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Collaborations | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Collaborations | 5. Collaborations Joint Development and License Agreement with Toray Industries, Inc. (“Toray”) In March 2019, the Company entered into a Joint Development and License Agreement (the “Toray Agreement”) with Toray Industries, Inc. (“Toray”) to jointly develop and commercialize a Boltbody™ immune-stimulating antibody conjugate (“ISAC”) containing Toray’s proprietary antibody to treat cancer. The Company determined that the Toray Agreement is a contract with a customer and should be accounted for under ASC 606. In conjunction with the Toray Agreement, the Company entered into a Series T Convertible Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Series T Agreement”) for the issuance of 35,875 shares of Series T convertible preferred stock to Toray. These contracts have been evaluated together and the consideration in excess of the fair value of the Series T convertible preferred stock of $1.5 million has been allocated to the Toray Agreement and included in the total consideration for collaboration revenue. In February 2021, in connection with the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”), all outstanding shares of Series T convertible preferred stock were converted into shares of the Company’s common stock. In the Toray Agreement, the Company has identified one bundled performance obligation which includes the license rights, research and development services and services associated with participation on a joint steering committee. The transaction price includes the $1.5 million allocated from the Series T convertible preferred stock and $2.1 million of estimated variable consideration related to compensation for research and development services at the agreed upon full-time employee rate and third-party costs. Collaboration revenue is recognized over time proportionate to the costs that the Company has incurred to perform the services using an input method as a measure of progress towards satisfying the performance obligation, which is based on project hours. Amounts are billed based on estimated variable consideration in the quarter ahead of performance and are trued up on the subsequent quarter’s invoice following the work performed. The cumulative effect of revisions to estimated hours to complete the Company’s performance obligation will be recorded in the period in which changes are identified and amounts can be reasonably estimated. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, receivables of $45,000 and $7,500 related to research and development services performed under the Toray Agreement were recorded as part of the prepaid expenses and other current assets line item on the balance sheet. Deferred revenue allocated to the unsatisfied performance obligation is recorded as a contract liability on the balance sheet and will be recognized over time as the services are performed. As of December 31, 2025, contract liabilities totaling $0.8 million at period-end were recorded in deferred revenue with $0.3 million in current liabilities and $0.5 million in non-current liabilities on the balance sheet based on the forecasted periods of performance. As of December 31, 2024, contract liabilities totaling $0.9 million at period-end were recorded in deferred revenue with $0.4 million in current liabilities and $0.5 million in non-current liabilities on the balance sheet based on the forecasted periods of performance. The following table presents changes in the Company's contract liability (in thousands):
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 1,502 |
Addition—amount billed or accrued for research and development services |  |  | 317 |
Revenue recognized |  |  | (914 | )
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 905 |
Addition—amount billed or accrued for research and development services |  |  | 228 |
Revenue recognized |  |  | (313 | )
Balance at December 31, 2025 |  | $ | 820 |
The Company recorded $0.3 million and $0.9 million revenue during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Toray Agreement includes both fixed and variable considerations. Under the Toray Agreement, the Company will be compensated for early-stage development and manufacturing activities based on agreed full-time equivalent rates and actual out of pocket costs through the completion of the first Phase 1 clinical trial for the collaboration product candidate and Toray is entitled to reimbursement for 50% of such development costs from the Company’s share of revenues collected from the sale or licensing of collaboration products. Although the legal term of the agreement is until collaboration products are no longer sold in the territories covered under the agreement, the parties have present enforceable rights and obligations through the end of the first Phase 1 clinical trial, after which both parties can opt out of continued development under the agreement. As such, the accounting term of the Toray Agreement is considered to terminate upon completion of the first Phase 1 clinical trial. After the conclusion of the first Phase 1 clinical trial, the parties will share equally all costs of development activities necessary for obtaining regulatory approval of collaboration products in the indications in the territories covered under the agreement, unless either party elects to opt out of its co-funding obligations or reduce them by half, which election can be on a region-by-region basis or for the territories covered under the agreement as a whole. Such optional additional items will be accounted for as contract modifications when development advances past certain milestones and the parties both exercise their opt-in rights. Oncology Research and Development Collaboration with Genmab A/S (“Genmab”) In May 2021, the Company entered into a License and Collaboration Agreement (the “Genmab Agreement”) with Genmab A/S (“Genmab”). Together, the companies will evaluate Genmab antibodies in combination with the Company’s ISAC technology, with the goal of discovering and developing next-generation ISACs for the treatment of cancer. Under this research collaboration, the companies evaluated multiple ISAC concepts to identify up to three clinical candidates for development. Genmab will fund the research, along with the preclinical and clinical development of these candidates through initial clinical proof of concept. Under the Genmab Agreement, the Company received an upfront payment of $10.0 million. The Company determined that the Genmab Agreement is a contract with a customer and should be accounted for under ASC 606. In conjunction with the Genmab Agreement, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement (the “Genmab SPA”) for the issuance of 41,052 shares of the Company’s common stock to Genmab for a total purchase price of $15.0 million. These contracts have been evaluated together and the consideration in excess of the fair value of the common stock of $1.4 million has been allocated to the Genmab Agreement and included in the total consideration for collaboration revenue. In the Genmab Agreement, the Company has identified one bundled performance obligation that includes the license rights, research and development services and services associated with participation on a joint research committee. The transaction price includes the $10.0 million upfront payment, the $1.4 million allocated from the Genmab SPA, and $12.4 million of estimated variable consideration related to compensation for research and development services at the agreed upon full-time employee rate and third-party costs. Collaboration revenue is recognized over time proportionate to the costs that the Company has incurred to perform the services using an input method as a measure of progress towards satisfying the performance obligation, which is based on project hours. Compensation for the research and development services are billed in the quarter based on actual hours incurred to satisfy the performance obligation. The cumulative effect of revisions to estimated hours to complete the Company’s performance obligation will be recorded in the period in which changes are identified and amounts can be reasonably estimated. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, receivables of $0.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively, related to research and development services performed under the Genmab Agreement were recorded as part of the prepaid expenses and other current assets line item on the balance sheet. Deferred revenue allocated to the unsatisfied performance obligation is recorded as a contract liability on the balance sheet and will be recognized over time as the services are performed. As of December 31, 2025, contract liabilities totaling $1.2 million were recorded in deferred revenue with $0.1 million in current liabilities and $1.1 million in non-current liabilities on the balance sheet based on the forecasted periods of performance. As of December 31, 2024, contract liabilities totaling $5.7 million were recorded in deferred revenue with $2.6 million in current liabilities and $3.1 million in non-current liabilities on the balance sheet based on the forecasted periods of performance. In 2024, as part of the Company’s ongoing collaboration with Genmab, the Company reassessed the related variable consideration. In alignment with the Company’s latest forecast and strategic objectives, Genmab agreed to take on an increased share of the activities originally planned as joint efforts, further optimizing resource allocation and enhancing operational efficiency. As a result, the Company’s variable consideration was significantly reduced, impacting the recognized revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company’s previously recognized revenue was not subject to reversal; however, the Company adjusted its forward-looking revenue projections accordingly. While this resulted in no recognized revenue in the three-month period ending December 31, 2024, the Company continued to perform services under the Genmab collaboration agreement during the year ended December 31, 2025. The following table presents changes in the Company’s contract liability (in thousands):
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 6,664 |
Addition—amount billed for research and development services |  |  | 2,369 |
Revenue recognized |  |  | (3,303 | )
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 5,730 |
Addition—amount billed for research and development services |  |  | 2,825 |
Revenue recognized |  |  | (7,382 | )
Balance at December 31, 2025 |  | $ | 1,173 |
The Company recorded $7.4 million and $3.3 million in revenue earned during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, based on services performed under the Genmab Agreement during the period. Under the Genmab Agreement, the Company will be compensated for agreed research and development services and third party costs through initial clinical proof of concept of the therapeutic candidates, which also represents the period of time both parties have enforceable rights and obligations. As such, the accounting term of the Genmab Agreement is considered to terminate upon completion of the initial clinical proof of concept of the therapeutic candidates, after which Genmab has the option to develop and commercialize up to three therapeutic candidates and the Company has the option to participate in development and commercialization of one candidate. The Genmab Agreement includes optional additional items which will be accounted for as contract modifications after initial clinical proof of concept of the therapeutic candidates. With respect to each candidate for which a party has exercised its program opt-in rights and has exclusive global rights, the other party is eligible to receive potential development and sales-based milestone payments and tiered royalties, subject to certain customary reductions, the amount of all such considerations will vary based on the market potential of the applicable territory for which such party has exercised its program opt-in rights. Under the Genmab Agreement, the Company is eligible to receive total potential milestone payments of up to $125.0 million in development milestones and $160.0 million in sale milestones per therapeutic candidate exclusively developed and commercialized by Genmab, along with tiered royalties at rates from a single-digit to mid-teens percentage based on net sales of each therapeutic candidate. However, given the current phase of development of therapeutic candidates under the Genmab Agreement, the Company cannot estimate the probability or timing of achieving these milestones, and, therefore, has excluded all milestone and royalty payments from the transaction prices of the agreement. The Company expects its collaboration revenue to vary from period to period and the Company may have periods of little to no activity depending on the development timeline and activities with our collaboration partners. The Company's BDC-4182 ongoing clinical trial is expected to provide insights that may be relevant to its current collaboration with Genmab and as a result, the Company does not expect to perform additional research and development activities until the companies evaluate the impact of the BDC-4182 clinical trial results. The Company remains committed to executing on this agreement and will continue to reassess its revenue recognition estimates as new information becomes available. Oncology Research and Development Collaboration with Innovent Biologics, Inc. (“Innovent”) In March 2024, the Company entered into an amended and restated license and collaboration agreement with Innovent Biologics, Inc. (the “Amended Innovent Agreement”), which amended the original license and collaboration agreement with Innovent Biologics, Inc. ("Innovent") dated August 25, 2021 (the “Original Innovent Agreement”). Under the Original Innovent Agreement, the Company and Innovent leveraged Innovent’s proprietary therapeutic antibody portfolio and antibody discovery capability against undisclosed oncology targets in combination with the Company's Boltbody ISAC technology and myeloid biology expertise to create new candidates for cancer treatments. Innovent funded the initial research, along with the preclinical development of these candidates through the contract modification date. Under the Original Innovent Agreement, the Company received an upfront payment of $5.0 million and was compensated for research and development services, including third-party costs and employee utilization. As part of the Amended Innovent Agreement, Innovent paid the Company a one-time payment of $4.7 million to be relieved from certain future funding and developmental obligations under the Original Innovent Agreement. Additionally, the Company secured exclusive worldwide rights to ISAC programs utilizing specified antibodies against two tumor antigen targets and assumed all future development and commercialization costs for any such ISAC program. Under the Amended Innovent Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to further develop and commercialize the ISAC programs. Innovent and its affiliates are eligible to receive total potential milestones payments of up to $112.7 million, as well as royalties in low single digits on global net sales. The Company determined that the Amended Innovent Agreement no longer meets the criteria under ASC 606. Therefore, $2.5 million of deferred revenue allocated to the unsatisfied performance obligation as of the contract modification date, was recognized as revenue and the $4.7 million one-time payment received was recognized as other income on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss in the first quarter of 2024. The following table presents changes in the Company’s contract liability (in thousands):
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 3,142 |
Addition—amount billed for research and development services |  |  | 331 |
Revenue recognized |  |  | (3,473 | )
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  |  | — |
The Company had no contract liability balance as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company had zero and $3.4 million revenue earned during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, based on services performed to satisfy the performance obligation under the Innovent collaboration during the periods.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for collaborative arrangements in which the entity is a participant, including a) information about the nature and purpose of such arrangements; b) its rights and obligations thereunder; c) the accounting policy for collaborative arrangements; and d) the income statement classification and amounts attributable to transactions arising from the collaborative arrangement between participants. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 808 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479402/808-10-50-1 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 808 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479402/808-10-50-1 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 808 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/808/tableOfContent + Details
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