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Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Notes to Financial Statements |
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] | NOTE 3 - SUMMARY OF SIGNFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of presentation The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Principles of consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Atrinsic, Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiary, Protagenic Acquisition Corp, and Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc., which merged with and into Protagenic Acquisition Corp, on February 12, 2016, as well as Protagenic Therapeutics’ wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary, PTI Canada. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. Use of estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates underlying the consolidated financial statements include the allocation of the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities associated with the Merger, income tax provisions, impairment of goodwill, valuation of stock options and warrants and assessment of deferred tax asset valuation allowance. Concentrations of Credit Risk The Company maintains its cash accounts at financial institutions which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"). At times, the Company may have deposits in excess of federally insured limits. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not have any cash equivalents. Equipment Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost includes expenditures for computer equipment. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When assets are sold, retired, or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. The cost of equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets which is 3 years. Depreciation expense was not material for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company is required to perform impairment reviews annually and more frequently in certain circumstances. The Company performs the annual assessment on December 31. In accordance with ASC 350–20 “ Goodwill ”, the Company is able to make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount before applying the two–step goodwill impairment test. If the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is not less than its carrying amount it is not required to perform the two–step impairment test for that reporting unit. Atrinsic’s assets and liabilities acquired in the Merger had a minimal value therefore the Company recorded the fair value of shares given to predecessor stockholders as goodwill. Immediately subsequent to the merger the Company fully impaired the goodwill, in as the predecessor business had limited operations. The allocation of the consideration transferred is as follows:
Shares issued in connection with Merger: |  |  |  |
Atrinsic 25,867 shares Common stock |  | $ | 32,334 |
Atrinsic Series A preferred stock as converted to Series B preferred stock, 297,468 shares |  |  | 371,835 |
Total value of shares issued to Atrinsic on Merger |  |  | 404,169 |
Fair value of net assets identified |  |  | - |
Goodwill |  |  | 404,169 |
Net value of consideration |  | $ | - |
Goodwill impairment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $404,169. Fair Value Measurements Accounting Standards Codification ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure,” defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, not adjusted for transaction costs. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels giving the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels are described below: Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that is accessible by the Company; Level 2 Inputs – Quoted prices in markets that are not active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; Level 3 Inputs – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability including significant assumptions of the Company and other market participants. The carrying amount of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, such as cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments. Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm's-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive, free-market dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions were consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm's-length transactions unless such representations can be substantiated. The assets or liability’s fair value measurement within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following table provides a summary of financial instruments that are measured at fair value as of December 31, 2016.
|  | Carrying |  |  | Fair Value Measurement Using |
|  | Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Derivative warrants liabilities |  | $ | 516,870 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 516,870 |  |  | $ | 516,870 |
The table below provides a summary of the changes in fair value, including net transfers in and/or out, of all financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the year ended December 31, 2016:
|  | Fair Value Measurement Using Level 3 Inputs |
|  | Total |
Balance, December 31, 2015 |  | $ | — |
Reclassification of warrants to derivative liabilities from equity |  |  | 487,425 |
Change in fair value of derivative warrants liabilities |  |  | 29,445 |
Balance, December 31, 2016 |  | $ | 516,870 |
The fair value of the derivative feature of the 127,346 and 295,945 warrants to the placement agent of the private offering and to Strategic Bio Partners for debt cancellation, respectively on the issuance dates and at the balance sheet date were calculated using a Black-Scholes option model valued with the following average assumptions:
|  | February 12, 2016 |  |  | December 31, 2016 |
Exercise price |  | $ | 1.25 |  |  | $ | 1.25 |
Risk free interest rate |  |  | 1.20 | % |  |  | 1.93 | %
Dividend yield |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.00 | %
Expected volatility |  |  | 156 | % |  |  | 219 | %
Contractual term (in years) |  |  | 5.0 |  |  |  | 4.25 |
Risk-free interest rate: The Company uses the risk-free interest rate of a U.S. Treasury Note with a similar expected term on the date of the grant. Dividend yield: The Company uses a 0% expected dividend yield as the Company has not paid dividends to date and does not anticipate declaring dividends in the near future. Volatility: The Company calculates the expected volatility of the stock price based on the corresponding volatility of the Company’s peer group stock price for a period consistent with the warrants’ expected term. Expected term: The Company’s expected term is based on the remaining contractual maturity of the warrants. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company marked the derivative feature of the warrants to fair value and recorded a loss of $29,445 relating to the change in fair value. During the year ended December 31, 2016, there was a full impairment of Goodwill which arose at the time of the reverse business combination in the amount of $404,169, a level 3 measurement. Derivative Liability The Company evaluates its options, warrants or other contracts, if any, to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for in accordance with ASC 815 - 10 - 05 - 4 and 815 - 40 - 25. The result of this accounting treatment is that the fair value of the embedded derivative is marked-to-market each balance sheet date and recorded as either an asset or a liability. In the event that the fair value is recorded as a liability, the change in fair value is recorded in the consolidated statement of operations as other income or expense. Upon conversion, exercise or cancellation of a derivative instrument, the instrument is marked to fair value at the date of conversion, exercise or cancellation and then the related fair value is reclassified to equity. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is re-assessed at the end of each reporting period. Equity instruments that are initially classified as equity that become subject to reclassification are reclassified to liability at the fair value of the instrument on the reclassification date. Derivative instrument liabilities will be classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement of the derivative instrument is expected within 12 months of the balance sheet date. Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock based compensation costs under the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation”, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense related to the fair value of stock based compensation awards that are ultimately expected to vest. Stock based compensation expense recognized includes the compensation cost for all stock based payments granted to employees, officers, and directors based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718. ASC. 718 is also applied to awards modified, repurchased, or canceled during the periods reported. Stock-Based Compensation for Non-Employees The Company accounts for warrants and options issued to non-employees under ASC 505 - 50, Equity – Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The value of such non-employee awards unvested are re-measured over the vesting terms at each reporting date. Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) per Common Share Basic (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for each period. Diluted (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the dilutive effect of shares issuable through the common stock equivalents.
|  | Potentially Outstanding Dilutive Common Shares |
|  | For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 |  |  | For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 |
Conversion Feature Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common shares issuable under the conversion feature of preferred shares |  |  | 872,766 |  |  |  | - |
Stock Option |  |  | 2,484,445 |  |  |  | 1,707,744 |
Warrant |  |  | 3,826,658 |  |  |  | 3,403,367 |
Total potentially outstanding dilutive common shares |  |  | 7,183,869 |  |  |  | 5,111,111 |
Foreign Currency Translation The Company follows Section 830 - 10 - 45 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“Section 830 - 10 - 45”) for foreign currency translation to translate the financial statements of the foreign subsidiary from the functional currency, generally the local currency, into U.S. Dollars. Section 830 - 10 - 45 sets out the guidance relating to how a reporting entity determines the functional currency of a foreign entity (including of a foreign entity in a highly inflationary economy), re-measures the books of record (if necessary), and characterizes transaction gains and losses. Pursuant to Section 830 - 10 - 45, the assets, liabilities, and operations of a foreign entity shall be measured using the functional currency of that entity. An entity’s functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates; normally, that is the currency of the environment, or local currency, in which an entity primarily generates and expends cash. The functional currency of each foreign subsidiary is determined based on management’s judgment and involves consideration of all relevant economic facts and circumstances affecting the subsidiary. Generally, the currency in which the subsidiary transacts a majority of its transactions, including billings, financing, payroll and other expenditures, would be considered the functional currency, but any dependency upon the parent and the nature of the subsidiary’s operations must also be considered. If a subsidiary’s functional currency is deemed to be the local currency, then any gain or loss associated with the translation of that subsidiary’s financial statements is included in accumulated other comprehensive income. However, if the functional currency is deemed to be the U.S. Dollar, then any gain or loss associated with the re-measurement of these financial statements from the local currency to the functional currency would be included in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income (loss). If the Company disposes of foreign subsidiaries, then any cumulative translation gains or losses would be recorded into the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income (loss). If the Company determines that there has been a change in the functional currency of a subsidiary to the U.S. Dollar, any translation gains or losses arising after the date of change would be included within the statement of income and comprehensive income (loss). Based on an assessment of the factors discussed above, the management of the Company determined the relevant subsidiary’s local currency to be the functional currency for its foreign subsidiary. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014 - 09 (ASU 2014 - 09), Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2014 - 09 will eliminate transaction- and industry-specific revenue recognition guidance under current GAAP and replace it with a principle based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014 - 09 will require that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract. ASU 2014 - 09 also will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014 - 09 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Entities will be able to transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The adoption of ASU 2014 - 09 is not expected to have any impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures. In August 2014, the FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) issued ASU No. 2014 - 15, “Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205 - 40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern.” ASU 2014 - 15 provides guidance on management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an organization’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. For each reporting period, management will be required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about a company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date the financial statements are issued. The amendments in ASU 2014 - 15 are effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual and interim periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has elected to adopt the methodologies prescribed by ASU 2014 - 15. The adoption of ASU 2014 - 15 had no material effect on its financial position or results of operations. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No 2015 - 17, Income Taxes (Topic 740). The amendments in ASU 2015 - 17 change the requirements for the classification of deferred taxes on the balance sheet. Currently, GAAP requires an entity to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in a classified statement of financial position. To simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes, the amendments in this ASU require that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. Earlier application is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company does not believe the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016 - 02, Leases. The main provisions of ASU No. 2016 - 02 require management to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for all leases. ASU 2016 - 02 retains a distinction between finance leases and operating leases. The classification criteria for distinguishing between finance leases and operating leases are substantially similar to the classification criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases in the previous leases guidance. The result of retaining a distinction between finance leases and operating leases is that under the lessee accounting model, the effect of leases in the statement of comprehensive income and the statement of cash flows is largely unchanged from previous GAAP. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. On March 30, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016 - 09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation" which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions for both public and nonpublic entities, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. For public business entities, the ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption will be permitted in any interim or annual period for which financial statements have not yet been issued or have not been made available for issuance. If early adoption is elected, all amendments in the ASU that apply must be adopted in the same period. In addition, if early adoption is elected in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the annual period that includes that interim period. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016 - 15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” (“ASU 2016 - 15”). ASU 2016 - 15 will make eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016 - 15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The new standard will require adoption on a retrospective basis unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case it would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016 - 16, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory”, which eliminates the exception that prohibits the recognition of current and deferred income tax effects for intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory until the asset has been sold to an outside party. The updated guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the update is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016 - 18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)”, requiring that the statement of cash flows explain the change in the total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods therein, beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted. The provisions of this guidance are to be applied using a retrospective approach which requires application of the guidance for all periods presented. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016 - 20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. The amendments in this Update affect the guidance in Update 2014 - 09, which is not yet effective. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments are the same as the effective date and transition requirements for Topic 606 (and any other Topic amended by Update 2014 - 09). Accounting Standards Update No. 2015 - 14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date , defers the effective date of Update 2014 - 09 by one year.

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