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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, including OutlawsXP, Inc. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

Preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Such estimates include: (i) the amount of allowance for credit losses; (ii) future cash flows used for testing recoverability of property and equipment; (iii) fair values used for testing Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") licenses and other intangibles for impairment; (iv) estimates used to determine the incremental borrowing rate to record operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets (v) the realization of deferred tax assets; and (vi) actuarial assumptions related to the Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan ("SERP"). Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

All short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist primarily of uncollected amounts due from advertisers for the sale of advertising airtime. The amounts are net of advertising agency commissions and an allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses reflects management’s estimate of expected losses in accounts receivable from local advertisers and national agencies. Management determines the allowance based on historical information, relative improvements or deteriorations in the age of the accounts receivable and changes in current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. Interest is not accrued on accounts receivable.

The changes in allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable are as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,
		2024				2025
Beginning balance		$	1,752,058			$	1,698,285
Provision for credit losses			899,669				2,709,123
Deductions			(953,442	)			(2,010,515	)
Ending balance		$	1,698,285			$	2,396,893

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at fair value in a business combination or otherwise at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. If an event or change in circumstances were to indicate that the carrying amount

of property and equipment is not recoverable, the carrying amount will be reduced to the estimated fair value. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred.

FCC Licenses

FCC licenses, including translator licenses, are generally granted for renewable terms of eight years. Renewal costs are generally minor and expensed as incurred. Licenses are tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the Company’s licenses might be impaired. The Company assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that its licenses are impaired. If the Company determines it is more likely than not that its licenses are impaired, then the Company is required to perform the quantitative impairment test. The quantitative impairment test compares the fair value of the Company’s licenses with their carrying amounts. If the carrying amounts of the licenses exceed their fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. For the purpose of testing its licenses for impairment, the Company combines its licenses into reporting units based on its market clusters. See Note 5 for changes in the carrying amount of FCC licenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025. The weighted-average period before the next renewal of the Company’s FCC licenses is 3.1 years.

Other Intangibles

Other Intangibles

Other intangibles include advertiser relationships with finite lives that are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives. If an event or change in circumstances were to indicate that the carrying amount of any other intangibles is not recoverable, the carrying amount will be reduced to the estimated fair value. Other intangibles also includes brands with indefinite lives that are tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the Company’s brands might be impaired. For the purpose of testing its other intangibles for impairment, the Company has identified its market clusters and digital as its reporting units. See Note 6 for changes in the carrying amount of other intangibles for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025.

Investments

Other assets include an investment in Quu, Inc. (“Quu”). The Company is considered to have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of Quu. Therefore, the investment in Quu is accounted for using the equity method. The Company will recognize its share of the earnings of Quu in the periods for which it is reported. Any loss in value of the investment that is other than a temporary decline will be recognized. Other assets also include a noncontrolling interest in AUDIOis, which does not have a readily determinable fair value, and therefore, is recorded at cost less impairment. The Company evaluates the investments on a quarterly basis to identify impairment. When the evaluation indicates that an impairment exists, the Company will estimate the fair value of the investment and recognize an impairment loss equal to the difference between the fair value and the carrying amount of the investment. The carrying amount of the investment in QUU was $1.9 million as of both December 31, 2024 and 2025.

Debt Issuance Costs and Debt Premiums or Discount

Debt Issuance Costs and Debt Premiums or Discount

Debt issuance costs and debt premiums or discounts are capitalized and amortized over the life of the related debt as interest expense on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest method. Unamortized debt issuance costs and debt premiums or discounts are reported as a direct deduction from or increase to the carrying amount of the related debt.

Leases

The Company determines whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception. The term for each lease agreement begins on the commencement date and includes the noncancelable period specified in the agreement together with: (1) the periods covered by options to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option, (2) the periods covered by an option to terminate if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise that option and (3) the period covered by an option to extend (or not terminate) if controlled by the lessor. The lease liabilities and the related right-of use assets are calculated based on the present value of the lease payments using (1) the rate implicit in the lease or (2) the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”). IBR is defined as the rate of interest that a lessee would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.

Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan

Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan

The costs and liabilities of the SERP are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that include the discount rate and mortality rates. The discount rate is based on matching the cash flows of the SERP to

the FTSE Pension Discount Curve. The mortality assumptions are based on the mortality tables and mortality improvement scales that are selected based on the most recent study of the Society of Actuaries. The SERP is frozen so future employment does not change the benefit amounts. Actual results will differ from results which are estimated based on assumptions.

Treasury Stock

Treasury stock is accounted for using the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. The cost is recognized in earnings over the period during which an employee is required to provide service. No compensation cost is recognized for equity instruments for which employees do not render the requisite services.

Income Taxes

The Company recorded income taxes under the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for all temporary differences between tax and financial reporting bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Tax benefits from an uncertain tax position are only recognized if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded as incurred as a component of income tax expense.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other gains and losses affecting equity that, under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, are excluded from net loss, including unrecognized net actuarial gains and losses related to the SERP.

Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Common shares outstanding include shares of both Class A and Class B Common Stock, which have equal rights and privileges except with respect to voting. Diluted net loss per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if restricted stock units or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock and were not anti-dilutive. When reporting a net loss, the effect of restrictive stock units is excluded under the treasury stock method as the addition of shares would be anti-dilutive.

Concentrations of Risk

Concentrations of Risk

Certain cash deposits with financial institutions may, at times, exceed FDIC insurance limits.

The stations located in Boston, MA, Detroit, MI, and Philadelphia, PA collectively contributed 58% of the Company’s net revenue in 2025. The stations located in Boston, MA, Detroit, MI, and Philadelphia, PA collectively contributed 58% of the Company’s net revenue in 2024.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Inputs refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk. Inputs may be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1 – Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, as of the reporting date.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability that reflect management’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability as of the reporting date.

Sports Programming Cost Amortization

Sports Programming Costs

Sports programming rights for a specified season are amortized on a straight-line basis over the season. Other payments are expensed when the additional contract elements, such as post-season games, are broadcast.

Segments

The Company currently operates two operating and reportable segments (Audio and Digital). The identification of segments is consistent with how the segments report to and are managed by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker). Operating results are reported to the Chief Operating Decision Maker on a statement of operations, which includes net revenue, operating expenses, impairment losses, gains and losses on dispositions and depreciation and amortization. Corporate expenses include general and administrative expenses and certain other income and expense items not allocated to the operating segments.

Going Concern

In accordance with ASC Topic 205-40, the Company’s management evaluates whether there are certain conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for at least one year from the date of issuance of the financial statements included in this annual report. This evaluation includes considerations related to the Company’s forecasted liquidity and cash consumption requirements.

TThe Company has a history of net losses and negative operating cash flows and expects to continue to incur additional losses in the near future. Additionally, the Company has defaulted on its Existing Second Lien Notes (as defined in Note 22 below), see Note 22 for additional information. Although the Company continues to pursue a strategy to realize improved operations, including anticipated improvements from the Refinancing Transactions (as defined in Note 22 below) and related cost reductions, the timing of these realizations cannot be guaranteed to ensure liquidity is available when needed to meet the Company’s obligations. As a result of these considerations, the Company’s liquidity may be insufficient to meet its obligations for at least one year from the date of issuance of the financial statements included in this annual report, and management has concluded there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Management believes that the successful completion of the Refinancing Transactions contemplated by the Transaction Support Agreement (as defined in Note 22 below), including the Exchange Offer and Tender Offer (each as defined in Note 22 below), would significantly improve the Company’s liquidity position and capital structure. As of the date of this filing, approximately 97% of the aggregate principal amount of the Existing Second Lien Notes have validly tendered in the Exchange Offer and provided consents to the proposed amendments to the Existing Second Lien Notes Indenture (as defined in Note 22 below). Upon closing, the Company would incur transaction-related cash payments, receive funding associated with the ABL Credit Facility, and replace the existing second lien cash interest obligations with the new financing structure. As a result, the liquidity benefit associated with the new ABL Credit Facility would be realized upon closing, and the reduction in required cash interest payments would begin upon closing and continue through the forecast period. However, there can be no assurances of the Company’s ability to realize these plans or successfully complete the Refinancing Transactions.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued several updates to the codification. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently in the process of reviewing the new guidance.

In December 2025, the FASB issued amendments intended to improve the guidance in Topic 270, Interim Reporting, by improving the navigability of the required interim disclosures and clarifying when that guidance is applicable. The amendments also provide additional guidance on what disclosures should be provided in interim reporting periods. The amendments are effective for the annual reporting periods after December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those fiscal year reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently in the process of reviewing the new guidance.

In July 2025, the FASB issued guidance that provides the option to elect a practical expedient to assume that the current conditions as of the balance sheet date will remain unchanged for the remaining life of the asset when developing a reasonable and supportable forecast as part of estimating expected credit losses on these assets. These amendments are effective for annual reporting

periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company does not expect the new guidance to have a significant impact on the financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued guidance that requires entities to disclose, in the notes to financial statements, specified information about certain costs and expenses including the amounts of (a) purchases of inventory; (b) employee compensation; (c) depreciation; (d) intangible asset amortization; and (e) depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil- and gas producing activities (or other amounts of depletion expense) included in each relevant expense caption, as well as a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively. Additionally, entities will need to disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of reviewing the new guidance.

In December 2023, the FASB issued guidance which requires additional disclosures primarily related to the Company's income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the new guidance prospectively for the annual reporting period ending December 31, 2025 and the new guidance did not have a significant impact on the financial statements.