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TAXATION (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Significant Components of Provision for Income Taxes on Earnings
Significant components of the provision for income taxes on earnings for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 are as follows:
 
 
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
 
 
RMB
 
 
RMB
 
 
RMB
 
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRC
 
 
4,881
 
 
 
11,648
 
 
 
5,709
 
U.S.
 
 
-
 
 
 
93
 
 
 
-
 
Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRC
 
 
1,030
 
 
 
(2,161
)
 
 
(2,594
)
U.S.
 
 
-
 
 
 
34
 
 
 
383
 
Provision for income tax expenses (benefits)
 
 
5,911
 
 
 
9,614
 
 
 
3,498
 
Schedule of Principal Components of the Group's Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The principal components of the Group’s deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
 
 
 
As of December 31
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
 
 
RMB
 
 
RMB
 
Deferred tax asset:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued expense
 
 
7,028
 
 
 
5,942
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
 
 
47,593
 
 
 
45,032
 
Tax loss carried forward
 
 
359,908
 
 
 
259,740
 
Deferred advertising expense
 
 
670
 
 
 
472
 
Impairment of long-lived tangible assets
 
 
19,691
 
 
 
424
 
Total deferred tax assets
 
 
434,890
 
 
 
311,610
 
Valuation allowance
 
 
(403,485
)
 
 
(278,437
)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
 
 
31,405
 
 
 
33,173
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- Unrecognized valuation surplus and deficit - acquisition
 
 
79,834
 
 
 
79,834
 
- Unrecognized valuation surplus and deficit - decrease due to amortization and impairment
 
 
(56,677
)
 
 
(58,272
)
- Unrealized profit of short-term investments
 
 
26
 
 
 
142
 
- Accelerated fixed assets depreciation
 
 
-
 
 
 
1,229
 
Total deferred tax liabilities
 
 
23,183
 
 
 
22,933
 
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance and deferred tax liabilities
 
 
8,222
 
 
 
10,240
 
Summary of amounts and expiration dates of operating loss carryforward
The following represents the amounts and expiration dates of operating loss carried forwards for tax purpose:
 
 
 
Amount
 
 
 
RMB
 
2019
 
 
151,768
 
2020
 
 
83,692
 
2021
 
 
59,575
 
2022
 
 
31,845
 
2023 and thereafter
 
 
689,323
 
Total
 
 
1,016,203
 
Schedule of Roll-forward of Valuation Allowance
The following represents a roll-forward of the valuation allowance for each of the years:
 
 
 
As of December 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
 
 
RMB
 
 
RMB
 
 
RMB
 
Balance at beginning of the year
 
 
530,358
 
 
 
536,838
 
 
 
403,485
 
Allowance made during the year
 
 
6,480
 
 
 
10,764
 
 
 
7,315
 
Decrease due to disposal/deregistration of subsidiaries
 
 
-
 
 
 
(120,069
)
 
 
(23,595
)
Reversals
 
 
-
 
 
 
(24,048
)
 
 
(108,768
)
Balance at end of the year
 
 
536,838
 
 
 
403,485
 
 
 
278,437
 
Schedule of Reconciliation Between Total Income Tax Expense and Amount Computed by Applying the Weighted Average Statutory Income Tax Rate to Income Before Income Taxes
Reconciliation between total income tax expense and the amount computed by applying the PRC statutory income tax rate to income before income taxes is as follows:
 
 
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
 
 
%
 
 
%
 
 
%
 
PRC statutory income tax rate
 
 
25
%
 
 
25
%
 
 
25
%
Impact of different tax rates in other jurisdictions
 
 
-
 
 
 
(6
)%
 
 
(2
)%
Tax effect of non-deductible expenses
 
 
(1
)%
 
 
15
%
 
 
9
%
Tax effect of non-taxable income
 
 
1
%
 
 
(13
)%
 
 
(9
)%
Tax effect of tax-exempt entities
 
 
(10
)%
 
 
7
%
 
 
0
%
Tax effect of deemed profit
 
 
(1
)%
 
 
0
%
 
 
(2
)%
Tax effect of short term investment
 
 
0
%
 
 
0
%
 
 
3
%
Tax penalty
 
 
(4
)%
 
 
2
%
 
 
0
%
Changes in valuation allowance
 
 
(29
)%
 
 
(12
)%
 
 
(16
)%
Effective tax rate
 
 
(19
)%
 
 
18
%
 
 
8
%
Schedule of Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Liabilities Associated with Uncertain Tax Positions
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions is as follows:
 
 
 
As of December 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
 
 
RMB
 
 
RMB
 
 
RMB
 
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of year
 
 
23,648
 
 
 
25,323
 
 
 
24,619
 
Increases related to current tax positions
 
 
1,675
 
 
 
5,941
 
 
 
2,042
 
Decrease due to disposal of subsidiaries (Note 25)
 
 
-
 
 
 
(6,645
)
 
 
-
 
Decrease due to deregistration of subsidiary
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
(415
)
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of year
 
 
25,323
 
 
 
24,619
 
 
 
26,246