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Convertible Note Payable

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

NOTE 6 – CONVERTIBLE NOTE PAYABLE

June 2024 Convertible Note

On June 5, 2024, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with Mast Hill Fund L.P. (“Mast Hill”) for the issuance of 13.0% senior secured promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $2,845,000 (collectively, the “June 2024 Convertible Note”) convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock, as well as the issuance of 26,800 shares of common stock as a commitment fee and warrants for the purchase of 146,667 shares of common stock of the Company. The Company and its subsidiaries have also entered into a security agreement, creating a security interest in certain property of the Company and its subsidiaries to secure the prompt payment, performance and discharge in full of all of the Company’s obligations under the June 2024 Convertible Note. Principal amount and interest under the June 2024 Convertible Note are convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $11.25 per share unless the Company fails to make an amortization payment when due, in which case the conversion price shall be the lesser of $11.25 or the market price (as defined in the June 2024 Convertible Note).

Mast Hill acquired the June 2024 Convertible Note with principal amount of $2,845,000 and paid the purchase price of $2,702,750 after an original issue discount of $142,250. On June 5, 2024, the Company issued (i) a warrant to purchase 66,667 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $9.75 exercisable until June 5, 2029 (“First Warrant”), (ii) a warrant to purchase 80,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $7.50 exercisable until June 5, 2029 (“Second Warrant”), and (iii) 26,800 shares of common stock as a commitment fee for the purchase of the June 2024 Convertible Note, which were earned in full as of June 5, 2024. As of March 31, 2025, the Second Warrant was not fair valued since the Company believed the Second Warrant would be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the June 2024 Convertible Note on June 5, 2025. On June 5, 2024, the Company delivered such duly executed June 2024 Convertible Note, warrants and common stock to Mast Hill against delivery of the purchase price.

The Company received net cash amount of $881,210 from the June 2024 Convertible Note financing after using the proceeds to pay off all previously issued convertible notes of $1,661,540, and to pay finder’s fee of $120,000 and lender’s costs of $40,000 related to this financing.

The Company is obligated to make amortization payments in cash to Mast Hill toward the repayment of the June 2024 Convertible Note, as provided in the following table:

Payment Date		Payment Amount
December 5, 2024		$284,500 plus accrued interest through December 5, 2024
January 5, 2025		$284,500 plus accrued interest through January 5, 2025
February 5, 2025		$379,336 plus accrued interest through February 5, 2025
March 5, 2025		$474,167 plus accrued interest through March 5, 2025
April 5, 2025		$474,167 plus accrued interest through April 5, 2025
May 5, 2025		$569,000 plus accrued interest through May 5, 2025
June 5, 2025		The entire remaining outstanding balance of the June 2024 Convertible Note

In connection with the issuance of the June 2024 Convertible Note, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $224,221 (including the issuance of 5,333 warrants as a finder’s fee) which was capitalized and had been amortized into interest expense over the term of the June 2024 Convertible Note.

Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC 815, the Company determined that all the warrants issued to Mast Hill and a third party as a finder’s fee meet the definition of a derivative liability, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. On March 31, 2025 and June 5, 2024, management determined the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 80,000 warrants with an exercise price of $7.50 exercisable until June 5, 2029, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the June 2024 Convertible Note, had been estimated to be zero. Accordingly, the fair value of the 72,000 warrants with an exercise price of $9.75 exercisable until June 5, 2029 was classified as derivative liability on June 5, 2024. The fair values of the 72,000 warrants with an exercise price of $9.75 exercisable until June 5, 2029 issued on June 5, 2024 were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $10.39, volatility of 85.72%, risk-free rate of 4.31%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.

In accordance with ASC 470-20-25-2, proceeds from the sale of a debt instrument with stock purchase warrants are allocated to the two elements based on the relative fair values of the debt instrument without the warrants and of the warrants themselves at time of issuance. The portion of the proceeds allocated to the warrants are accounted for as derivative liability. The remainder of the proceeds are allocated to the debt instrument portion of the transaction.

In accordance with ASC 480-10-25-14, the Company determined that the conversion provisions contain an embedded derivative feature and the Company valued the derivative feature separately, recording debt discount and derivative liability in accordance with the provisions of the convertible debt (see Note 7). However, on June 5, 2024 and December 14, 2024, management determined the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the embedded conversion feature had been estimated to be zero. On December 15, 2024, Mast Hill waived all amortization payments required to be made under the June 2024 Convertible Note. On June 5, 2025, the Second Warrant was not cancelled and was retained by Mast Hill. Accordingly, the initial fair value of the Second Warrant of $621,353 was classified as derivative liability on June 5, 2025 and recorded as interest expense – amortization of debt discount.

The Company recorded a total debt discount of $1,460,343 related to the original issue discount, common shares issued and warrants issued to Mast Hill, which had been amortized over the term of the June 2024 Convertible Note.

On December 15, 2024, the Company and Mast Hill entered into that certain consent, acknowledgement, and waiver agreement, pursuant to which Mast Hill waived all amortization payments required to be made under the June 2024 Convertible Note, the Company paid a waiver fee of $150,000 to Mast Hill, and the Company issued to Mast Hill a common stock purchase warrant for the purchase of up to 150,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (“Pre-Funded Warrants”). The Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable at issuance and until the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full and have an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The Pre-Funded Warrants were classified as a component of permanent equity on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as they are freestanding financial instruments that are immediately exercisable, do not embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its own shares and permit the holder to receive a fixed number of shares of common stock upon exercise. All of the shares underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants have been included in the weighted-average number of shares of common stock used to calculate net loss per share, basic and diluted, attributable to the Company’s common stockholders because the shares may be issued for little or no consideration, are fully vested and are exercisable after the original issuance date of the Pre-Funded Warrants. Based on the Company’s assess, this arrangement was accounted for as a modification of debt and, as such, $838,794 related to the waiver fee and Pre-Fund Warrants issued to Mast Hill were expensed.

On May 29, 2025, the Company and Mast Hill entered into that certain waiver (the “Waiver”), pursuant to which Mast Hill will retain all related dilutive issuance rights under Section 1.6(e) of the June 2024 Convertible Note, provided that any adjustment under Section 1.6(e) of the June 2024 Convertible Note shall be subject to a per share floor price equal to $1.00. The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $9,076,587 as a result of the Waiver, representing the value of common stock to be issued upon conversion in excess of the common stock issuable under the original terms of the June 2024 Convertible Note.

In June 2025, Mast Hill converted its June 2024 Convertible Note in the principal amount of $120,402 into 120,402 shares of common stock of the Company at a per share price of $1.00.

The convertible note payable as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was as follows:

	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Principal amount	$	2,436,375	$	2,556,777
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs		-		(93,425	)
Less: unamortized debt discount		-		(349,579	)
Convertible note payable, net	$	2,436,375	$	2,113,773

Subsequent to June 30, 2025, Mast Hill converted its June 2024 Convertible Note in the principal amount of $1,015,052 into 1,015,052 shares of common stock of the Company at a per share price of $1.00 (See Note 16 – Subsequent Events - Common Shares Issued for Debt Conversion).

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs related to convertible note payable amounted to $780,602 (including the initial fair value of the Second Warrant of $621,353) and $534,619, respectively, which have been included in interest expense — amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs related to convertible note payable amounted to $1,064,357 (including the initial fair value of the Second Warrant of $621,353) and $777,008, respectively, which have been included in interest expense — amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, interest expense related to convertible note payable amounted to $82,755 and $68,339, respectively, which have been included in interest expense — other on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, interest expense related to convertible note payable amounted to $164,711 and $140,054, respectively, which have been included in interest expense — other on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.