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Intangible assets, net (Details) - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]    
Patents $ 115,051 $ 116,768
Less: accumulated amortization (109,423) (100,371)
Intangible assets, net $ 5,628 $ 16,397