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11. Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2013
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
11. Income Taxes

For each of the years 2013 and 2012, current tax (benefit) provisions and current deferred tax (benefit) provision were recorded as follows:

 

   2013   2012 
Current Tax (Provision) Benefit          
Federal  $–   $– 
State   (27,000)   8,000 
Foreign   (2,000)   27,000 
    (29,000)   35,000 
Deferred Tax (Provision) Benefit          
Federal   –    – 
State   (3,000)   77,000 
Foreign   (14,000)   (29,000)
    (17,000)   48,000 
Total Tax (Provision) Benefit          
Federal   –    – 
State   (30,000)   85,000 
Foreign   (16,000)   (2,000)
   $(46,000)  $83,000 

  

The net deferred tax assets and liabilities have been reported in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2013 and 2012 as follows:

 

   2013   2012 
   Current   Noncurrent   Current   Noncurrent 
                     
Deferred Tax Assets:                    
NOL carryforwards  $–   $19,406,000   $–   $19,743,000 
UK NOL carryforwards   –    772,000    –    756,000 
Capital loss   –    409,000    –    450,000 
Compensation and vacation accrual   150,000    –    154,000    – 
Operating accruals   37,000    302,000    60,000    380,000 
Deferred revenue   224,000    –    –    – 
Research and experimentation, AMT and foreign tax credits   –    156,000    –    156,000 
State Margin Tax Credit   –    137,000    –    140,000 
Fixed assets and intangibles   –    630,000    –    844,000 
Foreign   3,000    –    3,000    – 
Other   130,000    157,000    162,000    138,000 
Total gross deferred tax assets   544,000    21,969,000    379,000    22,607,000 
Valuation allowance   (515,000)   (21,042,000)   (360,000)   (21,715,000)
Net deferred tax assets   29,000    927,000    19,000    892,000 
                     
Deferred Tax Liabilities:                    
Capitalized software   –    843,000    –    730,000 
Foreign   –    57,000    –    55,000 
Deferred revenue   –    –    23,000    – 
Other   40,000    –    74,000    – 
Total gross deferred liabilities   40,000    900,000    97,000    785,000 
Net deferred taxes  $(11,000)  $27,000   $(78,000)  $107,000 

 

The reconciliation of computed expected income taxes to effective income taxes by applying the federal statutory rate of 34% is as follows:

 

   For the year ended
December 31,		 
   2013   2012 
Tax at federal income tax rate  $342,000   $367,000 
State (provision) benefit   (30,000)   85,000 
Foreign tax differential   2,000    (1,000)
Change in valuation allowance   (303,000)   (139,000)
Permanent items   (61,000)   (256,000)
Other   4,000    27,000 
Total (Provision) Benefit  $(46,000)  $83,000 

 

The net change in the total valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2013 was an increase of $303,000. The net change in the total valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2012 was a decrease of $139,000. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on the level of historical operating results and projections for the taxable income for the future, management has determined that it is more likely than not that the portion of deferred taxes not utilized through the reversal of deferred tax liabilities will not be realized. Accordingly, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. 

 

At December 31, 2013, the Company has available net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $55,581,000 for federal income tax purposes, which will begin to expire in 2017.  The NOL carryforwards for state purposes, which will continue expiring in 2014, are approximately $21,401,000.  There can be no assurance that the Company will ever be able to realize the benefit of some or all of the federal and state loss carryforwards due to continued operating losses.  Further, Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code imposes limits on the ability to use NOL carryforwards that existed prior to a change in control to offset future taxable income. The Company completed a Section 382 analysis for the period from January 1, 1992 through December 31, 2013 and determined that the Company does not expect to be limited in regards to utilizing the total NOL carryforwards that existed as of December 31, 2013, provided it generates sufficient future earnings prior to the expiration of the NOLs and that future changes in ownership do not trigger a Section 382 limitation. The Company has established a full valuation allowance for substantially all deferred tax assets, including the NOL carryforwards, since the Company could not conclude that it was more likely than not able to generate future taxable income to realize these assets. In addition, the Company has approximately $207,000 of state tax credit tax carryforwards that expire in the years 2013 through 2026.

 

The deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2013 include a deferred tax asset of $681,000 representing NOLs arising from the exercise of stock options by Company employees from 2005 and prior years.  To the extent the Company realizes any tax benefit for the NOLs attributable to the stock option exercises, such amount would be credited directly to stockholders' equity.

 

United States income taxes were not provided on unremitted earnings from non-United States subsidiaries. Such unremitted earnings are considered to be indefinitely reinvested and determination of the amount of taxes that might be paid on these undistributed earnings is not practicable.

 

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple state jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to income tax examination by tax authorities in major jurisdictions for years prior to 2009. However, to the extent allowed by law, the taxing authorities may have the right to examine prior periods where NOLs were generated and carried forward, and make adjustments up to the amount of the carryforwards. The Company is not currently under examination by the IRS or state taxing authorities.