10-Q 1 astc10-q12312017.htm 10-Q FY18 Q2
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

þ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2017
or

¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________
Commission file number 001-34426
Astrotech Corporation
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware |  | 91-1273737
State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization |  | I.R.S. Employer Identification No.
201 West 5th Street, Suite 1275, Austin, Texas |  | 78701
Address of Principal Executive Offices |  | Zip Code

(512) 485-9530
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code
Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ¨ | Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company þ
Emerging growth company ¨ |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No þ
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APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS
As of February 7, 2018, the number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding was: 4,107,538.
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ASTROTECH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

| Page
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 4
ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) | 4
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 21
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 26
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 26
PART II: OTHER INFORMATION | 28
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 28
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS | 28
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 28
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES | 28
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | 28
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION | 28
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS | 29

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
ASTROTECH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)

|  | December 31, 2017 |  | June 30, 2017
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 633 |  |  | $ | 2,184 |
Short-term investments |  | 7,278 |  |  | 10,900 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance |  | 10 |  |  | 146 |
Inventory, net |  | 10 |  |  | 166 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 272 |  |  | 269 |
Total current assets |  | 8,203 |  |  | 13,665 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 2,808 |  |  | 3,180 |
Long-term investments |  | 1,255 |  |  | 1,990 |
Other assets, net |  | 81 |  |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 12,347 |  |  | $ | 18,835 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 285 |  |  | $ | 259 |
Payroll related accruals |  | 549 |  |  | 907 |
Accrued liabilities and other |  | 418 |  |  | 641 |
Income tax payable |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Total current liabilities |  | 1,254 |  |  | 1,809 |
Other liabilities |  | 228 |  |  | 256 |
Total liabilities |  | 1,482 |  |  | 2,065 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, no par value, convertible, 2,500,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding, at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, no par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized; 4,505,473 and 4,508,509 shares issued at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively; 4,107,538 and 4,111,281 shares outstanding at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively |  | 190,491 |  |  | 190,382 |
Treasury stock, 397,935 and 397,228 shares at cost at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively |  | (4,124 | ) |  | (4,121 | )
Additional paid-in capital |  | 1,616 |  |  | 1,483 |
Accumulated deficit |  | (177,056 | ) |  | (170,913 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (62 | ) |  | (61 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  | 10,865 |  |  | 16,770 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 12,347 |  |  | $ | 18,835 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ASTROTECH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Revenue |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 520 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 1,526 |
Cost of revenue |  | 24 |  |  | 319 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 1,050 |
Gross profit |  | 17 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 476 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative |  | 1,602 |  |  | 1,636 |  |  | 3,034 |  |  | 4,184 |
Research and development |  | 1,582 |  |  | 1,254 |  |  | 3,226 |  |  | 2,546 |
Total operating expenses |  | 3,184 |  |  | 2,890 |  |  | 6,260 |  |  | 6,730 |
Loss from operations |  | (3,167 | ) |  | (2,689 | ) |  | (6,243 | ) |  | (6,254 | )
Interest and other income, net |  | 30 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 133 |
Loss before income taxes |  | (3,137 | ) |  | (2,654 | ) |  | (6,143 | ) |  | (6,121 | )
Income tax benefit |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net loss |  | (3,137 | ) |  | (2,654 | ) |  | (6,143 | ) |  | (6,121 | )
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest |  | — |  |  | (51 | ) |  | — |  |  | (103 | )
Net loss attributable to Astrotech Corporation |  | $ | (3,137 | ) |  | $ | (2,603 | ) |  | $ | (6,143 | ) |  | $ | (6,018 | )
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted |  | 4,060 |  |  | 4,124 |  |  | 4,059 |  |  | 4,125 |
Basic and diluted net loss per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss attributable to Astrotech Corporation |  | $ | (0.77 | ) |  | $ | (0.63 | ) |  | $ | (1.51 | ) |  | $ | (1.46 | )
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss attributable to Astrotech Corporation |  | $ | (3,137 | ) |  | $ | (2,603 | ) |  | $ | (6,143 | ) |  | $ | (6,018 | )
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized loss |  | (36 | ) |  | (80 | ) |  | (35 | ) |  | (39 | )
Reclassification adjustment for realized loss |  | 33 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 60 |
Total comprehensive loss |  | $ | (3,140 | ) |  | $ | (2,623 | ) |  | $ | (6,144 | ) |  | $ | (5,997 | )

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ASTROTECH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended December 31,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (6,143 | ) |  | $ | (6,121 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss from operations to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | 242 |  |  | 954 |
Amortization |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |
Depreciation |  | 386 |  |  | 344 |
Net loss on sale of available-for-sale investments |  | 34 |  |  | 60 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | 136 |  |  | (595 | )
Cost, estimated earnings and billings, net on uncompleted contracts |  | — |  |  | 451 |
Accounts payable |  | 26 |  |  | (46 | )
Other assets and liabilities |  | (537 | ) |  | 168 |
Net cash used in operating activities |  | (5,849 | ) |  | (4,777 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Sale of available-for-sale investments |  | 3,615 |  |  | 3,744 |
Maturities of available-for-sale securities |  | 700 |  |  | 3,090 |
Purchases of property and equipment |  | (14 | ) |  | (241 | )
Net cash provided by investing activities |  | 4,301 |  |  | 6,593 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Payments for purchase of treasury stock |  | (3 | ) |  | (1,283 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  | (3 | ) |  | (1,283 | )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  | (1,551 | ) |  | 533 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | 2,184 |  |  | 4,399 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 633 |  |  | $ | 4,932 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Income taxes paid |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ASTROTECH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(1) General Information
Description of the Company – Astrotech Corporation (Nasdaq: ASTC) (“Astrotech,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”), a Delaware corporation organized in 1984, is an innovative science and technology development and commercialization company that invents, acquires, and commercializes technological innovations sourced from internal research, universities, laboratories, and research institutions, and then funds, manages, and builds start-up companies for profitable divestiture to market leaders to maximize shareholder value.
Effective December 22, 2017, we changed our state of incorporation from Washington to Delaware. As of that date, the rights of the Company's stockholders began to be governed by the Delaware corporation laws, the Delaware Certificate of Incorporation, and the Delaware By-Laws. The Delaware Certificate of Incorporation and the Delaware Bylaws are filed herewith as Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2, respectively.
Basis of Presentation – The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by Astrotech Corporation in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the six months ended December 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending June 30, 2018. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2017. On Monday, October 16, 2017, the Company effectuated a reverse stock split of its shares of Common Stock whereby every five (5) pre-split shares of Common Stock were exchanged for one (1) post-split share of the Company's Common Stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Stockholders who would otherwise have held a fractional share of the Common Stock received a cash payment in lieu thereof. In addition, the Company’s authorized Common Stock was reduced from 75 million to 15 million shares.
Accounting Pronouncements – In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605, Revenue Recognition (as updated by ASU 2015-14 in August 2015, ASU 2016-08 in March 2016, and ASU 2016-20 in December 2016). The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance provides a five-step process to achieve that core principle. ASU 2014-09 requires disclosures enabling users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative disclosures are required about contracts with customers, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 was to be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. ASU 2015-14 delayed the required adoption date for public entities to periods beginning after December 15, 2017, although early adoption to the original effective date under ASU 2014-09 is permitted. Once implemented, the Company can use one of two retrospective application methods for prior periods. Earlier application is not permitted.
The Company has been assessing the impact of the new revenue recognition standard on its relationships with its clients. We have hired an outside consultant to help with the adoption of this standard. The Company will evaluate each contract as it commences in order to ensure its compliance with the new revenue standard. The Company plans to adopt this standard in fiscal year 2019.
The Company has not yet determined the impacts of all the disclosure requirements and specifically is assessing the manner in which it will disaggregate its revenue to illustrate how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Additionally, while the Company is in the process of assessing its accounting and forecasting processes to ensure its ability to record, report, forecast, and analyze results under the new standard, it is not expecting significant changes to its business processes or systems.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments - Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“ASU 2016-01”). ASU 2016-01 modifies how entities measure equity investments and present changes in the fair value of financial liabilities. Under the new guidance, entities will have to measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value
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in net income unless the investments qualify for the new practicality exception. A practicality exception will apply to those equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value and do not qualify for the practical expedient to estimate fair value under ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements,” and as such these investments may be measured at cost. ASU 2016-01 will be effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning July 1, 2018, and subsequent interim periods. The adoption of ASU 2016-01 is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s financial statements. The Company will adopt this ASU in fiscal year 2019.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record an ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is assessing the impact the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on its financial statements and plans to adopt this ASU in fiscal year 2019.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities. For assets held at amortized cost basis, ASU 2016-13 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold in current generally accepted accounting standards, and, instead, requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. For available-for-sale debt securities, credit losses should be measured in a manner similar to current generally accepted accounting standards; however, ASU 2016-13 will require that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. ASU 2016-13 affects entities holding financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. This amendment affects loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this standard will have on its financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 will make eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The new standard will require adoption on a retrospective basis unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case it would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting” (“ASU 2017-09”). ASU 2017-09 clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as a modification. The new guidance is expected to reduce diversity in practice and result in fewer changes to the terms of an award being accounted for as a modification. Changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award that do not impact the fair value of the award, vesting conditions, and the classification as an equity or liability instrument will not need to be assessed under modification accounting. ASU 2017-09 is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendments in this update should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. Accordingly, the adoption of ASU 2017-09 will not have an effect on the Company's historical financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this standard on future consolidated financial statements.
Our Business Units
Astro Scientific
Astro Scientific is a technology incubator that commercializes innovative technologies. Subsidiaries 1 st Detect Corporation (“1 st Detect”) and Astrogenetix, Inc. (“Astrogenetix”) currently reside in Astro Scientific:
1 st Detect - 1 st Detect is a manufacturer of advanced mass spectrometry technology used to detect and analyze explosives, chemical warfare agents (“CWAs”), and volatile organic compounds (“VOCs”). The Company offers technology with capabilities that exceed those of the currently deployed competitive solutions, providing laboratory-quality performance capable of detecting a wide range of threats with minimal to no false positives, rapid analysis time, and an easy user interface. The Company worked
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with prime contractors in adapting our technology to be used in enhancing the government’s detection capabilities for a variety of applications.
Our efforts have resulted in a platform technology that has many diverse market opportunities, with the initial focus remaining on two key areas:

• | Security - Explosive device detection in airports: There are currently approximately 25,000 ion mobility spectrometer (“IMS”) instruments installed today, with most nearing their end of life. These IMS systems have many shortcomings - most notably their limited library of detectable compounds, inability to adapt to emerging threats, and significant false positive rates that extend security wait times. The 1 st Detect TRACER 1000 provides significant enhancements, including:

• | Considerably expanded list of explosives, narcotics, and other compounds of interest;

• | Target library that can be instantaneously updated or expanded in the field without requiring hardware configuration changes;

• | Near-zero false positive rates;

• | Improved passenger satisfaction due to increased throughput at checkpoints; and

• | Similar market cost to current IMS explosives trace detectors (“ETD”).

As the current generation of IMS technology is replaced, we are positioning the Company to be the best next-generation solution for this market. We recently completed a successful demo of our technology to the Department of Homeland Security and the Transportation Security Administration (“TSA”) personnel and are working on attaining acceptance of our product on TSA’s qualified products list (“QPL”).

• | Healthcare - Breath analysis: We have partnered with UT Health San Antonio (“UTHSA”) in the development of the BreathDetect 1000, a mass spectrometry-based instrument that is being used to analyze human breath in real-time, enabling detection of bacterial infections in the respiratory tract within minutes. We have entered pre-clinical trials working with cystic fibrosis patients at UTHSA, focusing on identifying hospital-acquired pneumonia (“HAP”), one of the biggest and most expensive problems in hospitals with over 150,000 cases reported annually. Such identification can significantly enhance the physicians’ ability to treat patients correctly. With current diagnosis methods, physicians wait up to three days for the lab to identify the organism, and another two days to receive the antibiotic resistance profile. In the meantime, they prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics, leading to the urgent public health threat of antibiotic resistance and contributing to the re-emergence of deadly diseases such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (“MRSA”). The appropriate real-time diagnosis can lead to immediate administration of the appropriate antibiotics, reduce antibiotic resistance, decrease the length of hospital stays, and most importantly, save lives.

Astrogenetix - Astrogenetix is applying a fast-track, on-orbit discovery platform using the International Space Station to develop vaccines. The Center for Vaccine Development at the University of Maryland (“UMD”), one of the leading vaccinology institutions in the world, independently validated our target vaccine for Salmonella through funding provided by NASA. We are currently looking for funding to finance the pursuit of an Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”).
Astral Images Corporation
Astral Images - Astral Images Corporation (“Astral”) is a developer of advanced film restoration and enhancement software. The Company offers significant cost savings to content owners who traditionally employ a laborious, inconsistent, and expensive manual frame-by-frame restoration process. At 24 frames-per-second, a full-length movie can easily have in excess of 200,000 frames, making manual conversion prohibitively expensive in some instances. Movie studios are at the precipice of a large shift to 4K and/or high dynamic rage (“HDR”) (collectively known as ultra-high definition (“UHD”)) content, and therefore, film assets will need to be rescanned and restored in order to remain relevant in the next generation of video content distribution through over the top (“OTT”) providers such as Netflix, Amazon Prime, and Hulu. Astral is positioned to lead this shift using its powerful artificial intelligence (“AI”) algorithms that remove dust, scratches, and defects from film while converting the content to a digital format with significantly enhanced resolution. In addition, the intelligent software automatically restores the film’s original color, optimizing the content to be viewed in 4K. Coupled with Astral’s HDR technology, which maximizes the contrast ratio, or the difference in light intensity from the darkest blacks and brightest whites, and a significantly expanded color gamut (1.06 billion available colors instead of 16 million), Astral’s technology yields a result that we believe is optimized for today’s most state of the art televisions.
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This same technology is being applied to film held at film archives and museums with significant film collections throughout the world. This market is less driven by optimizing content for the latest standards and more concerned with preserving their treasured film assets. Film degrades over time, colors fade, buckling occurs, the film becomes brittle and eventually turns to dust, and in some cases, it becomes combustible. Astral provides a solution for such entities as they tend to be more cost conscious than film studios, and Astral’s automated process is much less expensive than manual restoration.
Finally, Astral’s versatile AI platform technology will be applied to digitize and restore the 1.7 trillion photographs, negatives, and slides that are deteriorating in attics, basements, and cupboards around the world. With its advanced technology, Astral disrupts the photograph digitization market, where currently, scanned photographs are digitized in their existing and often poor condition, and expensive manual labor is employed for any restoration requests. In contrast, using its sophisticated algorithms, Astral restores the film to its original color and condition as part of the automated digitization process.
(2) Going Concern
Financial Condition
The Company’s consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has working capital of $6.9 million. The Company reported a net loss of $11.6 million for the fiscal year 2017 and a net loss of $6.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017, along with net cash used in operating activities of $8.8 million for the fiscal year 2017 and net cash used in operating activities of $5.8 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017. This raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, but the Company remains resolute in identifying the optimal solution to the liquidity issue.
Management’s Plans to Continue as a Going Concern
Management continues to pursue many options for its capital requirements to maximize shareholder value. These include, but are not limited to, selling the Company or a portion thereof, debt financing, equity financing, merging, or engaging in a strategic partnership. In addition, the Company engaged Chardan Capital Markets on June 8, 2016 to explore strategic alternatives; this engagement is ongoing.
Astrotech’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017 do not include any adjustments that might result from the inability to implement or execute the Company’s plans to improve its ability to continue as a going concern.
(3) Investments
We use the specific identification method when determining realized gains and losses on our available-for-sale securities. The following tables summarize unrealized gains and losses related to our investments:

Available-for-Sale |  | December 31, 2017
(In thousands) |  | Adjusted |  | Unrealized |  | Unrealized |  | Fair
|  | Cost |  | Gain |  | Loss |  | Value
Mutual Funds - Corporate & Government Debt |  | $ | 5,454 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (54 | ) |  | $ | 5,400 |
Fixed Income Bonds |  | 2,342 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 2,336 |
Time Deposits |  | 799 |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 797 |
Total |  | $ | 8,595 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (63 | ) |  | $ | 8,533 |

|  | June 30, 2017
|  | Adjusted |  | Unrealized |  | Unrealized |  | Fair
|  | Cost |  | Gain |  | Loss |  | Value
Mutual Funds - Corporate & Government Debt |  | $ | 9,104 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (61 | ) |  | $ | 9,043 |
Fixed Income Bonds |  | 3,048 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,048 |
Time Deposits |  | 799 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 799 |
Total |  | $ | 12,951 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (61 | ) |  | $ | 12,890 |

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For information on the unrealized holding losses on available-for-sale investments reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into the consolidated statements of income, see “Note 9: Other Comprehensive Loss.”
We have certain financial instruments on our condensed consolidated balance sheet related to interest-bearing time deposits and fixed income bonds. These time deposits are included in “Short-term Investments” if the maturities at the end of the reporting period were 360 days or less or “Long-term Investments” if the maturities at the end of the reporting period were over 360 days. Fixed income investments, maturing over the next one to three years, are comprised of investment-grade fixed income securities in various corporations with ratings of BB- or better.
The following table presents the carrying amounts of certain financial instruments as of December 31, 2017, and June 30, 2017:

|  | Carrying Value
|  | Short-Term Investments |  | Long-Term Investments
(In thousands) |  | December 31, 2017 |  | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | June 30, 2017
Mutual Funds - Corporate & Government Debt |  | $ | 5,400 |  |  | $ | 9,043 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Time deposits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maturities from 1-90 days |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Maturities from 91-360 days |  | 251 |  |  | 250 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Maturities over 360 days |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 546 |  |  | 549 |
Fixed Income Bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maturities less than 1 year |  | 1,627 |  |  | 1,607 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Maturities from 1-3 years |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 709 |  |  | 1,441 |
Maturities from 3-5 years |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 7,278 |  |  | $ | 10,900 |  |  | $ | 1,255 |  |  | $ | 1,990 |

(4) Inventory
As the Company’s primary focus changes from the MMS-1000™ to the TRACER 1000, the majority of the inventory associated with the MMS-1000™ was written-off during the second quarter of fiscal 2018. The following table summarizes the components of our inventory balances, net of allowance of $9 thousand and $116 thousand at December 31, 2017, and June 30, 2017, respectively:

(In thousands) |  | December 31, 2017 |  | June 30, 2017
Raw materials |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 109 |
Work in process |  | — |  |  | 57 |
Total inventory |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 166 |

(5) Noncontrolling Interest
Astral was created in conjunction with a noncontrolling interest, resulting in Astrotech initially owning 72% of Astral; the Company now owns 100% of Astral.
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The following table details the contributions from the Company and the minority interest owner and the Company’s ownership percentage of Astral:

(In thousands) | ASTC Contribution |  | Minority Owner |  | ASTC Ownership (1)
Initial investment | $ | 1,422 |  |  | $ | 422 |  |  | 72 | %
Additional contributions made in fiscal year 2015 | 1,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 83 | %
Additional contributions made in fiscal year 2016 | 3,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 92 | %
Additional contributions made in fiscal year 2017 | 3,500 |  |  | (422 | ) |  | 100 | %
Total Contributions | $ | 8,922 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
(1) Astrotech acquired full ownership of Astral Images in fiscal year 2017.

The Company previously applied noncontrolling interest accounting, which required us to clearly identify the noncontrolling interest in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company previously disclosed three measures of net loss: net loss, net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest, and net loss attributable to Astrotech Corporation. The Company’s operating cash flows in its consolidated statements of cash flows reflect net loss, while our basic and diluted earnings per share calculations reflect net loss attributable to Astrotech Corporation.
The following table breaks down the changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the six months ended December 31, 2017:

(In thousands) |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at June 30, 2017 |  | $ | 16,770 |
Stock based compensation |  | 242 |
Share repurchases |  | (3 | )
Net change on available-for-sale investments |  | (1 | )
Net loss attributable to Astrotech Corporation |  | (6,143 | )
Balance at December 31, 2017 |  | $ | 10,865 |

(6) Net Loss per Share
Basic net loss per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the effect of potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method and the if-converted method. Potentially dilutive common shares include outstanding stock options and share-based awards.
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The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators used in the computations of both basic and diluted net loss per share:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
(In thousands, except per share data) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amounts attributable to Astrotech Corporation, basic and diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss before income taxes |  | $ | (3,137 | ) |  | $ | (2,654 | ) |  | $ | (6,143 | ) |  | $ | (6,121 | )
Income tax benefit |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net loss |  | (3,137 | ) |  | (2,654 | ) |  | (6,143 | ) |  | (6,121 | )
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest |  | — |  |  | (51 | ) |  | — |  |  | (103 | )
Net loss attributable to Astrotech Corporation |  | $ | (3,137 | ) |  | $ | (2,603 | ) |  | $ | (6,143 | ) |  | $ | (6,018 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to Astrotech Corporation — weighted average common stock outstanding |  | 4,060 |  |  | 4,124 |  |  | 4,059 |  |  | 4,125 |
Basic and diluted net loss per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss attributable to Astrotech Corporation |  | $ | (0.77 | ) |  | $ | (0.63 | ) |  | $ | (1.51 | ) |  | $ | (1.46 | )

All unvested restricted stock awards for the six months ended December 31, 2017, are not included in diluted net loss per share, as the impact to net loss per share would be anti-dilutive. Options to purchase 363,057 shares of common stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.60 to $16.00 per share outstanding as of December 31, 2017, were not included in diluted net loss per share, as the impact to net loss per share would be anti-dilutive.
On Monday, October 16, 2017, the Company effectuated a reverse stock split of its shares of Common Stock whereby every five (5) pre-split shares of Common Stock were exchanged for one (1) post-split share of the Company's Common Stock. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Stockholders who would otherwise have held a fractional share of the Common Stock received a cash payment in lieu thereof. Numbers presented in these financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split.
(7) Revenue Recognition
Astrotech recognizes revenue employing two generally accepted revenue recognition methodologies. The methodology used is based on contract type and the manner in which products and services are provided.
Production Unit Sales and Software Licensing Agreements
When revenue for sale of manufactured product is commenced or when we license our software for use, we will recognize it when it is realized or realizable and earned. The Company considers revenue realized or realizable and earned when a firm sales contract or invoice is in place, delivery has occurred or services have been provided, and collectability is reasonably assured.
Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts
Most of the Company’s revenue is derived from contracts to manufacture mass spectrometers to a buyer’s specification. These contracts are accounted for under the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 605-35 “Revenue Recognition: Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts.” These contracts are fixed-price and are recorded on the percentage-of-completion basis using the ratio of costs incurred to estimated total costs at completion as the measurement basis for progress toward completion and revenue recognition. Any losses identified on contracts are recognized immediately. Contract accounting requires significant judgment relative to assessing risks, estimating contract costs, and making related assumptions for schedule and technical issues. With respect to contract change orders, claims, or similar items, judgment must be used in estimating related amounts and assessing the potential for realization. These amounts are only included in contract value when they can be reliably estimated and realization is probable.
The Company enters into fixed-priced subcontracts on government projects that are one to two years long. Revenue from certain long-term, integrated project management contracts to provide new prototypes and completion services is reported on the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. At the outset of each contract, we prepare a detailed analysis of our estimated cost to complete the project, and our progress is based on the percentage of projected cost incurred. Risks related to service delivery,
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usage, productivity, and other factors are considered in the estimation process. The recording of profits and losses on long-term contracts requires an estimate of the total profit or loss over the life of each contract. This estimate requires consideration of total contract value, change orders, and claims, less costs incurred and estimated costs to complete. Anticipated losses on contracts are recorded in full in the period in which they become evident. Profits are recorded based upon the total estimated contract profit times the current percentage complete for the contract.
(8) Fair Value Measurement
The accounting standard for fair value measurements defines fair value, establishes a market-based framework or hierarchy for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The standard is applicable whenever assets and liabilities are measured and included in the financial statements at fair value.
The fair value hierarchy established in the standard prioritizes the inputs used in valuation techniques into three levels as follows:
Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The following tables present the carrying amounts, estimated fair values, and valuation input levels of certain financial instruments as of December 31, 2017, and June 30, 2017:

|  | December 31, 2017
|  | Carrying |  | Fair Value Measured Using |  | Fair
(in thousands) |  | Amount |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Value
Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual Funds - Corporate & Government Debt |  | $ | 5,400 |  |  | $ | 5,400 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,400 |
Bonds: 0-1 year |  | 1,627 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,627 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,627 |
Bonds: 1-3 years |  | 709 |  |  | — |  |  | 709 |  |  | — |  |  | 709 |
Time deposits: 91-360 days |  | 251 |  |  | — |  |  | 251 |  |  | — |  |  | 251 |
Time deposits: over 360 days |  | 546 |  |  | — |  |  | 546 |  |  | — |  |  | 546 |
Total |  | $ | 8,533 |  |  | $ | 5,400 |  |  | $ | 3,133 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,533 |

|  | June 30, 2017
|  | Carrying |  | Fair Value Measured Using |  | Fair
(in thousands) |  | Amount |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Value
Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual Funds - Corporate & Government Debt |  | $ | 9,043 |  |  | $ | 9,043 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,043 |
Bonds: 0-1 year |  | 1,607 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,607 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,607 |
Bonds: 1-3 years |  | 1,441 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,441 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,441 |
Time deposits: 91-360 days |  | 250 |  |  | — |  |  | 250 |  |  | — |  |  | 250 |
Time deposits: over 360 days |  | 549 |  |  | — |  |  | 549 |  |  | — |  |  | 549 |
Total |  | $ | 12,890 |  |  | $ | 9,043 |  |  | $ | 3,847 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,890 |

The value of our available-for-sale investments is based on pricing from third-party pricing vendors, who may use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1 inputs). The fair value of our bonds and time deposits with maturities less than 90 days is considered the amortized value; the fair value measurements used for bonds and time deposits with maturities greater than 90 days is considered Level 2 and uses pricing from third-party pricing vendors who use quoted prices for identical or similar securities in both active and inactive markets.
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(9) Other Comprehensive Loss
Changes in the balances of each component included in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the six months ended December 31, 2017, are presented below.

(In thousands) |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Unrealized Loss in Investments |  |
Balance at June 30, 2017 |  | $ | (61 | )
Current period change in other comprehensive loss before reclassifications |  | (35 | )
Reclassification to net loss for realized losses |  | 34 |
Balance at December 31, 2017 |  | $ | (62 | )

(10) Business Risk and Credit Risk Concentration Involving Cash
During the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized revenue from one customer. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2016, the Company had two customers that together comprised 100% of the Company’s revenue. The following tables summarize the concentrations of sales and trade accounts receivable percentages for the Company’s customers:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 |  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2016
|  | Percentage of Total Sales |  | Percentage of Total Sales
Next Generation Chemical Detector Partner |  | — | % |  | 37 | %
Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate Partner |  | — | % |  | 63 | %
Large Post-Production Film Company |  | 100 | % |  | — | %

|  | Six Months Ended December 31, 2017 |  | Six Months Ended December 31, 2016
|  | Percentage of Total Sales |  | Percentage of Total Sales
Next Generation Chemical Detector Partner |  | — | % |  | 53 | %
Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate Partner |  | — | % |  | 47 | %
Large Post-Production Film Company |  | 100 | % |  | — | %

|  | December 31, 2017 |  | June 30, 2017
|  | Percentage of Trade A/R |  | Percentage of Trade A/R
Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate Partner |  | — | % |  | 100 | %

The Company maintains funds in bank accounts that may exceed the limit insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) of $250 thousand per depositor. The risk of loss attributable to these uninsured balances is mitigated by depositing funds in what we believe to be high credit quality financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.
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(11) Common Stock Incentive, Stock Purchase Plans, and Other Compensation Plans
Stock Option Activity Summary
The Company’s stock option activity for the six months ended December 31, 2017, is as follows:

| Shares (in thousands) |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at June 30, 2017 | 365 |  |  | $ | 6.07 |
Granted | — |  |  | — |
Exercised | — |  |  | — |
Canceled or expired | 2 |  |  | 5.30 |
Outstanding at December 31, 2017 | 363 |  |  | $ | 6.07 |

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at December 31, 2017, was $30 thousand as the fair value of the Company’s common stock is more than the exercise prices of these options. The remaining share-based compensation expense of $483 thousand related to stock options will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.28 years.
The table below details the Company’s stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2017:

Range of exercise prices |  | Number Outstanding |  | Options Outstanding Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (years) |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  | Number Exercisable |  | Options Exercisable Weighted- Average Exercise Price
$1.60 – 3.55 |  | 77,550 |  |  | 2.86 |  | $ | 3.11 |  |  | 77,550 |  |  | $ | 3.11 |
$5.30 – 8.35 |  | 268,507 |  |  | 8.17 |  | 6.30 |  |  | 86,000 |  |  | 6.59 |
$16.00 – 16.00 |  | 17,000 |  |  | 7.27 |  | 16.00 |  |  | 12,264 |  |  | 16.00 |
$1.60 – 16.00 |  | 363,057 |  |  | 6.99 |  | $ | 6.07 |  |  | 175,814 |  |  | $ | 5.57 |

Compensation costs recognized related to stock option awards were $67 thousand and $18 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2017, and 2016, respectively and $134 thousand and $37 thousand for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Restricted Stock
The Company’s restricted stock activity for the six months ended December 31, 2017, is as follows:

|  | Shares (in thousands) |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at June 30, 2017 |  | 56 |  |  | $ | 9.95 |
Granted |  | — |  |  | — |
Vested |  | 6 |  |  | 9.22 |
Canceled or expired |  | 3 |  |  | 8.35 |
Outstanding at December 31, 2017 |  | 47 |  |  | $ | 10.16 |

Stock compensation expenses related to restricted stock were $54 thousand and $74 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2017, and 2016, respectively and $108 thousand and $917 thousand for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The remaining share-based compensation expense of $139 thousand related to restricted stock awards granted will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.16 years.
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Securities Repurchase Program
On December 13, 2014, the Board of Directors amended the share repurchase program to allow for the repurchase of up to $5 million in Astrotech Corporation stock until December 31, 2015. On December 3, 2015, the Board of Directors authorized the extension of the share repurchase program through December 31, 2016. The share repurchase program ended as of December 31, 2016; as such, during the six months ended December 31, 2017, no shares were repurchased as part of the share repurchase program. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had repurchased 37,727 shares of common stock at a cost of $492 thousand, which represents an average cost of $13.05 per share.
Shares Repurchased from Related Parties
In August 2016, the Company repurchased 38,400 shares issued to the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer related to their tax withholding obligations at a cost of $308 thousand, which represents an average cost of $8.00 per share. In December 2016, the Company repurchased 120,370 shares from the Chief Executive Officer at a cost of $975 thousand, which represents an average cost of $8.10 per share.
(12) Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized. As of December 31, 2017, and June 30, 2017, the Company established a full valuation allowance against all of its net deferred tax assets.
For the three months ended December 31, 2017, and 2016, the Company incurred pre-tax losses in the amount of $3.1 million and $2.7 million, respectively. For each of the six months ended December 31, 2017, and 2016, the Company incurred pre-tax losses in the amount of $6.1 million. The total effective tax rate was approximately 0% for each of the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, and 2016.
For each of the six months ended December 31, 2017, and 2016, the Company’s effective tax rate differed from the federal statutory rate of 35%, primarily due to recording of the valuation allowance placed against its net deferred tax assets.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred, and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. In the second quarter, the Company revised its estimated annual effective rate to reflect a change in its federal statutory rate from 35% to 21%. The rate change is effective on January 1, 2018; therefore, the Company’s blended statutory tax rate for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, is 27.52%. At December 31, 2017, the Company has not completed its accounting for all of the tax effects of enactment of the Act; however, a reasonable estimate has been made. Note that the Company currently has net operating loss carryovers. A valuation allowance has been recorded to fully reserve for net operating loss carryovers, other carryovers, and book/tax differences on the balance sheet.
FASB ASC 740, “Income Taxes” addresses the accounting for uncertainty in income tax recognized in an entity’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. The Company had an unrecognized tax benefit of $0 for each of the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, and 2016.
Loss carryovers are generally subject to modification by tax authorities until three years after they have been utilized; as such, the Company is subject to examination for the fiscal years ended 2000 through present for federal purposes and fiscal years ended 2006 through present for state purposes. The reason for this extended examination period is due to the utilization of the loss carryovers generated by the sale of our Astrotech Space Operations business unit in fiscal year 2015.
(13) Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is subject to various lawsuits and other claims in the normal course of business. In addition, from time to time, the Company receives communications from government or regulatory agencies concerning investigations or allegations of noncompliance with laws or regulations in jurisdictions in which the Company operates.
The Company establishes reserves for the estimated losses on specific contingent liabilities, for regulatory and legal actions where the Company deems a loss to be probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In other instances, the Company
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is not able to make a reasonable estimate of liability because of the uncertainties related to the outcome or the amount or range of potential loss.
Litigation, Investigations, and Audits – We are not party to, nor are our properties the subject of, any material pending legal proceedings.
(14) Segment Information
The Company currently has two reportable business units: Astro Scientific and Astral.
Astro Scientific
Astro Scientific is a technology incubator that commercializes innovative technologies. Subsidiaries 1 st Detect and Astrogenetix currently reside in Astro Scientific:
1 st Detect - 1 st Detect is a manufacturer of advanced mass spectrometry technology used to detect and analyze explosives, CWAs, and VOCs. The Company offers technology with capabilities that exceed those of the currently deployed competitive solutions, providing laboratory-quality performance capable of detecting a wide range of threats with minimal to no false positives, rapid analysis time, and an easy user interface. The Company worked with prime contractors in adapting our technology to be used in enhancing the government’s detection capabilities for a variety of applications.
Astrogenetix - Astrogenetix is applying a fast-track, on-orbit discovery platform using the International Space Station to develop vaccines. The Center for Vaccine Development at UMD, one of the leading vaccinology institutions in the world, independently validated our target vaccine for Salmonella through funding provided by NASA. We are currently looking for funding to finance the pursuit of an IND application with the FDA.
Astral Images
Astral Images - Astral is a developer of advanced film restoration and enhancement software. The Company offers significant cost savings to content owners who traditionally employ a laborious, inconsistent, and expensive manual frame-by-frame restoration process. At 24 frames-per-second, a full-length movie can easily have in excess of 200,000 frames, making manual conversion prohibitively expensive in some instances. Movie studios are at the precipice of a large shift to 4K and/or HDR (collectively known as UHD) content, and therefore, film assets will need to be rescanned and restored in order to remain relevant in the next generation of video content distribution through OTT providers such as Netflix, Amazon Prime, and Hulu. Astral is positioned to lead this shift using its powerful AI algorithms that remove dust, scratches, and defects from film while converting the content to a digital format with significantly enhanced resolution. In addition, the intelligent software automatically restores the film’s original color, optimizing the content to be viewed in 4K. Coupled with Astral’s HDR technology, which maximizes the contrast ratio, or the difference in light intensity from the darkest blacks and brightest whites, and a significantly expanded color gamut (1.06 billion available colors instead of 16 million), Astral’s technology yields a result that we believe is optimized for today’s most state of the art televisions.
This same technology is being applied to film held at film archives and museums with significant film collections throughout the world. This market is less driven by optimizing content for the latest standards and more concerned with preserving their treasured film assets. Film degrades over time, colors fade, buckling occurs, the film becomes brittle and eventually turns to dust, and in some cases, it becomes combustible. Astral provides a solution for such entities as they tend to be more cost conscious than film studios, and Astral’s automated process is much less expensive than manual restoration.
Finally, Astral’s versatile AI platform technology will be applied to digitize and restore the 1.7 trillion photographs, negatives, and slides that are deteriorating in attics, basements, and cupboards around the world. With its advanced technology, Astral disrupts the photograph digitization market, where currently, scanned photographs are digitized in their existing and often poor condition, and expensive manual labor is employed for any restoration requests. In contrast, using its sophisticated algorithms, Astral restores the film to its original color and condition as part of the automated digitization process.
All intercompany transactions between business units have been eliminated in consolidation.
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Key financial metrics of the Company’s segments are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 |  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2016
Revenue, Depreciation, and Income (In thousands) |  | Revenue |  | Depreciation |  | Loss before Income Taxes |  | Revenue |  | Depreciation |  | Loss before Income Taxes
Astro Scientific |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | (2,588 | ) |  | $ | 520 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | (1,976 | )
Astral |  | 41 |  |  | 97 |  |  | (549 | ) |  | — |  |  | 80 |  |  | (678 | )
Total |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | (3,137 | ) |  | $ | 520 |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | (2,654 | )

|  | Six Months Ended December 31, 2017 |  | Six Months Ended December 31, 2016
Revenue, Depreciation, and Income (In thousands) |  | Revenue |  | Depreciation |  | Loss before Income Taxes |  | Revenue |  | Depreciation |  | Loss before Income Taxes
Astro Scientific |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 207 |  |  | $ | (5,017 | ) |  | $ | 1,526 |  |  | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | (4,762 | )
Astral |  | 41 |  |  | 179 |  |  | (1,126 | ) |  | — |  |  | 160 |  |  | (1,359 | )
Total |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 386 |  |  | $ | (6,143 | ) |  | $ | 1,526 |  |  | $ | 344 |  |  | $ | (6,121 | )

|  | December 31, 2017 |  | June 30, 2017
Assets (In thousands) |  | Fixed Assets, Net |  | Total Capital Expenditures (1) |  | Total Assets |  | Fixed Assets, Net |  | Total Capital Expenditures (2) |  | Total Assets
Astro Scientific |  | $ | 1,025 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 10,478 |  |  | $ | 1,224 |  |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 16,833 |
Astral |  | 1,783 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 1,869 |  |  | 1,956 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 2,002 |
Total |  | $ | 2,808 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 12,347 |  |  | $ | 3,180 |  |  | $ | 499 |  |  | $ | 18,835 |
(1) Total capital expenditures are for the six months ended December 31, 2017.
(2) Total capital expenditures are for the twelve months ended June 30, 2017.

(15) Subsequent Events
The Company filed a Form S-8 on January 19, 2018. This was to register additional shares to the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan and was approved by the shareholders at the annual shareholders’ meeting on December 7, 2017. By filing this Form S-8, we have registered a total of 975,000 shares associated with the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements for purposes of federal and state securities laws. Forward-looking statements may include the words “may,” “will,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” and other similar expressions. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in the statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

• | The effect of economic and political conditions in the United States or other nations that could impact our ability to sell our products and services or gain customers;

• | Our ability to continue as a going concern;

• | Our ability to raise sufficient capital to meet our long- and short-term liquidity requirements;

• | Our ability to successfully pursue our business plan and execute our strategy;

• | Technological difficulties and potential legal claims arising from any technological difficulties;

• | Product demand and market acceptance risks, including our ability to develop and sell products and services to be used by governmental or commercial customers;

• | Uncertainty in government funding and support for key programs, grant opportunities, or procurements;

• | The impact of competition on our ability to win new contracts; and

• | Our ability to meet technological development milestones and overcome development challenges.

Although we believe that the assumptions underlying our forward-looking statements are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate, therefore we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q will prove to be accurate. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in our forward-looking statements, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives and plans will be achieved. Some of these and other risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from such forward-looking statements are more fully described in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or in the documents incorporated by reference herein. Except as may be required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or advise of any change in any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. In making these statements, we disclaim any obligation to address or update each factor in future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or communications regarding our business or results, and we do not undertake to address how any of these factors may have caused changes to discussions or information contained in previous filings or communications. In addition, any of the matters discussed above may have affected our past results and may affect future results, so that our actual results may differ materially from those expressed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in prior or subsequent communications.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following information should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report.
Business Overview
Astrotech Corporation (Nasdaq: ASTC) (“Astrotech,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”), a Delaware corporation organized in 1984, is an innovative science and technology development and commercialization company that invents, acquires, and commercializes technological innovations sourced from internal research, universities, laboratories, and research institutions, and then funds, manages, and builds start-up companies for profitable divestiture to market leaders to maximize shareholder value.
Effective December 22, 2017, we changed our state of incorporation from Washington to Delaware. As of that date, the rights of the Company's stockholders began to be governed by the Delaware corporation laws, the Delaware Certificate of Incorporation, and the Delaware By-Laws. The Delaware Certificate of Incorporation and the Delaware Bylaws are filed herewith as Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2, respectively.
The Company currently operates two reportable business units, Astro Scientific and Astral Images Corporation, and their efforts are focused on the following:
Astro Scientific

• | 1 st Detect Corporation (“1 st Detect”) is a manufacturer of chemical detection and analysis instrumentation. Our next-generation solutions enable high performance trace detection of critical threats or compounds of interest to the security, defense, and healthcare markets using a small, fast, and inexpensive platform. The Company has engaged Chardan Capital Markets, LLC to help maximize shareholder value at 1 st Detect by investigating strategic alternatives and these efforts are ongoing.

• | Astrogenetix, Inc. (“Astrogenetix”) is developing next-generation vaccines using the unique environment of microgravity.

Astral Images Corporation

• | Astral Images Corporation (“Astral”) is a developer of advanced film restoration and enhancement software. Astral is working with movie studios to convert their film assets to the latest 4K high dynamic range (“HDR”) standards while restoring the film in automation. We are also working with film archives and museums to preserve their treasured film assets by converting the content to a digital format and using our artificial intelligence (“AI”) platform to restore the assets. Finally, we are employing the same technology to digitize the 1.7 trillion photographs, negatives, and slides that are deteriorating in attics, basements, and cupboards around the world.

Our Business Units
Astro Scientific
Astro Scientific is a technology incubator that commercializes innovative technologies. Subsidiaries 1 st Detect and Astrogenetix currently reside in Astro Scientific:
1 st Detect - 1 st Detect is a manufacturer of advanced mass spectrometry technology used to detect and analyze explosives, chemical warfare agents (“CWAs”), and volatile organic compounds (“VOCs”). The Company offers technology with capabilities that exceed those of the currently deployed competitive solutions, providing laboratory-quality performance capable of detecting a wide range of threats with minimal to no false positives, rapid analysis time, and an easy user interface. The Company worked with prime contractors in adapting our technology to be used in enhancing the government’s detection capabilities for a variety of applications.
Our efforts have resulted in a platform technology that has many diverse market opportunities, with the initial focus remaining on two key areas:

• | Security - Explosive device detection in airports: There are currently approximately 25,000 ion mobility spectrometer (“IMS”) instruments installed today, with most nearing their end of life. These IMS systems have many shortcomings -

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most notably their limited library of detectable compounds, inability to adapt to emerging threats, and significant false positive rates that extend security wait times. The 1 st Detect TRACER 1000 provides significant enhancements, including:

• | Considerably expanded list of explosives, narcotics, and other compounds of interest;

• | Target library that can be instantaneously updated or expanded in the field without requiring hardware configuration changes;

• | Near-zero false positive rates;

• | Improved passenger satisfaction due to increased throughput at checkpoints; and

• | Similar market cost to current IMS ETDs.

As the current generation of IMS technology is replaced, we are positioning the Company to be the best next-generation solution for this market. We recently completed a successful demo of our technology to DHS and TSA personnel and are working on attaining acceptance of our product on TSA’s qualified products list (“QPL”).

• | Healthcare - Breath analysis: We have partnered with UT Health San Antonio (“UTHSA”) in the development of the BreathDetect 1000, a mass spectrometry-based instrument that is being used to analyze human breath in real-time, enabling detection of bacterial infections in the respiratory tract within minutes. We have entered pre-clinical trials working with cystic fibrosis patients at UTHSA, focusing on identifying hospital-acquired pneumonia (“HAP”), one of the biggest and most expensive problems in hospitals with over 150,000 cases reported annually. Such identification can significantly enhance the physicians’ ability to treat patients correctly. With current diagnosis methods, physicians wait up to three days for the lab to identify the organism, and another two days to receive the antibiotic resistance profile. In the meantime, they prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics, leading to the urgent public health threat of antibiotic resistance and contributing to the re-emergence of deadly diseases such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (“MRSA”). The appropriate real-time diagnosis can lead to immediate administration of the appropriate antibiotics, reduce antibiotic resistance, decrease the length of hospital stays, and most importantly, save lives.

Astrogenetix - Astrogenetix is applying a fast-track, on-orbit discovery platform using the International Space Station to develop vaccines. The Center for Vaccine Development at the University of Maryland (“UMD”), one of the leading vaccinology institutions in the world, independently validated our target vaccine for Salmonella through funding provided by NASA. We are currently looking for funding to finance the pursuit of an Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”).
Astral Images Corporation
Astral Images - Astral is a developer of advanced film restoration and enhancement software. The Company offers significant cost savings to content owners who traditionally employ a laborious, inconsistent, and expensive manual frame-by-frame restoration process. At 24 frames-per-second, a full-length movie can easily have in excess of 200,000 frames, making manual conversion prohibitively expensive in some instances. Movie studios are at the precipice of a large shift to 4K and/or HDR (collectively known as ultra-high definition (“UHD”)) content, and therefore, film assets will need to be rescanned and restored in order to remain relevant in the next generation of video content distribution through over the top (“OTT”) providers such as Netflix, Amazon Prime, and Hulu. Astral is positioned to lead this shift using its powerful AI algorithms that remove dust, scratches, and defects from film while converting the content to a digital format with significantly enhanced resolution. In addition, the intelligent software automatically restores the film’s original color, optimizing the content to be viewed in 4K. Coupled with Astral’s HDR technology, which maximizes the contrast ratio, or the difference in light intensity from the darkest blacks and brightest whites, and a significantly expanded color gamut (1.06 billion available colors instead of 16 million), Astral’s technology yields a result that we believe is optimized for today’s most state of the art televisions.
This same technology is being applied to film held at film archives and museums with significant film collections throughout the world. This market is less driven by optimizing content for the latest standards and more concerned with preserving their treasured film assets. Film degrades over time, colors fade, buckling occurs, the film becomes brittle and eventually turns to dust, and in some cases, it becomes combustible. Astral provides a solution for such entities as they tend to be more cost conscious than film studios, and Astral’s automated process is much less expensive than manual restoration.
Finally, Astral’s versatile AI platform technology will be applied to digitize and restore the 1.7 trillion photographs, negatives, and slides that are deteriorating in attics, basements, and cupboards around the world. With its advanced technology, Astral disrupts the photograph digitization market, where currently, scanned photographs are digitized in their existing and often poor condition,
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and expensive manual labor is employed for any restoration requests. In contrast, using its sophisticated algorithms, Astral restores the film to its original color and condition as part of the automated digitization process.
Critical Accounting Policies
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Management believes there have been no significant changes during the six months ended December 31, 2017 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Results of Operations
Three months ended December 31, 2017, compared to three months ended December 31, 2016:
Selected consolidated financial data for the quarter ended December 31, 2017, and 2016 is as follows:

|  | Quarter Ended December 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Revenue |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 520 |
Cost of revenue |  | 24 |  |  | 319 |
Gross profit |  | 17 |  |  | 201 |
Gross margin |  | 41 | % |  | 39 | %
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative |  | 1,602 |  |  | 1,636 |
Research and development |  | 1,582 |  |  | 1,254 |
Total operating expenses |  | 3,184 |  |  | 2,890 |
Loss from operations |  | (3,167 | ) |  | (2,689 | )
Interest and other income, net |  | 30 |  |  | 35 |
Income tax benefit |  | — |  |  | — |
Net loss |  | (3,137 | ) |  | (2,654 | )
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest |  | — |  |  | (51 | )
Net loss attributable to Astrotech Corporation |  | $ | (3,137 | ) |  | $ | (2,603 | )

Revenue – Total revenue decreased $0.5 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2018, compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2017. The revenue generated in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 was from a software license agreement with a large post-production film company. This agreement was used to correct defects and restore one film. The majority of the revenue generated in the second quarter of fiscal 2017 was associated with research-based, fixed-price, government-related subcontract agreements. These subcontract agreements ended during the last quarter of fiscal 2017.
Gross Profit – Gross profit is comprised of revenue less cost of revenue. In the current quarter, cost of revenue is comprised of labor and depreciation related to the licensing of our software. In the prior quarter, cost of revenue was comprised of labor, materials, and overhead related to products manufactured for the subcontract agreements. During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, cost of revenues decreased to $24 thousand from $319 thousand in the second quarter of fiscal 2017, and gross profit decreased $184 thousand during the same period due to the decrease in revenue as described above.
Operating Expenses – Operating expenses increased $294 thousand during the second quarter of fiscal 2018, compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2017. Selling, general and administrative remained consistent and research and development increased $328 thousand due to our focus on refining our new products which are currently in government testing.
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Income Taxes – Income tax benefit did not change during the second quarter of fiscal 2018, compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2017. The realization of tax benefits depends on the existence of future taxable income. Pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) “Income Taxes” (“FASB ASC 740”), a valuation allowance has been established to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amounts that are more likely than not to be realized.
Results of Operations
Six months ended December 31, 2017, compared to six months ended December 31, 2016:
Selected consolidated financial data for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows (in thousands):

|  | Six Months Ended December 31,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
Revenue |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 1,526 |
Cost of revenue |  | 24 |  |  | 1,050 |
Gross profit |  | 17 |  |  | 476 |
Gross margin |  | 41 | % |  | 31 | %
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative |  | 3,034 |  |  | 4,184 |
Research and development |  | 3,226 |  |  | 2,546 |
Total operating expenses |  | 6,260 |  |  | 6,730 |
Loss from operations |  | (6,243 | ) |  | (6,254 | )
Interest and other expense, net |  | 100 |  |  | 133 |
Income tax benefit |  | — |  |  | — |
Net loss |  | (6,143 | ) |  | (6,121 | )
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest |  | — |  |  | (103 | )
Net loss attributable to Astrotech Corporation |  | $ | (6,143 | ) |  | $ | (6,018 | )

Revenue – Total revenue decreased $1.5 million during the six months ended December 31, 2017, compared to the six months ended December 31, 2016. The revenue generated during the six months ended December 31, 2017 was from a software license agreement with a large post-production film company. This agreement was used to correct defects and restore one film. All of the revenue generated in the six months ended December 31, 2016 was associated with research-based, fixed-price, government-related subcontract agreements. These subcontract agreements ended during the last quarter of fiscal 2017.
Gross Profit – Gross profit is comprised of revenue less cost of revenue. In the current year, cost of revenue is comprised of labor and depreciation related to the licensing of our software. In the prior year, cost of revenue was comprised of labor, materials, and overhead related to products manufactured for the subcontract agreements. During the six months ended December 31, 2017, cost of revenues decreased to $24 thousand from $1.1 million in the six months ended December 31, 2016. Also, gross profit decreased $459 thousand during the six months ended December 31, 2017, compared to the six months ended December 31, 2016, due to the decrease in revenue as described above.
Operating Expenses – Operating expenses decreased $0.5 million during the six months ended December 31, 2017, compared to the six months ended December 31, 2016. Selling, general and administrative decreased $1.2 million, primarily driven by a decrease in equity compensation of $0.7 million and payroll related decreases of $0.6 million, partially offset by an increase in investor relations expenses of $0.1 million. The decrease in SG&A expenses was partially offset by an increase of $0.7 million in research and development due to our focus on refining our new products which are currently in government testing.
Income Taxes – Income tax benefit remained unchanged during the six months ended December 31, 2017. The realization of tax benefits depends on the existence of future taxable income. Pursuant to FASB ASC 740, a valuation allowance has been established to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amounts that are more likely than not to be realized.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following is a summary of the change in our cash and cash equivalents:

|  | Six Months Ended December 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | change
Change in cash and cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net cash used in operating activities |  | $ | (5,849 | ) |  | $ | (4,777 | ) |  | $ | (1,072 | )
Net cash provided by investing activities |  | 4,301 |  |  | 6,593 |  |  | (2,292 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  | (3 | ) |  | (1,283 | ) |  | 1,280 |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | (1,551 | ) |  | $ | 533 |  |  | $ | (2,084 | )

Cash and Cash Equivalents
As of December 31, 2017, we held cash and cash equivalents of $0.6 million, and our working capital was approximately $6.9 million. As of June 30, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of $2.2 million, and our working capital was approximately $11.9 million. Cash and cash equivalents decreased by approximately $1.6 million as of December 31, 2017, as compared to June 30, 2017, due to funding our normal operating activities and research and development initiatives, partially offset by the sale and maturities of some of our available-for-sale securities. Including our cash management investment portfolio, our cash and investments balance as of December 31, 2017 was $9.2 million.
Operating Activities
Cash used in operating activities increased $1.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017, compared to the six months ended December 31, 2016, primarily caused by a reduction in payroll related accruals and other accrued liabilities.
Investing Activities
Cash provided by investing activities decreased $2.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017, compared to the six months ended December 31, 2016, primarily caused by a decrease in the amount of available-for-sale securities matured.
Financing Activities
Cash used in financing activities decreased $1.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017, compared to the six months ended December 31, 2016, due to a decrease in payments for shares repurchased.
Liquidity
As of December 31, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $7.9 million, and our working capital was approximately $6.9 million. The Company reported a net loss of $11.6 million for the fiscal year 2017 and a net loss of $6.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017, along with net cash used in operating activities of $8.8 million for the fiscal year 2017 and net cash used in operating activities of $5.8 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, but the Company remains resolute in identifying the optimal solution to the liquidity issue.
Our future capital requirements will depend on a number of factors, including our success in developing and expanding markets for our products, payments under possible future strategic arrangements, continued progress of our research and development, the need to acquire licenses to new technology, costs associated with increasing our manufacturing and development capabilities, costs associated with strategic acquisitions including integration costs and assumed liabilities, and the status of competitive products and potential costs associated with both protecting and defending our intellectual property. Factors that could affect our capital requirements, in addition to those listed above, include continued collections of accounts receivable consistent with our historical experience and our ability to manage product development efforts.
We believe we have sufficient liquidity to continue to fund our operating expenses, capital requirements, and other expected liquidity requirements through September 2018.
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Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized. As of December 31, 2017, and June 30, 2017, the Company established a full valuation allowance against all of its net deferred tax assets.
For the three months ended December 31, 2017, and 2016, the Company incurred pre-tax losses in the amount of $3.1 million and $2.7 million, respectively. For each of the six months ended December 31, 2017, and 2016, the Company incurred pre-tax losses in the amount of $6.1 million. The total effective tax rate was approximately 0% for each of the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, and 2016.
For each of the six months ended December 31, 2017, and 2016, the Company’s effective tax rate differed from the federal statutory rate of 35%, primarily due to recording of the valuation allowance placed against its net deferred tax assets.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred, and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. In the second quarter, the Company revised its estimated annual effective rate to reflect a change in its federal statutory rate from 35% to 21%. The rate change is effective on January 1, 2018; therefore, the Company’s blended statutory tax rate for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, is 27.52%. At December 31, 2017, the Company has not completed its accounting for all of the tax effects of enactment of the Act; however, a reasonable estimate has been made. Note that the Company currently has net operating loss carryovers. A valuation allowance has been recorded to fully reserve for net operating loss carryovers, other carryovers, and book/tax differences on the balance sheet.
FASB ASC 740, “Income Taxes” addresses the accounting for uncertainty in income tax recognized in an entity’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. The Company had an unrecognized tax benefit of $0 for each of the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, and 2016.
Loss carryovers are generally subject to modification by tax authorities until three years after they have been utilized; as such, the Company is subject to examination for the fiscal years ended 2000 through present for federal purposes and fiscal years ended 2006 through present for state purposes. The reason for this extended examination period is due to the utilization of the loss carryovers generated by the sale of our Astrotech Space Operations business unit in fiscal year 2015.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2017, and June 30, 2017.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on that evaluation, and as a result of the material weakness described below, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these controls and procedures are ineffective. Except as identified below, there have been no material changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the
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last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive and financial officers, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of September 30, 2017, based on the frame-work in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013).
As a result of our assessment, we identified control deficiencies that constitute a material weakness in the design and operation of our internal control over financial reporting. The following material weakness was present at December 31, 2017:

• | Our internal controls over the mathematical accuracy of disclosed amounts failed, resulting in an inadvertent error in the calculation of “Net Loss per Common Share” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
This quarterly report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal controls over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered accounting firm pursuant to §989G of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which exempts the Company from the requirement that it include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal controls over our management’s assessment of internal controls over financial reporting.
Remediation
To remediate the material weakness described above, we are immediately implementing and/or plan to implement the following:

• | Design a remediation action for the review and analysis of earnings per share and improve the related policy and procedures;

• | Expand review of financial disclosures; and

• | Further document our tie out to our internal calculations.

When fully implemented and operational, we believe the measures described above will remediate the material weakness we have identified and strengthen our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
As of December 31, 2017, we are not involved in any pending or threatened legal proceedings that we believe could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. From time to time, we are subject to legal proceedings and business disputes involving ordinary routine legal matters and claims incidental to our business. The ultimate legal and financial liability with respect to such matters generally cannot be estimated with certainty and requires the use of estimates in recording liabilities for potential litigation settlements or awards against us. Estimates for losses from litigation are made after consultation with outside counsel. If estimates of potential losses increase or the related facts and circumstances change in the future, we may be required to record either more or less litigation expense.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this Item.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are filed herewith:

Exhibit No. |  | Description |  | Incorporation by Reference
3.1 |  |  | Articles of Incorporation, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware |  | Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 28, 2017.
3.2 |  |  | Delaware By-Laws |  | Exhibit 3.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 28, 2017.
3.3 |  |  | Certificate of Designations of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware |  | Exhibit 3.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 28, 2017.
31.1 |  |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |  | Filed herewith.
31.2 |  |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |  | Filed herewith.
32.1 |  |  | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |  | Filed herewith.
101 |  |  | The following financial information from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the period ended December 31, 2017 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language: (i) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. |  | Filed herewith.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | Astrotech Corporation |
Date: February 12, 2018 |  | /s/ Eric Stober |
|  | Eric Stober |
|  | Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer |

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