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SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 9 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2013
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE A — SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES General The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements as of June 30, 2013 and for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 are unaudited. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and are presented in accordance with the requirements of Rule S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2013. These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended September 30, 2012 and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2012 contained herein has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2012, but do not include all disclosures required by GAAP. Business and Basis of Presentation On September 16, 2002, Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada. Effective December 17, 2008, the Company reincorporated from the State of Nevada to the State of Delaware. The Company is principally devoted to developing DNA embedded biotechnology security solutions in the United States and Europe. To date, the Company has generated limited sales revenues from its services and products; it has incurred expenses and has sustained losses. Consequently, its operations are subject to all the risks inherent in the establishment of an early stage operating company. For the period from inception through June 30, 2013, the Company has accumulated losses of $182,975,140. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Applied DNA Operations Management, Inc., APDN (B.V.I.) Inc. and Applied DNA Sciences Europe Limited. Significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The most complex and subjective estimates include: recoverability of long-lived assets, including the value assigned to intangible assets and property and equipment, fair value calculations for warrants, contingencies and allowance for doubtful accounts. Management reviews its estimates on a regular basis and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the condensed consolidated interim financial statements in the period they are deemed to be necessary. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. Revenue Recognition Revenues are derived from research, development, qualification and production testing for certain commercial products. Revenue from fixed price testing contracts is generally recorded upon completion of the contracts, which are generally short-term, or upon completion of identifiable contractual tasks. At the time the Company enters into a contract that includes multiple tasks, the Company estimates the amount of actual labor and other costs that will be required to complete each task based on historical experience. Revenues are recognized which provide for a profit margin relative to the testing performed. Revenue relative to each task and from contracts which are time and materials based is recorded as effort is expended. Billings in excess of amounts earned are deferred. Any anticipated losses on contracts are charged to income when identified. To the extent management does not accurately forecast the level of effort required to complete a contract, or individual tasks within a contract, and the Company is unable to negotiate additional billings with a customer for cost over-runs, the Company may incur losses on individual contracts. For revenue from product sales, the Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”). ASC 605 requires that four basic criteria must be met before revenue can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred; (3) the selling price is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Determination of criteria (3) and (4) are based on management’s judgments regarding the fixed nature of the selling prices of the products delivered and the collectability of those amounts. Provisions for allowances and other adjustments are provided for in the same period the related sales are recorded. The Company defers any revenue for which the product has not been delivered or is subject to refund until such time that the Company and the customer jointly determine that the product has been delivered or no refund will be required. At June 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, the Company did not record any deferred revenue for the respective periods. Cash Equivalents For the purpose of the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements, all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. Accounts Receivable The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts equal to the estimated uncollectible amounts. The Company’s estimate is based on historical collection experience and a review of the current status of trade accounts receivable. It is reasonably possible that the Company’s estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts will change. At June 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $70,000 and $0, respectively. The Company writes-off receivables that are deemed uncollectible. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) which requires the recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statement or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Temporary differences between taxable income reported for financial reporting purposes and income tax purposes include, but are not limited to, accounting for intangibles, warrants, equity based compensation and depreciation and amortization. The Company evaluates the recoverability of deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, the Company incurred losses from operations. Based upon these results, and trends in the Company’s performance projected through 2013, it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize any benefit from the deferred tax assets recorded by the Company in previous periods. Management makes judgments as to the interpretation of the tax laws that might be challenged upon an audit and cause changes to previous estimates of tax liability. In management’s opinion, adequate provisions for income taxes have been made for all years. If actual taxable income by tax jurisdiction varies from estimates, additional allowances or reversals of reserves may be necessary. The Company has identified its federal tax return and its state tax return in New York as “major” tax jurisdictions. Based on the Company’s evaluation, it has been concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company’s condensed consolidated interim financial statements. The Company’s evaluation was performed for tax years 2009 through 2012. The Company believes that its income tax positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change to its financial position. It is the Company’s policy to accrue interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits as components of income tax provision. Property Plant and Equipment Property plant and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight line method over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives for computer equipment, lab equipment and furniture is 3 to 5 years and leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their useful life or the lease term. Property plant and equipment consist of:
|  | June 30, 2013 (unaudited) |  |  | September 30, 2012 |
Computer equipment |  | $ | 38,640 |  |  | $ | 33,464 |
Lab equipment |  |  | 589,737 |  |  |  | 296,904 |
Furniture |  |  | 151,039 |  |  |  | 132,435 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | 222,283 |  |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | 1,001,699 |  |  |  | 462,803 |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (337,593 | ) |  |  | (251,958 | )
Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 664,106 |  |  | $ | 210,845 |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company accounts for its long-lived assets in accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360”) for purposes of determining and measuring impairment of its long-lived assets other than goodwill. ASC 360 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles held and used by the Company be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates its long lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business conditions, recurring losses, or a forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period. The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets based upon forecasted undiscounted cash flows. Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying value of intangible assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and ultimate disposition of the asset. ASC 360 also requires assets to be disposed of be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less costs to sell. Comprehensive Income The Company does not have any items of comprehensive income in any of the periods presented. Segment Information The Company follows the provisions of ASC 280, Segment Reporting (“ASC 280”). ASC 280 establishes standards for reporting information regarding operating segments in annual financial statements and requires selected information for those segments to be presented in interim financial reports issued to stockholders. ASC 280 also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services and geographic areas. Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision- making group, in making decisions how to allocate resources and assess performance. The information disclosed herein, materially represents all of the financial information related to the Company’s single principal operating segment. Loss per Share The Company presents loss per share utilizing a dual presentation of basic and diluted loss per share. Basic loss per share includes no dilution and has been calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive common stock equivalents consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of the Company’s stock options and warrants. For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, common stock equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of the diluted loss per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive. Fully diluted shares outstanding were 835,560,840 and 798,128,629 for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2013, respectively. Fully diluted shares outstanding were 646,110,663 and 641,715,691 for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2012, respectively. Stock Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Stock Compensation. ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values. Under the provisions of ASC 718, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). The fair value of the Company’s common stock options are estimated using the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility, dividend rate, risk free interest rate and the expected life. The Company expenses stock-based compensation by using the straight-line method. In accordance with ASC 718, excess tax benefits realized from the exercise of stock-based awards are classified in cash flows from financing activities. The future realization of the reserved deferred tax assets related to these tax benefits associated with the exercise of stock options will result in a credit to additional paid in capital if the related tax deduction reduces taxes payable. The Company has elected the “with and without approach” regarding ordering of windfall tax benefits to determine whether the windfall tax benefit did reduce taxes payable in the current year. Under this approach, the windfall tax benefit would be recognized in additional paid-in-capital only if an incremental tax benefit is realized after considering all other benefits presently available. Stock-based compensation expense recognized under ASC 718 for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2013 were $870,576 and $1,743,598 (including the stock option modification, see Note F), respectively, and for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2012 were $389,533 and $1,564,311, respectively. As of June 30, 2013, 121,354,192 employee stock options were outstanding with 91,892,325 shares vested and exercisable. Concentrations Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company places its cash and temporary cash investments with high credit quality institutions. At times, such investments may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit. The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the nine months ended June 30, 2013 included an aggregate of 14% from one customer of the Company’s total revenues. No customers represented greater than 10% of the Company’s total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2013. Two and one customer(s) accounted for 59% and 46% of the Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2012, respectively. One and two customer(s) accounted for 10% and 54% of the Company’s total accounts receivable at June 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively. Research and Development The Company accounts for research and development costs in accordance with the ASC 730, Research and Development (“ASC 730”). Under ASC 730, all research and development costs must be charged to expense as incurred. Accordingly, internal research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Third-party research and development costs are expensed when the contracted work has been performed or as milestone results have been achieved. Company-sponsored research and development costs related to both present and future products are expensed in the period incurred. The Company incurred research and development expenses of $184,981 and $99,958 for the three month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $509,132 and $274,528 for the nine month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Advertising The Company follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred. The Company charged to operations $21,825 and $158,636 as advertising costs for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2013 and $13,244 and $68,148 for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2012, respectively. Intangible Assets The Company amortizes its intangible assets using the straight-line method over their estimated period of benefit. The estimated useful life for patents is five years while other intellectual property uses a seven year useful life. The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of intangible assets and takes into account events or circumstances that warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that indicate that impairment exists. All of the Company’s intangible assets are subject to amortization. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments are primarily composed of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and warrants. The fair value of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, as reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheet, approximate its fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. The valuation techniques utilized are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect internal market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy: Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related asset or liabilities. Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of assets or liabilities. The Company utilizes observable market inputs (quoted market prices) when measuring fair value whenever possible. For fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s accounting and finance department, who report to the Chief Financial Officer, determine its valuation policies and procedures. The development and determination of the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements and fair value calculations are the responsibility of the Company’s accounting and finance department and are approved by the Chief Financial Officer. As of June 30, 2013, there were no transfers in or out of Level 3 from other levels. The fair value of each warrant is estimated using the Binomial Lattice option valuation model. Significant observable and unobservable inputs include stock price, exercise price, annual risk free rate, term, and expected volatility, and are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. An increase or decrease in volatility, in isolation, can significantly increase or decrease the fair value of the warrant. See Note I. Recent Accounting Pronouncements There were various updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to a have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Subsequent Events The Company has evaluated events that occurred subsequent to the balance sheet date and through the date the financial statements were available to be issued. Other than those events disclosed in the notes to these financial statements, management concluded that no additional subsequent events required disclosure in these financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the general note to the financial statements for the reporting entity which may include, descriptions of the basis of presentation, business description, significant accounting policies, consolidations, reclassifications, new pronouncements not yet adopted and changes in accounting principles. + References No definition available. + Details
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