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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of consolidation The consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”); include the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows of all subsidiaries and variable interest entities. Intercompany balances, transactions and cash flows are eliminated on consolidation. Liquidity and Going Concern The Company incurred net losses of RMB127,081 in the year ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Working capital deficit was RMB228,224 as of September 30, 2021, respectively. Accumulated deficit was RMB650,633 as of September 30, 2021, respectively. These factors raise substantial doubts about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. On May 17, 2019, the Company entered into a Cooperation Framework Agreement with Beijing Changping Technology Innodevelop Group (BC-TID), an entity owned by the government of Changping District of Beijing City. Under this agreement, BC-TID and the Company planned to have a joint venture entity, which is 51% and 49% owned by BC-TID and the Company, respectively. Both parties decided to use Beijing Origin as the joint venture entity. Based on the agreement, Beijing Origin would contribute the headquarters building in Beijing and certain of its seed technology assets related to genetically modified seeds to the joint venture entity. The Company would transfer out all of Beijing Origin’s other assets. BC-TID would fund the joint venture by injecting into Beijing Origin a total of RMB204 million in cash. Also agreed under this agreement, Beijing Origin would pay off the bank loan of RMB78 million, which is collateralized by the Company’s headquarters building in Beijing, upon receiving the RMB204 million investment from BC-TID. Since the Cooperation Framework Agreement was signed, both parties have been actively involved to complete the formation of joint venture. However, the process has taken longer than originally expected mainly due to the complicated tax related issues with Beijing Origin’s headquarters building and the government approval process. As of January 16, 2022, BC-TID has injected into Beijing Origin a total of RMB137.7 million ($20.2 million) as a loan to Beijing Origin based on the agreement. Currently, the agreement is being finally approved the government officials. The cash amount received by Beijing Origin was used to repay the bank loan collateralized by the headquarters building and provide working capital. According to the agreement, RMB137.7 million cash currently booked as current portion of long-term debt, due in April, 2022, is an interest-free loan and will be converted to the equity for the joint venture when the JV is formed. Also according to the agreement, the Company leases the headquarters building to BC-TID. There are new hybrids completed variety trails and will be in the market this season. Furthermore nutrition enhanced corn will be produced for animal feed which will greatly increase the revenue. Besides the aforementioned cash inflows, the Company is also seeking funds from other resources including but not limited to licensing its core seed traits to its customers, applying for more government grants for research and development activities, pursuing other capital investment from investors and selling certain company assets. The Company consistently reviews its working capital requirements. Despite the Company’s effort to obtain additional funding and reduce operating costs, there is no assurance that the Company’s plans and actions will be successful. In addition, there can be no assurance that in the event additional sources of funds are needed they will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern. Convenience translation into United States dollars The consolidated financial statements are reported in Renminbi. The translation of Renminbi amounts into United States dollar amounts has been made for the convenience of the reader and has been made at the exchange rate quoted by the middle rate by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in China on September 30, 2021 of RMB 6.4854 to US $1.00. Such translation amounts should not be construed as representations that the Renminbi amounts could be readily converted into United States dollar amounts at that rate or any other rate. Use of estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are adjusted to reflect actual experience when necessary. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements include inventory valuation, collectability evaluation of accounts receivables and due from related parties, useful lives of plant and equipment and acquired intangible assets, the valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets, valuation of long-lived assets and share-based compensation expense. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, cash accounts, interest bearing savings accounts, time certificates of deposit and debt securities with a maturities of three months or less when purchased. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined by weighted-average method, or net realizable value. Work-in-progress and finished goods inventories consist of raw materials, direct labor and overhead associated with the manufacturing process. Parent seed represents the seeds that are used for research and development activities. The Company periodically performs an analysis of inventory to determine obsolete or slow-moving inventory and determine if its cost exceeds the estimated market value. Write down of potentially obsolete or slow-moving inventory are recorded based on management’s analysis of inventory levels. Land use rights, net Land use rights are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is provided over the term of the land use right agreements on a straight-line basis for the beneficial period, which is 50 years. Plant and equipment, net Plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives: ​
Plant and building | 20-40 years
Machinery and equipment | 10-15 years
Furniture and office equipment | 5-8 years
Motor vehicles | 5-10 years
Leasehold improvements | Shorter of the useful lives or the lease term
​ The Company constructs certain of its facilities. In addition to costs under construction contracts, external costs directly related to the construction of such facilities, including duty and tariff, and equipment installation and shipping costs, are capitalized. Depreciation is recorded at the time assets are placed in service. ​ Acquired intangible assets, net Acquired intangible assets primarily consist of purchased technology rights and distribution network and are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of these assets and recorded in operating expenses. Amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives for the main acquired intangible assets: ​
|  | ​
Technology rights for licensed seeds | 3-20 years |
Distribution network | 6-14 years | ​
Trademark | Indefinite | ​
​ Trademarks, which have indefinite lives are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment at least annually, at year end date, or earlier upon the occurrence of certain triggering events. The Company has performed an impairment analysis on the acquired intangible assets in Beijing Origin and recorded no impairment provision during the year ended September 30, 2021. Leases The Company leases certain office space and equipment from third-parties. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For leases beginning in 2019 and later, at the inception of a contract management assesses whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. The assessment is based on: (1) whether the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset, (2) whether the right to substantially all the economic benefit from the use of the asset throughout the period is obtained, and (3) whether the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. At the inception of a lease, management allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component based on its relative stand-alone price to determine the lease payments. The Company accounts for lease components (e.g., fixed payments including rent, real estate taxes and insurance costs) separately from the nonlease components (e.g., common-area maintenance costs). Most leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one year or more. The exercise of lease renewal options is at the Company’s sole discretion. Renewal periods are included in the lease term only when renewal is reasonably certain, which is a high threshold and requires management to apply judgment to determine the appropriate lease term. The Company’s leases do not include options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term. Certain lease agreements include rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. All of the Company’s leases are classified as operating leases. The Company has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a term of 12 months or less. The effect of short-term leases and initial direct costs on our right-of-use asset and lease liability was not material. ASC 842 requires the Company to make certain assumptions and judgments in applying the guidance, including determining whether an arrangement includes a lease, determining the term of a lease when the contract has renewal or cancellation provisions, and determining the discount rate. As the rate implicit in the lease is not usually available, the Company used an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the adoption date of ASC 842 in determining the present value of lease payments for existing leases. The Company will use information available at the lease commencement date to determine the discount rate for any new leases. The Company leases certain office space to third-parties. An operating lease is neither a sale nor financing of an asset. The Company keeps the asset underlying the lease on its balance sheet and continue to depreciate the asset based on its estimated useful life. Rental revenue should be recognized on a straight-line basis (or another systematic basis if that basis is more representative of the pattern in which income is earned from the underlying asset over the term of the respective lease). A lessor should record an unbilled rent receivable, which is the amount by which straight-line rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with the lease. Long-term investments We utilize the measurement alternative for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and measure these investments at cost less impairment plus or minus observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. We classify our investments as non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheets as those investments do not have stated contractual maturity dates. We periodically review our equity investments for impairment. We consider impairment indicators such as negative changes in industry and market conditions, financial performance, business prospects, and other relevant events and factors. If indicators exist and the fair value of the security is below the carrying amount, we write down the security to fair value. Valuation of long-lived asset The Company reviews the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used, including other intangible assets subject to amortization, when events and circumstances warrants such a review. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the anticipated undiscounted cash flow from such asset is separately identifiable and is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair market value of the long-lived asset and intangible assets. Fair market value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Losses on long-lived assets and intangible assets to be disposed are determined in a similar manner, except that fair market values are reduced for the cost to dispose. Impairment of RMB26,716 and RMB68,339 were recorded during the years ended September 30, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Revenue recognition The Company derives most of its revenue from hybrid corn seed. The Company adopted ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” and the associated ASUs (collectively, “Topic 606”). The Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for the arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of Topic 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The majority of the Company’s customer contracts, which may be in the form of purchase orders, contracts or purchase agreements, contain performance obligations for delivery of agreed upon goods. Delivery of all performance obligations contained within a contract with a customer typically occurs at the same time. The Company also makes accounting policy elections to 1) treat shipping and handling activities that occur after the customer obtains control of the goods as fulfillment costs and 2) exclude sales (and similar) taxes from the measurement of the transaction price. Government subsidies A government subsidy is not recognized until there is reasonable assurance that: (a) the enterprise will comply with the conditions attached to the grant; and (b) the grant will be received. When the Company received the government subsidies but the conditions attached to the grants have not been fulfilled, such government subsidies are deferred and recorded under other payables and accrued expenses, and other long-term liability. The reclassification of short-term or long-term liabilities is depended on the management’s expectation of when the conditions attached to the grant can be fulfilled. The Company received several financial supports from various levels of the Chinese government. At fiscal years ended 2020 and 2021, the Company had received government subsidies of RMB629 and RMB5,075, respectively for research and development and other expenses of the Company. Government subsidies recognized as the non-operating income (expense) or reduction of research and development in the statement of income for the years ended September 30, 2019, 2020 and 2021, were RMB–nil-, RMB4,761 and RMB13,285, respectively. Contract Liabilities (Deferred Revenues) The Company recognizes a contract liability when consideration is received, or if the Company has the unconditional right to receive consideration, in advance of satisfying the performance obligation. A contract liability is the Company’s obligation to transfer goods to a customer for which the Company has received consideration, or an amount of consideration due from the customer. As of September 30, 2021, the Company recorded deferred revenue of approximately RMB45.8M. The Company expects to recognize these revenues during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2022 and 2023, respectively Cost of revenues Cost of revenues consists of expenses directly related to sales, including the purchase prices and development costs for seeds and, agricultural chemical products, depreciation and amortization, impairment of inventory, shipping and handling costs, salary and compensation, supplies, and license fees. Research and development costs Research and development costs relating to the development of new products and processes, including significant improvements and refinements to existing products, are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs Advertising costs are expensed when incurred and included in selling and marketing expenses. For the years ended September 30, 2019, 2020 and 2021, advertising costs were RMB589, RMB-nil- and RMB-nil-, respectively. Borrowing cost Borrowing costs attributable directly to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets which require a substantial period of time to be ready for their intended use or sale, are capitalized as part of the cost of those assets. Income earned on temporary investments of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on those assets is deducted from borrowing costs capitalized. All other borrowing costs are recognized in interest expenses in the statement of income and comprehensive income in the period in which they are incurred. Allowance for doubtful account The Company regularly monitors and assesses the risk of not collecting amounts owed to the Company by customers. This evaluation is based upon a variety of factors including: an analysis of amounts current and past due along with relevant history and facts particular to the customer. Based on the result of this analysis, the Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts of RMB-nil-, RMB189 and RMB 401 for the years ended September 30, 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. Income taxes Deferred income taxes are recognized for the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements, net of operating loss carry forwards and credits. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities. The Company adopted FASB ASC 740-10. The Company’s policy on classification of all interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as a component of income tax provisions. Foreign currency translation The functional currency of the Company excluding Agritech (Parent) and State Harvest is Renminbi. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than Renminbi are translated into Renminbi at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than Renminbi are converted into Renminbi at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss). The functional currency of Agritech (Parent) and State Harvest are maintained in United State dollars. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates at the balance sheet date, equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates and revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated using the average rate for the period. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulative translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive (loss)/income. The Company has chosen Renminbi as its reporting currency. Comprehensive income (loss) Comprehensive income (loss) is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Comprehensive income (loss) for the years has been disclosed within the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for presentational purpose of the disclosure of comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Agritech and the non-controlling interests respectively. Earnings (loss) per share Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the years. Diluted earnings (loss) per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the years. The weighted average number of common shares outstanding is adjusted to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential common shares had been issued. In computing the dilutive effect of potential common shares, the average stock price for the period is used in determining the number of treasury shares assumed to be purchased with the proceeds from the exercise of options. Share-based compensation ASC 718-10 requires that share-based payment transactions with employees and nonemployees, such as share options, be measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instrument issued and recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period, with a corresponding addition to equity. Under this method, compensation cost related to employee share options or similar equity instruments is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, which generally is the vesting period. Fair value measurement The Company adopted FASB ASC 820-10, and which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820-10 does not require any new fair value measurements, but provides guidance on how to measure fair value by providing a fair value hierarchy used to classify the source of the information. ASC 820-10 establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy of valuation techniques based on observable and unobservable inputs, which may be used to measure fair value and include the following: Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Recently issued accounting pronouncements
| ● | In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326) amends guideline on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities. For assets held at amortized cost basis, Topic 326 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold in current GAAP and, instead, requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. For available-for-sale debt securities, credit losses should be measured in a manner similar to current GAAP, however Topic 326 will require that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. ASU No. 2016-13 affects entities holding financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. The amendments affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. The amendments in this ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 on its consolidated financial statements.
The Company believes that other recent accounting pronouncement updates will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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