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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 6 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |  |
Liquidity | Liquidity In assessing the Company’s liquidity, the Company monitors and analyzes its cash on-hand and its operating and capital expenditure commitments. The Company’s liquidity needs are to meet its working capital requirements, operating expenses and capital expenditure obligations. The Company engages in providing a full suite of construction and engineering services. The Company’s business is capital intensive. Working deficit was approximately SGD 0.2 million (USD 0.2 million) as of June 30, 2024, as compared to working capital approximately SGD 1.2 million as of December 31, 2023. As of June 30, 2024, cash in bank balance was approximately SGD 4.6 million (USD 3.4 million). In addition to cash in bank, the Company also has other current assets mainly composed of accounts receivable, and contract assets. The Company had accounts receivable of approximately SGD 1.5 million (USD 1.1 million), and contract assets of approximately SGD 5.3 million (USD 3.9 million) as of June 30, 2024, all of them are short-term in nature and can be collected back within the Company’s operating cycles to be used to support the Company’s working capital need. Although the Company believes that it can realize its current assets in the normal course of business, its ability to repay its current obligations will depend on the future realization of its current assets. Management has considered historical experience, the economic environment, trends in the construction industry, and the expected collectability of accounts receivable and contract assets as of June 30, 2024. The Company expects to realize balances net of allowance within the normal operating cycle of a twelve-month period. If the Company is unable to realize its current assets within the normal twelvemonth operating cycle, the Company may have to consider supplementing its available sources of funds through the following:
| ● | Financing from the Company’s officers/shareholders;
| ● | Other available sources of financing from banks and other financial institutions, given the Company’s credit history;
Based on the above considerations, management is of the opinion that the Company has sufficient funds to meet its working capital requirements and debt obligations as they become due. However, there is no assurance that management will be successful in their plans. There are a number of factors that could potentially arise that could undermine the Company’s plans, such as changes in the demand for its services, economic conditions, competitive pricing in the construction industry, its operating results continuing to making profit and its bank and shareholders being able to provide continued financial support. | Liquidity In assessing the Company’s liquidity, the Company monitors and analyzes its cash on-hand and its operating and capital expenditure commitments. The Company’s liquidity needs are to meet its working capital requirements, operating expenses and capital expenditure obligations. The Company engages in providing a full suite of construction and engineering services. The Company’s business is capital intensive. Working capital was approximately SGD 1.2 million (USD 0.9 million) as of December 31, 2023, as compared to approximately SGD 2.2 million as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, cash in bank balance was approximately SGD 4.5 million (USD 3.3 million). In addition to cash in bank, the Company also has other current assets mainly composed of accounts receivable, and contract assets. The Company had accounts receivable of approximately SGD 3.5 million (USD 2.6 million), and contract assets of approximately SGD 5.1 million (USD 3.8 million) as of December 31, 2023, all of them are short-term in nature and can be collected back within the Company’s operating cycles to be used to support the Company’s working capital need. Although the Company believes that it can realize its current assets in the normal course of business, its ability to repay its current obligations will depend on the future realization of its current assets. Management has considered historical experience, the economic environment, trends in the construction industry, and the expected collectability of accounts receivable and contract assets as of December 31, 2023. The Company expects to realize balances net of allowance within the normal operating cycle of a twelve-month period. If the Company is unable to realize its current assets within the normal twelvemonth operating cycle, the Company may have to consider supplementing its available sources of funds through the following:
| ● | Financing from the Company’s officers/shareholders;
| ● | Other available sources of financing from banks and other financial institutions, given the Company’s credit history;
Based on the above considerations, management is of the opinion that the Company has sufficient funds to meet its working capital requirements and debt obligations as they become due. However, there is no assurance that management will be successful in their plans. There are a number of factors that could potentially arise that could undermine the Company’s plans, such as changes in the demand for its services, economic conditions, competitive pricing in the construction industry, its operating results continuing to making profit and its bank and shareholders being able to provide continued financial support.
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation | Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”) The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other interim period or for the full year of 2024. Accordingly, these statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and note thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2023. The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary. All intercompany transactions and balances among the Company and its subsidiary have been eliminated upon consolidation. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”) The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary. All intercompany transactions and balances among the Company and its subsidiary have been eliminated upon consolidation. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Use of Estimates and Assumptions | Use of Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and judgments are based on historical information, information that is currently available to the Company and on various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates required to be made by management, include, but are not limited to, the allowance for credit losses, the determination of the useful lives of property and equipment, impairment of long-lived assets, allowance for deferred tax assets, uncertain tax position, right-of-use assets, financing lease liabilities, revenue recognition and contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates. | Use of Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and judgments are based on historical information, information that is currently available to the Company and on various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates required to be made by management, include, but are not limited to, the allowance for credit loss, the determination of the useful lives of property and equipment, impairment of long-lived assets, allowance for deferred tax assets, uncertain tax position, right-of-use assets, financing lease liabilities, revenue recognition and contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Foreign Currency Translation and transaction | Foreign Currency Translation and transaction The Company uses Singapore Dollars (“SGD”) as its reporting currency. The functional currency of the Company in Cayman and British Virgin Island is U.S. dollar and the subsidiary which incorporate in Singapore is Singapore Dollars which are their respective local currencies based on the criteria of ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters”. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchange in place at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the consolidated statement of operations. Assets and liabilities of the Company translated from their respective functional currencies to the reporting currency at the exchange rates at the balance sheet dates, equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates and revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the reporting period. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustment are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). | Foreign Currency Translation and transaction The Company uses Singapore Dollars (“SGD”) as its reporting currency. The functional currency of the Company in Cayman and British Virgin Island is U.S. dollar and the subsidiary which incorporate in Singapore is Singapore Dollars which are their respective local currencies based on the criteria of ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters”. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchange in place at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income. Assets and liabilities of the Company translated from their respective functional currencies to the reporting currency at the exchange rates at the balance sheet dates, equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates and revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the reporting period. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustment are recorded in other comprehensive income.
Convenience translation | Convenience translation Translations of balances in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of income and consolidated statements of cash flows from SGD into USD as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2024 are solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the rate of SGD 1.00 to USD 0.74, representing the noon buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers of SGD as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on the last trading day of June 28, 2024. No representation is made that the SGD amounts represent or could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into USD at that rate, or at any other rate. | Convenience translation Translations of balances in the consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of income and consolidated statements of cash flows from SGD into USD as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 are solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the rate of SGD 1.00 to USD 0.74, representing the noon buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers of SGD as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on the last trading day of December 29, 2023. No representation is made that the SGD amounts represent or could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into USD at that rate, or at any other rate.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the exchange price that would be received from an asset or paid to transfer a liability (as exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities, such as cash, accounts receivable, prepayments and other current assets, accounts payable, and other current liabilities, approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments and market rates of interest. ASC 825-10 requires certain disclosures regarding the fair value of financial instruments. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
| Level 1 - | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
| Level 2 - | Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, or other inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
| Level 3 - | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
The Company considers the carrying amount of its financial assets and liabilities, which consist primarily of accounts receivable, contract assets, due from related parties, financing lease, prepayments and other current assets, accounts payable, contract liabilities, income taxes payable, due to related parties, loan from related party, accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate the fair value of the respective assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to their short-term nature. | Fair Value of Financial Instruments The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the exchange price that would be received from an asset or paid to transfer a liability (as exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities, such as cash, accounts receivable, prepayments and other current assets, accounts payable, and other current liabilities, approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments and market rates of interest. ASC 825-10 requires certain disclosures regarding the fair value of financial instruments. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
| Level 1 - | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| Level 2 - | Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, or other inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
| Level 3 - | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
The Company considers the carrying amount of its financial assets and liabilities, which consist primarily of accounts receivable, contract assets, prepayments and other current assets, accounts payable, contract liabilities, income taxes payable, due to related parties, accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate the fair value of the respective assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 due to their short-term nature.
Cash and Restricted Cash | Cash and Restricted Cash Cash includes cash on hand and demand deposits in accounts maintained with commercial banks that can be added or withdrawn without limitation and have original maturities of less than three months. The Company maintains the bank accounts in Singapore. Cash balances in bank accounts in Singapore with maximum amount of SGD 75,000 are insured under the Deposit Protection Scheme introduced by the Singapore Government. Cash balances in bank accounts in Singapore are not otherwise insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or other programs. Restricted cash consisted of deposit which is required to be withheld in the bank by the Company to compensate the customer in case of breach of contract. | Cash and Restricted Cash Cash includes cash on hand and demand deposits in accounts maintained with commercial banks that can be added or withdrawn without limitation and have original maturities of less than three months. The Company maintains the bank accounts in Singapore. Cash balances in bank accounts in Singapore with maximum amount of SGD 75,000 are insured under the Deposit Protection Scheme introduced by the Singapore Government. Cash balances in bank accounts in Singapore are not otherwise insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or other programs. Restricted cash consisted of deposit which is required to be withheld in the bank by the Company to compensate the customer in case of breach of contract.
Accounts Receivable, net | Accounts Receivable, net Accounts receivable are recognized and carried at original invoiced amount. From January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaced the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under CECL is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including accounts receivable. The Company adopted ASC Topic 326 using the modified retrospective method in scope of the standard. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASC Topic 326, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. Upon adoption, the Company recorded nil allowance for credit losses. The Company uses simplified flow rate matrix approach to estimate expected credit losses for the accounts receivable. The allowance for credit losses is estimated for accounts receivable that share similar risk characteristics based on a collective assessment using a combination of measurement models and management judgment. The approach considers factors including historical ageing schedule and forward-looking macroeconomic conditions. | Accounts Receivable, net Accounts receivable are recognized and carried at original invoiced amount. From January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaced the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under CECL is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including accounts receivable. The Company adopted ASC Topic 326 using the modified retrospective method in scope of the standard. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASC Topic 326, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. Upon adoption, the Company recorded nil allowance for credit losses. The Company uses simplified flow rate matrix approach to estimate expected credit losses for the accounts receivable. The allowance for credit losses is estimated for accounts receivable that share similar risk characteristics based on a collective assessment using a combination of measurement models and management judgment. The approach considers factors including historical ageing schedule and forward-looking macroeconomic conditions.
Prepayments | Prepayments Prepayments represent advance payments made to the service providers for future services. Prepayments are short-term in nature and are reviewed periodically to determine whether their carrying value has become impaired. The Company considers the assets to be impaired if the realizability of the prepayments becomes doubtful. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was no allowance recorded as the Company considers all of the prepayments fully realizable. | Prepayments Prepayments represent advance payments made to the service providers for future services. Prepayments are short-term in nature and are reviewed periodically to determine whether their carrying value has become impaired. The Company considers the assets to be impaired if the realizability of the prepayments becomes doubtful. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, there was no allowance recorded as the Company considers all of the prepayments fully realizable. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Other receivables – related parties | Other receivables – related parties Other receivables - related parties represent amounts owed to a company by its related parties. Related parties can include affiliated companies, parent companies, subsidiaries, directors, officers, or shareholders. The Company considers the assets to be impaired if the realizability of the receivables becomes doubtful. From January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaced the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under CECL is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including Other receivables – related parties. Upon adoption, the Company recorded nil allowance for credit losses. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | Other receivables – related parties Other receivables - related parties represent amounts owed to a company by its related parties. Related parties can include affiliated companies, parent companies, subsidiaries, directors, officers, or shareholders. The Company considers the assets to be impaired if the realizability of the receivables becomes doubtful. From January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaced the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under CECL is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including Other receivables – related parties. Upon adoption, the Company recorded nil allowance for credit losses.
Lease | Lease On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842) (“Topic 842”) issued by the FASB, using the modified retrospective transition method and elected the transition option to use an effective date of January 1, 2020 as the date of initial application. The adoption of Topic 842 resulted in the presentation of financing lease on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company has elected the package of practical expedients permitted which allows the Company not to reassess the following at adoption date: (i) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contains a lease, (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (iii) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases (i.e. whether those costs qualify for capitalization under ASU 2016-02). The Company also elected the short-term lease exemption for certain classes of underlying assets including office space, warehouses and equipment, with a lease term of 12 months or less. The Company determines whether an arrangement is or contain a lease at inception. The Company classifies a lease as a finance lease when the lease meets any of the following criteria at lease commencement:
| a. | The lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term;
| b. | The lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise;
| c. | The lease term is for the major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset;
| d. | The present value of the sum of the lease payments and any residual value guaranteed by the lessee that is not already reflected in the lease payments in accordance with ASC 842 paragraph 842-10-30-5(f) equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset;
| e. | The underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term.
All leases of the Company are currently classified as financing leases. The Company recognizes a lease in the financial statement when the arrangement either explicitly or implicitly involves property, plant or equipment (“PP&E”), the contract terms are dependent on the useful life of the PP&E, and the Company have the ability or right to control the PP&E or to direct others to control the PP&E and receive the majority of the economic benefits of the assets. Financing lease liability, current, and financing lease liability, non-current in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The financing lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company applied its interest rate based on the actual incremental borrowing rate from the leasing contract that is available at lease commencement date in determining the lease interest expense. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Lease expenses for lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, under depreciation expenses. The Company reviews the impairment of its financing lease assets consistent with the approach applied for its other long-lived assets. The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on its ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows of the related operations. The Company has elected to include the carrying amount of financing lease liabilities in the tested asset group and include the associated financing lease payments in the undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | Lease On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842) (“Topic 842”) issued by the FASB, using the modified retrospective transition method and elected the transition option to use an effective date of January 1, 2020 as the date of initial application. The adoption of Topic 842 resulted in the presentation of financing lease on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company has elected the package of practical expedients permitted which allows the Company not to reassess the following at adoption date: (i) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contains a lease, (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (iii) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases (i.e. whether those costs qualify for capitalization under ASU 2016-02). The Company also elected the short-term lease exemption for certain classes of underlying assets including office space, warehouses and equipment, with a lease term of 12 months or less. The Company determines whether an arrangement is or contain a lease at inception. The Company classifies a lease as a finance lease when the lease meets any of the following criteria at lease commencement:
| a. | The lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term;
| b. | The lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise;
| c. | The lease term is for the major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset;
| d. | The present value of the sum of the lease payments and any residual value guaranteed by the lessee that is not already reflected in the lease payments in accordance with ASC 842 paragraph 842-10-30-5(f) equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset;
| e. | The underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term.
All leases of the Company are currently classified as financing leases. The Company recognizes a lease in the financial statement when the arrangement either explicitly or implicitly involves property, plant or equipment (“PP&E”), the contract terms are dependent on the useful life of the PP&E, and the Company have the ability or right to control the PP&E or to direct others to control the PP&E and receive the majority of the economic benefits of the assets. Financing lease liability, current, and financing lease liability, non-current in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The financing lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company applied its interest rate based on the actual incremental borrowing rate from the leasing contract that is available at lease commencement date in determining the lease interest expense. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Lease expenses for lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, under depreciation expenses. The Company reviews the impairment of its financing lease assets consistent with the approach applied for its other long-lived assets. The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on its ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows of the related operations. The Company has elected to include the carrying amount of financing lease liabilities in the tested asset group and include the associated financing lease payments in the undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Property and Equipment, net | Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation and amortization are provided for on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows: Schedule of Property Plant and Equipment Net of Accumulated Depreciation
Building |  | 50 years
Land |  | Indefinite
Renovation |  | 8 years
Furniture and fixtures |  | 10 years
Motor vehicles |  | 5 years
Electronic equipment |  | 1 – 3 years
Machinery |  | 5 years
Forklift |  | 6 years
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not materially extend the useful lives of the assets, are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments which substantially extend the useful life of assets are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in other income or expenses. The Company also re-evaluates the periods of depreciation to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives. | Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation and amortization are provided for on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows: Schedule of Property Plant and Equipment Net of Accumulated Depreciation
Building |  | 50 years
Land |  | Indefinite
Renovation |  | 8 years
Furniture and fixtures |  | 10 years
Motor vehicles |  | 5 years
Electronic equipment |  | 1 – 3 years
Machinery |  | 5 years
Forklift |  | 6 years
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not materially extend the useful lives of the assets, are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments which substantially extend the useful life of assets are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income in other income or expenses. The Company also re-evaluates the periods of depreciation to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives.
Deferred Offering Cost | Deferred Offering Cost Deferred offering costs consist of legal, accounting, underwriting fees and other costs incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the initial public offering. These costs, together with the underwriting discounts and commissions, will be charged to permanent equity upon completion of the initial public offering. Should the initial public offering prove to be unsuccessful, these deferred costs, as well as additional expenses to be incurred, will be charged to expenses. As of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2024, the Company has incurred and deferred SGD828,458 and SGD1,115,413 (USD 825,406) of deferred offering costs. | Deferred Offering Cost Deferred offering costs consist of legal, accounting, underwriting fees and other costs incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the initial public offering. These costs, together with the underwriting discounts and commissions, will be charged to permanent equity upon completion of the initial public offering. Should the initial public offering prove to be unsuccessful, these deferred costs, as well as additional expenses to be incurred, will be charged to expenses. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company has incurred and deferred SGD522,987 and SGD828,458 (USD 613,059) of deferred offering costs.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. When these events occur, the Company measures impairment by comparing the carrying value of the long-lived assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying amount of the assets, the Company would recognize an impairment loss, which is the excess of carrying amount over the fair value of the assets, using the expected future discounted cash flows. There were no impairment losses on long-lived assets for the years ended June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. When these events occur, the Company measures impairment by comparing the carrying value of the long-lived assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying amount of the assets, the Company would recognize an impairment loss, which is the excess of carrying amount over the fair value of the assets, using the expected future discounted cash flows. There were no impairment losses on long-lived assets for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition The Company adopted the revenue standard Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, starting January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective method for contracts that were not completed as of the date of adoption. The adoption of this ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The core principle of the revenue standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The following five steps are applied to achieve that core principle: Step 1: Identify the contract with the customer Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract Step 3: Determine the transaction price Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract Step 5: Recognize revenue when the Company satisfies a performance obligation. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) The Company enters into agreements with customers that create enforceable rights and obligations and for which it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration to which it will be entitled as services transfer to the customer. It is customary practice for the Company to have the agreements with its customers in writing. The Company recognizes revenue based on the consideration specified in the applicable agreement. Projects with performance obligations recognized over time that have revenue recognized to date in excess of cumulative billings are reported on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as “Contract assets”. Contract retentions, included in contract assets, represent amounts withheld by clients, in accordance with underlying contract terms, until certain conditions are met or the project is completed. The Company will recognize the revenue of sales of construction material when the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to the customer. Control of the goods is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods. Revenue from service orders is recognized when the entity satisfied the performance obligation at a point in time generally as the services are provided. The contracts which the Company enters into with the clients are fixed price and provide for milestone billings based upon the attainment of specific project objectives to ensure the Company meets its contractual requirements. Additionally, contracts may include retentions or holdbacks paid at the end of a project to ensure that Company meets the contract requirements. The Company does not assess whether a contract contains a significant financing component if the Company expects, at contract inception, that the period between payment by the customers and the transfer of promised services to the customers will be less than one year. Since the Company has concluded that the promises to be delivered on the contract would be one single performance obligation, no allocation of the transaction price is required and expected. As a professional interior design and fit-out service provider, the Company recognizes revenue based on the Company’s effort or inputs to the satisfaction of a performance obligation over time as work progresses because of the continuous transfer of control to the customer and the Company’s right to bill the customer as costs are incurred. The Company’s contract with the customer has payment terms specified based upon certain conditions completed. The Company will submit monthly progress claim to the customer, and after the Company received the certified interim progress certificate, the Company will issue a tax invoice to the customer. The final tax invoice is generally issued after the project completion and agreed by customer and the Company. As the Company’s customers are required to pay the Company at different billing stages over the contract period, as such, the Company believes the progress payments limit the Company’s exposure to credit risk and that the Company would be able to collect substantially all of the consideration gradually at different stages. The timing of the satisfaction of the Company’s performance obligations is based upon the cost-to-cost measure of progress method, which is generally different than the timing of unconditional right of payment, and is based upon certain conditions completed as specified in the contract. The timing between the satisfaction of the Company’s performance obligations and the unconditional right of payment would contribute to contract assets and contract liabilities. The Company uses the ratio of actual costs incurred to total estimated costs since costs incurred (an input method) represent a reasonable measure of progress towards the satisfaction of a performance in order to estimate the portion of revenue earned. This method faithfully depicts the transfer of value to the customer when the Company is satisfying a performance obligation that entails a number of interrelated tasks or activities for a combined output that requires the Company to coordinate the work of employees and subcontractors. Contract costs typically include direct labor, subcontract and consultant costs, materials and indirect costs related to contract performance. Changes in estimated costs to complete these obligations result in adjustments to revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis, which causes the effect of revised estimates to be recognized in the current period. Changes in estimates can routinely occur over the contract term for a variety of reasons including, changes in scope, unanticipated costs, delays or favorable or unfavorable progress than original expectations. When the outcome of the contract cannot be reasonably measured, revenue is recognized only to the extent of contract costs incurred that are expected to be recovered. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) When the current estimates of the total amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to the customer, and contract cost indicate a loss, a provision for the entire loss on the contract is made as soon as the loss become evident. An adjustment is also made to reflect the effects of the customer’s credit risk. The loss on a contract is reported as an additional contract cost (an operating expense), and not as a reduction of revenue or a non-operating expense. The Company’s contracts may contain variable consideration in the form of unpriced or pending change orders or claims that either increase or decrease the contract price. Variable consideration is generally estimated using the expected value method but may from time to time be estimated using the most likely amount method depending on the circumstance. Estimated amounts are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur or when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Estimates of variable consideration are based upon historical experience and known trends. The following table presents revenue classified by timing of revenue recognition for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively: Schedule of Timing of Revenue Recognition
|  | June 30, 2023 |  |  | June 30, 2024 |  |  | June 30, 2024 |
|  | For the six months ended |
|  | June 30, 2023 |  |  | June 30, 2024 |  |  | June 30, 2024 |
|  | SGD |  |  | SGD |  |  | USD |
Point in time |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Over time |  |  | 8,981,864 |  |  |  | 8,333,053 |  |  |  | 6,166,460 |
Total revenue |  |  | 8,985,864 |  |  |  | 8,333,053 |  |  |  | 6,166,460 |
The following table presents revenue by major revenue type for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively: Schedule of Major Revenue
|  | June 30, 2023 |  |  | June 30, 2024 |  |  | June 30, 2024 |
|  | For the six months ended |
|  | June 30, 2023 |  |  | June 30, 2024 |  |  | June 30, 2024 |
|  | SGD |  |  | SGD |  |  | USD |
Revenue from construction contracts |  |  | 8,981,864 |  |  |  | 8,333,053 |  |  |  | 6,166,460 |
Sales of construction materials |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total |  |  | 8,985,864 |  |  |  | 8,333,053 |  |  |  | 6,166,460 |
Warranty The Company generally provides limited warranties for work performed under its contracts. At the time a sale is recognized, the Company records estimated future warranty costs under ASC 460. Such estimated costs for warranties are estimated at completion and these warranties are not service warranties separately sold by the Company. Generally, the estimated claim rates of warranty are based on actual warranty experience or Company’s best estimate. There were no such reserves for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2024 because the Company’s historical warranty expenses were immaterial to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities Projects with performance obligations recognized over time that have revenue recognized to date in excess of cumulative billings are reported on consolidated balance sheets as “Contract assets”. Contract retentions, included in contract assets, represent amounts withheld by clients, in accordance with underlying contract terms, until certain conditions are met or the project is completed. Provisions for estimated losses of contract assets on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Contract assets have billing term with unconditional right to be billed beyond one year are classified as non-current assets. Contract liabilities on uncompleted contracts represent the amounts of cash collected from clients, billings to clients on contracts in advance of work performed and revenue recognized and provisions for losses. The majority of these amounts are expected to be earned within twelve months and are classified as current liabilities. | Revenue Recognition The Company adopted the revenue standard Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, starting January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective method for contracts that were not completed as of the date of adoption. The adoption of this ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The core principle of the revenue standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The following five steps are applied to achieve that core principle: Step 1: Identify the contract with the customer Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract Step 3: Determine the transaction price Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract Step 5: Recognize revenue when the Company satisfies a performance obligation. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The Company enters into agreements with customers that create enforceable rights and obligations and for which it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration to which it will be entitled as services transfer to the customer. It is customary practice for the Company to have the agreements with its customers in writing. The Company recognizes revenue based on the consideration specified in the applicable agreement. Projects with performance obligations recognized over time that have revenue recognized to date in excess of cumulative billings are reported on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as “Contract assets”. Contract retentions, included in contract assets, represent amounts withheld by clients, in accordance with underlying contract terms, until certain conditions are met or the project is completed. The Company will recognize the revenue of sales of construction material when the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to the customer. Control of the goods is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods. Revenue from service orders is recognized when the entity satisfied the performance obligation at a point in time generally as the services are provided. The contracts which the Company enters into with the clients are fixed price and provide for milestone billings based upon the attainment of specific project objectives to ensure the Company meets its contractual requirements. Additionally, contracts may include retentions or holdbacks paid at the end of a project to ensure that Company meets the contract requirements. The Company does not assess whether a contract contains a significant financing component if the Company expects, at contract inception, that the period between payment by the customers and the transfer of promised services to the customers will be less than one year. Since the Company has concluded that the promises to be delivered on the contract would be one single performance obligation, no allocation of the transaction price is required and expected. As a professional interior design and fit-out service provider, the Company recognizes revenue based on the Company’s effort or inputs to the satisfaction of a performance obligation over time as work progresses because of the continuous transfer of control to the customer and the Company’s right to bill the customer as costs are incurred. The Company’s contract with the customer has payment terms specified based upon certain conditions completed. The Company will submit monthly progress claim to the customer, and after the Company received the certified interim progress certificate, the Company will issue a tax invoice to the customer. The final tax invoice is generally issued after the project completion and agreed by customer and the Company. As the Company’s customers are required to pay the Company at different billing stages over the contract period, as such, the Company believes the progress payments limit the Company’s exposure to credit risk and that the Company would be able to collect substantially all of the consideration gradually at different stages. The timing of the satisfaction of the Company’s performance obligations is based upon the cost-to-cost measure of progress method, which is generally different than the timing of unconditional right of payment, and is based upon certain conditions completed as specified in the contract. The timing between the satisfaction of the Company’s performance obligations and the unconditional right of payment would contribute to contract assets and contract liabilities. The Company uses the ratio of actual costs incurred to total estimated costs since costs incurred (an input method) represent a reasonable measure of progress towards the satisfaction of a performance in order to estimate the portion of revenue earned. This method faithfully depicts the transfer of value to the customer when the Company is satisfying a performance obligation that entails a number of interrelated tasks or activities for a combined output that requires the Company to coordinate the work of employees and subcontractors. Contract costs typically include direct labor, subcontract and consultant costs, materials and indirect costs related to contract performance. Changes in estimated costs to complete these obligations result in adjustments to revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis, which causes the effect of revised estimates to be recognized in the current period. Changes in estimates can routinely occur over the contract term for a variety of reasons including, changes in scope, unanticipated costs, delays or favorable or unfavorable progress than original expectations. When the outcome of the contract cannot be reasonably measured, revenue is recognized only to the extent of contract costs incurred that are expected to be recovered. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements When the current estimates of the total amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to the customer, and contract cost indicate a loss, a provision for the entire loss on the contract is made as soon as the loss become evident. An adjustment is also made to reflect the effects of the customer’s credit risk. The loss on a contract is reported as an additional contract cost (an operating expense), and not as a reduction of revenue or a non-operating expense. The Company’s contracts may contain variable consideration in the form of unpriced or pending change orders or claims that either increase or decrease the contract price. Variable consideration is generally estimated using the expected value method but may from time to time be estimated using the most likely amount method depending on the circumstance. Estimated amounts are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur or when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Estimates of variable consideration are based upon historical experience and known trends. The following table presents revenue classified by timing of revenue recognition for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively: Schedule of Timing of Revenue Recognition
|  | 2022 SGD |  |  | 2023 SGD |  |  | 2023 USD |
Point in time |  |  | 57,618 |  |  |  | 4,701 |  |  |  | 3,479 |
Over time |  |  | 16,766,550 |  |  |  | 21,805,616 |  |  |  | 16,136,155 |
Total revenue |  |  | 16,824,168 |  |  |  | 21,810,317 |  |  |  | 16,139,634 |
The following table presents revenue by major revenue type for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively: Schedule of Major Revenue
|  | 2022 SGD |  |  | 2023 SGD |  |  | 2023 USD |
Revenue from construction contracts |  |  | 16,766,550 |  |  |  | 21,805,616 |  |  |  | 16,136,155 |
Sales of construction materials |  |  | 57,618 |  |  |  | 4,701 |  |  |  | 3,479 |
Total |  |  | 16,824,168 |  |  |  | 21,810,317 |  |  |  | 16,139,634 |
Warranty The Company generally provides limited warranties for work performed under its contracts. At the time a sale is recognized, the Company records estimated future warranty costs under ASC 460. Such estimated costs for warranties are estimated at completion and these warranties are not service warranties separately sold by the Company. Generally, the estimated claim rates of warranty are based on actual warranty experience or Company’s best estimate. There were no such reserves for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 because the Company’s historical warranty expenses were immaterial to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities Projects with performance obligations recognized over time that have revenue recognized to date in excess of cumulative billings are reported on consolidated balance sheets as “Contract assets”. Contract retentions, included in contract assets, represent amounts withheld by clients, in accordance with underlying contract terms, until certain conditions are met or the project is completed. Provisions for estimated losses of contract assets on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Contract assets have billing term with unconditional right to be billed beyond one year are classified as non-current assets. Contract liabilities on uncompleted contracts represent the amounts of cash collected from clients, billings to clients on contracts in advance of work performed and revenue recognized and provisions for losses. The majority of these amounts are expected to be earned within twelve months and are classified as current liabilities.
Cost of Revenue | Cost of Revenue The Company’s cost of revenue is primarily comprised of the material costs, subcontracting costs and staff costs. These costs are expenses as incurred. | Cost of Revenue The Company’s cost of revenue is primarily comprised of the material costs, subcontracting costs and staff costs. These costs are expenses as incurred.
Borrowing Costs | Borrowing Costs All borrowing costs are recognized in interest expenses in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in the period in which they are incurred. | Borrowing Costs All borrowing costs are recognized in interest expenses in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income in the period in which they are incurred.
Advertising Costs | Advertising Costs The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred and were included as part of selling and marketing expenses. Advertising costs for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2024, totaled SGD 0 and SGD 0 respectively. | Advertising Costs The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred and were included as part of selling and marketing expenses. Advertising costs for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, totaled nil and SGD 650 (USD 481) respectively.
Employee Benefit Plan | Employee Benefit Plan Employees of the Company located in Singapore participate in a compulsory saving scheme (pension fund) for the retirement of residents in Singapore. Employees are required to contribute monthly to mandatory provident fund schemes provided by approved private organizations, according to their salaries and the period of employment. The Company is required to contribute to the plan based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government. Total expenses for the plan were SGD 60,814 and SGD 62,791 (USD 46,465) for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | Employee Benefit Plan Employees of the Company located in Singapore participate in a compulsory saving scheme (pension fund) for the retirement of residents in Singapore. Employees are required to contribute monthly to mandatory provident fund schemes provided by approved private organizations, according to their salaries and the period of employment. The Company is required to contribute to the plan based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government. Total expenses for the plan were SGD 132,471 and SGD 133,455 (USD 98,757) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax basis used in the computation of assessable tax profit. In principle, deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences. The Company has recognized deferred tax assets for temporary differences, operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilized. The accruals for deferred tax assets and liabilities, including deferred income tax assets and liabilities, are subject to significant judgment and are reviewed and adjusted routinely based on changes in facts and circumstances. Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it is related to items credited or charged directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities. The provisions of ASC 740-10-25, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”, prescribe a more-likely-than-not threshold for consolidated financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on the recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and related disclosures. The Company believes there were no uncertain tax positions at June 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The Company does not expect that its assessment regarding unrecognized tax positions will materially change over the next 12 months. The Company is not currently under examination by an income tax authority, nor has been notified that an examination is contemplated. | Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax basis used in the computation of assessable tax profit. In principle, deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences. The Company has recognized deferred tax assets for temporary differences, operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilized. The accruals for deferred tax assets and liabilities, including deferred income tax assets and liabilities, are subject to significant judgment and are reviewed and adjusted routinely based on changes in facts and circumstances. Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it is related to items credited or charged directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities. The provisions of ASC 740-10-25, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”, prescribe a more-likely-than-not threshold for consolidated financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on the recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and related disclosures. An uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax expense in the period incurred. No significant penalties or interest relating to income taxes have been incurred during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company believes there were no uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The Company does not expect that its assessment regarding unrecognized tax positions will materially change over the next 12 months. The Company is not currently under examination by an income tax authority, nor has been notified that an examination is contemplated.
Earnings (Loss) per share | (Loss) earnings per share The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share” (“ASC 260”). ASC 260 requires companies with complex capital structures to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS are computed by dividing income available to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue ordinary shares were exercised and converted into ordinary shares. As of June 30, 2023 and 2024, there were no dilutive shares. | Earnings (Loss) per share The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share” (“ASC 260”). ASC 260 requires companies with complex capital structures to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS are computed by dividing income available to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue ordinary shares were exercised and converted into ordinary shares. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, there were no dilutive shares.
Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) consists of two components, net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to revenue, expenses, gains and losses that under U.S. GAAP are recorded as an element of shareholders’ equity but are excluded from net income. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | Comprehensive Income Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income consists of two components, net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income refers to revenue, expenses, gains and losses that under U.S. GAAP are recorded as an element of shareholders’ equity but are excluded from net income. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Commitments and Contingencies | Commitments and Contingencies In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, which cover a wide range of matters. Liabilities for contingencies are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated. If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss is incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability is accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss, if determinable and material, would be disclosed. Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the nature of the guarantee would be disclosed. | Commitments and Contingencies In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, which cover a wide range of matters. Liabilities for contingencies are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated. If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss is incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability is accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss, if determinable and material, would be disclosed. Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the nature of the guarantee would be disclosed.
Related parties | Related parties Parties, which can be a corporation or individual, are considered to be related if the Company has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence, such as a family member or relative, shareholder, or a related corporation. | Related parties Parties, which can be a corporation or individual, are considered to be related if the Company has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence, such as a family member or relative, shareholder, or a related corporation.
Significant Risks | Significant Risks Currency Risk The Company’s operating activities are transacted in S$. Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions, recognized assets and liabilities and net investments in foreign operations. The Company considers the foreign exchange risk in relation to transactions denominated in SGD with respect to USD is significant. Concentration and Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to the concentration of credit risks consist of cash and accounts receivable. The maximum exposures of such assets to credit risk are their carrying amounts as of the balance sheet dates. The Company deposits its cash with financial institutions located in Singapore. As of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2024, SGD 4,482,359 and SGD 4,604,336 (USD 3,407,209) were deposited with financial institutions located in Singapore. The Deposit Protection Scheme introduced by the Singapore Government insured each depositor at one bank for a maximum amount of SGD75,000. Otherwise, these balances are not covered by insurance. The unsecured deposited amount as of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2024 will be SGD 4,332,359 and SGD 4,454,336 (USD 3,296,209). The Company believes that no significant credit risk exists as these financial institutions have high credit quality and the Company has not incurred any losses related to such deposits. For the credit risk related to accounts receivable, the Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral. The Company establishes an allowance for credit losses based upon estimates, factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers and other information. The allowance amounts were immaterial for all periods presented. The management believes that its contract acceptance, billing, and collection policies are adequate to minimize material credit risk. Application for progress payment of contract works is made on a regular basis. The Company seeks to maintain strict control over its outstanding receivables. Overdue balances are reviewed regularly by the Directors. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and for the year ended December 31, 2023, all of the Company’s assets were located in Singapore and all of the Company’s revenue were derived from its subsidiary located in Singapore. The Company has a concentration of its revenue and accounts receivable with specific customers and purchases and accounts payable with specific suppliers. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) For the six months ended June 30, 2023, two customers accounted for approximately 60% and 23% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, four customers accounted for approximately 25%, 19%, 18% and 13% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, four customers’ accounts receivable accounted for approximately 34%, 20%, 15% and 12% of the total accounts receivable, respectively. As of June 30, 2024, three customers’ account receivables accounted for approximately 43%, 33% and 16% of total accounts receivable, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, one supplier accounted for approximately 11% of the Company’s total purchases. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, one supplier accounted for approximately 15% of the Company’s total purchases. As of December 31, 2023, two supplier’s accounts payable accounted for approximately 38% and 13%, respectively, of the total accounts payable and two suppliers’ accounts payable accounted for approximately 63%, and 11% of the total accounts payable as of June 30, 2024, respectively. Interest rate risk Fluctuations in market interest rates may negatively affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The Company is exposed to floating interest rate risk on cash deposit and floating rate borrowings, and the risks due to changes in interest rates is not material. The Company has not used any derivative financial instruments to manage the interest risk exposure. | Significant Risks Currency Risk The Company’s operating activities are transacted in S$. Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions, recognized assets and liabilities and net investments in foreign operations. The Company considers the foreign exchange risk in relation to transactions denominated in SGD with respect to USD is significant. Concentration and Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to the concentration of credit risks consist of cash and accounts receivable. The maximum exposures of such assets to credit risk are their carrying amounts as of the balance sheet dates. The Company deposits its cash with financial institutions located in Singapore. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, SGD 1,989,817 and SGD 4,482,359 (USD 3,316,946) were deposited with financial institutions located in Singapore. The Deposit Protection Scheme introduced by the Singapore Government insured each depositor at one bank for a maximum amount of SGD75,000. Otherwise, these balances are not covered by insurance. The unsecured deposited amount as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 will be SGD 1,839,817 and SGD 4,332,359 (USD 3,205,946). The Company believes that no significant credit risk exists as these financial institutions have high credit quality and the Company has not incurred any losses related to such deposits. For the credit risk related to accounts receivable, the Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral. The Company establishes an allowance for credit losses based upon estimates, factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers and other information. The allowance amounts were immaterial for all periods presented. The management believes that its contract acceptance, billing, and collection policies are adequate to minimize material credit risk. Application for progress payment of contract works is made on a regular basis. The Company seeks to maintain strict control over its outstanding receivables. Overdue balances are reviewed regularly by the Directors. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, all of the Company’s assets were located in Singapore and all of the Company’s revenue were derived from its subsidiary located in Singapore. The Company has a concentration of its revenue and accounts receivable with specific customers and purchases and accounts payable with specific suppliers. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended December 31, 2022, two customers accounted for approximately 41% and 12% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2023, four customers accounted for approximately 32%, 15%, 12%, and 11% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, three customers’ accounts receivable accounted for approximately 39%, 23% and 20% of the total accounts receivable, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, four customers’ account receivables accounted for approximately 34%, 20%, 15% and 12% of total accounts receivable, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2022, one supplier accounted for approximately 15% of the Company’s total purchases. For the year ended December 31, 2023, none of the supplier accounted for 10% of the Company’s total purchases. As of December 31, 2022, two supplier’s accounts payable accounted for approximately 30% and 15%, respectively of the total accounts payable and two suppliers’ accounts payable accounted for approximately 38% and 13% of the total accounts payable as of December 31, 2023, respectively. Interest rate risk Fluctuations in market interest rates may negatively affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The Company is exposed to floating interest rate risk on cash deposit and floating rate borrowings, and the risks due to changes in interest rates is not material. The Company has not used any derivative financial instruments to manage the interest risk exposure.
Recently Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements The Company considers the applicability and impact of all accounting standards updates (“ASUs”). Management periodically reviews new accounting standards that are issued. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”), the Company meets the definition of an emerging growth company, or EGC, and has elected the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards, which delays the adoption of these accounting standards until they would apply to private companies. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) In June 2022, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2022-03 Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. These amendments clarify that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. This guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, “‘Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2021-08”). This ASU requires entities to apply Topic 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination. The amendments improve comparability after the business combination by providing consistent recognition and measurement guidance for revenue contracts with customers acquired in a business combination and revenue contracts with customers not acquired in a business combination. The amendments are effective for the Company beginning after December 15, 2023, and are applied prospectively to business combinations that occur after the effective date. The Company is currently assessing the adoption of ASU 2021-04 on the consolidated financial statements. In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. This standard was issued in response to the SEC’s disclosure update and simplification initiative, which affects a variety of topics within the Accounting Standards Codification. The amendments apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected topics unless otherwise indicated. The effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC’s removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. The Company is currently assessing the adoption of ASU 2023-06 on the consolidated financial statements. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, which is an update to Topic 280, Segment Reporting. The amendments in this Update improve financial reporting by requiring disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis for all public entities to enable investors to develop more decision-useful financial analyses. The amendments in this update: (1) require that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss (collectively referred to as the “significant expense principle”), (2) Require that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, an amount for other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition. The other segment items category is the difference between segment revenue less the segment expenses disclosed under the significant expense principle and each reported measure of segment profit or loss, (3) Require that a public entity provide all annual disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods, and (4) Clarify that if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, a public entity may report one or more of those additional measures of segment profit. However, at least one of the reported segment profit or loss measures (or the single reported measure, if only one is disclosed) should be the measure that is most consistent with the measurement principles used in measuring the corresponding amounts in the public entity’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. In other words, in addition to the measure that is most consistent with the measurement principles under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), a public entity is not precluded from reporting additional measures of a segment’s profit or loss that are used by the CODM in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, (5) Require that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, and (6) Require that a public entity that has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this Update and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. The amendments in this Update also do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments in this Update retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Upon transition, the segment expense categories and amounts disclosed in the prior periods should be based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. The Company is evaluating the effect this guidance will have on our segment disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, which is an update to Topic 740, Income Taxes. The amendments in this update related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The amendments allow investors to better assess, in their capital allocation decisions, how an entity’s worldwide operations and related tax risks and tax planning and operational opportunities affect its income tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. 5 The other amendments in this Update improve the effectiveness and comparability of disclosures by (1) adding disclosures of pretax income (or loss) and income tax expense (or benefit) to be consistent with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulation S-X 210.4-08(h), Rules of General Application—General Notes to Financial Statements: Income Tax Expense, and (2) removing disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial or relevant. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. For entities other than public business entities, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments in this Update should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. We are evaluating the effect this guidance will have on our tax disclosures. Except for the above-mentioned pronouncements, there are no new recent issued accounting standards that will have a material impact on the consolidated financial position, statements of operations and cash flows. | Recently Accounting Pronouncements The Company considers the applicability and impact of all accounting standards updates (“ASUs”). Management periodically reviews new accounting standards that are issued. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”), the Company meets the definition of an emerging growth company, or EGC, and has elected the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards, which delays the adoption of these accounting standards until they would apply to private companies. FBS GLOBAL LIMITED Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements In June 2022, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2022-03 Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. These amendments clarify that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. This guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the adoption of this standard on its consolidated financial statements. In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, “‘Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2021-08”). This ASU requires entities to apply Topic 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination. The amendments improve comparability after the business combination by providing consistent recognition and measurement guidance for revenue contracts with customers acquired in a business combination and revenue contracts with customers not acquired in a business combination. The amendments are effective for the Company beginning after December 15, 2023, and are applied prospectively to business combinations that occur after the effective date. The Company is currently assessing the adoption of ASU 2021-04 on the consolidated financial statements. In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. This standard was issued in response to the SEC’s disclosure update and simplification initiative, which affects a variety of topics within the Accounting Standards Codification. The amendments apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected topics unless otherwise indicated. The effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC’s removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. The Company is currently assessing the adoption of ASU 2023-06 on the consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, which is an update to Topic 740, Income Taxes. The amendments in this update related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The amendments allow investors to better assess, in their capital allocation decisions, how an entity’s worldwide operations and related tax risks and tax planning and operational opportunities affect its income tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. 5 The other amendments in this Update improve the effectiveness and comparability of disclosures by (1) adding disclosures of pretax income (or loss) and income tax expense (or benefit) to be consistent with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulation S-X 210.4-08(h), Rules of General Application—General Notes to Financial Statements: Income Tax Expense, and (2) removing disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial or relevant. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. For entities other than public business entities, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments in this Update should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. We are evaluating the effect this guidance will have on our tax disclosures. Except for the above-mentioned pronouncements, there are no new recent issued accounting standards that will have a material impact on the consolidated financial position, statements of operations and cash flows.
Government Subsidies |  | Government Subsidies Government subsidies primarily relate to multiple entitlement granted by the Singapore government pursuant to the Job Support Scheme under the Anti-epidemic Fund. The Company recognizes government subsidies as other income when they are received because they are not subject to any past or future conditions. Government subsidies received and recognized as other income totaled SGD 0 and SGD 0 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.

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