Income Taxes

Consolidated income before taxes for domestic and foreign operations consisted of the following:



	Year ended December 31,
	2013			2012
Domestic	$	8,714		$	42,990
Foreign	(945		)	(435		)
Total	$	7,769		$	42,555

The Company's (provision) for income taxes consisted of the following:



	Year ended December 31,
	2013			2012
Current:
Federal	$	(1,993	)	$	(16,910	)
State	(765		)	(381		)
Foreign	144			(74		)
Total current	(2,614		)	(17,365		)
Deferred:
Federal	202			455
State	(234		)	46
Foreign	165			160
	133			661
Change in valuation allowance	(109		)	796
Total deferred	24			1,457
(Provision) for income taxes	$	(2,590	)	$	(15,908	)

The income tax (provision) differs from that computed at the federal statutory corporate income tax rate as follows:



	Year ended December 31,
	2013			2012
Tax (provision) at Federal statutory rate	$	(2,642	)	$	(14,894	)
State income tax (provision), net of federal benefit	(293		)	(1,476		)
Research and development tax credits	616			357
Foreign earnings or losses taxed at different rates	(170		)	(136		)
Other	8			(555		)
Change in valuation allowance	(109		)	796
Tax (provision)	$	(2,590	)	$	(15,908	)

The tax effects of significant temporary differences representing net deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following:



	As of December 31, 2013						As of December 31, 2012
	Current			Long-term			Current			Long-term
Deferred revenue	$	971		$	—		$	856		$	—
Basis difference in intangible assets	—			82			—			159
Inventory reserve	1,955			—			1,871			—
Net operating loss carryforwards	—			682			—			667
Research and development tax credits	—			31			—			248
Accrued expenses	159			—			140			—
Stock-based compensation	—			679			—			684
Allowance for sales returns and doubtful accounts	47			—			20			—
Difference in property and equipment basis	—			(388		)	—			(475		)
Other	458			51			462			(19		)
Total net deferred income tax asset	3,590			1,137			3,349			1,264
Less: Valuation allowance	(265		)	(113		)	(201		)	(69		)
Net deferred income tax asset (liability)	$	3,325		$	1,024		$	3,148		$	1,195

The Company has not provided for U.S. deferred income taxes or foreign withholding taxes on undistributed earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries since these earnings are intended to be reinvested indefinitely, in accordance with guidelines contained in ASC Topic 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. It is not practical to estimate the amount of additional taxes that might be payable on such undistributed earnings.

In accordance with ASC Topic 740, the Company analyzed its valuation allowance at December 31, 2013 and determined that, based upon available evidence, it is more likely than not that certain of its deferred tax assets may not be realized and, as such, has established a valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets. These deferred tax assets include capital loss carryovers, state research and development credits, and Hong Kong net operating loss carryforwards.

The statute allowing a federal research and development credit (the “R&D Credit”) expired for years beginning after December 31, 2011. Congress renewed the R&D Credit for the years 2012 and 2013 with the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (the “Act”). Accounting guidance requires that the effects of a change in tax law be recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. For U.S. federal tax purposes, the enactment date of the Act is the date the President signs the bill into law. The President did not sign the Act into law until January 2, 2013. Therefore, the benefit for the 2012 R&D credit was recognized in the first quarter of 2013 as a discrete tax benefit. The total amount of 2012 federal R&D credit benefit recognized in 2013 was $277.

As of December 31, 2013, the Company had state research credit carryforwards of $34, which will begin to expire in 2027 if not utilized. The Company has federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $1,118 (pre-tax) and Hong Kong NOL carryforwards of approximately $1,827 (pre-tax). The federal NOL carryforwards will begin to expire in 2025. The Hong Kong NOL carryforwards do not expire.

Effective July 1, 2007, the Company adopted the accounting standards related to uncertain tax positions. This standard requires that tax positions be assessed using a two-step process. A tax position is recognized if it meets a "more likely than not" threshold, and is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized. Uncertain tax positions must be reviewed at each balance sheet date. Liabilities recorded as a result of this analysis must generally be recorded separately from any current or deferred income tax accounts.

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2013 and 2012, that would favorably impact our effective tax rate if recognized was $623 and $802, respectively. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, we accrued $51 and $56, respectively, in interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits. We account for interest expense and penalties for unrecognized tax benefits as part of our income tax provision.

Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, we can make no assurance that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from that which we have reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. Such difference could have a material impact on our income tax provision and operating results in the period in which we make such determination.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions is as follows:



	Year ended December 31,
	2013			2012
Balance - beginning of year	$	2,384		$	523
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	84			795
Additions for tax positions of prior years	45			1,082
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(518		)	—
Settlements	—			—
Lapse in statutes of limitations	(94		)	(16		)
Uncertain tax positions, ending balance	$	1,901		$	2,384

The Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns for 2010 through 2013 are subject to examination. The Company also files in various state and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal, state, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2010. The Company completed its audit by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) for its 2006 tax return in 2010. As a result of the audit by the IRS, there were no material adjustments made to the Company’s tax return.

The Inland Revenue Department of Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region (the “IRD”), commenced an examination of the Company's Hong Kong profits tax returns for 2009 through 2011 in the fourth quarter of 2012 that is anticipated to be completed by the end of 2014. The Company does not anticipate the examination will result in a material change to its financial position. During the next twelve months, it is reasonably possible that the amount of the Company's unrecognized income tax benefits could change significantly. These changes could be the result of our ongoing tax audits or the settlement of outstanding audit issues. However, due to the issues being examined, at the current time, an estimate of the range of reasonably possible outcomes cannot be made, beyond amounts currently accrued.