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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2015
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Description of Business | Description of Business. Insignia Systems, Inc. (the “Company”) markets in-store advertising products, programs and services to retailers and consumer packaged goods manufacturers. The Company operates in a single reportable segment. The Company’s products include the Insignia Point-of-Purchase Services (POPS®) in-store marketing program, thermal sign card supplies for the Company’s Impulse Retail System, and laser printable cardstock and label supplies. Additionally, in October 2014, the Company announced the introduction of a new product, The Like MachineTM, which is an in-store consumer approval device. The Company licenses this product from TLM Holdings, LLC (“TLMH”), a company in which Insignia’s Chief Sales and Marketing Officer, Tim Halfmann, is the majority owner and serves as a principal. In March 20l6, the Company and TLMH signed a new distribution agreement for the sale of The Like Machine to Insignia’s customers. This new agreement replaces the Company’s prior license agreement with TLMH. Mr. Halfmann has resigned from Insignia, effective April 30, 2016 in order to focus his efforts more fully on The Like Machine product and its evolution going forward.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition. Revenues are recognized by the Company when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, shipment has occurred, the price is fixed, and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company recognizes revenue from Insignia POPSigns and The Like Machine ratably over the period of service. The Company recognizes revenue related to equipment and sign card sales at the time the products are shipped to customers. Revenue associated with maintenance agreements is recognized ratably over the life of the contract. Revenue that has been billed and not yet earned is reflected as deferred revenue on the balance sheet. We account for taxes collected for customers on a net basis. In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance creating Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Section 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. The new section will replace Section 605, “Revenue Recognition” and creates modifications to various other revenue accounting standards for specialized transactions and industries. The section is intended to conform revenue accounting principles with a concurrently issued International Financial Reporting Standards with previously differing treatment between United States practice and those of much of the rest of the world, as well as, to enhance disclosures related to disaggregated revenue information. The updated guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within that reporting period. Early application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company is studying the implications of this guidance in order to evaluate the expected impact on its financial statements.
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity date of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. At December 31, 2015, $7,815,000 was invested in an insured cash sweep account. At December 31, 2014, $6,329,000 was invested in an overnight repurchase account and $500,000 was invested in certificates of deposit. The balances in cash accounts, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents. Amounts held in checking accounts during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, were fully insured under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). Amounts held in insured cash sweep accounts during the year ended December 31, 2015 were fully insured under the FDIC. Amounts held in repurchase accounts during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, were secured by Federal Home Loan securities and were fully insured by the FDIC. Bank certificates of deposit at December 31, 2014, were held at various institutions with amounts at each institution at or below the $250,000 insured limit of the FDIC.
Fair Value of Financial Measurements | Fair Value of Financial Measurements. Fair value of financial instruments and selected non-financial assets and liabilities is measured in accordance with ASC 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements.” Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. ASC 820-10 also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability, developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect management’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based upon the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is divided into three levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and inputs (other than quoted prices) that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Certain of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities are recorded at their carrying amounts that approximate fair value, based on their short-term nature. These financial assets and liabilities include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The Company measures its available-for-sale investments at fair value on a recurring basis and the fair value hierarchy used to determine these fair values is as follows as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using |
|  | Total Carrying Value at December 31 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markests (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Assets as of December 31, 2015: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale securities |  | 9,490,000 |  | — |  | 9,490,000 |  | — |
Assets as of December 31, 2014: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale securities |  | 9,698,000 |  | — |  | 9,698,000 |  | — |
Available-for-sale securities in the preceding table are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of shareholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax. Fair value for available-for-sale securities is based on quoted prices for similar assets in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets in which there were fewer transactions. Amortization of premiums or discounts arising at acquisition, and gains or losses on the disposition of available-for-sale securities are reported as other income. Realized gains and losses, if any, are calculated on the specific identification method and are included in other income in the statements of comprehensive income.
Accounts Receivable | Accounts Receivable. The majority of the Company’s accounts receivable is due from companies in the consumer packaged goods industry. Credit is extended based on evaluation of a customer’s financial condition and, generally, collateral is not required. Accounts receivable are due within 30-90 days and are stated at amounts due from customers, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts receivable outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. The Company determines its allowance by considering a number of factors, including the length of time trade accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, the customer’s current ability to pay its obligation to the Company, and the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. The Company writes-off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible, and payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance for doubtful accounts. Changes in the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts are as follows:
December 31 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 89,000 |  | $ | 17,000 |
Bad debt provision |  | (5,000 | ) | 72,000 |
Accounts written-off |  | (5,000 | ) | — |
Ending balance |  | $ | 79,000 |  | $ | 89,000 |
Inventories | Inventories. Inventories are primarily comprised of parts and supplies for the Impulse machine, sign cards, and roll stock. Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, and consists of the following:
December 31 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 69,000 |  | $ | 110,000 |
Work-in-process |  | 4,000 |  | 8,000 |
Finished goods |  | 318,000 |  | 405,000 |
|  | $ | 391,000 |  | $ | 523,000 |
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment. Property and equipment is recorded at cost. Significant additions or improvements extending asset lives are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance are charged to expense when incurred. Depreciation is provided in amounts sufficient to relate the cost of assets to operations over their estimated useful lives. The straight-line method of depreciation is used for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods are used for tax purposes. Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:
Production tooling, machinery and equipment |  | 1 - 6 years |
Office furniture and fixtures |  | 3 years |
Computer equipment and software |  | 3 years |
Web development |  | 3 years |
Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the remaining term of the lease or estimated life of the asset.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The Company records impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets’ carrying amount. Impaired assets are then recorded at their estimated fair value. There were no impairment losses during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.
Income Taxes | Income Taxes. Income taxes are accounted for under the liability method. Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred taxes are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of the enactment. It is the Company’s policy to provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties based upon management’s assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation. The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based payments at fair value. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the weighted average fair value of options and employee stock purchase plan rights. The determination of fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by our stock price as well as by assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, the expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Restricted stock units are valued at the closing market price of the Company’s stock date of the grant. The expected lives of the options and employee stock purchase plan rights are based on evaluations of historical and expected future employee exercise behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected term at grant date. Volatility is based on historical and expected future volatility of the Company’s stock. The Company has not historically issued any dividends beyond a one-time dividend in 2011 and does not expect to in the future. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of the grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from estimates.
Advertising Costs | Advertising Costs. Advertising costs are charged to operations as incurred. Advertising expenses were approximately $42,000 and $183,000 during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Net Income per Share | Net Income Per Share. Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average shares outstanding and excludes any dilutive effects of stock options and restricted stock units. Diluted net income per share gives effect to all diluted potential common shares outstanding during the year. Weighted average common shares outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
Year ended December 31 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |
Denominator for basic net income per share - weighted average shares |  | 12,044,000 |  | 12,635,000 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and restricted stock units |  | 172,000 |  | 238,000 |
Denominator for diluted net income per share - weighted average shares |  | 12,216,000 |  | 12,873,000 |
Options to purchase approximately 613,000 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $3.79 were outstanding at December 31, 2015 and were not included in the computation of common stock equivalents because their exercise prices were higher than the average fair market value of the common shares during the year. Options to purchase approximately 592,000 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $4.24 were outstanding at December 31, 2014 and were not included in the computation of common stock equivalents because their exercise prices were higher than the average fair market value of the common shares during the year.
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

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- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for stock option and stock incentive plans. This disclosure may include (1) the types of stock option or incentive plans sponsored by the entity (2) the groups that participate in (or are covered by) each plan (3) significant plan provisions and (4) how stock compensation is measured, and the methodologies and significant assumptions used to determine that measurement. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5047-113901 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51655414&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (b),(f) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5070-113901 + Details
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- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for trade and other accounts receivables. This disclosure may include the basis at which such receivables are carried in the entity's statements of financial position (for example, net realizable value), how the entity determines the level of its allowance for doubtful accounts, when impairments, charge-offs or recoveries are recognized, and the entity's income recognition policies for such receivables, including its treatment of related fees and costs, its treatment of premiums, discounts or unearned income, when accrual of interest is discontinued, how the entity records payments received on nonaccrual receivables and its policy for resuming accrual of interest on such receivables. If the enterprise holds a large number of similar loans, disclosure may include the accounting policy for the anticipation of prepayments and significant assumptions underlying prepayment estimates for amortization of premiums, discounts, and nonrefundable fees and costs. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51655414&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6378556&loc=d3e10133-111534 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49124121&loc=d3e5212-111524 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49124121&loc=d3e5093-111524 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-X (SX) -Number 210 -Section 02 -Paragraph 3, 4 -Article 5 + Details
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- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for the use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51801978&loc=d3e6061-108592 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51801978&loc=d3e6143-108592 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 8 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51801978&loc=d3e6132-108592 + Details
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