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SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2012
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES A summary of the significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements follows. Business and Basis of Presentation On September 16, 2002, Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”, “we”, “our” or “us”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada. Effective December 17, 2008, the Company reincorporated from the State of Nevada to the State of Delaware. The Company is principally devoted to developing DNA embedded biotechnology security solutions in the United States and Europe. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Applied DNA Operations Management, Inc., APDN (B.V.I.) Inc. and Applied DNA Sciences Europe Limited, which currently have no operations. Significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made in prior year’s financial statements to conform with the current year’s financial statements’ presentation. Revenue Recognition Revenues are derived from research, development, qualification and production testing for certain commercial products. Revenue from fixed price testing contracts is generally recorded upon completion of the contracts, which are generally short-term, or upon completion of identifiable contractual tasks. At the time the Company enters into a contract that includes multiple tasks, the Company estimates the amount of actual labor and other costs that will be required to complete each task based on historical experience. Revenues are recognized which provide for a profit margin relative to the testing performed. Revenue relative to each task and from contracts which are time and materials based is recorded as effort is expended. Billings in excess of amounts earned are deferred. Any anticipated losses on contracts are charged to income when identified. To the extent management does not accurately forecast the level of effort required to complete a contract, or individual tasks within a contract, and the Company is unable to negotiate additional billings with a customer for cost over-runs, the Company may incur losses on individual contracts. All selling, general and administrative costs are treated as period costs and expensed as incurred. For revenue from product sales, the Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 605-10, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605-10”). ASC 605-10 requires that four basic criteria must be met before revenue can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred; (3) the selling price is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Determination of criteria (3) and (4) are based on management’s judgments regarding the fixed nature of the selling prices of the products delivered and the collectability of those amounts. Provisions for allowances and other adjustments are provided for in the same period the related sales are recorded. The Company defers any revenue for which the product has not been delivered or is subject to refund until such time that the Company and the customer jointly determine that the product has been delivered or no refund will be required. At September 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company did not record any deferred revenue for the respective periods. Cash Equivalents For the purpose of the accompanying consolidated financial statements, all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. Accounts Receivable The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts equal to the estimated uncollectible amounts. The Company’s estimate is based on historical collection experience and a review of the current status of trade accounts receivable. It is reasonably possible that the Company’s estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts will change. At September 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company has deemed that no allowance for doubtful accounts was necessary. The Company writes-off receivables that are deemed uncollectible. Income Taxes The Company has adopted Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 740-10, Income Taxes (“ASC 740-10”) which requires the recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statement or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Temporary differences between taxable income reported for financial reporting purposes and income tax purposes include, but not limited to, accounting for intangibles, debt discounts associated with convertible debt, equity based compensation and depreciation and amortization. The adoption of ASC 740-10 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives of 3 to 5 years using the straight line method. At September 30, 2012 and 2011, property and equipment consist of:
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Computer equipment |  | $ | 33,464 |  |  | $ | 33,464 |
Lab equipment |  |  | 296,904 |  |  |  | 146,101 |
Furniture |  |  | 132,435 |  |  |  | 120,405 |
Total |  |  | 462,803 |  |  |  | 299,970 |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | 251,958 |  |  |  | 210,862 |
Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 210,845 |  |  | $ | 89,108 |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company has adopted Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 360-10, Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360-10”). ASC 360-10 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles held and used by the Company be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates its long lived assets for impairment annually or more often if events and circumstances warrant. Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business conditions, recurring losses, or a forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period. The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets based upon forecasted undiscounted cash flows. Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying value of intangible assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and ultimate disposition of the asset. ASC 360-10 also requires assets to be disposed of be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less costs to sell. Comprehensive Income The Company does not have any items of comprehensive income in any of the years presented. Segment Information The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification subtopic Segment Reporting 280-10 (“ASC 280-10”). ASC 280-10 establishes standards for reporting information regarding operating segments in annual financial statements and requires selected information for those segments to be presented in interim financial reports issued to stockholders. ASC 280-10 also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services and geographic areas. Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision- making group, in making decisions how to allocate resources and assess performance. The information disclosed herein, materially represents all of the financial information related to the Company’s single principal operating segment. Net Loss Per Share The Company has adopted Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 260-10, Earnings Per Share (“ASC 260-10”) which specifies the computation, presentation and disclosure requirements of earnings per share information. Basic earnings per share have been calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Dilutive common stock equivalents consist of shares issuable upon conversion of convertible notes and the exercise of the Company’s stock options and warrants. For the years ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, common stock equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of the diluted loss per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive. Fully diluted shares outstanding were 692,328,470 and 540,969,602 for the years ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Stock Based Compensation The Company follows Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 718-10, Compensation (“ASC 718-10”) which requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values. Stock-based compensation expense recognized under ASC 718-10 for the years ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 was $1,953,844 and $1,485,068, respectively. As of September 30, 2012, 125,208,825 employee stock options were outstanding with 97,196,325 shares vested and exercisable. Concentrations Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company places its cash and temporary cash investments with high credit quality institutions. At times, such investments may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit. The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the years ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 included an aggregate of 54% and 53%, respectively, from two and three customers, respectively of the Company’s total revenues. Two and four customers accounted for the Company’s 54% and 77% of total accounts receivable at September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Research and Development The Company accounts for research and development costs in accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 730-10, Research and Development (“ASC 730-10”). Under ASC 730-10, all research and development costs must be charged to expense as incurred. Accordingly, internal research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Third-party research and development costs are expensed when the contracted work has been performed or as milestone results have been achieved. Company-sponsored research and development costs related to both present and future products are expensed in the period incurred. The Company incurred research and development expenses of $432,669 and $268,876 for the years ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Advertising The Company follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred. The Company charged to operations $97,877 and $131,938 as advertising costs for the years ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Intangible Assets The Company amortizes its intangible assets using the straight-line method over their estimated period of benefit. The estimated useful life for patents is five years while other intellectual property uses a seven year useful life. We periodically evaluate the recoverability of intangible assets and take into account events or circumstances that warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that indicate that impairment exists. All of our intangible assets are subject to amortization. Fair Value of Financial Instruments In the first quarter of fiscal year 2008, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 820-10, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820-10”). ASC 820-10 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and enhances fair value measurement disclosure. ASC 820-10 delayed, until the first quarter of fiscal year 2009, the effective date for ASC 820-10 for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). The adoption of ASC 820-10 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or operations. Effective October 1, 2008, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 820-10, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820-10”) and Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 825-10, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825-10”), which permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. Neither of these statements had an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term borrowings, as reflected in the balance sheets, approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments Recently Adopted Accounting Principles There were various updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to a have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the general note to the financial statements for the reporting entity which may include, descriptions of the basis of presentation, business description, significant accounting policies, consolidations, reclassifications, new pronouncements not yet adopted and changes in accounting principles. + References No definition available. + Details
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