<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001493152-25-025141.txt : 20251126
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20251126160546
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001493152-25-025141
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20251124
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20251126
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20251126

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			SONIM TECHNOLOGIES INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001178697
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH APPARATUS [3661]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	04 Manufacturing
		EIN:				943336783
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-38907
		FILM NUMBER:		251530142

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		4445 EASTGATE MALL
		STREET 2:		SUITE 200
		CITY:			SAN DIEGO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92121
		BUSINESS PHONE:		650-378-8100

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		4445 EASTGATE MALL
		STREET 2:		SUITE 200
		CITY:			SAN DIEGO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92121
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 4pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>UNITED
STATES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><b>Washington,
D.C. 20549</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>FORM
<span id="xdx_909_edei--DocumentType_c20251124__20251124_zySGXsf12JV9"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-11-24" id="Fact000009" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CURRENT
REPORT</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Pursuant
to Section 13 OR 15(d)</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>of
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b><span id="xdx_90F_edei--EntityRegistrantName_c20251124__20251124_zBRAb8VuD6Wc"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-11-24" id="Fact000011" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName">Sonim
Technologies, Inc.</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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                                            or other jurisdiction</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">of
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(IRS
                                            Employer</span></p>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_906_edei--EntityAddressAddressLine1_c20251124__20251124_zWBZQmGQWBJ5"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-11-24" id="Fact000015" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1">4445
Eastgate Mall</ix:nonNumeric></span>, <span id="xdx_903_edei--EntityAddressAddressLine2_c20251124__20251124_zUwfSziiuejc"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-11-24" id="Fact000016" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine2">Suite 200</ix:nonNumeric></span>,</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_90E_edei--EntityAddressCityOrTown_c20251124__20251124_zJjT6t0u8Ie2"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-11-24" id="Fact000017" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown">San
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Address
of principal executive offices, including Zip Code)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_90D_edei--CityAreaCode_c20251124__20251124_zHSmEyOuMDF3"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-11-24" id="Fact000020" name="dei:CityAreaCode">(650)</ix:nonNumeric></span>
<span id="xdx_908_edei--LocalPhoneNumber_c20251124__20251124_zkUwLn8wnr2k"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-11-24" id="Fact000021" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber">378-8100</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Registrant&#8217;s
telephone number, including area code)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span>Not
applicable.</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Former
name or former address, if changed since last report.)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Check
the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under
any of the following provisions:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</span></td></tr>
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    material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    of each Class</b></span></td>
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    Symbol(s)</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 38%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name
    of each exchange on which registered</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405
of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.65in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
    1.01</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Entry
    into a Material Definitive Agreement.</b></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
previously disclosed on the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Sonim Technologies, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221; or &#8220;Sonim&#8221;)
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) on July 22, 2025, the Company entered into that certain asset purchase
agreement (the &#8220;Purchase Agreement&#8221;), dated as of July 17, 2025, by and among the Company, as seller, Pace Car Acquisition
LLC, as buyer, (the &#8220;Buyer&#8221;), the Seller Representative named in the Purchase Agreement, and, Social Mobile Technology Holdings
LLC (the &#8220;Parent&#8221;), solely for the purpose of guaranteeing complete payment and performance obligations of the Buyer contained
in the Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Buyer agreed to acquire substantially all assets of the Company and
its subsidiaries related to the Company&#8217;s enterprise 5G solutions business for a purchase price of $15 million in cash, subject
to a customary working capital, indebtedness, and transaction expense adjustments (referred to in the Purchase Agreement as the &#8220;Adjustment
Amount&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
November 24, 2025, the Company, the Buyer, the Parent, and the Seller Representative entered into a first amendment to the Purchase Agreement
(the &#8220;APA Amendment&#8221;). The APA Amendment modifies certain provisions of the Purchase Agreement, including:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">removal
                                            of all references to, and sections providing for or related to, the Company&#8217;s proposed
                                            reverse merger transaction (the &#8220;RTO&#8221;) and items ancillary to the RTO (<i>e.g.</i>,
                                            the filing by the Company of a registration statement on Form S-4), as the RTO is no longer
                                            applicable to the closing of the Purchase Agreement;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            addition of a requirement that, after taking into account the Adjustment Amount, if the Closing
                                            Purchase Price (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) is less than $0, the Company must pay
                                            a sufficient portion of the Company&#8217;s accounts payable so that the Closing Purchase
                                            Price is greater than $0; and </span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            addition of the Company&#8217;s German subsidiary, Sonim Technologies Germany GmbH, to the
                                            acquired subsidiaries annex of the Purchase Agreement.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
foregoing summary of the APA Amendment and transactions contemplated thereby does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its
entirety by the full text of the APA Amendment, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 2.1 hereto and incorporated by reference herein.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.65in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
    9.01</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial
    Statements and Exhibits.</b></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
<span style="text-decoration: underline">Exhibits</span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number</b></span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex2-1.htm">First Amendment to Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 24, 2025</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cover
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Additional
Information and Where to Find It</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
communication relates to the proposed transaction involving Sonim. This communication does not constitute a solicitation of any vote
or approval. In connection with the proposed transaction, Sonim plans to file with the SEC a definitive proxy statement (the &#8220;Proxy
Statement&#8221;) relating to a special meeting of its stockholders and may file other documents with the SEC relating to the proposed
transaction. This communication is not a substitute for the Proxy Statement or any other document that Sonim may file with the SEC or
send to its stockholders in connection with the proposed transaction. <b>Before making any voting decision, stockholders of Sonim are
urged to read the Proxy Statement in its entirety when it becomes available and any other relevant documents filed or to be filed with
the SEC and any amendments or supplements thereto and any documents incorporated by reference therein, because they will contain important
information about the proposed transaction and the parties to the proposed transaction.</b> Any vote in respect of resolutions to be
proposed at a stockholder meeting of Sonim to approve the proposed transaction or related matters, or other responses in relation to
the proposed transaction, should be made only on the basis of the information contained in the Proxy Statement. Investors and security
holders will be able to obtain the Proxy Statement and other documents Sonim files with the SEC (when available) free of charge at the
SEC&#8217;s website (http://www.sec.gov) or at Sonim&#8217;s investor relations website (https:// https://ir.sonimtech.com/) or by e-mailing
Sonim at <span style="text-decoration: underline">ir@sonimtech.com</span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Participants
in the Solicitation</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sonim
and its respective directors, executive officers, and other members of their management and employees, including Peter Liu (Chief Executive
Officer and a director), Clay Crolius (Chief Financial Officer), Mike Mulica (Executive Chairman), and Sonim&#8217;s directors &#8212;
James Cassano, Jack Steenstra, and George Thangadurai &#8212; under SEC rules, may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of
proxies of Sonim&#8217;s stockholders in connection with the proposed Transaction.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stockholders
may obtain more detailed information regarding Sonim&#8217;s directors and executive officers, including a description of their direct
or indirect interests, by security holdings or otherwise, under the captions &#8220;<i><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000164117225015578/formdefc14a.htm#a_025" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Directors,
Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance</a></i>,&#8221; and &#8220;<i><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000164117225015578/formdefc14a.htm#a_052" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Certain
Relationships and Related Party Transactions</a>&#8221;</i>&#8239;&#8239; of Sonim&#8217;s definitive proxy statement for the 2025 Annual
Meeting filed with the SEC on June 18, 2025 and &#8220;<i><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1178697/000149315225014244/formdef14a.htm#aab_007" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Security
Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management</a></i>&#8221; of Sonim&#8217;s definitive proxy statement for the 2025 Special
Meeting filed with the SEC on September 19, 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
subsequent updates following the date hereof to the information regarding the identity of potential participants, and their direct or
indirect interests, by security holdings or otherwise, will be set forth in the Proxy Statement and other materials to be filed with
the SEC in connection with the proposed transaction, if and when they become available. These documents will be available free of charge
as described above.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SIGNATURES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned hereunto duly authorized. </span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SONIM
    TECHNOLOGIES, INC.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
    November 26, 2025</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/
    Clay Crolius</i></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Clay
    Crolius</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</span></td>
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    Financial Officer</span></td></tr>
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<TYPE>EX-2.1
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 2.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>FIRST
AMENDMENT TO ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT</U></B></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>THIS
FIRST AMENDMENT TO ASSET PURCHASE AGREEMENT</B> (this &ldquo;<U>Amendment</U>&rdquo;) is made and entered into as of November 24, 2025
by and among <B>PACE CAR ACQUISITION LLC</B>, a Delaware limited liability company (&ldquo;<U>Buyer</U>&rdquo;), <B>SONIM TECHNOLOGIES,
INC.</B>, a Delaware corporation (&ldquo;<U>Seller</U>&rdquo;), <B>SOCIAL MOBILE TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS LLC</B>, a Delaware limited liability
company (the &ldquo;<U>Parent</U>&rdquo;) and <B>CLAY CROLIUS</B>, solely in his capacity as the representative of Seller under this
Amendment, the Purchase Agreement (as defined below), and the Ancillary Agreements (the &ldquo;<U>Seller Representative</U>&rdquo;),
to amend that certain Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 17, 2025 (the &ldquo;<U>Purchase Agreement</U>&rdquo;), by and among
Buyer, Seller, Parent and Seller Representative. Buyer, Seller, Parent and Seller Representative are sometimes referred to herein individually
as a &ldquo;<U>Party</U>&rdquo; and collectively as the &ldquo;<U>Parties</U>.&rdquo; All capitalized terms used in this Amendment but
not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings ascribed to such terms in the Purchase Agreement.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>WHEREAS</B>,
the Parties desire to amend the Purchase Agreement upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Amendment;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>WHEREAS</B>,
Section 11.7 of the Purchase Agreement provides that the Purchase Agreement may be amended by an instrument signed in writing by the
Buyer and Seller.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NOW,
THEREFORE</B>, in consideration of the foregoing and the respective representations, warranties, covenants, agreements and conditions
hereinafter set forth, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the Parties agree as follows:</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 1in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.
<B><U>Amendments to Purchase Agreement</U></B>.</FONT> </P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Purchase Agreement is hereby amended by deleting the Recitals in their entirety and replacing
                                            them with the following:</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>WHEREAS</B>,
Seller and its Subsidiaries are engaged in the business of providing enterprise 5G solutions including rugged handsets, smartphones,
wireless internet devices, software, services and accessories (the business of Seller and its Subsidiaries as currently and as proposed
by Seller to be conducted, is referred to herein as the &ldquo;<U>Business</U>&rdquo;); and</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>WHEREAS</B>,
Seller desires to sell, transfer and assign, and Buyer desires to purchase and assume, substantially all of the assets (other than the
Excluded Assets) and certain expressly specified liabilities (the Assumed Liabilities, but not the Excluded Liabilities) of Seller and
the Business, including the Equity Interests of the Acquired Subsidiaries, upon the terms and conditions set forth below.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NOW,
THEREFORE</B>, in consideration of the covenants, promises and representations set forth herein, and for other good and valuable consideration,
the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Purchase Agreement is hereby amended by deleting the definition of &ldquo;Excluded Liabilities&rdquo;
                                            in its entirety, and replacing it with the following:</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Excluded
Liabilities</U>&rdquo; means any and all Liabilities of any kind or nature whatsoever of Seller, or its Affiliates (other than, for clarification,
the Acquired Subsidiaries) or otherwise not expressly included (by type and amount) in the Assumed Liabilities (whenever arising prior
to, at or after the Closing and whether or not relating solely or primarily to the Business or any Acquired Asset) (<U>provided</U>,
<U>that</U>, for clarity, &ldquo;Excluded Liabilities&rdquo; shall expressly include (whether or not such Liabilities would otherwise
constitute Assumed Liabilities) each of the following: (a) any Liabilities set forth on <B><U>Schedule E</U></B>; (b) any Liabilities
resulting from, arising out of, relating to, in the nature of, or caused by accounts payable or accrued liabilities (whether short-term
or long-term), in each case, as defined by and calculated in accordance with GAAP other than Liabilities set forth on <B><U>Schedule
C</U></B> (which are Assumed Liabilities); and (c) any Liabilities to the extent resulting from, arising out of, relating to, in the
nature of, or caused by: (i) Seller&rsquo;s or the Seller Representative&rsquo;s Liabilities under this Agreement, any Ancillary Agreement,
any Excluded Agreement or any certificate or schedule delivered in connection herewith or therewith; (ii) any Excluded Tax Liability;
(iii) Indebtedness of Seller or its Affiliates (whether or not reflected in the Financial Statements or the Estimated Balance Sheet)
or any Liability for any outstanding checks or other items which are paid against the bank accounts of Seller or its Affiliates; (iv)
any Excluded Asset; (v) any breach or default of contract or warranty, tort, infringement (including infringement by Seller or any of
its Affiliates of third party Intellectual Property Rights), violation of Law (including, any Privacy Law or Environmental Law) or other
requirement of any Governmental Authority or other Liability arising under any Law where the facts, Events or conditions underlying such
Liability first occurred, first arose or first existed at or prior to the Closing, irrespective of whether such Liability attaches to
Seller or its Affiliates or Buyer in the first instance; (vi) any breach or alleged breach by Seller or its Affiliates of any Contract
taking place prior to Closing, regardless of when any such Liability is asserted, whether or not disclosed in the Seller Disclosure Schedule;
(vii) the employment or service with or termination of employment or service from Seller or the Business of any Person (including the
Continuing Employees); (viii) any Benefits Liability or any Seller Benefits Plan or other Employee Plan, benefit plan or arrangement
with respect to which Seller has any Liability; (ix) Transaction Expenses of Seller or its Affiliates; (x) any Liability owing to any
of Seller&rsquo;s Affiliates (including Affiliate Transactions) or the Seller Representative, including any Liability for guaranteed
payments or distributions to any equityholder or former equityholder of Seller and any Representative Losses; (xi) any failure to comply
with applicable Bulk Sales Laws, any &ldquo;de facto merger&rdquo; or &ldquo;successor-in-interest&rdquo; theories of Liability or fraudulent
transfer or conveyance Law; (xii) any Actions to which Seller or its Affiliates is or has been a party or any Liabilities resulting from
the resolution or settlement of any Action or Order to which Seller or its Affiliates is a party or otherwise subject; (xiii) Liabilities
under any Contract that is not an Assumed Contract, including any Liability arising out of or relating to any employment or similar agreement
to which Seller is a party or otherwise bound (including the Merger Agreement); or (xiv) any and all Liabilities of, relating to, or
arising out of Sonim India or any of its operations, contracts, employees, properties, tax obligations, or actions, whether arising prior
to, at, or after the Closing, including any claims under Indian laws or regulations, and whether or not otherwise described in this Section
or included in any schedule to this Agreement.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Purchase Agreement is hereby amended by deleting the definitions &ldquo;Form S-4&rdquo; and
                                            &ldquo;Reverse Merger Approval&rdquo; in their entirety.</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Purchase Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Section 2.3 in its entirety and replacing
                                            it with the following:</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.3
<I>Closing</I>.Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the consummation of the Transactions (the &ldquo;<U>Closing</U>&rdquo;)
shall take place virtually via electronic exchange of documents no later than the fifth (5<SUP>th</SUP>) Business Day following the date
on which there first occurs the satisfaction (or, to the extent permitted, the waiver) of the conditions set forth in <U>Article VIII</U>
(other than any condition which by its nature is satisfied at the Closing, but subject to satisfaction or waiver of all such conditions)
or at such other time or place as the Seller Representative and Buyer may mutually agree, <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the Closing
shall, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, take place no later than the date that is one hundred eighty (180) calendar
days after the date of this Agreement. The date on which the Closing actually occurs is referred to as the &ldquo;<U>Closing Date</U>&rdquo;.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Purchase Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Section 2.4(a) in its entirety and replacing
                                            it with the following:</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.4
<I>Payments and Transactions at Closing</I>.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
At least three (3) Business Days prior to the Closing, Seller shall prepare and deliver to Buyer: a closing statement (the
&ldquo;<U>Pre-Closing Statement</U>&rdquo;), setting forth, as of the Closing, the calculation of each component of the Closing
Purchase Price and payment information with respect to each Person receiving payments pursuant to this <U>Section 2.4</U> or <U>Section
5.3</U> (the &ldquo;<U>Distribution Schedule</U>&rdquo;), each of which will be subject to Buyer&rsquo;s reasonable approval. Buyer
and Buyer&rsquo;s Affiliates shall be entitled to rely fully upon the Pre-Closing Statement for all purposes, including in making
any payments to, or exercising any rights of indemnification or recovery from, Seller pursuant to this Agreement. The Pre-Closing
Statement shall include the following information:</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
the (1) the Estimated Balance Sheet; (2) the calculations of Estimated Net Working Capital, Estimated Transaction Expenses and Estimated
Indebtedness; (3) the Working Capital Adjustment Amount; (4) the calculation of the Closing Purchase Price and the components thereof
(<U>including</U> the Adjustment Amount) based on such estimated calculations; and</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)
any reasonable supporting documentation or information for such estimated calculations.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
anything herein to the contrary, if Seller&rsquo;s calculation of the Closing Purchase Price (including the Adjustment Amount) based
on Seller&rsquo;s estimates prepared in accordance with Section 2.4(a) results in a Closing Purchase Price that would equal an amount
less than zero (0), then, before delivering the Pre-Closing Statement, Seller shall pay in full a sufficient portion of the Business&rsquo;s
accounts payable so that the Closing Purchase Price (including the Adjustment Amount) is greater than zero, and shall deliver the Pre-Closing
Statement only after giving effect to such payment.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Purchase Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Section 3.6 in its entirety and replacing
                                            it with the following:</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.6
<I>No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents. </I>Except (i) as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.6</U> of the Seller Disclosure Schedule,
(ii) for the filing with the SEC of (A) a proxy statement in preliminary and definitive form relating to the Stockholder Meeting (together
with any amendments or supplements thereto, the &ldquo;<U>Proxy Statement</U>&rdquo;), and (B) such reports under, and other compliance
with, the Exchange Act (and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder) and the Securities Act (and the rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder) as may be required in connection with this Agreement and the Transactions contemplated hereby, (iii) for the Stockholder
Approval, or (iv) for filings, permits, clearances, authorizations, consents, orders and approvals as may be required pursuant to the
rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&ldquo;<U>Nasdaq</U>&rdquo;), neither the execution, delivery or performance of
this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement by Seller or any Acquired Subsidiary, nor the consummation of the Transactions will (a) conflict
with or violate any provision of the Seller Charter Documents, (b) conflict with or violate any Law by which Seller or any of its assets
or properties (including any Acquired Assets) are bound or subject, (c) conflict with or violate, constitute a default under (or an event
that with or without notice, lapse of time or both could conflict with or violate or constitute a default under), require any consent,
license, permit, approval, waiver, authorization, order, filing, registration, declaration or notice under or in connection with, result
in or trigger any right of termination, modification, acceleration or cancellation of, or require any payment or performance obligation
pursuant to, any Contract, Permit, franchise or other instrument or obligation to which Seller is a party or by which any of them or
any of their assets or properties (including any Acquired Assets) are bound or subject, (d) result in the creation or imposition of any
Lien on any of the properties or assets (including any Acquired Assets) of Seller or (e) require Seller or its Affiliates to obtain any
consent, license, permit, approval, waiver, authorization or order of, or to make any filing, registration or declaration with or provide
notice to, any Governmental Authority or other Person.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Purchase Agreement is hereby amended by deleting the introductory paragraph to Section 3.12
                                            in its entirety and replacing it with the following:</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.12
<I>Absence of Certain Changes or Events. </I>Except (x) as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.12</U> of the Seller Disclosure Schedule, (y) <U>for
</U>any actions required to be taken on or after the date hereof by Seller in connection with capital raising activities that Seller
may undertake before Closing, including sale of equity, public offerings, private placements, ATM offerings, equity lines of credit,
or debt financings, including convertible debt, but only to the extent not adverse to the Business, the Acquired Assets or Assumed Liabilities
or (z) as expressly contemplated by this Agreement, since the Latest Balance Sheet Date: (i) Seller and its Subsidiaries have conducted
the Business in the ordinary course of business, (ii) to the Knowledge of Seller, no Event has occurred or exists which has had or would
reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Seller Material Adverse Effect, and (iii) neither Seller nor any
Acquired Subsidiary has:</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Purchase Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Section 3.28 in its entirety and replacing
                                            it with the following:</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.28
<I>Information Provided</I>. None of the information provided or to be provided by Seller or its Subsidiaries or their respective Representatives
for inclusion or incorporation by reference in the Proxy Statement will, at the time the Proxy Statement is filed with the SEC, at any
time the Proxy Statement is amended or supplemented, at the date the Proxy Statement is first mailed to the stockholders of the Seller,
at the time of the Stockholder Meeting, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to
be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading.
All documents that Seller is responsible for filing with the SEC in connection with the Transactions will comply in all material respects
with the provisions of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Purchase Agreement is hereby amended by deleting the introductory paragraph to Section 5.4(d)
                                            in its entirety and replacing it with the following:</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
<U>Prohibited Actions Without Buyer Consent</U>. Except (w) as contemplated or expressly permitted by this Agreement, (x) for any actions
taken, or to be taken, by Seller in connection with capital raising activities that Seller may undertake before Closing, including sale
of equity, public offerings, private placements, ATM offerings, equity lines of credit, or debt financings, including convertible debt,
but only to the extent not adverse to the Business, the Acquired Assets or Assumed Liabilities, (y) as required by applicable Law, or
(z) with Buyer&rsquo;s prior written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed), Seller shall
not, and shall cause each member of the Seller Group not to, directly or indirectly:</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Purchase Agreement is hereby amended by adding the following Section 5.6(d):</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
Effective on the first Business Day following the Closing Date, Seller shall, and shall cause its Affiliates and Representatives to,
(i) provide a standing instruction to the financial institutions maintaining any Business Account to conduct a daily sweep of all funds
in such accounts to an account designated by Buyer (provided, however, to the extent that any such funds constitute Excluded Assets (e.g.,
Cash of Seller), Buyer shall promptly remit such funds to Seller following Seller&rsquo;s written notice to Buyer (x) requesting such
remission and (y) providing Buyer with reasonable supporting documentation identifying such funds as Excluded Assets) and (ii) cause
the authorized signatories and online access credentials for the Business Accounts to be changed to persons designated by Buyer. From
and after the Closing, Seller shall have no right to access, direct, or withdraw funds from any Business Account, and shall not commingle
Buyer funds with any funds of Seller or its Affiliates. Seller, its Affiliates and Representatives shall further covenant not to rescind,
revoke, or otherwise alter such standing instruction or access credentials without the prior written consent of Buyer, and shall take
all actions reasonably necessary to ensure the uninterrupted and timely transfer of funds from the Business Accounts to Buyer following
the Closing.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 22.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Purchase Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Section 5.21 in its entirety and replacing
                                            it with the following:</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>5.21
Preparation of Proxy Statement; Stockholder Meeting</I>.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
As promptly as reasonably practicable following the date of this Agreement, Seller shall, in consultation with Buyer, prepare and
file with the SEC the Proxy Statement. Seller shall not file the Proxy Statement (or any preliminary version thereof) with the SEC
without first providing Buyer and its counsel a reasonable opportunity to review and comment thereon, and Seller shall give
reasonable and good faith consideration to all additions, deletions or changes suggested by Buyer or its counsel. Buyer shall
provide to Seller all information concerning Buyer and its Affiliates as may be reasonably requested by Seller in connection with
the Proxy Statement and shall otherwise reasonably assist in the preparation of the Proxy Statement and the resolution of any
comments thereto received from the SEC, provided that, unless otherwise expressly required by applicable Law, no disclosure relating
specifically to non-public information about Buyer or its Affiliates may be made without Buyer&rsquo;s prior written approval.
Seller shall include in the Proxy Statement the Board Recommendation. Each of Seller and Buyer shall correct any information
provided by it for use in the Proxy Statement as promptly as reasonably practicable if and to the extent such information shall
contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to
make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. If, prior to the expiration
of the ten (10) day waiting period provided in Rule 14a-6 under the Exchange Act, Seller does not receive either (i) comments from
the SEC on the preliminary Proxy Statement or (ii) notice from the SEC that it will review the preliminary Proxy Statement, then
Seller shall file definitive Proxy Statement with the SEC and mail the definitive Proxy Statement to Seller&rsquo;s stockholders as
soon as reasonably practicable, and in any event not later than two (2) Business Days after the expiration of such waiting period.
Seller shall be responsible for 100% of the fees, costs and expenses associated with the preparation, filing and mailing of the
Proxy Statement.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
Seller shall (i) notify Buyer promptly of the receipt of any comments, whether written or oral, from the SEC or its staff and of any
request by the SEC or its staff for amendments or supplements to the Proxy Statement or for additional information and (ii) supply
Buyer with copies of all correspondence between it or any of its Representatives, on the one hand, and the SEC or its staff, on the
other hand, with respect to such filings. Seller shall use its reasonable best efforts to respond as promptly as practicable to, and
resolve, any comments from the SEC with respect to the Proxy Statement as promptly as practicable after receipt thereof.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, prior to responding to any comments from the SEC or its staff, Seller shall consult with Buyer and
provide Buyer and its counsel a reasonable opportunity to review and comment on any response thereto, Seller shall give reasonable
and good faith consideration to all additions, deletions or changes suggested by Buyer or its counsel, and shall include in such
response all comments reasonably proposed by Buyer. No later than two (2) Business Days following confirmation by the SEC that the
SEC has no further comments on the preliminary Proxy Statement, Seller shall file the definitive Proxy Statement with the SEC and
mail it to Seller&rsquo;s stockholders.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
No amendment or supplement to portion of the Proxy Statement relating to Buyer or its Affiliates, the Business, the Acquired Assets,
the Assumed Liabilities or the Transactions shall be made by Seller without the prior written approval of Buyer (which shall not be
unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed).</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
Seller will take all action necessary in accordance with applicable Law, its organizational documents and the rules of Nasdaq to
establish a record date for, duly call, give notice of, convene, and hold a meeting of its stockholders (the &ldquo;<U>Stockholder
Meeting</U>&rdquo;) as promptly as reasonably practicable following the mailing of the definitive Proxy Statement to Seller&rsquo;s
stockholders, for the purpose of obtaining the Stockholder Approval. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement,
Seller shall convene, subject to <U>Section 5.20(d)</U>, and hold the Stockholder Meeting as soon as practicable following the date
that the Proxy Statement is mailed to Seller&rsquo;s stockholders or on such other date elected by Seller with Buyer&rsquo;s prior
written consent (which shall not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed). Seller shall use its reasonable best efforts
to solicit proxies to obtain the Stockholder Approval.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)
Seller shall cooperate with and keep Buyer informed upon Buyer&rsquo;s reasonable request regarding its solicitation efforts and
voting results following the dissemination of the Proxy Statement to Seller&rsquo;s stockholders. Seller shall be permitted to
postpone or adjourn the Stockholder Meeting (after consultation with Buyer), if, but only if, (i) as of the time that the
Stockholder Meeting is originally scheduled (as set forth in the Proxy Statement), there are holders of an insufficient number of
shares of Seller&rsquo;s common stock present or represented by proxy at the Stockholder Meeting to constitute a quorum at the
Stockholder Meeting or (B) if Buyer has not received proxies representing a sufficient number of shares for Stockholder Approval,
(ii) Seller has determined in good faith (after consultation with outside legal counsel) that it is required by applicable Law or
Governmental Order with respect to the Stockholder Approval to postpone or adjourn the Stockholder Meeting (whether or not the
quorum is present), (iii) Seller is requested to postpone or adjourn the Stockholder Meeting by the SEC or its staff for any reason,
or (iv) with the prior written consent of Buyer; provided, that the Stockholder Meeting may not be postponed or adjourned on the
date the Stockholder Meeting is scheduled if Seller shall have received proxies in respect of an aggregate number of Seller&rsquo;s
Common Stock, which have not been withdrawn, such that Stockholder Approval will be obtained at such meeting.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Purchase Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Section 5.23 in its entirety and replacing
                                            it with the following:</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.23
[Intentionally Omitted]</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Purchase Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Section 8.1(i)(vi) in its entirety and replacing
                                            it with the following:</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(vi)
<U>Bank Accounts</U>. Evidence reasonably acceptable to Buyer (which may include written confirmations from the applicable financial
institutions) that each bank, deposit, lockbox, merchant, and other payment account used in connection with the Business (except for
any such account that solely holds Cash that is an Excluded Asset) (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Business Accounts</U>&rdquo;) has been
re-designated to be held by Seller or an Affiliate of Seller solely as agent or trustee for the benefit of Buyer, in each case to the
extent such re-designation is permitted by the applicable financial institutions.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 22.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(n)</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Purchase Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Annex II in its entirety and replacing it
                                            with the following:</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>ANNEX
II</U></B></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>ACQUIRED
sUBSIDIARIES</B></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 112.5pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sonim
                                            Technologies (Hong Kong) Limited</FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sonim
                                            Technologies (Shenzhen) Ltd. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of #1 above)</FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sonim
                                            Technologies Shenzhen Limited Beijing branch (a wholly-owned subsidiary of #1 above)</FONT> </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sonim
                                            Technologies Germany GmbH</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.
<B><U>Effect upon Purchase Agreement</U></B>. Each reference in the Purchase Agreement to &ldquo;this Agreement&rdquo;, &ldquo;hereunder&rdquo;,
&ldquo;hereof&rdquo; or words of like import shall hereafter mean and be a reference to the Purchase Agreement, as amended hereby. Except
as specifically amended hereby, the Purchase Agreement, and each and every term and provision thereof, shall remain in full force and
effect.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.
<B><U>Entire Agreement</U></B>. The Purchase Agreement (together with the Exhibits and Schedules thereto), as amended hereby, contains
the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby and supersedes all prior written and oral agreements,
and all contemporaneous oral agreements, relating to such transactions.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.
<B><U>Governing Law; Dispute Resolution; Jury Trial Waiver</U></B>. The provisions of Section 11.16 and 11.17 of the Purchase Agreement
are incorporated herein by reference.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.
<B><U>Execution Counterparts</U></B>. This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original,
but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. The exchange of a fully executed Amendment (in counterparts or
otherwise) by electronic transmission in .PDF format or by e-mail shall be sufficient to bind the parties to the terms of this Amendment.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[<I>Signature
Page Follows</I>]</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF</B>, the Parties have executed this Amendment as of the date first written above.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>BUYER:</B></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>PACE
    CAR ACQUISITION, LLC</B></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:
    </FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PARENT:</B></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>Social
    mobile technology holdings llc</B></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:
    </FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:
    </FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SELLER:</B></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>Sonim
    Technologies, Inc.</B></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:
    </FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:
    </FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Peter
    Liu</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:
    </FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Executive Officer</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SELLER
    REPRESENTATIVE:</B></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:
    </FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Clay
    Crolius</FONT> </TD></TR>
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<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 24, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov. 24,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-38907<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Sonim
Technologies, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001178697<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">94-3336783<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">4445
Eastgate Mall<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">San
Diego<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">92121<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(650)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">378-8100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common
    Stock, par value $0.001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">SONM<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
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<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
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<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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