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10. Derivative Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

The Company was required to recognize all derivative instruments on the balance sheet as either assets or liabilities measured at fair value. The Company did not designated its derivative instruments as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes and, as such, marked its derivative instruments to fair value and recognized the realized and unrealized changes in fair value in its statements of operations under the captions “Loss on settled derivatives” and “Loss on the mark-to-market of derivatives” as a component of loss from discontinued operations.

The Company had utilized swap and collar derivative contracts. While the use of these derivative instruments limited the downside risk of adverse price movements, their use also limited the upside revenue potential of upward price movements.

For a fixed price swap contract, the counterparty is required to make a payment to the Company if the settlement price for any settlement period is less than the swap price and the Company is required to make a payment to the counterparty if the settlement price for any period is greater than the swap price. For a collar contract, the counterparty is required to make a payment to the Company if the settlement price for any settlement period is below the floor price, the Company is required to make a payment to the counterparty if the settlement price for any settlement period is above the ceiling price and no payment is required by either party if the settlement price for any settlement period is between the floor price and the ceiling price.

The Company’s derivative contracts were settled based on reported settlement prices on commodity exchanges, with crude oil derivative settlements based on NYMEX West Texas Intermediate (“WTI”) pricing.

Derivative Gains and Losses

The following table presents realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivative instruments for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2016
Realized gain (loss) on derivatives:
Crude oil fixed price swaps	$	–
Crude oil collars		–
Realized loss on derivatives, net	$	–

Gain (loss) on the mark-to-market of derivatives:
Crude oil fixed price swaps	$	(19,898	)
Crude oil collars		4,011
Gain (loss) on the mark-to-market of derivatives, net	$	(15,887	)