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Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements | 6 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |  |
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS | NOTE 3 – FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS FASB ASC 820 - Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. FASB ASC 820 requires disclosures about the fair value of all financial instruments, whether or not recognized, for financial statement purposes. Disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments are based on pertinent information available to the Company on June 30, 2022. Accordingly, the estimates presented in these financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized on disposition of the financial instruments. FASB ASC 820 specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement).
| Level 1 - | Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.
| Level 2 - | Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
| Level 3 - | Inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.
The Company analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under the FASB’s accounting standard for such instruments. Under this standard, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair market value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments. Equity Investments at Fair Value The Company accounted for certain equity investments at fair value using level 1, level 2 and level 3 valuations. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
|  | At June 30, 2022 |  |  | At December 31, 2021 |
Description |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Equity investments consisting of common stock, at fair value |  | $ | 113,012 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 419,995 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
The following table summarizes activity in the Company’s equity investments, at fair value for the periods presented:
|  | June 30, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
Balance, beginning |  | $ | 419,995 |  |  | $ | — |
Additions |  |  | 85,733 |  |  |  | 531,250 |
Sales at original cost |  |  | (171,407 | ) |  |  | (359,843 | )
Unrealized (loss) gain |  |  | (221,309 | ) |  |  | 248,588 |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 |  | $ | 113,012 |  |  | $ | 419,995 |
During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company received 77,939 shares of Home Bistro, Inc. common stock with grant date fair value of $85,733 or $1.10 per share, in exchange for entering into a lock up and leak out agreement which was recorded as other income from equity shares earned for services in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Company measures equity securities received for services at fair value on the date of receipt. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company sold its equity investments in Aikido Pharma, Inc. with cost of $171,407 for gross proceeds of $66,707 and the Company recorded a net realized loss on equity investments amounting to $104,700 as reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, equity investments, at fair value consisted of common equity securities of two entities, Home Bistro, Inc. and Aikido Pharma, Inc. (see Note 8). Equity investments are carried at fair value with unrealized gains or losses which is recorded as net unrealized gain (loss) on equity investments in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. Realized gains and losses are determined on a specific identification basis which is recorded as net realized gain (loss) on equity investments in the consolidated statement of operations. The Company reviews equity investments, at fair value for impairment whenever circumstances and situations change such that there is an indication that the carrying amounts may not be recovered. ASC 825-10 “Financial Instruments” allows entities to voluntarily choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (fair value option). The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable, unless a new election date occurs. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized gains and losses for that instrument should be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The Company did not elect to apply the fair value option to any outstanding equity instruments. Equity Investments at Cost At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company did not have non-marketable capital stock and stock warrants, recorded at cost. | NOTE 3 – FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS FASB ASC 820 - Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. FASB ASC 820 requires disclosures about the fair value of all financial instruments, whether or not recognized, for financial statement purposes. Disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments are based on pertinent information available to the Company on December 31, 2021. Accordingly, the estimates presented in these financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized on disposition of the financial instruments. FASB ASC 820 specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement).
Level 1- | Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.
Level 2- | Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3- | Inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.
The Company analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under the FASB’s accounting standard for such instruments. Under this standard, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair market value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments. Equity Investments at Fair Value The Company accounted for certain equity investments at fair value using level 1, level 2 and level 3 valuations. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows at December 31, 2021 and 2020:
|  | At December 31, 2021 |  |  | At December 31, 2020 |
Description |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Equity investments consisting of common stock, at fair value |  | $ | 419,995 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
The following table summarizes activity in the Company’s equity investments, at fair value for the periods presented:
|  | December 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Balance, beginning of the year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Additions |  |  | 531,250 |  |  |  | — |
Sales |  |  | (359,843 | ) |  |  | — |
Unrealized gain |  |  | 248,588 |  |  |  | — |
Balance, end of the year |  | $ | 419,995 |  |  | $ | — |
At December 31, 2021, equity investments, at fair value consisted of common equity securities of two entities, Home Bistro, Inc and Aikido Pharma, Inc. (see Note 10). Equity investments are carried at fair value with unrealized gains or losses which is recorded as net unrealized gain (loss) on equity investments in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. Realized gains and losses are determined on a specific identification basis which is recorded as net realized gain (loss) on equity investments in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. The Company reviews equity investments, at fair value for impairment whenever circumstances and situations change such that there is an indication that the carrying amounts may not be recovered. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded a net realized gain on equity investments of $6,660,483 primarily attributed to a gain from the sale of the Company’s equity investment in DatChat, Inc. of $6,657,120 and Aikido Pharma, Inc. of $3,363. DatChat, Inc. was a cost basis investment carried at $200 at December 31, 2020 (see below). The Company paid a commission on the sale of DatChat, Inc. totaling $578,880 which was netted with the proceeds. ASC 825-10 “Financial Instruments” allows entities to voluntarily choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (fair value option). The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable, unless a new election date occurs. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized gains and losses for that instrument should be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The Company did not elect to apply the fair value option to any outstanding equity instruments. Equity Investments at Cost At December 31, 2021 and 2020, equity investments, at cost of $0 and $200, respectively, comprised mainly of non-marketable capital stock and stock warrants, are recorded at cost, as adjusted for other than temporary impairment write-downs and are evaluated for impairment periodically.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126976982&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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