Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company evaluates on an ongoing basis its assumptions. The Company’s management believes that the estimates, judgments, and assumptions used are reasonable based upon information available at the time they are made.

These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company has considered the following to be significant estimates made by management, including but not limited to, going concern assumptions, estimating the useful lives of fixed assets, realization of long-lived assets, unrealized tax positions and the realization of digital currencies, valuing the derivative asset classified under Level 3 fair value hierarchy, business combinations and the contingent obligation with respect to future revenues.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition – Digital currency mining revenue

The Company recognizes revenue under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The core principle of ASC 606 is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Five steps are required to be followed in evaluating revenue recognition: (i) identify the contract with the customer; (ii) identity the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price; and (v) recognize revenue when or as the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

In order to identify the performance obligations in a contract with a customer, a company must assess the promised goods or services in the contract and identify each promised good or service that is distinct. A performance obligation meets ASC 606’s definition of a “distinct” good or service (or bundle of goods or services) if both of the following criteria are met: the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer (i.e., the good or service is capable of being distinct), and the entity’s promise to transfer the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract (i.e., the promise to transfer the good or service is distinct within the context of the contract).

There is currently no specific definitive guidance in U.S. GAAP or alternative accounting frameworks for the accounting of digital currencies and management has exercised judgment in determining appropriate accounting treatment for the recognition of revenue for such operations.

The Company has entered into a contract with mining pools and has undertaken the performance obligation of providing computing power in exchange for non-cash consideration in the form of digital currency. The provision of computing power is the only performance obligation in the Company’s contract with its pool operators. Where the consideration received is variable (for example, due to payment only being made upon successful mining), it is recognized when it is highly probable that the variability is resolved, which is generally when the digital currency is received.

The Company measures the non-cash consideration received at the fair market value of the digital currency received. Management estimates fair value on a daily basis, as the quantity of digital currency received multiplied by the price quoted on the crypto exchange that the Company uses to dispose of digital currency.

Hosting Co-location revenue

The Company provides power for our co-location hosting customers on a variable basis. Revenue is currently received monthly from the customer based on the power usage at the rate outlined in each customer contract.

The Company recognizes variable power revenue each month as the uncertainty related to the consideration is resolved, power is provided to customers, and customers utilize the power (the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the Company’s performance).

The customer contracts contain variable consideration to be allocated to and recognized in the period to which the consideration relates. Usually this is when it is invoiced, rather than obtaining an estimation of variable consideration at the beginning of the customer contracts.

Customers also are invoiced a fixed monthly fee for maintenance services which include cleaning, cabling and other services to maintain the customers’ equipment.

Revenue recognition – equipment sales

The Company earned revenues from the sale of earlier generation digital currency mining units and modular data centers that have been assembled or refurbished for resale (collectively “Hardware”). Revenue from the sale of Hardware is recognized upon transfer of control of the Hardware to the customer. At the date of sale, the net book value is expensed in cost of revenues.

Revenue recognition – net energy benefits

In exchange for powering down the Company’s systems and curtailing power, in response to instances of high electricity demand, the Company receives net energy benefits from the grid. The Company also has a power pricing arrangement pursuant to which it can trade energy to achieve net energy benefits.

Revenue for curtailing power is recognized over the period of time that the services are being provided. The Company estimates the amount of curtailable power and the expected payment for that power and recognizes revenue based on the proportion of the service that has been provided. In this arrangement the Company is considered the principal and revenue is recognized on a gross basis.

Revenue through the Company’s power pricing arrangement is recognized over the period of time that the services are being provided. The Company estimates the amount of energy available for sale and the expected payment for that energy, and recognizes revenue based on the proportion of the service that has been provided.

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value of financial instruments:

The Company accounts for financial instruments under ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements. This statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements, ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels as follows:

Level 1 — quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 — observable inputs other than Level 1, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, and model-derived prices whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable; and

Level 3 — assets and liabilities whose significant value drivers are unobservable. Observable inputs are based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs are based on the Company’s market assumptions. Unobservable inputs require significant management judgment or estimation. In some cases, the inputs used to measure an asset or liability may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is required to be classified using the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Such determination requires significant management judgment.

Fair value measured at June 30, 2023

Total fair
value as at

June 30,
2023

Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level 1)

Significant other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)

Derivative asset

$

5,174,446

-

$

5,174,446

	Fair value measured at December 31, 2022
	Total fair value as at December 31, 2022		Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Derivative asset	$	11,299,971		-		-	$	11,299,971
Marketable securities	$	3,243,957	$	3,243,957	$	-	$	-

Level 3 Assets:

Power Supply Agreement

In June 2022, the Company entered into a Power Supply Agreement with Energy Harbor LLC, the energy supplier to the Company’s Pennsylvania facility, to provide the delivery of a fixed portion of the total amount of electricity for a fixed price through to December 2026. If the Pennsylvania facility uses more electricity than contracted, the cost of the excess is incurred at a new price quoted by Energy Harbor LLC.

While the Company manages operating costs at the Pennsylvania facility in part by periodically selling unused or uneconomical power back to the market, the Company does not consider such actions as trading activities. That is, the Company does not engage in speculation in the power market as part of its ordinary activities. Because the sale of any electricity under a curtailment program allows for net settlement, the Company has determined the Power Supply Agreement meets the definition of a derivative under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. However, because the Company has the ability to sell the power back to the grid rather than take physical delivery, physical delivery is not probable through the entirety of the contract and therefore, the Company does not believe the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception applies to the Power Supply Agreement. Accordingly, the Power Supply Agreement (the non-hedging derivative contract) is recorded at estimated fair value each reporting period with the change in the fair value recorded in “change in fair value of derivative asset” in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Power Supply Agreement was classified as a derivative asset beginning in the quarter ended June 30, 2022 and measured at fair value on the date of Power Supply Agreement, with changes in fair value recognized in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The estimated fair value of the Company’s derivate asset is classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the significant unobservable inputs utilized in the valuation. Specifically, the Company’s discounted cash flow estimation models contain quoted commodity exchange spot and forward prices and are adjusted for basis spreads for load zone-to-hub differentials through the term of the Power Supply Agreement, which expires in December 2026. In addition, the Company adopted a discount rate of approximately 20% above the terminal value of the observable market inputs, but also includes unobservable inputs based on qualitative judgment related to company-specific risk factors. The terms of the Power Supply Agreement require pre-payment of collateral, calculated as forward cost based on the market cost rate of electricity versus the fixed price stated in the contract.

Digital currencies

Digital currencies

Digital currencies are included in current assets in the consolidated condensed balance sheets. Digital currencies are classified as indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350 Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, and are accounted for in connection with the Company’s revenue recognition policy detailed above.

The following table presents the Company’s digital currency (Bitcoin) activities for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023:

	Three months to June 30, 2023			Six months to June 30, 2023

Opening number of Bitcoin held as at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022		1.02			0
Number of Bitcoin received		181.62			302.73
Number of Bitcoin sold		(182.64	)		(302.73	)
Closing number of Bitcoin held as at June 30, 2023		0			0

Digital currencies are not amortized but assessed for impairment annually, or more frequently, when events or changes in circumstances occur indicating that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived asset is impaired. Impairment exists when the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. In testing for impairment, the Company has the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that an impairment exists. If it is determined that it is not likely that an impairment exists, a quantitative impairment test is not necessary. If the Company concludes otherwise, it is required to perform a quantitative impairment test. To the extent an impairment loss is recognized, the loss establishes the new cost basis of the asset. Subsequent reversal of impairment losses is not permitted.

The Company’s policy is to dispose of Bitcoin received from mining operations at the earliest opportunity, therefore the holding period is minimal, usually no more than a few days. Due to the short period for which Bitcoin are held prior to sale and the consequent small numbers held, the risk of impairment is not material. No impairment charges have been recorded during the six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. For information with respect to recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for the Company as of December 31, 2022, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with SEC on March 23, 2023. Recent accounting pronouncements since that date include:

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU update 2023-01—Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements. The Company early adopted ASU 2023-01, as allowed under the ASU. Adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU update 2023-02—Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force). The Company does not expect ASU 2023-02 to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures.