP, New York, New York. Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the
placement agent by Pryor Cashman LLP, New York, New York.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><a name="SL_010"></a>Experts</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"> The consolidated financial
statements of Sonim Technologies, Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and for the years then ended incorporated
by reference in this prospectus from the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2024, have been audited
by Moss Adams LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of such firm given their authority as
experts in accounting and auditing. </p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><a name="SL_011"></a>Where You Can Find
Additional Information</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus forms part of a
registration statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC under the Securities Act. This prospectus does not contain all of the information
set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits to the registration statement or the documents incorporated by reference herein
and therein. For further information with respect to us and the securities offered under this prospectus, we refer you to the registration
statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as a part of the registration statement and the documents incorporated by reference herein
and therein. You should read the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We file annual, quarterly, and
current reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public over the Internet at
the SEC&rsquo;s website at http://www.sec.gov. We also maintain a website at https://ir.sonimtech.com. Through our website, we make available,
free of charge, annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other information as soon as reasonably practicable after
they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our website
is not part of, and is not incorporated into this prospectus.</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><A NAME="ap_001"></A>INCORPORATION
OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</B></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
SEC allows us to &ldquo;incorporate by reference&rdquo; information from other documents that we file with it, which means that we can
disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to
be part of this prospectus. Information in this prospectus supersedes information incorporated by reference that we filed with the SEC
prior to the date of this prospectus.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
incorporate by reference the documents listed below:</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            Annual Report on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000164117225001720/form10-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form 10-K</A> for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC
                                            on March 31, 2025;</FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            Current Reports on Form 8-K or Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315225003315/form8-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">January 23, 2025</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315225005904/form8-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">February 11, 2025</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315225007911/form8-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">February 21, 2025</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000164117225002512/form8-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">April 3, 2025</A>, and <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000164117225004972/form8-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">April 16, 2025</A>; </FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000119312519142714/d739083d8a12b.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form 8-A</A> filed
                                            with the SEC on May 9, 2019, as updated by <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000164117225001720/ex4-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Exhibit 4.4</A> of our Annual Report on Form
                                            10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025, and
                                            as subsequently amended or updated.</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, all documents subsequently filed by us (excluding any information furnished rather than filed) pursuant to Sections 13(a),
13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, prior to the termination of the offering shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into
this prospectus.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
statement contained in this prospectus or in any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus
will be deemed modified or superseded for the purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus
or any subsequently filed document which also is, or is deemed to be, incorporated by reference into this prospectus modifies or supersedes
that statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part
of this prospectus.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">You
may obtain any of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus from the SEC through the SEC&rsquo;s website at the address
provided above. You may also request and we will provide, free of charge, a copy of any document incorporated by reference in this prospectus
(excluding exhibits to such document unless an exhibit is specifically incorporated by reference in the document) by visiting our internet
website at https://ir.sonimtech.com or by writing or calling us at the following address and telephone number:</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sonim
Technologies, Inc.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4445
Eastgate Mall, Suite 200</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">San
Diego, CA 92121</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Telephone:
(650) 378-8100</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attn.:
Chief Financial Officer</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
accordance with Rule 412 of the Securities Act, any statement contained in a document incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed
modified or superseded to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is
deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement.</FONT> </P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>PROSPECTUS</B></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"> <B>&nbsp;</B> </P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 20pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"> <B>Roth Capital Partners</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"> <B>&nbsp;</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.75in"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,
<B>2025</B> </P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><A NAME="SL_012"></A>PART
II</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">Information Not Required
In Prospectus</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table indicates
the expenses to be incurred in connection with the offering described in this registration statement, other than other than the placement agent fees, all of which will be paid by us. All amounts are estimated except the SEC registration fee and the Financial
Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) filing fee.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 80%; text-align: left">SEC Registration fee</td><td style="width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Legal fees and expenses</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Accounting fees and expenses</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Printing and miscellaneous fees and expenses</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left"></td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">Total</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 145 of Title 8 of the Delaware
General Corporation Law (the &ldquo;DGCL&rdquo;) empowers a corporation, within certain limitations, to indemnify any person against expenses
(including attorneys&rsquo; fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred by such person in connection
with any suit or proceeding to which such person is a party by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee,
or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, as long as such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation. With respect to any criminal proceedings, such person
must have had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">In the case of a proceeding by
or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor (e.g., a stockholder derivative suit), a corporation may indemnify
an officer, director, employee, or agent if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or
not opposed to the best interests of the corporation; provided, however, that no person adjudged to be liable to the corporation may be
indemnified unless, and only to the extent that, the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought
determines upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability, in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is
fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which such court deems proper. A director, officer, employee, or agent who
is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in defense of any proceeding subject to the DGCL&rsquo;s indemnification provisions must be
indemnified by the corporation for reasonable expenses incurred therein, including attorneys&rsquo; fees.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL provides
that a corporation&rsquo;s certificate of incorporation may contain a provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director
to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, provided that such provision shall
not eliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director&rsquo;s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its
stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii)
under Section 174 of the DGCL, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">As permitted by the DGCL, our amended
and restated certificate of incorporation allows for indemnification of our directors, officers, employees, and other agents to the maximum
extent permitted by the DGCL. Our amended and restated bylaws also provide for the indemnification of our directors and executive officers
to the maximum extent permitted by the DGCL.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We have entered into indemnification
agreements with our directors and officers, whereby we have agreed to indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted
by law, including indemnification against expenses and liabilities incurred in legal proceedings to which the director or officer was,
or is threatened to be made, a party by reason of the fact that such director or officer is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent
of Sonim, provided that such director or officer acted in good faith and in a manner that the director or officer reasonably believed
to be in, or not opposed to, the best interest of Sonim.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We maintain insurance policies
that indemnify our directors and officers against various liabilities arising under the Exchange Act, that might be incurred by any director
or officer in his or her capacity as such.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The foregoing summaries are subject
to the complete text of the DGCL and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws and are qualified
in their entirety by reference thereto.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Set forth below is information
regarding shares of capital stock issued by us within the past three years. Also included is the consideration received by us for such
shares and information relating to the section of the Securities Act, or rule of the Securities and Exchange Commission, under which exemption
from registration was claimed.</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Date
    of Sale</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Description
of Securities and Consideration</B></FONT> </P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exemption
                                            from</B></FONT> </P>
                                                                                <P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Registration</B></FONT> </P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Underwriters
                                            and</B></FONT> </P>
                                                                                <P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Other
                                            Purchasers</B></FONT> </P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    13, 2022</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,083,333
    shares of common stock for a purchase price of $17,500,000</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
    4(a)(2) of the Securities Act or Regulation D promulgated thereunder</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">AJP
                                            Holding Company, LLC</FONT> </P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Peter
    Liu</FONT> </P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
    18, 2023</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23,000
    shares of common stock in consideration of consulting services</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
    4(a)(2) of the Securities Act</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Service
    provider</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    29, 2024</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    consideration of $3,850,000 for:</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
    4(a)(2) of the Securities Act or Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Individual
    accredited passive investor</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 4%; text-align: left"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">350,000
    shares of common stock, and</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 22%; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 22%; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">warrants
    to purchase up to 350,000 shares of common stock having an exercise price of $11 per share, is immediately exercisable, will expire
    on April 29, 2029 (five years from the date of issuance)</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">(1)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Exhibits</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Incorporation
    by Reference</B></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 0.5in; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Number</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.1in; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
    Description</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.1in; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 0.5in; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Form</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.1in; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 0.8in; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>File
    No.</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.1in; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 0.5in; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
    </B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.1in; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1in; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Filing
    Date</B></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.1*&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form
    of Subscription Agreement</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000119312519149725/d938487dex31.htm">Amended
    and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">May
    17, 2019</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000119312521273987/d202279dex31.htm">Certificate
    of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, effective September 15, 2021</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">September
    15, 2021</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.3</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315224028272/ex3-1.htm">Certificate
    of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, effective July 17, 2024</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    18, 2024</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.4</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315224023873/ex3-1.htm">Amended
    and Restated Bylaws of Sonim Technologies, Inc., as amended and restated as of June 14, 2024</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June
    14, 2024</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000119312519125083/d698320dex41.htm">Form
    of Common Stock Certificate of the Registrant</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-1/A</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">333-230887</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    29, 2019</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.2</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315224016851/ex4-1.htm">Form
    of Common Stock Purchase Warrant</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    29, 2024</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.3</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315225007911/ex4-1.htm">Promissory
    note dated as of February 21, 2025</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">February
    21, 2025</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> 4.4* </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"> Form of Pre-Funded Warrant to Purchase
    Common Stock </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.1*</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Opinion
    of Venable LLP</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1&dagger;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000119312519106699/d698320dex101.htm">2012
    Equity Incentive Plan and forms of agreements thereunder</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">333-230887</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    15, 2019</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2&dagger;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315225001686/ex99-1.htm">Sonim
    Technologies, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated as of January 1, 2025, and forms of agreements thereunder</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-8</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">333-284211</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">99.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">January
    10, 2025</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3&dagger;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000119312519125083/d698320dex103.htm">2019
    Employee Stock Purchase Plan</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-1/A</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">333-230887</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    29, 2019</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.4&dagger;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000119312519106699/d698320dex104.htm">Form
    of Indemnification Agreement, by and between the Registrant and each of its directors and executive officers</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">333-230887</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.4</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    15, 2019</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.5+#</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000119312520328747/d19920dex101.htm">Asset
    Purchase &amp; Employee Transfer Agreement dated as of December 22, 2020, by and among Sonim Technologies (India) Private Limited
    and Coforge Ltd.</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December
    29, 2020</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.6+#</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000119312521069774/d151970dex101.htm">ODM
    Services Agreement dated as of February 26, 2021, by and among Sonim Technologies, Inc. and FIH (Hong Kong) Limited</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March
    4, 2021</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.7&dagger;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315224011530/ex10-8.htm">Non-Employee
    Director Compensation Policy dated as of January 1, 2024</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907
    </FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.8
    </FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March
    27, 2024 </FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.8#</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000119312522104993/d325458dex101.htm">Subscription
    Agreement, dated as of April 13, 2022, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and AJP Holding Company, LLC</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    14, 2022</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.9&dagger;#</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315223044318/ex10-2.htm">Amended
    and restated letter agreement, dated as of December 8, 2023, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and Clay Crolius</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December
    11, 2023</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.10&dagger;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000164117225004972/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">First amendment to employment agreement, dated as of April 2, 2025, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and Clay Crolius</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 16, 2025</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.11</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000119312522192381/d305491dex105.htm">Registration
    Rights Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2022, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and AJP Holding Company, LLC</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.5</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    13, 2022</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.12&dagger;#</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315223044318/ex10-1.htm">Amended
    and restated letter agreement, dated as of December 8, 2023, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and Hao (Peter) Liu</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December
    11, 2023</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.13&dagger;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000164117225002512/ex10-1.htm">First
    amendment to employment agreement, dated as of April 2, 2025, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and Hao (Peter) Liu</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    3, 2025</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.14&dagger;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315223014963/ex10-19.htm">Employment
    Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2022, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and Charles Becher</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-K/A</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.19</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">May
    1, 2023</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.15#</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315224016851/ex10-1.htm">Subscription
    Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2024, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and the purchaser named therein</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    29, 2024</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.16</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315224016851/ex10-2.htm">Registration
    Rights Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2024, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and the purchaser named therein</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    29, 2024</FONT> </TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">

  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.17</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315224022549/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">First Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 2, 2024, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and the investor named therein</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June
    4, 2024</FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.18</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315224016851/ex10-3.htm">Lock-Up
    Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2024, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and the purchaser named therein</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    29, 2024</FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.19+</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315224038533/ex10-1.htm">Invoice
    Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 23, 2024, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and LS DE LLC</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">September
    27, 2024</FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.20</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315225007911/ex10-1.htm">Note
    Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 21, 2025, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and Streeterville Capital, LLC</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">February
    21, 2025</FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> 11.21* </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> Form of Purhcase Agreement </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21.1
    </FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000164117225001720/ex21-1.htm">Subsidiaries
    of the Registrant</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-K</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-38907</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March
    31, 2025</FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.1*</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent
    of Moss Adams LLP, independent registered public accounting firm</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 0.8in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 1in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.2*</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent
    of Venable LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24.1</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#pow_001">Power
    of Attorney (reference is made to the signature page hereto)</A></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">107*</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filing
    Fee Table</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
    be filed by amendment</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&dagger;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicates
    a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">+</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Schedules
    and certain portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) and Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">#</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain
    schedules and attachments have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish a copy of
    such schedules and attachments to the SEC upon its request</FONT> </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">(2)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Financial Statement Schedules</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Schedules not listed above have
been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the financial statements or notes
thereto.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align: left; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">Item 17. Undertakings.</p>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT> </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> (1) </td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: justify"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"> To
                                            file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment
                                            to this registration statement: </p>

</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> (i) </td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3)
    of the Securities Act of 1933; </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> (ii) </td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising
    after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually
    or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the
    foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed
    that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in
    the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent
    no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &ldquo;Calculation of Registration Fee&rdquo; table,
    as applicable, in the effective registration statement. </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> (iii) </td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> To include any material information with respect to
    the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the
    registration statement; </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: justify"> <I>provided, however</I>, that paragraphs (i), (ii), and (iii) of this section do
    not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed
    with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
    that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement, </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> (2) </td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">That, for the purpose of determining any liability under
    the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the
    securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering
    thereof.</FONT> </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> (3) </td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To remove from registration by means of a post-effective
    amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</FONT> </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> (5) </td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">That, for the purpose of determining liability under
    the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser: each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating
    to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A,
    shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided,
    however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a
    document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration
    statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that
    was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately
    prior to such date of first use.</FONT> </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> (6) </td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: justify"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"> That,
                                            for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933
                                            to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities: the undersigned registrant
                                            hereby undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant
                                            pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell
                                            the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser
                                            by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller
                                            to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: </p>

</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> (i) </td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned
    registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> (ii) </td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering
    prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> (iii) </td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating
    to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the
    undersigned registrant; and </td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </td>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> (iv) </td>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> Any other communication that is an offer in the offering
    made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. </td></tr>
  </table>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">That,
                                                                                                                                                                   for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant&rsquo;s annual report
                                                                                                                                                                   pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee
                                                                                                                                                                   benefit plan&rsquo;s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by
                                                                                                                                                                   reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered
                                                                                                                                                                   therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering
                                                                                                                                                                   thereof.</FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons
of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities
and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the
event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid
by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted
by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the
opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question
whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of
such issue.</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">That:</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
                                            purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted
                                            from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon
                                            Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule
                                            424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration
                                            statement as of the time it was declared effective.</FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
                                            the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective
                                            amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
                                            relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time
                                            shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">Signatures</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of
the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized in the City of Scottsdale, State of Arizona, on [XX], 2025.</p>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><b>SONIM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.</b></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">By:</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">Clayton Crolius</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">Chief Financial Officer</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">(<i>Principal Financial and Accounting Officer</i>)</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><A NAME="pow_001"></A>Power of Attorney</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS,
that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Peter Liu and Clayton Crolius, and each of them, any of whom may
act without the joinder of the other, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution,
for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement
(or any other registration statement for the same offering that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities
and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform
each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in and about the premises, as full to all intents and purposes as he or
she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or their or
his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on
the dates indicated.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 38%"><b>Signature</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 40%"><b>Title</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 2%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 18%"><b>Date</b></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Chief Executive Officer and Director</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Hao (Peter) Liu</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">(<i>Principal Executive Officer</i>)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Chief Financial Officer</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Clayton Crolius</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">(<i>Principal Financial and Accounting Officer</i>)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Director</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">James Cassano</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Chairman of the Board and Director</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Mike Mulica</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Director</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Jack Steenstra</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</p>


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