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4. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] |
4. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET | Property, plant and equipment, net consist of the following:
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
At cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mineral rights |  | $ | 2,955,780 |  |  | $ | 2,764,462 |
Buildings |  |  | 64,024,667 |  |  |  | 59,880,567 |
Plant and machinery |  |  | 258,400,710 |  |  |  | 234,669,007 |
Motor vehicles |  |  | 6,553 |  |  |  | 6,129 |
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment |  |  | 3,318,564 |  |  |  | 3,235,736 |
Construction in process |  |  | 12,095,565 |  |  |  | 1,204,742 |
Total |  |  | 340,801,839 |  |  |  | 301,760,643 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  | (173,212,554 | ) |  |  | (146,330,705 | )
Impairment |  |  | (18,641,596 | ) |  |  | (17,434,989 | )
Net book value |  | $ | 148,947,689 |  |  | $ | 137,994,949 |
The Company has certain buildings and salt pans erected on parcels of land located in Shouguang, PRC, and such parcels of land are collectively owned by local townships or the government authority. The Company has not been able to obtain property ownership certificates over these buildings and salt pans. The aggregate carrying values of these properties situated on parcels of the land are $19,302,600 and $19,894,947 as at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2020, depreciation and amortization expense totaled $15,982,485 of which $5,512,920, $815,605 and $9,653,960 were recorded in direct labor and factory overheads incurred during plant shutdown, administrative expenses and cost of net revenue respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2019, depreciation and amortization expense totaled $13,991,583 of which $ 10,796,085, $848,345 and $2,347,153 were recorded in direct labor and factory overheads incurred during plant shutdown, administrative expenses and cost of net revenue respectively. There were no impairment losses recorded in the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. The increase in the impairment of $1,206,607 from $17,434,989 at December 30, 2019 was due to currency translation adjustment.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 958 -SubTopic 360 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120429125&loc=d3e99893-112916 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 360 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155823 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 958 -SubTopic 360 -Section 50 -Paragraph 7 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120429125&loc=SL120174063-112916 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 958 -SubTopic 360 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120429125&loc=d3e99779-112916 + Details
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