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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Basis of presentation | Basis of presentation The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Use of estimates | Use of estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates underlying the consolidated financial statements include valuation of stock options and warrants and assessment of deferred tax asset valuation allowance.
Concentrations of Credit Risk | Concentrations of Credit Risk The Company maintains its cash accounts at financial institutions which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. At times, the Company may have deposits in excess of federally insured limits. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has bank balances that exceed the federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts and management believes, based upon the quality of the financial institutions, that the credit risk with regard to these deposits is not significant. Funds held in the Company’s marketable securities are not insured.
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 the Company did not have any cash equivalents.
Marketable Securities | Marketable Securities The Company accounts for marketable debt securities, the only type of securities it owns, in accordance with the FASB Accounting Standards Codification 320, Investments – Debt and Equity Securities (“ASC 320”). Pursuant to ASC 320-10-35-1, investments in debt securities that are classified as available for sale shall be measured subsequently at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets at each balance sheet date. Unrealized holding gains and losses for available-for-sale securities (including those classified as current assets) shall be excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income until realized. During the year ended December 31, 2023 the Company purchased $2,764,250 and sold $7,689,507 in marketable securities with a realized loss of $630,317, which includes a $489,120 reclassification of realized losses from other comprehensive income, and an unrealized gain of $16,848. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company owned marketable securities with a total fair value of $2,768,119 and $7,763,517, respectively.
Equipment | Equipment Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost includes expenditures for computer equipment and lab equipment. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When assets are sold, retired, or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. The cost of equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets which is three years. Depreciation expense was $28,218 and $30 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure,” defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, not adjusted for transaction costs. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels giving the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels are described below: Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that is accessible by the Company; Level 2 Inputs – Quoted prices in markets that are not active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; Level 3 Inputs – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability including significant assumptions of the Company and other market participants. The carrying amount of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, such as cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value because of the short term maturity of those instruments. Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive, free-market dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions were consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s-length transactions unless such representations can be substantiated. The assets or liability’s fair value measurement within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following table provides a summary of financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023. SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED ON RECURRING BASIC
|  | Carrying |  |  | Fair Value Measurement Using |
|  | Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Marketable securities |  | $ | 2,768,119 |  |  | $ | 2,768,119 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,768,119 |
The following table provides a summary of financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022.
|  | Carrying |  |  | Fair Value Measurement Using |
|  | Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Marketable securities |  | $ | 7,763,517 |  |  | $ | 7,763,517 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,763,517 |
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation costs under the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation”, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense related to the fair value of stock-based compensation awards that are ultimately expected to vest. Stock based compensation expense recognized includes the compensation cost for all stock-based payments granted to employees, officers, non-employees, and directors based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718. ASC 718 is also applied to awards modified, repurchased, or cancelled during the periods reported. If any award granted under the Company’s 2016 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2016 Plan”) payable in shares of common stock is forfeited, cancelled, or returned for failure to satisfy vesting requirements, otherwise terminates without payment being made, or if shares of common stock are withheld to cover withholding taxes on options or other awards, the number of shares of common stock as to which such option or award was forfeited, or which were withheld, will be available for future grants under the 2016 Plan. The Company recognizes the impact of forfeitures when they occur.
Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) per Common Share | Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) per Common Share Basic (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for each period. Diluted (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the dilutive effect of shares issuable through the common stock equivalents. The effect of dilution on net loss becomes anti-dilutive and therefore is not reflected on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. SCHEDULE OF ANTI-DILUTIVE SECURITIES EXCLUDED FROM COMPUTATION OF EARNINGS PER SHARE
|  | Potentially Outstanding Dilutive Common Shares |
|  | For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 |  |  | For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 |
Conversion Feature Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock Options |  |  | 1,357,466 |  |  |  | 1,357,466 |
Warrants |  |  | 942,566 |  |  |  | 1,537,158 |
Convertible Notes |  |  | - |  |  |  | 86,000 |
Total potentially outstanding dilutive common shares |  |  | 2,300,032 |  |  |  | 2,980,624 |
Research and Development | Research and Development Research and development expenses are charged to operations as incurred.
Foreign Currency Translation | Foreign Currency Translation The Company follows ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters (“ASC 830”) for foreign currency translation to translate the financial statements of the foreign subsidiary from the functional currency, generally the local currency, into U.S. Dollars. ASC 830-10-45 sets out the guidance relating to how a reporting entity determines the functional currency of a foreign entity (including of a foreign entity in a highly inflationary economy), re-measures the books of record (if necessary), and characterizes transaction gains and losses. Pursuant to ASC 830-10-45, the assets, liabilities, and operations of a foreign entity shall be measured using the functional currency of that entity. An entity’s functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates; normally, that is the currency of the environment, or local currency, in which an entity primarily generates and expends cash. The functional currency of each foreign subsidiary is determined based on management’s judgment and involves consideration of all relevant economic facts and circumstances affecting the subsidiary. Generally, the currency in which the subsidiary transacts a majority of its transactions, including billings, financing, payroll and other expenditures, would be considered the functional currency, but any dependency upon the parent and the nature of the subsidiary’s operations must also be considered. If a subsidiary’s functional currency is deemed to be the local currency, then any gain or loss associated with the translation of that subsidiary’s financial statements is included in accumulated other comprehensive income. However, if the functional currency is deemed to be the U.S. Dollar, then any gain or loss associated with the re-measurement of these financial statements from the local currency to the functional currency would be included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). If the Company disposes of foreign subsidiaries, then any cumulative translation gains or losses would be recorded into the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). If the Company determines that there has been a change in the functional currency of a subsidiary to the U.S. Dollar, any translation gains or losses arising after the date of change would be included within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Based on an assessment of the factors discussed above, the management of the Company determined its subsidiary’s local currency (i.e. the Canadian dollar) to be the functional currency for its foreign subsidiary.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13), which requires an entity to utilize a new impairment model known as the current expected credit loss (CECL) model to estimate its lifetime “expected credit loss” and record an allowance that, when deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets and certain other instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires a cumulative effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates, which defers the effective date of ASU 2016-13 to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 for all entities except SEC reporting companies that are not smaller reporting companies. ASU 2016-13 became effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2023. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, which simplifies the guidance on the issuer’s accounting for convertible debt instruments by removing the separation models for convertible debt with a cash conversion feature and convertible instruments with a beneficial conversion feature. As a result, entities will not separately present in equity an embedded conversion feature in such debt and will account for a convertible debt instrument wholly as debt, unless certain other conditions are met. The elimination of these models will reduce reported interest expense and increase reported net income for entities that have issued a convertible instrument that is within the scope of ASU 2020-06. Also, ASU 2020-06 requires the application of the if-converted method for calculating diluted earnings per share and treasury stock method will be no longer available. ASU 2020-06 is applicable for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company believes the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on its financial statements.

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