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SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

9.     SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Authorized

Unlimited common shares, without par value.

Unlimited preferred shares, without par value.

Omnibus incentive plan

On February 25, 2021, the Company adopted an omnibus incentive plan (“Omnibus Plan”) consistent with the policies and rules of Nasdaq. Pursuant to the Omnibus Plan, the Company may issue stock options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units and other share-based awards. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has not issued any instruments other than stock options under the Omnibus Plan.

​

Prior to the adoption of the Omnibus Plan, the Company issued equity compensation pursuant to the Company’s amended and restated stock option plan (the “Legacy Option Plan”), Amended and Restated Restricted Share Unit Plan (the “RSU Plan”) and Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Since the adoption of the Omnibus Plan, no further grants have been made under the Legacy Option Plan or RSU Plan, though existing grants under the Legacy Option Plan will continue in effect in accordance with their terms.

​

As of September 30, 2023, the Omnibus Plan has a maximum of 8,410,907 Common Shares which may be reserved for issuance.

Employee Share Purchase Plan

The Company has adopted an Employee Share Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) under which qualifying employees may be granted purchase rights (“Purchase Rights”) to the Company’s Common Shares at not less of 85% of the market price at the lesser of the date the Purchase Right is granted or exercisable. The Company currently holds offerings consisting of six-month periods commencing on January 1 and July 1 and ending on June 30 and December 31 of each calendar year. As at September 30, 2023, the ESPP has a maximum of 208,836 (2022 –236,598) Common Shares reserved for issuance.

Eligible employees are able to contribute up to 15% of their gross base earnings for purchases under the ESPP through regular payroll deductions. Purchase of shares under the ESPP are limited for each employee at $25,000 worth of the Company’s Common Shares (determined using the lesser of (i) the market price of a common share on the first day of an applicable purchase period and (ii) the market price of a common share on the purchase date) for each calendar year in which a purchase right is outstanding.

During the year ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued a total of 27,762 (2022 –15,820) Common Shares upon the exercise of Purchase Rights. The Company recognizes compensation expense for purchase rights on a straight-line basis over the service period.

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	For the year ended
​	​	September 30,
​		2023			​	2022
​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Research and development expense	​	$	4,517		$	16,381
General and administrative	​		7,031		​	13,562
​	​	$	11,548	​	$	29,943

​

The Company measures the purchase rights based on their estimated grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the estimated number of shares that can be purchased. The following weighted average assumptions were used for the valuation of purchase rights:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	2023		2022
​	​	​	​	​	​
Risk-free interest rate		4.90	%	0.94	%
Expected life of share purchase rights		6 months		6 months
Expected annualized volatility		72.45	%	89.42	%
Dividend		—		—

​

Stock options

Pursuant to the Legacy Option Plan and Omnibus Plan, options were previously or may be granted, respectively, with expiry terms of up to 10 years, and vesting criteria and periods are approved by the Board at its discretion. The options issued under the Legacy Option Plan and Omnibus Plan are accounted for as equity-settled share-based payments.

Stock option transactions are summarized as follows:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​
​		​		Weighted
​	​	Number	​	Average
​	​	of Options	​	Exercise Price*
​	​	​	​		​
Balance, September 30, 2021		6,803,230	​	$	5.20
Options granted		1,347,500	​		4.55
Options exercised	​	(72,910)	​	​	(4.41)
Options expired/forfeited		(175,759)	​		(3.60)
​	​	​	​	​	​
Balance, September 30, 2022		7,902,061	​	$	5.13
Options granted		300,000	​		2.97
Options expired/forfeited		(89,287)	​		(12.27)
​	​	​	​	​	​
Balance outstanding, September 30, 2023		8,112,774	​	$	4.97
Balance exercisable, September 30, 2023		6,444,885	​	$	4.79

* Options exercisable in Canadian dollars as at September 30, 2023 are translated at current rates to reflect the current weighted average exercise price in U.S. dollars for all outstanding options.

At September 30, 2023, options were outstanding enabling holders to acquire Common Shares as follows:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​		Weighted average remaining	​
​	Exercise price	​	Number of options	​	contractual life (years)	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​
$	2.39	​	50,000	​	8.96	​
$	2.70	​	20,000	​	9.59	​
$	2.71	​	20,000	​	9.57	​
$	2.91	​	175,000		9.33	​
$	2.97	​	15,000		9.65	​
$	3.05	​	50,000		9.69	​
$	3.23	​	3,629,400		6.02	*
$	3.59	​	26,667		6.05	​
$	3.60	​	910,000		8.75	​
$	3.75	​	20,000		9.18	​
$	3.81	​	185,816		5.36	​
$	4.00	​	539,518		4.22	​
$	4.67	​	168,227		6.09	​
$	5.99	​	190,000		8.56	​
$	7.00	​	1,458,646		7.20	*
$	8.47	​	120,000		8.04	​
$	9.76	​	50,000		8.39	​
$	13.96	​	190,000		7.29	​
$	29.63	​	100,000		7.58	​
$	31.62	​	50,000		7.67	​
C$	4.90	​	124,500		3.63	*
C$	5.06	​	20,000		5.36	*
​	​	​	8,112,774		6.68	​

​

* 3,500 options expired unexercised and 41,250 options exercised subsequent to September 30, 2023

​

Share-based compensation

During the year ended September 30, 2023, the Company granted a total of 300,000 (2022 – 1,347,500) stock options with a weighted average fair value of $2.82 per option (2022 – $3.20).

The Company recognized share-based payments expense for options granted and vesting, net of recoveries on cancellations of unvested options, during the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 with allocations to its functional expense as follows:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	For the year ended
​	​	September 30,
​	​	2023			​	2022
​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Research and development expense	​	$	2,622,987		$	4,306,463
General and administrative	​		2,372,934		​	3,551,679
​	​	$	4,995,921		$	7,858,142

​

The following weighted average assumptions were used for the Black-Scholes option-pricing model valuation of stock options granted:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	2023		2022	​
​	​	​	​	​	​
Risk-free interest rate		3.78	%	2.73	%
Expected life of options		10.00	years	10.00	years
Expected annualized volatility		186.50	%	79.11	%
Dividend		—		—	​

​

Warrants

Warrant transactions are summarized as follows:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​
​		​		Weighted
​	​	Number	​	Average
​	​	of Warrants	​	Exercise Price
​	​	​	​		​
Balance, September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2022		3,234,750	​	$	4.84
Warrants expired		(307,273)	​		(49.86)
​	​	​	​	​	​
Balance outstanding and exercisable, September 30, 2023		2,927,477	​	$	0.11

​

At September 30, 2023, warrants were outstanding enabling holders to acquire Common Shares as follows:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Number		​	​	​		​
of Warrants	​	​	Exercise Price		​	Expiry Date
​	​	​	​	​	​	​
7,477	*	​	$	42.80		November 18, 2023
2,920,000	​	​	$	0.0001		August 23, 2024
2,927,477		​	​

​

* 7,477 warrants expired unexercised subsequent to September 30, 2023

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- Definition

The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.

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