EX-2.10 3 ef20039043_ex2-10.htm EXHIBIT 2.10

Exhibit 2.10
DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OceanPal Inc. (the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) only has common stock registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”). In addition, the Company has outstanding Series B Preferred Shares, Series C Preferred Shares, Series D Preferred Shares, Series E Preferred Shares, Class A Warrants and Class B Warrants which are not registered under Section 12 of the Act.
The following description sets forth certain material provisions of these securities. The following summary does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the applicable provisions of the Company’s Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended (the “Articles of Incorporation”) and Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”), the Statement of Designation of the Series B Preferred Shares of the Company, the Statement of Designation of the 8.0% Series C Cumulative Convertible Perpetual Preferred Shares of the Company, the Statement of Designation of the 7.0% Series D Preferred Shares of the Company, the Statement of Designation of the Series E Preferred Stock, Class A Warrant, Class B Warrant, and Warrant Agency Agreement, as applicable, each of which is incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 20-F of which this Exhibit is a part. We encourage you to refer to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws for additional information.
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK
General
Under our Articles of Incorporation, our authorized capital stock consists of 1,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, of which (i) 1,000,000 shares are designated Series A Participating Preferred Stock, none of which are issued and outstanding as of April 15, 2025, (ii) 500,000 shares are designated Series B Preferred Stock, all of which are issued and outstanding as of April 15, 2025, (iii) 35,000 shares are designated Series C Preferred Stock, of which 12,185 are issued and outstanding as of April 15, 2025 (iv) 47,599 shares are designated as Series D Preferred stock, of which 23,083 are issued and outstanding as of April 15, 2025, and (v) 10,000 shares are designated Series E Preferred Stock, of which 1,200 are issued and outstanding as of April 15, 2025. All of our shares of stock are in registered form.
Common Stock
Each outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of preferred stock, holders of shares of common stock are entitled to receive ratably all dividends, if any, declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for dividends. Upon our dissolution or liquidation or the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidation preferences, if any, the holders of our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock do not have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of common stock are subject to the rights of the holders of our preferred stock.
Liquidation Rights
Upon our dissolution or liquidation or the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidation
preferences, if any, the holders of our common shares are entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution.
Limitations on Ownership

Under Marshall Islands law generally and our Articles of Incorporation, there are no limitations on the right of non-residents of the Marshall Islands or owners who are not citizens of the Marshall Islands to hold or vote our common shares.
Anti-takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws
Several provisions of our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, which are summarized below, may have anti-takeover effects. These provisions are intended to avoid costly takeover battles, lessen our vulnerability to a hostile change of control and enhance the ability of our board of directors to maximize shareholder value in connection with any unsolicited offer to acquire us. However, these anti-takeover provisions, which are summarized below, could also discourage, delay or prevent (1) the merger or acquisition of us by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise that a shareholder may consider in its best interest and (2) the removal of incumbent officers and directors.
Blank check preferred stock
Under the terms of our Articles of Incorporation, our board of directors has authority, without any further vote or action by our shareholders, to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock. Our board of directors may issue preferred shares on terms calculated to discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of us or the removal of our management and might harm the market price of our common shares.
Election and removal of directors
Our Articles of Incorporation prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors. Our Bylaws require parties other than the board of directors to give advance written notice of nominations for the election of directors. Our Articles of Incorporation also provide that our directors may be removed for cause upon the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote for those directors. These provisions may discourage, delay or prevent the removal of incumbent officers and directors.
Limited actions by shareholders
Our Articles of Incorporation and our Bylaws provide that any action required or permitted to be taken by our shareholders must be effected at an annual or special meeting of shareholders or by the unanimous written consent of our shareholders. Our Articles of Incorporation and our Bylaws provide that, unless otherwise prescribed by law, only our Board of Directors may call special meetings of our shareholders and the business transacted at the special meeting is limited to the purposes stated in the notice. If there is a failure to hold the annual meeting within a period of ninety (90) days after the date designated therefor, or if no date has been designated for a period of thirteen (13) months after its last annual meeting, holders of not less than one-fifth of the shares entitled to vote in an election of directors may, in writing, demand the call of a special meeting in lieu of the annual meeting specifying the time thereof, which shall not be less than two (2) nor more than three (3) months from the date of such call.
Advance notice requirements for shareholder proposals and director nominations
Our Bylaws provide that shareholders seeking to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring business before an annual meeting of shareholders must provide timely notice of their proposal in writing to the corporate secretary. Generally, to be timely, a shareholder’s notice must be received at our principal executive offices not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the one year anniversary of the date on which the Company first mailed its proxy materials for the preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders. Our Bylaws also specify requirements as to the form and content of a shareholder’s notice. These provisions may impede shareholders’ ability to bring matters before an annual meeting of shareholders or make nominations for directors at an annual meeting of shareholders.
Classified board of directors
As described above, our Articles of Incorporation provide for the division of our board of directors into three classes of directors, with each class as nearly equal in number as possible, serving staggered three year terms beginning on the expiration of the initial term for each class. Accordingly, approximately one-third of our board of directors will be elected each year. This classified board provision could discourage a third party from making a tender offer for our shares or attempting to obtain control of us. It could also delay shareholders who do not agree with the policies of our board of directors from removing a majority of our board of directors for two years.

Business combinations
Although the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (the “BCA”) does not contain specific provisions regarding “business combinations” between companies organized under the laws of the Marshall Islands and “interested shareholders,” we have included these provisions in our Articles of Incorporation. Specifically, our Articles of Incorporation prohibit us from engaging in a “business combination” with certain persons for three years following the date the person becomes an interested shareholder.
Interested shareholders generally include:

● | any person who is the beneficial owner of 15% or more of our outstanding voting shares; or

● | any person who is our affiliate or associate and who held 15% or more of our outstanding voting shares at any time within three years before the date on which the person’s status as an interested shareholder is determined, and the affiliates and associates of such person.

Subject to certain exceptions, a business combination includes, among other things:

● | certain mergers or consolidations of us or any direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiary of ours;

● | any sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition of our assets or of any subsidiary of ours having an aggregate market value equal to 10% or more of either the aggregate market value of all of our assets, determined on a combined basis, or the aggregate value of all of our outstanding shares;

● | certain transactions that result in the issuance or transfer by us of any shares of ours to the interested shareholder;

● | any transaction involving us or any of our subsidiaries that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of any class or series of stock, or securities convertible into any class or series of stock, of ours or any such subsidiary that is owned directly or indirectly by the interested shareholder or any affiliate or associate of the interested shareholder; and any receipt by the interested shareholder of the benefit directly or indirectly (except proportionately as a shareholder) of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through us.

● | any sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition of our assets or of any subsidiary of ours having an aggregate market value equal to 10% or more of either the aggregate market value of all of our assets, determined on a combined basis, or the aggregate value of all of our outstanding shares;

● | certain transactions that result in the issuance or transfer by us of any shares of ours to the interested shareholder;

● | any transaction involving us or any of our subsidiaries that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of any class or series of stock, or securities convertible into any class or series of stock, of ours or any such subsidiary that is owned directly or indirectly by the interested shareholder or any affiliate or associate of the interested shareholder; and

● | any receipt by the interested shareholder of the benefit directly or indirectly (except proportionately as a shareholder) of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through us.

These provisions of our Articles of Incorporation do not apply to a business combination if:

● | before a person became an interested shareholder, our board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction in which the shareholder became an interested shareholder;

● | upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the shareholder becoming an interested shareholder, the interested shareholder owned at least 85% of our voting shares outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, other than certain excluded shares;

● | at or following the transaction in which the person became an interested shareholder, the business combination is approved by our board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of shareholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of our outstanding voting shares that is not owned by the interest shareholder;

● | the shareholder was or became an interested shareholder prior to the closing of our initial public offering;

● | a shareholder became an interested shareholder inadvertently and (i) as soon as practicable divested itself of ownership of sufficient shares so that the shareholder ceased to be an interested shareholder; and (ii) would not, at any time within the three-year period immediately prior to a business combination between us and such shareholder, have been an interested shareholder but for the inadvertent acquisition of ownership; or the business combination is proposed prior to the consummation or abandonment of and subsequent to the earlier of the public announcement or the notice required under our Articles of Incorporation which (i) constitutes one of the transactions described in the following sentence; (ii) is with or by a person who either was not an interested shareholder during the previous three years or who became an interested shareholder with the approval of the board; and (iii) is approved or not opposed by a majority of the members of the board of directors then in office (but not less than one) who were directors prior to any person becoming an interested shareholder during the previous three years or were recommended for election or elected to succeed such directors by a majority of such directors.

The proposed transactions referred to in the preceding sentence are limited to:

● | a merger or consolidation of us (except for a merger in respect of which, pursuant to the BCA, no vote of our shareholders is required);

● | a sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition (in one transaction or a series of transactions), whether as part of a dissolution or otherwise, of assets of us or of any direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiary of ours (other than to any direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary or to us) having an aggregate market value equal to 50% or more of either the aggregate market value of all of our assets determined on a consolidated basis or the aggregate market value of all the outstanding shares; or

● | a proposed tender or exchange offer for 50% or more of our outstanding voting shares.

Marshall Islands Company Considerations
Our corporate affairs are governed by our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws and by the BCA. The provisions of the BCA resemble provisions of the corporation laws of a number of states in the United States. While the BCA also provides that it is to be interpreted according to the laws of the State of Delaware and other states with substantially similar legislative provisions, there have been few, if any, court cases interpreting the BCA in the Marshall Islands and we cannot predict whether Marshall Islands courts would reach the same conclusions as courts in the United States. As a result, you may have more difficulty protecting your interests in the face of actions by our management, directors or controlling shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a U.S. jurisdiction which has developed a substantial body of case law. The following table provides a comparison between the statutory provisions of the BCA and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware relating to shareholders’ rights.

Marshall Islands | Delaware
Shareholder Meetings
Held at a time and place as designated in the bylaws. | May be held at such time or place as designated in the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws, or if not so designated, as determined by the board of directors.
Special meetings of the shareholders may be called by the board of directors or by such person or persons as may be authorized by the articles of incorporation or by the bylaws. | Special meetings of the shareholders may be called by the board of directors or by such person or persons as may be authorized by the certificate of incorporation or by the bylaws.
May be held within or without the Marshall Islands. | May be held within or without Delaware.
Notice: | Notice:
Whenever shareholders are required to take any action at a meeting, written notice of the meeting shall be given which shall state the |

place, date and hour of the meeting and, unless it is an annual meeting, indicate that it is being issued by or at the direction of the person calling the meeting. Notice of a special meeting shall also state the purpose for which the meeting is called. | Whenever shareholders are required to take any action at a meeting, a written notice of the meeting shall be given which shall state the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, and the means of remote communication, if any.
A copy of the notice of any meeting shall be given personally, sent by mail or by electronic mail not less than 15 nor more than 60 days before the meeting. | Written notice shall be given not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the meeting.
Shareholders’ Voting Rights
Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, any action required to be taken at a meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof, or if the articles of incorporation so provide, by the holders of outstanding shares having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. | Any action required to be taken at a meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting if a consent for such action is in writing and is signed by shareholders having not fewer than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted.
Any person authorized to vote may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy. | Any person authorized to vote may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy.
Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation or bylaws, a majority of shares entitled to vote constitutes a quorum. In no event shall a quorum consist of fewer than one-third of the shares entitled to vote at a meeting. | For stock corporations, the certificate of incorporation or bylaws may specify the number of shares required to constitute a quorum but in no event shall a quorum consist of less than one-third of shares entitled to vote at a meeting. In the absence of such specifications, a majority of shares entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum. However, where a company’s certificate of incorporation provides for more or less than one vote for any share or matter, references to quorum shall refer to the number of votes entitled to be cast.

When a quorum is once present to organize a meeting, it is not broken by the subsequent withdrawal of any shareholders. | When a quorum is once present to organize a meeting, it is not broken by the subsequent withdrawal of any shareholders.
The articles of incorporation may provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors. | The certificate of incorporation may provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors.
Merger or Consolidation
Any two or more domestic corporations may merge into a single corporation if approved by the board and if authorized by a majority vote of the holders of outstanding shares at a shareholder meeting. | Any two or more corporations existing under the laws of the state may merge into a single corporation pursuant to a board resolution and upon the majority vote by shareholders of each constituent corporation at an annual or special meeting.
Any sale, lease, exchange or other disposition of all or substantially all the assets of a corporation, if not made in the corporation’s usual or regular course of business, once approved by the board, shall be authorized by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the shares of those entitled to vote at a shareholder meeting. | Every corporation may at any meeting of the board sell, lease or exchange all or substantially all of its property and assets as its board deems expedient and for the best interests of the corporation when so authorized by a resolution adopted by the holders of a majority of the outstanding stock of the corporation entitled to vote.

Any domestic corporation owning at least 90% of the outstanding shares of each class of another domestic corporation may merge such other corporation into itself without the authorization of the shareholders of any corporation. | Any corporation owning at least 90% of the outstanding shares of each class of another corporation may merge the other corporation into itself and assume all of its obligations without the vote or consent of shareholders; however, in case the parent corporation is not the surviving corporation, the proposed merger shall be approved by a majority of the outstanding stock of the parent corporation entitled to vote at a duly called shareholder meeting.
Any mortgage, pledge of or creation of a security interest in all or any part of the corporate property may be authorized without the vote or consent of the shareholders, unless otherwise provided for in the articles of incorporation. | Any mortgage or pledge of a corporation’s property and assets may be authorized without the vote or consent of shareholders, except to the extent that the certificate of incorporation otherwise provides.
Director
The board of directors must consist of at least one member. | The board of directors must consist of at least one member.
The number of board members may be changed by an amendment to the bylaws, by the shareholders, or by action of the board under the specific provisions of a bylaw. | The number of board members shall be fixed by, or in a manner provided by, the bylaws, unless the certificate of incorporation fixes the number of directors, in which case a change in the number shall be made only by an amendment to the certificate of incorporation.
If the board is authorized to change the number of directors, it can only do so by a majority of the entire board and so long as no decrease in the number shall shorten the term of any incumbent director. | If the number of directors is fixed by the certificate of incorporation, a change in the number shall be made only by an amendment of the certificate. If the number of directors is fixed by the by-laws, it may be changed by an amendment to the by-laws.
Removal: | Removal:
Any or all of the directors may be removed for cause by vote of the shareholders. | Any or all of the directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote unless the certificate of incorporation otherwise provides.
If the articles of incorporation or the bylaws so provide, any or all of the directors may be removed without cause by vote of the shareholders. | In the case of a classified board, shareholders may effect removal of any or all directors only for cause.
Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal

Shareholders have a right to dissent from any plan of merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all assets not made in the usual course of business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting shareholder under the BCA to receive payment of the appraised fair value of his shares shall not be available for the shares of any class or series of stock, which shares or depository receipts in respect thereof, at the record date fixed to determine the shareholders entitled to receive notice of and to vote at the meeting of the shareholders to act upon the agreement of merger or consolidation, were either (i) listed on a securities exchange or admitted for trading on an interdealer quotation system or (ii) held of record by more than 2,000 holders. The right of a dissenting shareholder to receive payment of the fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for its approval the vote of the shareholders of the surviving corporation. | Appraisal rights shall be available for the shares of any class or series of stock of a corporation in a merger or consolidation, subject to limited exceptions, such as a merger or consolidation of corporations listed on a national securities exchange in which listed stock is offered for consideration which is (i) listed on a national securities exchange or (ii) held of record by more than 2,000 holders. Notwithstanding those limited exceptions, appraisal rights will be available if shareholders are required by the terms of an agreement of merger or consolidation to accept certain forms of uncommon consideration.

A holder of any adversely affected shares who does not vote on or consent in writing to an amendment to the articles of incorporation has the right to dissent and to receive payment for such shares if the amendment: | Shareholders do not have appraisal rights due to an amendment of the company’s certificate of incorporation unless provided for in such certificate.
Alters or abolishes any preferential right of any outstanding shares having preference; or |
Creates, alters, or abolishes any provision or right in respect to the redemption of any outstanding shares; or |
Alters or abolishes any preemptive right granted by law and not disseated by the articles of incorporation of such holder to acquire shares or other securities; or |
Excludes or limits the right of such holder to vote on any matter, except as such right may be limited by the voting rights given to new shares then being authorized of any existing or new class. |
Shareholder’s Derivative Actions
Such action shall not be discontinued, compromised or settled, without the approval of the High Court of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. |
Reasonable expenses including attorney’s fees may be awarded if the action is successful. |
A corporation may require a plaintiff bringing a derivative suit to give security for reasonable expenses if the plaintiff owns less than 5% of any class of outstanding shares or holds voting trust certificates or a beneficial interest in shares representing less than 5% of any class of such shares and the shares, voting trust certificates or |
beneficial interest of such plaintiff has a fair value of $50,000 or less. |

Preferred Stock Purchase Rights
We have entered into a Stockholders Rights Agreement, or the Rights Agreement, with Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as Rights Agent.
Under the Rights Agreement, we will declare a dividend payable of one preferred stock purchase right, or Right, for each share of common stock outstanding immediately following the consummation of Diana Shipping’s distribution of our common shares. Each Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from us one one-thousandth of a share of Series A Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, at an exercise price of $40.00 per share. The Rights will separate from the common stock and become exercisable only if a person or group acquires beneficial ownership of 15% or more of our common stock (including through entry into certain derivative positions) in a transaction not approved by our board of directors. In that situation, each holder of a Right (other than the acquiring person, whose Rights will become void and will not be exercisable) will have the right to purchase, upon payment of the exercise price, a number of shares of our common stock having a then-current market value equal to twice the exercise price. In addition, if the Company is acquired in a merger or other business combination after an acquiring person acquires 15% or more of our common stock, each holder of the Right will thereafter have the right to purchase, upon payment of the exercise price, a number of shares of common stock of the acquiring person having a then-current market value equal to twice the exercise price. The acquiring person will not be entitled to exercise these Rights. Until a Right is exercised, the holder of a Right will have no rights to vote or receive dividends or any other stockholder rights.

The Rights may have anti-takeover effects. The Rights will cause substantial dilution to any person or group that attempts to acquire us without the approval of our board of directors. As a result, the overall effect of the Rights may be to render more difficult or discourage any attempt to acquire us. Because our board of directors can approve a redemption of the Rights or a permitted offer, the Rights should not interfere with a merger or other business combination approved by our board of directors.
We have summarized the material terms and conditions of the Rights Agreement and the Rights below. For a complete description of the Rights, we encourage you to read the Rights Agreement, which we have filed as an exhibit hereto.
Detachment of the Rights
The Rights are attached to all certificates representing our currently outstanding common stock, or, in the case of uncertificated common shares registered in book entry form, which we refer to as “book entry shares,” by notation in book entry accounts reflecting ownership, and will attach to all common stock certificates and book entry shares we issue prior to the Rights distribution date that we describe below. The Rights are not exercisable until after the Rights distribution date and will expire 10 years after the date thereof, unless we redeem or exchange them earlier as we describe below. The Rights will separate from the common stock and a Rights distribution date would occur, subject to specified exceptions, on the earlier of the following two dates:

● | the 10th day after public announcement that a person or group has acquired ownership of 15% or more of the Company’s common stock; or

● | the 10th business day (or such later date as determined by the Company’s board of directors) after a person or group announces a tender or exchange offer which would result in that person or group holding 15% or more of the Company’s common stock.

“Acquiring person” is generally defined in the Rights Agreement as any person, together with all affiliates or associates, who beneficially owns 15% or more of the Company’s common stock. However, the Company, any subsidiary of the Company or any employee benefit plan of the Company or of any subsidiary of the Company, or any person holding shares of common stock for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan, are excluded from the definition of “acquiring person.” In addition, persons who beneficially own 15% or more of the Company’s common stock on the effective date of the Rights Agreement are excluded from the definition of “acquiring person” until such time as they acquire additional shares in excess of 2% of the Company’s then outstanding common stock as specified in the Rights Agreement for purposes of the Rights, and therefore, until such time, their ownership cannot trigger the Rights. For purposes of the Stockholders Rights Agreements, Diana Shipping Inc., Tuscany Shipping Corp., Abra Marinvest Inc. and Eleftherios Papatrifon, individually or together with one or more of their respective Affiliates will not be considered an Acquiring Person regardless of the beneficial ownership. Specified “inadvertent” owners that would otherwise become an acquiring person, including those who would have this designation as a result of repurchases of common stock by us, will not become acquiring persons as a result of those transactions.
Our board of directors may defer the Rights distribution date in some circumstances, and some inadvertent acquisitions will not result in a person becoming an acquiring person if the person promptly divests itself of a sufficient number of shares of common stock.
Until the Rights distribution date:

● | our common stock certificates and book entry shares will evidence the Rights, and the Rights will be transferable only with those certificates; and

● | any new common stock will be issued with Rights and new certificates or book entry shares, as applicable, will contain a notation incorporating the Rights Agreement by reference.

As soon as practicable after the Rights distribution date, the Rights agent will mail certificates representing the Rights to holders of record of common stock at the close of business on that date. After the Rights distribution date, only separate Rights certificates will represent the Rights.

We will not issue Rights with any shares of common stock we issue after the Rights distribution date, except as our board of directors may otherwise determine.
Flip-In Event
A “flip-in event” will occur under the Rights Agreement when a person becomes an acquiring person other than pursuant to certain kinds of permitted offers. An offer is permitted under the Rights Agreement if a person will become an acquiring person pursuant to a merger or other acquisition agreement that has been approved by our board of directors prior to that person becoming an acquiring person.
If a flip-in event occurs and we have not previously redeemed the Rights as described under the heading “Redemption of Rights” below or, if the acquiring person acquires less than 50% of our outstanding common stock and we do not exchange the Rights as described under the heading “Exchange of Rights” below, each Right, other than any Right that has become void, as we describe below, will become exercisable at the time it is no longer redeemable for the number of shares of common stock, or, in some cases, cash, property or other of our securities, having a current market price equal to two times the exercise price of such right.
When a flip-in event occurs, all Rights that then are, or in some circumstances that were, beneficially owned by or transferred to an acquiring person or specified related parties will become void in the circumstances the Rights Agreement specifies.
Flip-Over Event
A “flip-over event” will occur under the Rights Agreement when, at any time after a person has become an acquiring person:

● | we are acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction, other than specified mergers that follow a permitted offer of the type we describe above; or

● | 50% or more of our assets or earning power is sold or transferred.

If a flip-over event occurs, each holder of a Right, other than any Right that has become void as we describe under the heading “Flip-In Event” above, will have the right to receive the number of shares of common stock of the acquiring company which has a current market price equal to two times the exercise price of such Right.
Anti-dilution
The number of outstanding Rights associated with our common stock is subject to adjustment for any stock split, stock dividend or subdivision, combination or reclassification of our common stock occurring prior to the Rights distribution date. With some exceptions, the Rights Agreement will not require us to adjust the exercise price of the Rights until cumulative adjustments amount to at least 1% of the exercise price. It also will not require us to issue fractional shares of our Series A Participating Preferred Stock that are not integral multiples of one-thousandth of a share, and, instead we may make a cash adjustment based on the market price of the common stock on the last trading date prior to the date of exercise.
Redemption of Rights
At any time until the date on which the occurrence of a flip-in event is first publicly announced, we may order redemption of the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a redemption price of $0.01 per right. The redemption price is subject to adjustment for any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring before the date of redemption. At our option, we may pay that redemption price in cash or shares of common stock. The Rights are not exercisable after a flip-in event if they are timely redeemed by us or until ten days following the first public announcement of a flip-in event. If our board of directors timely orders the redemption of the Rights, the Rights will terminate on the effectiveness of that action.

Exchange of Rights
We may, at our option, exchange the Rights (other than Rights owned by an acquiring person or an affiliate or an associate of an acquiring person, which have become void), in whole or in part. The exchange will be at an exchange ratio of one share of common stock per right, subject to specified adjustments at any time after the occurrence of a flip-in event and prior to any person other than us or our existing stockholders becoming the beneficial owner of 50% or more of our outstanding common stock for the purposes of the Rights Agreement.
Amendment of Terms of Rights
During the time the Rights are redeemable, we may amend any of the provisions of the Rights Agreement, other than by decreasing the redemption price. Once the Rights cease to be redeemable, we generally may amend the provisions of the Rights Agreement, other than to decrease the redemption price, only as follows:

● | to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;

● | to make changes that do not materially adversely affect the interests of holders of Rights, excluding the interests of any acquiring person; or

● | to shorten or lengthen any time period under the Rights Agreement, except that we cannot lengthen the time period governing redemption or lengthen any time period that protects, enhances or clarifies the benefits of holders of Rights other than an acquiring person.

DESCRIPTION OF OTHER SECURITIES OF THE COMPANY
Series B Preferred Stock
The Series B Preferred Shares entitle the holder thereof the right to vote up to 34% of the total number of votes entitled to be cast for all matters for which our shareholders are entitled to vote on, but will have no economic rights. To the extent the aggregate voting power of any holder of Series B Preferred Shares, together with any affiliate of such holder, would exceed 49% of the total number of votes that may be cast on any matter submitted to a vote of our shareholders, the number of votes of the Series B Preferred Shares shall be automatically reduced so that such holder’s aggregate voting power, together with any affiliate of such holder, is not more than 49%.
Series C Preferred Stock
The Series C Preferred Shares have a cumulative preferred dividend accruing at the rate of 8.0% per annum, contain a $1,000 liquidation preference and are convertible into common shares at the holder’s option commencing upon the first anniversary of the original issue date, at a conversion price equal to the lesser of $1,300 and the 10-trading day trailing VWAP of our common shares, subject to certain adjustments. The holder, however, will be prohibited from converting the Series C Preferred Shares into common shares to the extent that, as a result of such conversion, the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own more than 49% of the total outstanding common shares.
The Series C Preferred Shares will have no voting rights except (1) in respect of amendments to the Articles of Incorporation which would adversely alter the preferences, powers or rights of the Series C Preferred Shares or (2) in the event that we propose to issue any parity stock if the cumulative dividends payable on outstanding Preferred Stock are in arrears or any senior stock.
Dividends on shares of the Series C Preferred Stock will accrue and be cumulative from the date that the shares of the Series C Preferred Stock are originally issued and will be payable on each Dividend Payment Date (as defined below) when, as and if declared by our board of directors or any authorized committee thereof out of legally available funds for such purpose. Dividends will be paid on January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15 (each, a “Dividend Payment Date”) commencing January 15, 2022. If any Dividend Payment Date otherwise would fall on a day that is not a business day, declared dividends will be payable on the next day business day without the accumulation of additional dividends.
The Series C Preferred Stock shall be deemed to rank with respect to dividend distributions and distributions upon a Liquidation Event:

a) Seniority. Senior to (i) all classes of common stock, (ii) any Series A Participating Preferred Stock and any Series B Preferred Stock and (iii) any other class or series of capital stock established after the original issue date of the Series C Preferred Stock, the terms of which expressly provide that it is made junior to the Series C Preferred Stock or any Parity Stock as to the payment of dividends and amounts payable upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, whether voluntary or involuntary (collectively referred to with the Company’s Common Shares as “Junior Stock”);
b) Parity. Equal with any class or series of capital stock established after the original issue date of the Series C Preferred Stock, the terms of which are not expressly subordinated or senior to the Series C Preferred Stock as to the payment of dividends and amounts payable upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, whether voluntary or involuntary (referred to as “Parity Stock”); and
c) Junior. Junior to any class or series of capital stock established after the original issue date of the Series C Preferred Stock, the terms of which expressly provide that it ranks senior to the Series C Preferred Stock as to the payment of dividends and amounts payable upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, whether voluntary or involuntary (referred to as “Senior Stock”), and to all of our indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables.
Series D Preferred Stock
The Series D Preferred Stock has a cumulative preferred dividend accruing at the rate of 7.0% per annum, contain a $1,000 liquidation preference and are convertible into common shares at any time at the holder’s option commencing from the original issue date, at a conversion price equal to the 10-trading day trailing VWAP of our common shares, subject to certain adjustments. Each holder, however, is prohibited from converting its shares of Series D Preferred Stock to the extent that, as a result of such conversion, the holder would beneficially own more than 49% of our total outstanding common shares.
The Series D Preferred Shares will have no voting rights except (1) in respect of amendments to the Articles of Incorporation which would adversely alter the preferences, powers or rights of the holders of Series D Preferred Stock or (2) in the event that we propose to issue any parity stock if the cumulative dividends payable on our outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock are in arrears or any senior stock.
Dividends on shares of the Series D Preferred Stock will accrue and be cumulative from the date that the shares of the Series D Preferred Stock are originally issued and will be payable on each Dividend Payment Date (as defined below) when, as and if declared by our board of directors or any authorized committee thereof out of legally available funds for such purpose. Dividends will be paid on January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15 (each, a “Dividend Payment Date”) commencing October 15, 2022. If any Dividend Payment Date otherwise would fall on a day that is not a business day, declared dividends will be payable on the next day business day without the accumulation of additional dividends.
The Series D Preferred Stock shall be deemed to rank with respect to dividend distributions and distributions upon a Liquidation Event:
a) Seniority. Senior to (i) all classes of common stock, (ii) any Series A Participating Preferred Stock and any Series B Preferred Stock and (iii) any other class or series of capital stock established after the original issue date of the Series D Preferred Stock, the terms of which expressly provide that it is made junior to the Series D Preferred Stock or any Parity Stock as to the payment of dividends and amounts payable upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, whether voluntary or involuntary (collectively referred to with the Company’s Common Shares as “Junior Stock”);
b) Parity. Equal with (i) the Series C Preferred Stock, and (ii) any class or series of capital stock established after the original issue date of the Series D Preferred Stock, the terms of which are not expressly subordinated or senior to the Series D Preferred Stock as to the payment of dividends and amounts payable upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, whether voluntary or involuntary (referred to as “Parity Stock”); and

c) Junior. Junior to any class or series of capital stock established after the original issue date of the Series D Preferred Stock, the terms of which expressly provide that it ranks senior to the Series D Preferred Stock as to the payment of dividends and amounts payable upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, whether voluntary or involuntary (referred to as “Senior Stock”), and to all of our indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables.
Series E Preferred Stock
The Series E Preferred Stock has no dividend or liquidation rights. The Series E Preferred Stock votes with the shares of common stock of the Company, and each share of the Series E Preferred Stock entitles the holder thereof to up to 25,000 votes, on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Company, subject up to 15% of the total number of votes entitled to be cast on matters put to shareholders of the Company. The Series E Preferred Stock is convertible, at the election of the holder, in whole or in part, into shares of our common stock at a conversion price equal to the 10-trading day trailing VWAP of our common stock, subject to certain adjustments, commencing at any time after (i) the cancellation of all of our Series B Preferred Stock or (ii) the transfer for all of our Series B Preferred Stock (collectively, a “Series B Event”). The 15% limitation discussed above, shall terminate upon the occurrence of a Series B Event. The Series E Preferred Stock is transferable only to the holder’s immediate family members and to affiliated persons or entities, with the prior consent of the Company.
Class A Warrants and Class B Warrants
Exercisability. The Class A Warrants and Class B Warrants are exercisable at any time after their original issuance up to the date that is five years after their original issuance. Each of the Class A Warrants and the Class B Warrants are exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice and, at any time a registration statement registering the issuance of the common shares underlying the Class A Warrants and the Class B Warrants under the Securities Act is effective and available for the issuance of such shares, or an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is available for the issuance of such shares, by payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of common shares purchased upon such exercise. If a registration statement registering the issuance of the common shares underlying the Class A Warrants or the Class B Warrants under the Securities Act is not effective or available and an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is not available for the issuance of such shares, the holder may, in its sole discretion, elect to exercise the Class A Warrant or the Class B Warrant through a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of common shares determined according to the formula set forth in the Class A Warrant or the Class B Warrant. No fractional common shares will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Class A Warrant or the Class B Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price.
Exercise Limitation. A holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of the Class A Warrants or the Class B Warrants if the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, upon election by a holder prior to the issuance of any pre-funded warrants, 9.99%) of the number of shares of our common shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the warrants. However, any holder may increase or decrease such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99%, upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us with respect to any increase in such percentage.
Exercise Price. The exercise price per whole common share purchasable upon exercise of the Class B Warrants is $20.20 per share. The exercise price per whole common share purchasable upon exercise of the Class A Warrants is $154.00 per share, as adjusted for the reverse stock splits effected on December 22, 2022 and June 8, 2023. The exercise price and number of common shares issuable upon exercise will adjust in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our common shares.
Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, the Class A Warrants, Class B Warrants and the pre-funded warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without our consent.

Exchange Listing. We do not intend to apply for the listing of the Class A Warrants or the Class B Warrants offered in their respective offerings on any stock exchange. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Class A Warrants and the Class B Warrants will be limited.
Rights as a Shareholder. Except as otherwise provided in the Class A Warrants, Class B Warrants or the pre-funded warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of our common shares, the holder of a Class A Warrant, Class B Warrant or pre-funded warrant does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our common shares, including any voting rights, until the holder exercises the warrant.
Fundamental Transactions. In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the Class A Warrants, Class B Warrants, and the pre-funded warrants and generally including, with certain exceptions, any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our common shares, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding common shares, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding common shares, the holders of the Class A Warrants, Class B Warrants, and the pre-funded warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. Additionally, as more fully described in the Class A Warrants, Class B Warrants, and the pre-funded warrants , in the event of certain fundamental transactions, the holders of the Class A Warrants, Class B Warrants, and the pre-funded warrants will be entitled to receive consideration in an amount equal to the Black Scholes value of the Class A Warrants, Class B Warrants, and the pre-funded warrants on the date of consummation of such transaction.
Governing Law. The Class A Warrants and Class B Warrants and Warrant Agreement are governed by New York law.