Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

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We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:           

(1) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-234765) pertaining to the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan of Aprea Therapeutics, Inc.,

(2) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-250043) pertaining to the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan of Aprea Therapeutics, Inc.,

(3) Registration Statement (Form S-3/A No. 333-250041) of Aprea Therapeutics, Inc.,

(4) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-260884) pertaining to the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan of Aprea Therapeutics, Inc.,

(5) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-268816) pertaining to the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan of Aprea Therapeutics, Inc.,

(6) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-265411) pertaining to the Atrin Pharmaceuticals LLC 2016 Amended and Restated Equity Compensation Plan,

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of our report dated March 30, 2023, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Aprea Therapeutics, Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2022.

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/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

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Iselin, New Jersey

March 30, 2023