<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001571049-17-005235.txt : 20170522
<SEC-HEADER>0001571049-17-005235.hdr.sgml : 20170522
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20170522160554
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001571049-17-005235
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		8
FILED AS OF DATE:		20170522
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20170522

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			APPLIED DNA SCIENCES INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000744452
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS SERVICES [7380]
		IRS NUMBER:				592262718
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0930

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-218158
		FILM NUMBER:		17860949

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		50 HEALTH SCIENCES DRIVE
		CITY:			STONY BROOK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11790
		BUSINESS PHONE:		631-240-8800

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		50 HEALTH SCIENCES DRIVE
		CITY:			STONY BROOK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11790

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PROHEALTH MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20010504

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	DCC ACQUISITION CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19990211

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	DATALINK CAPITAL CORP/TX/
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19980306
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-3
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>t1700338_s3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM S-3
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 2px solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>As filed with the Securities
    and Exchange Commission on May 22, 2017</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Registration No. 333-</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>UNITED STATES<BR>
        SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION<BR>
        WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2px solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">FORM&nbsp;S-3<BR>
REGISTRATION STATEMENT<BR>
<I>UNDER</I><BR>
<I>THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2px solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its
charter)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2px solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 32%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Delaware</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 32%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>50 Health Sciences Drive</B></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center">Stony Brook, New York 11790<BR>
        (631) 240-8800</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 32%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>59-2272718</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(State or other jurisdiction of </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">incorporation or organization)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(Address, including zip code, and </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">telephone number, including area code, </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">of registrant&rsquo;s principal executive </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">offices)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(I.R.S. Employer Identification </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Number)</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2px solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">James A. Hayward, Ph.D., ScD.<BR>
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President<BR>
Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.<BR>
50 Health Sciences Drive</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Stony Brook, New York 11790</B><BR>
<B>(631) 240-8801</B><BR>
<BR>
</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">including area code, of agent for service)</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B><I>Copies to:</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Merrill M. Kraines, Esq.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Pepper Hamilton LLP</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>620 Eighth Avenue 37<SUP>th</SUP> Floor</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>New York, New York 10018<BR>
Telephone: (212) 808-2711</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Facsimile: (212) 658-9982</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2px solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&uml;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be
offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (&ldquo;<U>Securities
Act</U>&rdquo;), other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following
box.&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act Registration
Statement number of the earlier effective Registration Statement for the same offering.&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&uml;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act Registration Statement number of the earlier effective
Registration Statement for the same offering.&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&uml;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If this Form is a Registration Statement pursuant to General Instruction
I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e)
under the Securities Act, check the following box.&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&uml;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement
filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant
to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&uml;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated
filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions
of &ldquo;large accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;smaller reporting company,&rdquo; and &ldquo;emerging
growth company&rdquo; in rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 21%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Large Accelerated Filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">&uml;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 22%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Accelerated Filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">&uml;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Non-Accelerated Filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">&uml;</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Smaller Reporting Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">x</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Emerging Growth Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">&uml;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided
pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&uml;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 2px solid">Title of each class of<BR> securities to be<BR> registered</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 2px solid">Amount to be<BR> Registered (1)</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 2px solid">Proposed<BR> maximum<BR> offering price<BR> per share (2)(3)</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 2px solid">Proposed<BR> maximum<BR> aggregate<BR> offering price (2)</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 2px solid">Amount of<BR> registration fee</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48%">Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share (4)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD>Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share (4)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD>Warrants (4)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Debt securities (4)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD>Rights (4)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD>Units (4)(5)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right"></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right">25,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right">2,898&nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">(6)</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) This Registration Statement includes $25,000,000 of securities
which may be issued by the Registrant from time to time in indeterminate amounts and at indeterminate times. Securities registered
hereunder may be sold separately, together or as units with other securities registered hereunder. Also, pursuant to Rule 416 under
the Securities Act, the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock as may
be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.
For so long as the Registrant&rsquo;s public float remains below $75,000,000, the Registrant will limit its issuance of securities
in any twelve month calendar period to an aggregate market value (determined as of the time of issuance of that security) not in
excess of one-third of the aggregate market value of all voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant
in compliance with General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately,
or as units with other securities registered hereby. The proposed maximum offering price per unit will be determined by us in connection
with the issuance of the securities. In no event will the aggregate offering price of all securities issued from time to time pursuant
to this Registration Statement exceed $25.0 million or the equivalent thereof in one or more foreign currencies, foreign currency
units or composite currencies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) We have estimated the amount to be registered and the proposed
maximum offering price solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities
Act. The amount and price are exclusive of accrued interest, if any, on the debt securities. The amount to be registered and proposed
maximum aggregate offering price are not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D of Form S-3
under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&#9;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) Subject to footnote (1), there is also being registered hereunder
such indeterminate amount of securities (including shares or other classes of the Registrant&rsquo;s stock that may be issued upon
reclassification of unissued, authorized stock of the Registrant) as may be issued in exchange for or upon conversion of, as the
case may be, the other securities registered hereunder. No separate consideration will be received for any securities registered
hereunder that are issued in exchange for, or upon conversion of, as the case may be, such other securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(5) Each unit consists of any combination of two or more of the
securities being registered hereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(6) Calculated in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended and paid herewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission acting pursuant to said section 8(a), may determine.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; color: red"><B></B></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2px solid; border-bottom: Black 2pt solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; color: red"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; color: red"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; color: red"><B>THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE
AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN
ANY JURISDICTION WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MAY 22,
2017</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>$25,000,000</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Common Stock</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Preferred Stock</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Debt Securities</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Warrants</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Rights</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Units</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2px solid; width: 15%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We may offer and sell, from time to time in one or more offerings,
up to $25,000,000 of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and rights, or any combination of these securities,
and/or units consisting of one or more of these securities. We may also offer common stock or preferred stock upon conversion of
debt securities and common stock upon conversion of preferred stock. All of the securities listed above may be sold separately
or as units with other securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">This prospectus describes some of the general terms that may apply
to these securities. When we decide to sell a particular class or series of securities, we will provide specific terms of the offered
securities in one or more prospectus supplements. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to
you in connection with these offerings.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The prospectus supplement, and any documents incorporated by reference,
may also add, update or change information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. However, no prospectus
supplement shall offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness. You
should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, as well as the documents incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated
by reference into this prospectus, and any free writing prospectus carefully before you invest. This prospectus may not be used
to offer or sell our securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement relating to the offered securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Our common stock and our warrants are listed on The NASDAQ Capital
Market under the symbols &ldquo;APDN&rdquo; and &ldquo;APDNW,&rdquo; respectively. Each prospectus supplement will contain information,
where applicable, as to our listing on any securities exchange of the securities covered by the prospectus supplement. The aggregate
market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $33,323,045 based on 26,351,483 shares of
outstanding common stock, of which 4,852,744 shares are held by affiliates, and a price of $1.55 per share, which was the last
reported sale price of our common stock as quoted on The NASDAQ Capital Market on May 15, 2017. Pursuant to General Instruction
I.B.6 of Form S-3, in no event will we sell securities registered in a public primary offering with a value exceeding more than
one-third of our public float <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">(the market value of our common stock held by our non-affiliates)</FONT>
in any 12 calendar month period so long as our public float remains below $75.0 million. We have not offered any securities pursuant
to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 during the prior 12 calendar month period that ends on and includes the date of this prospectus.
As of May 15, 2017, one-third of our public float is equal to approximately $11,107,682.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">These securities may be sold by us directly to purchasers, through
dealers or agents, or to or through underwriters, or through a combination of these methods. See &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&rdquo;
in this prospectus. We may also describe the plan of distribution for any particular offering of our securities in a prospectus
supplement. If any agents, underwriters or dealers are involved in the sale of any securities in respect of which this prospectus
is being delivered, we will disclose their names and the nature of our arrangements with them in a prospectus supplement. The net
proceeds we expect to receive from any such sale will also be included in a prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk.
See the sections entitled &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any Quarterly Report
on Form 10-Q, as well as in any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus related to these specific offerings.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time by
filing amendments or supplements as required or related free writing prospectuses. You should read the entire prospectus and any
amendments or supplements carefully before you make your investment decision.<BR>
<BR>
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities
or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center">The date of this prospectus is &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,
2017</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 92%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%; border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="#a_001"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="#a_002"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="#a_003"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">RISK FACTORS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="#a_004"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="#a_005"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">USE OF PROCEEDS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="#a_006"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="#a_007"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">DIVIDEND POLICY</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="#a_008"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="#a_009"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="#a_010"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">LEGAL MATTERS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="#a_011"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">EXPERTS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="#a_012"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="#a_013"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_001"></A>ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">This prospectus is part of a Registration Statement that we filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (&ldquo;<U>SEC</U>&rdquo;) using a &ldquo;shelf&rdquo; registration process. Under
this shelf registration process, we may offer from time to time securities described in this prospectus having a maximum aggregate
offering price of $25,000,000 in one or more offerings. Each time we offer securities, we will prepare and file with the SEC a
prospectus supplement or information that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus that describes the specific amounts,
prices and terms of the securities we offer. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you
that may contain material information relating to these offerings and securities. The prospectus supplement also may add, update
or change information contained in this prospectus or the documents incorporated herein by reference. You should read carefully
this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus together with additional information
described below under the caption &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">This prospectus does not contain all the information provided in
the Registration Statement we filed with the SEC. For further information about us or our securities offered hereby, you should
refer to that Registration Statement, which you can obtain from the SEC as described below under &ldquo;Where You Can Find More
Information.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated
by reference in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus. We have not authorized any
other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you
should not rely on it. This prospectus is not an offer to sell securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy securities,
in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus,
any prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus as well as information we have previously filed with the SEC and
incorporated by reference, is accurate as of the date of those documents only. Our business, financial condition, results of operations
and prospects may have changed since those dates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We may sell securities through underwriters or dealers, through
agents, directly to purchasers or through any combination of these methods. We and our agents reserve the sole right to accept
or reject in whole or in part any proposed purchase of securities. The prospectus supplement, which we will prepare and file with
the SEC each time we offer securities, will set forth the names of any underwriters, agents or others involved in the sale of securities,
and any applicable fee, commission or discount arrangements with them. See &ldquo;Plan of Distribution.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">In this prospectus, unless otherwise indicated, the &ldquo;<U>Registrant</U>,&rdquo;
&ldquo;<U>our company</U>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<U>we</U>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<U>us</U>&rdquo; or &ldquo;<U>our</U>&rdquo; refer to Applied
DNA Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 7; Options: NewSection; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->1<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_002"></A>PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>This prospectus summary highlights certain information about
our company and other information contained elsewhere in this prospectus or in documents incorporated by reference. This summary
does not contain all of the information that you should consider before making an investment decision. You should carefully read
the entire prospectus, any prospectus supplement, including the section entitled &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; and the documents incorporated
by reference into this prospectus, before making an investment decision.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>THE OFFERING</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">This prospectus is part of a Registration Statement that we filed
with the SEC utilizing a shelf registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell any combination of:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">common stock;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">preferred stock;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">debt securities, in one or more series;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">warrants to purchase any of the securities listed above;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock or warrants; and/or&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">units consisting of one or more of the foregoing</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $25,000,000.
This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer.&nbsp;Each time we sell securities, we will
provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that specific offering and include a
discussion of any risk factors or other special considerations that apply to those securities. The prospectus supplement may also
add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement
together with the additional information described under the heading &ldquo;Where You Can Find More&nbsp;Information.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>OUR COMPANY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Using biotechnology as a forensic foundation, we create unique
security solutions addressing the challenges of modern commerce. Whether for supply chain security, brand protection or law
enforcement applications, it is our goal to help establish secure flourishing environments that foster quality, integrity and
success. With secure taggants, high-resolution DNA authentication, and comprehensive reporting, our SigNature DNA
technologies are designed to deliver what we believe to be the greatest levels of security, deterrence and legal recourse
strength. We are also engaged in the large-scale production of specific DNA sequences using the polymerase chain reaction
(&ldquo;<U>PCR</U>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">SigNature DNA, the core of our technology platform, is nature&rsquo;s
ultimate means of authentication and supply chain security. Our precision-engineered marks have not and, we believe, cannot be
broken. Additional layers of protection and complexity are added to the mark in a proprietary manner. SigNature DNA in various
carriers has proven highly resistant to UV radiation, heat, cold, vibration, abrasion and other extreme environments and conditions.
We work closely with our customers to develop a solution that will be optimized to their specifications to deliver maximum impact.
Our products and technology are protected by what we believe to be a robust portfolio of patents and trademarks.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Using our products and technology, manufacturers, brands, and other
stakeholders can ensure authenticity and protect against diversion throughout a product&rsquo;s journey from manufacturer to use.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The core technologies of our business allow us to use DNA sequences
to mark objects in a unique manner that we believe cannot be replicated, and then identify these objects by detecting the absence
or presence of the DNA. We believe that our disruptive platform offers broad commercial relevance across many industry verticals.
Our underlying strategy is to become a solutions provider in supply chains of process industries in which contracts are larger
and of longer duration, where the benefits to customers and consumers are more significant, and where our forensic security and
traceability offer a unique and protected value. Consumers, governments and companies are demanding details about the systems and
sources that deliver their goods. They worry about quality, safety, ethics, and the environmental impact. Farsighted organizations
are directly addressing new threats and opportunities presented by this question: Where do these goods come from? These are the
questions and concerns we are beginning to address for a growing number of companies. We supply key building blocks for creating
secure supply chains with traceability of goods, which in turn can help ensure integrity in supply, honest claims, and ethical
and sustainable sourcing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 8; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>Signature DNA Markers</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>SigNature DNA.</I></B> SigNature DNA is our patented platform
ingredient, at the core of all our security solutions. It provides forensic power and protection for a wide array of applications.
Highly secure, robust and durable, SigNature DNA markers are an ingredient that can be used to fortify brand protection efforts;
strengthen supply chain security; and mark, track and convict criminals. Custom DNA sequences can be embedded into a wide range
of host carriers including ink, varnish, thread, laminates and metal coatings. SigNature DNA markers are resistant to heat, cold,
vibration, abrasion, organic solvents, chemicals, UV radiation and other extreme environmental conditions, and so can be identified
for numerous years after being embedded directly, or into media applied or attached to the item to be marked. Each individual marker
is recorded and stored in a secure database so that we can later detect it using a simple spot test, or the marks can be forensically
analyzed to obtain definitive proof of the presence or absence of a specific type of SigNature DNA marker (e.g., one designed to
mark a particular product). Our in-lab forensic testing for authenticity results in an expert witness Certificate of DNA Authentication
(&ldquo;<U>CODA</U>&rdquo;). Because DNA is one of the most dense information carriers known, only minute quantities of SigNature
DNA are necessary for successful analysis and authentication. As a result, SigNature DNA can fold seamlessly into production and
logistics workflows.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">SigNature DNA has been subjected to rigorous testing by the Idaho
National Laboratory, a U.S. National Laboratory, by CALCE (the Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering), the largest electronic
products and systems research center focused on electronics reliability, and by verified procedures in our laboratories. The forensic
marker has passed all tests across a broad spectrum of materials and has met key military stability standards. SigNature DNA has
passed a strenuous &ldquo;red-team&rdquo; vetting on behalf of the U.S. Defense Logistics Agency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Hundreds of millions of SigNature DNA markers now exist on items
ranging from consumer product packaging to microcircuits to cotton and synthetic fibers; to our knowledge, none has ever been copied.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>SigNature T DNA and fiberTyping </I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>SigNature T DNA.</I></B> SigNature T DNA is a unique patent-pending
tagging and authentication system specifically designed for textiles and apparel. Specially engineered to adhere tenaciously to
any kind of textile substrate, including natural and synthetic fibers, SigNature T DNA markers are resistant to standard textile
production conditions, and cannot be copied. The result: an enduring forensic identity marker that remains present from the fiber
stage through to the finished product.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">This technology allows for better quality control and assurance
at any point in the supply chain. SigNature T DNA markers are used for brand protection efforts and raw material, source compliance
programs. For example, cotton fibers can be tagged at source, verified as &ldquo;American grown&rdquo; and then traced through
every step of the supply chain.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Our patented cotton genotyping platform, known as &ldquo;fiberTyping&reg;,&rdquo;
described below, complements tagging with SigNature T DNA. fiberTyping is employed to identify the genus and species
of the fibers before or after they are tagged with SigNature T DNA. fiberTyping cannot be used to track a specific cotton batch
through the supply chain, a function which can only be accomplished by our SigNature T DNA system.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>fiberTyping</I></B>. fiberTyping is not a marker, but a test
of native cotton fiber, which gives a clear result that determines whether the intended &ldquo;nature-made&rdquo; endogenous cotton
DNA is present in your fiber, yarn or fabric. Samples from the primary material are sent to our forensic labs for DNA analysis
and authentication. Cotton classification and the authentication of cotton geographic origin are issues of global significance,
important to brand owners and to governments that must regulate the international cotton trade. The use of DNA to identify the
cotton fiber content of finished textiles, along with SigNature T DNA tagging is a significant opportunity for brand license holders
to control their intellectual property and for governments to improve their ability to enforce compliance with trade agreements
between nations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">In addition to the global cotton trade, the potential markets for
genotyping include biotherapeutics, nutraceuticals, natural foods, wines and fermented alcohols and other natural textiles.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 9; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We believe that our DNA extraction protocol and methodologies are
more effective than existing forensic systems. We believe that the combination of our SigNatureT DNA and fiberTyping solutions
cover the forensic authentication market for textiles and secure systems and that the related protocols we have developed may be
applicable to multiple industry verticals, and can mark and authenticate products at every stage of their life cycle, from beginning
to end.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>DNAnet and Backtrac</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Recognizing that DNA-based evidence is the cornerstone of modern-era
law enforcement, we have developed what we believe to be the ultimate crime fighting tools &ndash; currently being used in home
asset and vehicle marking, as well as commercial applications.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>DNAnet.</I></B> DNAnet is a DNA marker that can be used to
definitively link evidence and offenders to specific crime scenes. As the crime is investigated, the fluorescing DNA marker can
assist police in linking the offender and stolen items to a specific crime scene, creating a greater ability to identify and convict.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>Backtrac.</I></B> Backtrac(TM) is a long lasting tagging solution
containing molecular signature that can help return stolen or lost property to its rightful owner.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>Beacon</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>Beacon.</I></B> Beacon&reg; locked optical markers deliver
secure real-time inspection capabilities. A unique encrypted mechanism (patent-pending) creates a protected, covert screening tool
that can be easily adapted to packaging, security labels and high&ndash;value assets through inks, varnishes and coatings. When
Beacon locked optical markers are combined with SigNature DNA markers, a strong and flexible end-to-end security solution is created
where authenticity and provenance can be determined with confidence.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>SigNify</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>SigNify.</I></B> Developing a secure method for real-time,
in-field screening of DNA-marked items has long been a priority for us. We believe that standard fluorophores, up-converting phosphors,
holograms and other more-traditional screening tools provide little to no defense against counterfeiting. We believe that secure
in-field inspection backed with forensic-level DNA authentication is the key to maintaining a well-defended supply chain or asset
management program.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The SigNify IF portable DNA reader provides definitive real-time
authentication of SigNature DNA in the field&ndash; DNA becomes a true, front-line solution for supply chain integrity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>CertainT Supply Chain Platform</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">CertainT helps brands confirm their product&rsquo;s authenticity
and origin with certified, trust, transparency and traceability. The CertainT emblem indicates use of our tagging, testing and
tracking platform to enable proof of product claims for any material, item or product. Secure and proven, the CertainT Platform
helps manufacturers, brands or other commercial organizations deliver on their promise that customers are buying products that
are ethically-sourced, safe and authentic.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>Information Technology Systems</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>digitalDNA.</I></B> digitalDNA is a software platform that
enables customers to manage the security of company-marked goods from point of marking to point of authentication or validation
to end of life. The base platform is configurable to customer requirements which differ by vertical market, company business process
and IT environment. Basic functions offered include DNA inventory management, program training and communications, a database of
marked items information, associated documents and images, chain of custody and location tracking, sample authentication processing
and CODA downloads, and other administrative functions. Architected for either cloud or local operation, the system supports mobile
data capture using bar codes or other technologies. Of special note is the power of embedding our proprietary DNA into tag ink
or substrate as the forensic backstop for tags which can be easily copied. The system is architected as the controller and repository
for other validation and authentication devices such as our SigNify DNA Readers, Multi-Mode Reader (prototype), DNA Transfer Systems,
and other third party devices and is designed to share data with third party applications through standard interfaces.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 10; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>DNA Transfer Systems.</I></B> Our DNA Transfer Systems are
developed for DNA marking applications which are high volume with a need for monitoring and control. They are computer based, fully
automated, offer remote internet access for real-time monitoring and can be configured for application-specific alerts and reporting
online. They were used to mark cotton at eight U.S. cotton gins in the 2016 ginning season.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>Large-scale production of specific DNA sequences using PCR.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>Large-scale production of specific DNA sequences using PCR.</I></B>
Our patented Triathlon&trade; PCR systems allow for the large-scale production of specific DNA sequences. The systems are self-contained
and modular, can work together in mass production or can be used individually throughout the world, offering the advantage of delivering
DNA locally and securely. These DNA sequences are being used by customers as a diagnostic and reagent and provide us the opportunity
to cross-sell our DNA-based supply chain security solutions. A new capacity for us will be the ability to manufacture longer DNA
sequences valuable in gene therapy, DNA vaccines and diagnostics. These types of DNA are distinct from our DNA security markers
and represent a potential new entry into medical markets, where we believe there are opportunities for our broader platform.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>Corporate History</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We are a Delaware corporation, which was initially formed in 1983
under the laws of the State of Florida as Datalink Systems, Inc. In 1998, we reincorporated in Nevada, and in 2002, we changed
our name to our current name, Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. In December 2008, we reincorporated from Nevada to the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Our corporate headquarters are located at the Long Island High Technology
Incubator at Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, New York, where we established laboratories for the manufacture of DNA markers
and product prototypes, and DNA authentication. The address of our corporate headquarters is 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook,
New York 11790, and our telephone number is (631) 240-8800. We maintain a website at www.adnas.com where general information about
us is available. The information on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into and should
not be considered a part of this registration statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">To date, we have had a limited operating history with our current
business model, and as a result, our operations have produced limited revenues.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_003"></A>RISK FACTORS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Prior
to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider and evaluate the specific factors discussed
under the heading &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016 filed
on December 6, 2016, with the SEC, and any updates described in subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, all of which are incorporated
herein by reference, and may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC in
the future. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties
not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. The occurrence of these known or
unknown risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">See also the statements contained under the heading &ldquo;Forward-Looking
Statements.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 11; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_004"></A>FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein
contain &ldquo;forward-looking statements&rdquo; within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>Exchange Act</U>&rdquo;), that are intended to qualify for the &ldquo;safe
harbor&rdquo; created by those sections. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements in other documents filed with or furnished
to the SEC, and our management and other representatives may make forward-looking statements orally or in writing to analysts,
investors, representatives of the media and others.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the fact
that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and include, but are not limited to, statements using terminology
such as &ldquo;can,&rdquo; &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;could,&rdquo; &ldquo;should,&rdquo; &ldquo;assume,&rdquo; &ldquo;forecasts,&rdquo;
&ldquo;believe,&rdquo; &ldquo;designated to,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;expect,&rdquo; &ldquo;plan,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo;
&ldquo;estimate,&rdquo; &ldquo;potential,&rdquo; &ldquo;position,&rdquo; &ldquo;predicts,&rdquo; &ldquo;strategy,&rdquo; &ldquo;guidance,&rdquo;
&ldquo;intend,&rdquo; &ldquo;seek,&rdquo; &ldquo;budget,&rdquo; &ldquo;project&rdquo; or &ldquo;continue,&rdquo; or the negative
thereof or other comparable terminology regarding beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions regarding the future. You should read
statements that contain these words carefully because they:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&bull;</TD><TD>discuss our future expectations;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&bull;</TD><TD>contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial condition; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&bull;</TD><TD>state other &ldquo;forward-looking&rdquo; information.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We believe it is important to communicate our expectations. However,
forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and our actual results and the timing of certain events could differ
materially from those discussed in forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under &ldquo;Risk
Factors&rdquo; and &ldquo;About the Company&rdquo; set forth in this prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Accordingly, our actual results and the timing of certain events
may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors and risks,
including, but not limited to, those set forth under &ldquo;Risk Factors,&rdquo; those set forth from time to time in our other
filings with the SEC, and the following factors and risks:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>our short operating history with our current business model and lack of significant revenues;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>our history of net losses, which may continue, and our potential inability to achieve profitability;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>the possibility that we may require additional financing, which may involve the issuance of additional shares of common stock
or securities exercisable for common stock and dilute the percentage of ownership held by our current stockholders;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>difficulty in obtaining or inability to obtain, additional financing if such financing becomes necessary.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>volatility in the price and/or trading volume of our common stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>future short selling and/or manipulation of the price of our common stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>our inability to implement our short and long-term strategies;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>competition from products and services provided by other companies;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>potential difficulties and failures in manufacturing our products;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>loss of strategic relationships;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>dependence on a limited number of key customers;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>lack of acceptance of our products and services by potential customers;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>potential failure to introduce new products and services;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>difficulty or failure in expanding/and or maintaining our sales, marketing and support organizations and our distribution arrangements
necessary to enable us to reach our goals with respect to increasing market acceptance of our products and services;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>seasonality in revenues related to our cotton customer contracts;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>inability to continue to retain the services of Dr. Hayward, our Chief Executive Officer;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>inability to compete effectively in the industries in which we operate;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>lack of success in our research and development efforts for new products;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>failure to manage our growth in operations and acquisitions of new technologies and businesses;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>inability to protect our intellectual property rights;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 12; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>intellectual property litigation against us or other legal actions or proceedings in which we may become involved;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential data (including customer data) and cybersecurity breaches; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>adverse changes in worldwide or domestic economic, political or business conditions.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">All forward-looking statements and risk factors included in this
prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference are made as of the date hereof, based on information available to
us as of such date, and we assume no obligations to update any forward-looking statement or risk factor, unless we are required
to do so by law. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make updates
with respect to other forward-looking statements or that we will make any further updates to those forward-looking statements at
any future time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Forward-looking statements may include our plans and objectives
for future operations, including plans and objectives relating to our products and our future economic performance, projections,
business strategy and timing and likelihood of success. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to,
among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions, future business decisions, and the time and money required
to successfully complete development and commercialization of our technologies, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict
accurately and many of which are beyond our control.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Any of the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements
contained in this prospectus could prove inaccurate and, therefore, we cannot assure you that the results contemplated in any of
such forward-looking statements will be realized. Based on the significant uncertainties inherent in these forward-looking statements,
the inclusion of any such statement should not be regarded as a representation or as a guarantee by us that our objectives or plans
will be achieved, and we caution you against relying on any of the forward-looking statements contained herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->7<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_005"></A>USE OF PROCEEDS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Except as otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement,
we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities covered by this prospectus for general corporate purposes, which
may include, but is not limited to, working capital, capital expenditures, business development and research and development expenditures
and acquisitions of new technologies or businesses. The precise amount, use and timing of the application of such proceeds will
depend upon our funding requirements and the availability and cost of other capital. Additional information on the use of net proceeds
from an offering of securities covered by this prospectus may be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the specific
offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->8<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_006"></A>RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The following table sets forth our ratio of earnings to fixed charges
for the periods indicated on a consolidated basis. You should read these ratios of earnings to fixed charges in connection with
our consolidated financial statements, including the notes to those statements, incorporated by reference into this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">In calculating the ratio of earnings to fixed charges, &ldquo;earnings&rdquo;
means the sum of income before income taxes and fixed charges exclusive of capitalized interest, and &ldquo;fixed charges&rdquo;
means interest expensed and capitalized, amortized premiums, discounts and capitalized expenses relating to indebtedness and an
estimate of the portion of annual rental expense on leases that represents the interest factor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 92%; margin-left: 0.5in">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2px; text-align: center">Three months ended</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="18" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: center">Year ended September 30,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: center">March 31, 2017</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: center">2016</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: center">2015</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: center">2014</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: center">2013</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: center">2012</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="width: 34%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">(1)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">(2)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">(3)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">(4)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">(5)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">(6)</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(1)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">Due to the loss for the fiscal quarter ended March
31, 2017, the ratio of earning to fixed charges for that period was less than 1.00. The deficiency of earnings to total fixed
charges was approximately $3,428,856.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(2)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">Due to the loss for the fiscal year ended September
30, 2016, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges for that period was less than 1.00. The deficiency of earnings to total fixed
charges was approximately $12,175,979.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(3)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">Due to the loss for the fiscal year ended September
30, 2015, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges for that period was less than 1.00. The deficiency of earnings to total fixed
charges was approximately $11,881,137.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(4)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">Due to the loss for the fiscal year ended September
30, 2014, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges for that period was less than 1.00. The deficiency of earnings to total fixed
charges was approximately $13,066,661.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(5)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">Due to the loss for the fiscal year ended September
30, 2013, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges for that period was less than 1.00. The deficiency of earnings to total fixed
charges was approximately $17,686,472.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(6)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">Due to the loss for the fiscal year ended September
30, 2012, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges for that period was less than 1.00. The deficiency of earnings to total fixed
charges was approximately $7,150,712.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">As of the date of this prospectus, we have no shares of preferred
stock outstanding and have not declared or paid any dividends on preferred stock for the periods set forth above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_007"></A>DIVIDEND POLICY</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common
stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends to stockholders in the foreseeable future. In addition, any future determination
to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results
of operations, capital requirements, and such other factors as our board of directors deem relevant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->9<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_008"></A>DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The descriptions of the securities contained in this prospectus,
together with any applicable prospectus supplement, summarize all the material terms and provisions of the various types of securities
that we may offer. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular offering the specific terms
of the securities offered by that prospectus supplement. We will indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement if the terms
of the securities differ from the terms we have summarized below. We will also include in the prospectus supplement information,
where applicable, regarding material United States federal income tax considerations relating to the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We may sell from time to time, in one or more offerings:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">shares of our common
stock;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">shares of our preferred
stock;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">debt securities;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">warrants to purchase
any of the securities listed above;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">rights to purchase common
stock, preferred stock or warrants; and/or</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">units consisting of
one or more of the foregoing.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities
unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>CAPITAL STOCK</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>General</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The following description of common stock and preferred stock, together
with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the material terms and provisions
of the common stock and preferred stock that we may offer under this prospectus but is not complete. For the complete terms of
our common stock and preferred stock, please refer to our certificate of incorporation, as may be amended from time to time (the
&ldquo;<U>Certificate of Incorporation</U>&rdquo;), any certificates of designation for our preferred stock, that may be authorized
from time to time, and our by-laws, as amended from time to time. The Delaware General Corporation Law (&ldquo;<U>DGCL</U>&rdquo;)
may also affect the terms of these securities. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any future common
stock or preferred stock that we may offer, we will describe the specific terms of any series of these securities in more detail
in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we so indicate in a prospectus supplement, the terms of any common stock or preferred
stock we offer under that prospectus supplement may differ from the terms we describe below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">As of May 15, 2017, our authorized capital stock consists of 500,000,000
shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of which 26,351,483 shares were issued and outstanding, and 10,000,000 shares
of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, of which no shares were issued and outstanding. In addition, as of May 15, 2017,
we had options to purchase 5,277,977 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. The authorized and unissued shares of common
stock and preferred stock are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such action is required
by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange on which our securities may be listed. Unless approval of our stockholders
is so required, our board of directors will not seek stockholder approval for the issuance and sale of our common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->10<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Common Stock</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Each holder of our common stock is entitled to one vote for each
share issued and outstanding held on all matters to be voted upon by the holders. Our shares of common stock have no preemptive,
conversion, or redemption rights. Upon the sale of substantially all of our stock or assets or dissolution, liquidation or winding
up, and after all liquidation preferences payable to any series of preferred stock entitled thereto have been satisfied, our remaining
assets shall be distributed to all holders of common stock and any similarly situated stockholders who are not entitled to any
liquidation preference or, if there be an insufficient amount to pay all such stockholders, then ratably among such holders. All
of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable.&nbsp;Our Certificate of Incorporation does
not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors.&nbsp;The holders of shares of our common stock will be entitled
to such cash dividends as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors from funds available therefor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the
symbol &ldquo;APDN.&rdquo; The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer &amp; Trust Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Preferred Stock</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I>Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that our
board of directors may, by resolution, designate classes of preferred stock in the future. The designated series of preferred stock
shall have such powers, designations, preferences and relative, participation or optional or other special rights and qualifications,
limitations or restrictions as shall be expressed in the resolution adopted by the board of directors. Once designated by our board
of directors, each series of preferred stock will have specific financial and other terms that will be described in a prospectus
supplement. The description of the preferred stock that is set forth in any prospectus supplement is not complete without reference
to the documents that govern the preferred stock. These include our Certificate of Incorporation and any certificates of designation
that our board of directors may adopt. Prior to the issuance of shares of each series of preferred stock, the board of directors
is required by the DGCL and our Certificate of Incorporation to adopt resolutions and file a certificate of designations with the
Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. The certificate of designations fixes for each class or series the designations, powers,
preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions, including, but not limited to, some or all of the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the number of shares
constituting that series and the distinctive designation of that series, which number may be increased or decreased (but not below
the number of shares then outstanding) from time to time by action of the board of directors;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the dividend rate and the manner and frequency of payment of dividends on the shares of that series, whether dividends will be cumulative, and, if so, from which date;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether that series will have voting rights, in addition to any voting rights provided by law, and, if so, the terms of such voting rights;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether that series will have conversion privileges, and, if so, the terms and conditions of such conversion, including provision for adjustment of the conversion rate in such events as the board of directors may determine;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether or not the shares of that series will be redeemable, and, if so, the terms and conditions of such redemption;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether that series will have a sinking fund for the redemption or purchase of shares of that series, and, if so, the terms and amount of such sinking fund;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether or not the shares of the series will have priority over or be on a parity with or be junior to the shares of any other series or class in any respect;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the rights of the shares of that series in the event of voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the corporation, and the relative rights or priority, if any, of payment of shares of that series; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any other relative rights, preferences and limitations of that series.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->11<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">All shares of preferred stock offered hereby will be, when issued,
fully paid and non-assessable, including shares of preferred stock issued upon the exercise of preferred stock warrants or subscription
rights, if any.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Although our board of directors has no intention at the present
time of doing so, it could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that could, depending on the terms of such series,
impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Anti-Takeover<B>&nbsp;</B>Effects of Certain Provisions of our
Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Our Certificate of Incorporation contains provisions that could
make it more difficult to acquire control of our company by means of a tender offer, open market purchases, a proxy contest or
otherwise. A description of these provisions is set forth below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 20pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><U>Preferred Stock</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We believe that the availability of the preferred stock under our
Certificate of Incorporation provides us with flexibility in addressing corporate issues that may arise. Having these authorized
shares available for issuance allows us to issue shares of preferred stock without the expense and delay of a special stockholders&rsquo;
meeting. The authorized shares of preferred stock, as well as shares of common stock, will be available for issuance without further
action by our stockholders, unless action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange on which our securities
may be listed. The board of directors has the power, subject to applicable law, to issue series of preferred stock that could,
depending on the terms of the series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt that some, or a
majority, of the stockholders might believe to be in their best interests or in which stockholders might receive a premium for
their stock over the then prevailing market price of the stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><U>Advance Notice Procedure</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Our by-laws provide an advance notice procedure for stockholders
to nominate director candidates for election or to bring business before an annual meeting of stockholders. Only persons nominated
by, or at the direction of, our board of directors or by a stockholder who has given proper and timely notice to our secretary
prior to the meeting, will be eligible for election as a director. In addition, any proposed business other than the nomination
of persons for election to our board of directors must constitute a proper matter for stockholder action pursuant to the notice
of meeting delivered to us. For notice to be timely, it must be received by our secretary not less than 90 nor more than 120 calendar
days prior to the first anniversary of the previous year&rsquo;s annual meeting (or if the date of the annual meeting is advanced
more than 30 calendar days or delayed by more than 60 calendar days from the anniversary date of the previous year&rsquo;s annual
meeting, not earlier than the 90th calendar day prior to such meeting or the 10th calendar day after public disclosure of the date
of such meeting is first made). These advance notice provisions may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business
at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed or may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation
of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or otherwise attempt to obtain control of our company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><U>Special Meetings of Stockholders</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Our by-laws provide that special meetings of stockholders may be
called only by the chairman of our board of directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or our board of directors pursuant to a resolution
adopted by a majority of the Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Section 203 of the DGCL (&ldquo;<U>Section 203</U>&rdquo;) provides
that, subject to exceptions specified therein, an &ldquo;interested stockholder&rdquo; of a Delaware corporation shall not engage
in any &ldquo;business combination,&rdquo; including general mergers or consolidations or acquisitions of additional shares of
the corporation, with the corporation for a three-year period following the time that such stockholder becomes an interested stockholder
unless:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 18; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->12<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">prior to such time,
the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder
becoming an interested stockholder;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">upon consummation of
the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an &ldquo;interested stockholder,&rdquo; the interested stockholder
owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced (excluding specified
shares); or</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">on or subsequent to
such time, the business combination is approved by the board of directors of the corporation and authorized at an annual or special
meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock
not owned by the interested stockholder.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Under Section 203, the restrictions described above also do not
apply to specified business combinations proposed by an interested stockholder following the announcement or notification of one
of specified transactions involving the corporation and a person who had not been an interested stockholder during the previous
three years or who became an interested stockholder with the approval of a majority of the corporation&rsquo;s directors, if such
transaction is approved or not opposed by a majority of the directors who were directors prior to any person becoming an interested
stockholder during the previous three years or were recommended for election or elected to succeed such directors by a majority
of such directors. The restrictions described above also do not apply to specified business combinations with a person who is an
&ldquo;interested stockholder&rdquo; prior to the time when the corporation&rsquo;s common stock is listed on a national securities
exchange, so these restrictions would not apply to a business combination with any person who is one of our stockholders prior
to this offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Except as otherwise specified in Section 203, an &ldquo;interested
stockholder&rdquo; is defined to include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any person that is the
owner of 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation, or is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and
was the owner of 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation at any time within three years immediately prior
to the date of determination; and</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the affiliates and associates
of any such person</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Under some circumstances, Section 203 makes it more difficult for
a person who is an interested stockholder to effect various business combinations with us for a three-year period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>WARRANTS</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The following description, together with the additional information
we may include in any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, summarizes the material terms and provisions
of the warrants that we may offer under this prospectus and any related warrant agreement and warrant certificate. While the terms
summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer, we will describe the specific terms of any series of warrants
in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we indicate in the prospectus supplement, the terms of any warrants
offered under that prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. Specific warrant agreements will contain additional
important terms and provisions and will be incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Registration Statement which includes
this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 19; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->13<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>General</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred
stock and/or debt securities in one or more series. We may issue warrants independently or together with common stock, preferred
stock and/or debt securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from these securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We will evidence each series of warrants by warrant certificates
that we may issue under a separate agreement. We may enter into a warrant agreement with a warrant agent. Each warrant agent may
be a bank that we select which has its principal office in the United States. We may also choose to act as our own warrant agent.
We will indicate the name and address of any such warrant agent in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular
series of warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms
of the series of warrants, including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at, and currency in which, this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number or amount of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which and currency in which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the manner of exercise of the warrants, including any cashless exercise rights;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the warrant agreement under which the warrants will be issued;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreement and the warrants;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">anti-dilution provisions of the warrants, if any;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire or, if the warrants are not continuously exercisable during that period, the specific date or dates on which the warrants will be exercisable;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the manner in which the warrant agreement and warrants may be modified;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the identities of the warrant agent and any calculation or other agent for the warrants;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 20; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->14<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any securities exchange or quotation system on which the warrants or any securities deliverable upon exercise of the warrants may be listed or quoted; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have
any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the right to receive payments of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture; or</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or, payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise voting rights, if any.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Exercise of Warrants</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities
that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time
up to 5:00 P.M. eastern time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close
of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by delivering
the warrant certificate representing the warrants to be exercised together with specified information, and paying the required
exercise price by the methods provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will set forth on the reverse side of the warrant
certificate, and in the applicable prospectus supplement, the information that the holder of the warrant will be required to deliver
to the warrant agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Upon receipt of the required payment and the warrant certificate
properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable
prospectus supplement, we will issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the warrants
represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, then we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining amount of
warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Any warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable
warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single
bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility
in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate
any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the related
warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action the holder&rsquo;s right to exercise, and
receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants in accordance with their terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Warrant Agreement Will Not Be Qualified Under Trust Indenture
Act</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">No warrant agreement will be qualified as an indenture, and no warrant
agent will be required to qualify as a trustee, under the Trust Indenture Act. Therefore, holders of warrants issued under a warrant
agreement will not have the protection of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to their warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Governing Law</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Each warrant agreement and any warrants issued under the warrant
agreements will be governed by New York law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 21; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->15<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Calculation Agent</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Any calculations relating to warrants may be made by a calculation
agent, an institution that we appoint as our agent for this purpose. The prospectus supplement for a particular warrant will name
the institution that we have appointed to act as the calculation agent for that warrant as of the original issue date for that
warrant, if any. We may appoint a different institution to serve as calculation agent from time to time after the original issue
date without the consent or notification of the holders. The calculation agent&rsquo;s determination of any amount of money payable
or securities deliverable with respect to a warrant will be final and binding in the absence of manifest error.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Outstanding Warrants</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">As of May 15, 2017, we had outstanding 9,548,969 warrants to purchase
9,548,969 shares of our common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $3.60. Of these warrants, 7,245,517 are listed on
The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol &ldquo;APDNW.&rdquo; Our Warrant Agent is American Stock Transfer &amp; Trust Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Effective November 20, 2014, we consummated an underwritten public
offering of 2,800,000 shares of our common stock and 2,800,000 warrants to purchase 2,800,000 shares of our common stock. The combined
offering price of one share of common stock, together with one warrant, was $3.25.&nbsp;The warrants have an exercise price of
$3.50 and expire on November 20, 2019. In connection with this offering, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option
by purchasing 52,000 shares of common stock and 416,850 warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left">Effective April 1, 2015, we consummated an
underwritten public offering of 4,011,000 shares of our common stock and 1,604,400 warrants to purchase 1,604,400 shares of our
common stock. The combined offering price of one share of common stock, together with one warrant, was $3.00. The warrants have
an exercise price of $3.50 and expire on November 20, 2019. In connection with this offering, the underwriters exercised their
over-allotment option by purchasing 87,000 shares of common stock and 152,800 warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left">Effective November 2, 2016, we consummated a
private placement of our common stock and warrants for an aggregate purchase price of $5.0 million pursuant to a securities purchase
agreement with an institutional investor. The combined offering price of one share of common stock, together with one warrant,
was $2.20. In this private placement, we sold 2,272,727 shares of our common stock and 2,272,727 warrants to purchase 2,272,727
shares of our common stock. The warrants have the same terms as our existing publicly traded warrants. These warrants have an
exercise price of $3.50 and expire on November 20, 2019.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left">In addition, there are 486,144 warrants
outstanding which were issued to various placement agents between 2010 and 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>DEBT SECURITIES</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The following description, together with the additional information
we include in any applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the debt securities that we
may offer under this prospectus.&nbsp;While the terms we have summarized below will generally apply to any future debt securities
we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail
in the applicable prospectus supplement or a free writing prospectus. The terms of any debt securities we offer under a prospectus
supplement or a free writing prospectus may differ from the terms we describe below.&nbsp;As of the date of this prospectus, we
have no outstanding registered debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We will issue senior notes under a senior indenture, which we will
enter into with the trustee to be named in the senior indenture. We will issue subordinated notes under a subordinated indenture,
which we will enter into with the trustee to be named in the subordinated indenture. We have filed forms of these documents as
exhibits to the Registration Statement of which this prospectus is a part. We use the term &ldquo;indentures&rdquo; to refer to
both the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of
1939, unless an exemption from the qualification provisions is applicable.&nbsp;References to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 include
all amendments thereto. We use the term &ldquo;debenture trustee&rdquo; to refer to either the senior trustee or the subordinated
trustee, as applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 22; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->16<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The following summaries of material provisions of the senior notes,
the subordinated notes and the indentures are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of
the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities, and all supplements thereto. We urge you to read the applicable
prospectus supplements related to the debt securities that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the complete indentures that
contain the terms of the debt securities.&nbsp;Except as we may otherwise indicate, the terms of the senior and the subordinated
indentures are identical.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>General</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The terms of each series of debt securities will be established
by or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and set forth or determined in the manner provided in an officers&rsquo;
certificate or by a supplemental indenture. Debt securities may be issued in separate series without limitation as to aggregate
principal amount. We may specify a maximum aggregate principal amount for the debt securities of any series. In addition, the particular
terms of each series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to such series, including any pricing
supplement. The prospectus supplement will set forth, among other things:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the title;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the principal amount being offered, and, if a series, the total amount authorized and the total amount outstanding;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any limit on the amount that may be issued;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether or not we will issue the series of debt securities in global form and, if so, the terms and who the depositary will be;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the maturity date;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether and under what circumstances, if any, we will pay additional amounts on any debt securities held by a person who is not a U.S. person for tax purposes, and whether we can redeem the debt securities if we have to pay such additional amounts;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the annual interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate, the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated debt, if applicable;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the place where payments will be payable;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the date, if any, after which, the conditions upon which, and the price at which we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions, and any other applicable terms of those redemption provisions;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder&rsquo;s option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether the indenture will restrict our ability and/or the ability of our subsidiaries to, among other things:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">incur additional indebtedness;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 23; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->17<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">issue additional securities;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">create liens;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">pay dividends and make distributions in respect of our capital stock and the capital stock of our subsidiaries;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">redeem capital stock;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">place restrictions on our subsidiaries&rsquo; ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">make investments or other restricted payments;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">sell or otherwise dispose of assets;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">enter into sale-leaseback transactions;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">engage in transactions with stockholders and affiliates;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">issue or sell stock of our subsidiaries; or</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">effect a consolidation or merger;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether the indenture will require us to maintain any interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial ratios;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">information describing any book-entry features;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">provisions for a sinking fund purchase or other analogous fund, if any;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether the debt securities are to be offered at a price such that they will be deemed to be offered at an &ldquo;original issue discount&rdquo; as defined in paragraph (a)&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;1273 of the Internal Revenue Code;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">if other than dollars, the currency in which the series of debt securities will be denominated; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, including any events of default that are in addition to those described in this prospectus or any covenants provided with respect to the debt securities that are in addition to those described above, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of the debt securities.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Conversion or Exchange Rights</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We will set forth in the prospectus supplement the terms on which
a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for common stock or other securities of ours or a third party,
including the conversion or exchange rate, as applicable, or how it will be calculated, and the applicable conversion or exchange
period.&nbsp;We will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our
option.&nbsp;We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of our securities or the securities of a third party that the
holders of the series of debt securities receive upon conversion or exchange would, under the circumstances described in those
provisions, be subject to adjustment, or pursuant to which those holders would, under those circumstances, receive other property
upon conversion or exchange, for example in the event of our merger or consolidation with another entity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 24; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->18<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Consolidation, Merger or Sale</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The indentures in the forms initially filed as exhibits to the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part do not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or
sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. However, any successor of ours or the acquirer
of such assets must assume all of our obligations under the indentures and the debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If the debt securities are convertible for our other securities,
the person with whom we consolidate or merge or to whom we sell all of our property must make provisions for the conversion of
the debt securities into securities that the holders of the debt securities would have received if they had converted the debt
securities before the consolidation, merger or sale.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Events of Default under the Indenture</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The following are events of default under the indentures in the
forms initially filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">if we fail to pay interest when due and payable and our failure continues for 90 days and the time for payment has not been extended or deferred;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">if we fail to pay the principal, sinking fund payment or premium, if any, when due and payable and the time for payment has not been extended or delayed;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant contained in the debt securities or the indentures, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90 days after we receive notice from the debenture trustee or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series
occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the debenture trustee or the
holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing,
and to the debenture trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal of, premium, if any, and accrued
interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs with respect
to us, the principal amount of and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and
payable without any notice or other action on the part of the debenture trustee or any holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences,
except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default
or event of default in accordance with the indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Subject to the terms of the indentures, if an event of default under
an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the debenture trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or
powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless
such holders have offered the debenture trustee reasonable indemnity. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy
available to the debenture trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the debenture trustee, with respect to the debt
securities of that series, provided that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 25; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->19<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the debenture trustee need not take any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the proceeding.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">A holder of the debt securities of any series will only have the
right to institute a proceeding under the indentures or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the holder has given written notice to the debenture trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request, and such holders have offered reasonable indemnity, to the debenture trustee to institute the proceeding as trustee; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the debenture trustee does not institute the proceeding and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90 days after the notice, request and offer.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder
of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We will periodically file statements with the debenture trustee
regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indentures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Modification of Indenture; Waiver</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We and the debenture trustee may change an indenture without the
consent of any holders with respect to specific matters, including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">to fix any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">to comply with the provisions described above under &ldquo;&mdash;Consolidation, Merger or Sale&rdquo;;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">to provide for uncertificated debt securities and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">to add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms or purposes of issuance, authorization and delivery of debt securities or any series, as set forth in the indenture;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the debt securities of any series as provided under &ldquo;&mdash;General&rdquo; to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of the indenture or any series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">to add to our covenants such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the protection of the holders, to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default, or to surrender any of our rights or powers under the indenture; or</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">to change anything that does not materially adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 26; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->20<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">In addition, under the indentures, the rights of holders of a series
of debt securities may be changed by us and the debenture trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority
in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, we and the debenture
trustee may only make the following changes with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">extending the fixed maturity of the series of debt securities;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption of any debt securities; or</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Discharge</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Each indenture provides that we can elect to be discharged from
our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except that the following obligations, among others survive
until the maturity date or the redemption date:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">maintain paying agencies;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">hold monies for payment in trust; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">appoint any successor trustee;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">and the following obligations survive the maturity date or the redemption
date:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">recover excess money held by the debenture trustee; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">compensate and indemnify the debenture trustee.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">As more fully set forth in the indentures, in order to exercise
our rights to be discharged, we must either deliver for cancellation all securities of a series to the debenture trustee or must
deposit with the debenture trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium, if any,
and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Form, Exchange and Transfer</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered
form without coupons and, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any
integral multiple thereof.&nbsp;The indentures provide that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent
global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, New York,
New York, known as DTC, or another depositary named by us and identified in a prospectus supplement with respect to that series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indentures
and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities
of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and
of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 27; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->21<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable
to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities
for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required
by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us
for this purpose.&nbsp;Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will
make no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental
charges.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We will name in a board resolution the security registrar, and any
transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities.&nbsp;We may at any time
designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through
which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt
securities of each series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will
not be required to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of any series being redeemed in part during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Information Concerning the Debenture Trustee</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The debenture trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance
of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable
indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the debenture trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person
would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to this provision, the debenture trustee is under no obligation
to exercise any of the powers given it by the indentures at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable
security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Payment and Paying Agents</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement,
we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities,
or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We will name in the applicable board resolution any other paying
agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series.&nbsp;We will maintain a paying agent in each
place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">All money we pay to a paying agent or the debenture trustee for
the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two years
after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security
thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Governing Law</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by and construed
in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>Subordination of Subordinated Debt Securities</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior
in priority of payment to certain of our other indebtedness to the extent described in a prospectus supplement.&nbsp;The indentures
in the forms initially filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement of which this prospectus is a part do not limit the amount
of indebtedness that we may incur, including senior indebtedness or subordinated indebtedness, and do not limit us from issuing
any other debt, including secured debt or unsecured debt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 28; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->22<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>RIGHTS </I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We may issue rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock or
warrants that we may offer to our security holders in one or more series. The rights may or may not be transferable by the persons
purchasing or receiving the rights. In connection with any rights offering, we may enter into a standby underwriting or other arrangement
with one or more underwriters or other persons pursuant to which such underwriters or other persons would purchase any offered
securities remaining unsubscribed for after such rights offering. Each series of rights will be issued under a separate rights
agent agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as rights agent, that we will name in the applicable
prospectus supplement. The rights agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the rights and will not assume any obligation
or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders of rights certificates or beneficial owners of rights. A copy of the
form of rights agent or subscription agent agreement, including the form of rights certificate representing a series of rights,
will be filed with the SEC in connection with the offering of a particular series of rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The prospectus supplement relating to any rights that we offer will
include specific terms relating to the offering, including, among other matters:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the title of the rights;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the securities for which the rights are exercisable;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the date of determining the security holders entitled to the rights distribution;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the aggregate number of rights issued and the aggregate number of shares of common stock or preferred stock or warrants purchasable upon exercise of the rights;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the extent to which the rights are transferable;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the exercise price;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the rights;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the conditions to completion of the rights offering;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any applicable federal income tax considerations;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or other purchase arrangement that we may enter into in connection with the rights offering;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the date on which the right to exercise the rights will commence and the date on which the rights will expire; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any other terms of the rights, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the rights.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Each right would entitle the holder of the rights to purchase for
cash the amount of shares of common stock or preferred stock or warrants at the exercise price set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement. Rights may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date for the rights provided in the
applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, all unexercised rights will become void.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 29; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->23<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We may determine to offer any unsubscribed securities directly to
persons other than our security holders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods,
including pursuant to standby arrangements, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Until a holder exercises the rights to purchase shares of our common
stock or preferred stock or warrants, the holder will not have any rights as a holder of shares of our common stock or preferred
stock or warrants, as the case may be, by virtue of ownership of the rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B><I>UNITS</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We may issue units consisting of one or more of the other securities
described in this prospectus, in any prospectus supplement or a free writing prospectus in any combination. Each unit will be issued
so that the holder of the unit is also the holder, with the rights and obligations of a holder, of each security included in the
unit. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred
separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date or upon the occurrence of a specified event or occurrence.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus
will describe:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any unit agreement under which the units will be issued;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether the units will be issued in fully registered or global form.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 30; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->24<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_009"></A>PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We may sell the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus from
time to time in one or more transactions, including, without limitation:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">to or through underwriters;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">through broker-dealers
(acting as agent or principal);</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">through agents;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">directly by us to one or
more purchasers (including our affiliates and stockholders), through a specific bidding or auction process, a rights offering
or otherwise;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">through a combination of
any such methods of sale; or</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">through any other methods
described in a prospectus supplement.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.1in">The distribution of securities may be effected, from time
to time, in one or more transactions, including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.1in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">block transactions (which
may involve crosses) and transactions on The Nasdaq Capital Market or any other organized market where the securities may be traded;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">purchases by a broker-dealer
as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its own account pursuant to a prospectus supplement;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ordinary brokerage transactions
and transactions in which a broker-dealer solicits purchasers;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">sales &ldquo;at the market&rdquo;
to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market, on an exchange or otherwise; and</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">sales in other ways not
involving market makers or established trading markets, including direct sales to purchasers.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of
the offering of the securities, including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the name or names of
any underwriters, if, and if required, any dealers or agents;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the purchase price of
the securities and the proceeds we will receive from the sale;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any underwriting discounts
and other items constituting underwriters&rsquo; compensation;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any discounts or concessions
allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers; and</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any securities exchange
or market on which the securities may be listed or traded.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We may distribute the securities from time to time in one or more
transactions at:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">a fixed price or prices,
which may be changed;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">market prices prevailing
at the time of sale;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">prices related to such
prevailing market prices; or</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 97%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">negotiated prices.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 31; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->25<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement are underwriters
of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If underwriters are used in an offering, we will execute an underwriting
agreement with such underwriters and will specify the name of each underwriter and the terms of the transaction (including any
underwriting discounts and other terms constituting compensation of the underwriters and any dealers) in a prospectus supplement.
The securities may be offered to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or directly
by one or more investment banking firms or others, as designated. If an underwriting syndicate is used, the managing underwriter(s)
will be specified on the cover of the prospectus supplement. If underwriters are used in the sale, the offered securities will
be acquired by the underwriters for their own accounts and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including
negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. Any public offering
price and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time. Unless otherwise
set forth in the prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the offered securities will be subject
to conditions precedent, and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the offered securities, if any are purchased.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We may grant to the underwriters options to purchase additional
securities to cover over-allotments, if any, at the public offering price, with additional underwriting commissions or discounts,
as may be set forth in a related prospectus supplement. The terms of any over-allotment option will be set forth in the prospectus
supplement for those securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If a dealer is used in the sale of the securities, we, or an underwriter,
will sell the securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices
to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale. To the extent required, we will set forth in the prospectus supplement, document
incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus, as applicable, the name of the dealer and the terms of the transactions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We may sell the securities directly or through agents we designate
from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions
we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by institutional
investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed
delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these
contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">In connection with the sale of the securities, underwriters, dealers
or agents may receive compensation from us or from purchasers of the securities for whom they act as agents, in the form of discounts,
concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers may receive compensation
in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may
act as agents. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities, and any institutional investors
or others that purchase securities directly for the purpose of resale or distribution, may be deemed to be underwriters, and any
discounts or commissions received by them from us and any profit on the resale of the common stock by them may be deemed to be
underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. No FINRA member firm may receive compensation in excess of that
allowable under FINRA rules, including Rule 5110, in connection with the offering of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We may provide agents, underwriters and other purchasers with indemnification
against particular civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments
that the agents, underwriters or other purchasers may make with respect to such liabilities. Agents and underwriters may engage
in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">To facilitate the public offering of a series of securities, persons
participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain, or otherwise affect the market price of the
securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involves the sale by persons participating
in the offering of more securities than have been sold to them by us. In addition, those persons may stabilize or maintain the
price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling
concessions allowed to underwriters or dealers participating in any such offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are
repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the
market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. Such transactions, if commenced,
may be discontinued at any time. We make no representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the
transactions described above, if implemented, may have on the price of our securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 32; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->26<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement,
any common stock sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement will be eligible for trading as listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market.
Any underwriters to whom securities are sold by us for public offering and sale may make a market in the securities, but such underwriters
will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">In order to comply with the securities laws of some states, if applicable,
the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus will be sold in those states only through registered or licensed brokers or
dealers. In addition, in some states securities may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable
state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">So long as the aggregate market value of our voting and non-voting
common equity held by non-affiliates is less than $75,000,000 and so long as required by the rules of the SEC, the amount of securities
we may offer hereunder will be limited such that the aggregate market value of securities sold by us during a period of 12 calendar
months cannot exceed one-third of the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">To the extent required, this prospectus may be amended or supplemented
from time to time to describe a specific plan of distribution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_010"></A>LEGAL MATTERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The validity of the issuance of the offered securities will be passed
upon for us by Pepper Hamilton LLP, New York, New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_011"></A>EXPERTS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Marcum LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited
our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2016, as set
forth in their report, which is incorporated by reference in the prospectus and elsewhere in this registration statement. Our consolidated
financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance on Marcum LLP&rsquo;s report, given on their authority as experts
in accounting and auditing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 33; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->27<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_012"></A>WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">This prospectus and any subsequent prospectus supplements do not
contain all of the information in the Registration Statement. We have omitted from this prospectus some parts of the Registration
Statement as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Statements in this prospectus concerning any document we have filed
as an exhibit to the Registration Statement or that we otherwise filed with the SEC are not intended to be comprehensive and are
qualified in their entirety by reference to these filings. In addition, we file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements
and other information with the SEC. You may&nbsp;read and copy any documents that we have filed with the SEC at the SEC&rsquo;s
Public Reference Room at 100&nbsp;F&nbsp;Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330
for further information about the operation of the Public Reference Room. The SEC also maintains an website that contains reports,
proxy and information statements and other information that registrants file electronically with the SEC, including us. The SEC&rsquo;s
website can be found at <U>http://www.sec.gov</U>. In addition, we make available on or through our website copies of these reports
as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnished them to the SEC. Our website can be found at <U>http:www.adnas.com</U>.
Our website is not a part of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_013"></A>INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We have elected to incorporate certain information by reference
into this prospectus. By incorporating by reference, we can disclose important information to you by referring you to other documents
we have filed or will file with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, except
for information incorporated by reference that is superseded by information contained in this prospectus. This means that you must
look at all of the SEC filings that we incorporate by reference to determine if any statements in the prospectus or any document
previously incorporated by reference have been modified or superseded. This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents
set forth below that we have previously filed with the SEC, except in each case the information contained in such document to the
extent &ldquo;furnished&rdquo; and not &ldquo;filed&rdquo;:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Our Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, filed with the SEC on December 6, 2016.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Our Quarterly Report
on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2016, filed with the SEC on February 9, 2017.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Our Quarterly Report
on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on May 11, 2017.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Our Current Reports
on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 10, 2016 (except Exhibit 99.1), November 3, 2016 (except Exhibit 99.1), December 6,
2016 (except Item 2.02 and Exhibit 99.1), February 9, 2017 (except Item 2.02 and Exhibit 99.1), March 11, 2017 and May 11, 2017.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The description of our
capital stock contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-36745) filed with the Commission on November 13,
2014, pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such
description.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We also incorporate by reference all documents we file in the future
pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and prior to the sale of all
the securities covered by this prospectus (including all such documents filed with the SEC after the date of the initial filing
of the Registration Statement that contains this prospectus and prior to effectiveness of the Registration Statement or after such
effectiveness), except in each case the information contained in such document to the extent &ldquo;furnished&rdquo; and not &ldquo;filed.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">You may&nbsp;obtain copies of these documents on the website maintained
by the SEC at <U>http://www.sec.gov</U>, or from us without charge (other than exhibits to such documents, unless such exhibits
are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents) by writing us at Corporate Secretary, Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.,
50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790 or visiting our website at <U>http://www.adnas.com</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 34; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->28<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to
be incorporated by reference in this prospectus shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for the purposes of this prospectus
to the extent that a statement contained herein, any prospectus supplement or in any other subsequently filed document which also
is or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes that statement. Any statement so modified or superseded
shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 35; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->29<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 15.1pt; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 15.1pt; text-align: center"><B>PART II</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The following table sets forth our estimated costs and expenses
in connection with the registration of our securities as described in this registration statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 2px solid">AMOUNT</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="width: 87%; text-align: left">SEC Registration Fee</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right">2,898</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Legal Fees and Expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Accounting Fees and Expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Trustees&rsquo; Fees and Expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Warrant Agent Fees and Expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Miscellaneous Expenses</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in">* Estimated expenses are not presently known because they
depend upon, among other things, the number of offerings that will be made pursuant to this registration statement, the amount
and type of securities being offered and the timing of such offerings. The foregoing sets forth the general categories of expenses
(other than underwriting discounts and commissions) that we anticipate we will incur in connection with the offering of securities
under this registration statement on Form S-3. An estimate of the aggregate expenses in connection with the issuance and distribution
of the securities being offered will be included in the applicable prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Our Certificate of Incorporation provides to the fullest extent
permitted by Delaware law that our directors or officers shall not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for damages for
breach of such director&rsquo;s or officer&rsquo;s fiduciary duty. The effect of this provision of our Certificate of Incorporation
is to eliminate our rights and the rights of our stockholders (through stockholders&rsquo; derivative suits on behalf of our company)
to recover damages against a director or officer for breach of the fiduciary duty of care as a director or officer (including breaches
resulting from negligent or grossly negligent behavior), except under certain situations defined by statute. We believe that the
indemnification provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors
and officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Our Certificate of Incorporation also provides that we shall have
the power to indemnify, to the extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as it presently exists or may hereafter
be amended from time to time, any employee or agent of ours who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding
by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of ours or is or was serving at our request
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including
service with respect to employee benefit plans, against expenses (including attorneys&rsquo; fees), judgments, fines and amounts
paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any such proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Section 9.3 of our by-laws provides for the indemnification of our
directors, officers and employees to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We have entered into an indemnification agreement (each, an &ldquo;<U>Indemnification
Agreement</U>&rdquo;) with each of our directors and executive officers. In general, the Indemnification Agreement obligates us
to indemnify a director or executive officer, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, for certain expenses, including
attorneys&rsquo; fees, judgments, penalties, fines and settlement amounts actually and reasonably incurred by them in any action
or proceeding arising out of their services as one of our directors or executive officers, or any of our subsidiaries or any other
company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request. In addition, the Indemnification Agreement provides
for the advancement of expenses incurred by the indemnitee in connection with any covered proceeding to the fullest extent permitted
by applicable law. The rights provided by the Indemnification Agreement are in addition to any other rights to indemnification
or advancement of expenses to which the indemnitee may be entitled under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or by-laws,
or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 36; Options: NewSection; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">II-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->1<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of ours pursuant to the foregoing provisions,
or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in
the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other
than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of ours in the successful defense
of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities
being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to
a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">We maintain a director and officer insurance policy that covers
certain liabilities of our directors and officers arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors
or officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>Item 16. Exhibits.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">See Index of Exhibits immediately following the signature page of
this registration statement and is incorporated herein by reference.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>Item 17. Undertakings.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">a.</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The undersigned Registrant
hereby undertakes:</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To file, during any
period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.4in; text-indent: -0.4in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">i.</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To include any prospectus
required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.4in; text-indent: -0.4in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ii.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &ldquo;Calculation of Registration Fee&rdquo; table in the effective registration statement.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.4in; text-indent: -0.4in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">iii.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.25in"><I>Provided however</I>, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii)
and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those
paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d)
of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed
pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 37; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">II-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.75in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial <I>bona fide</I> offering thereof.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.75in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.75in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">i.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ii.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.75in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">That, for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.4in; text-indent: -0.4in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">i.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1.4in; text-indent: -0.4in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ii.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">iii.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">iv.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">b.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant&rsquo;s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&rsquo;s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial <I>bona fide</I> offering thereof.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 38; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">II-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">c.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">d.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities
        Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon
        Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities
        Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities
        Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
        relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
        <I>bona fide</I> offering thereof.</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">e.</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 39; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">II-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>SIGNATURES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the Registrant
certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly
caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of Stony
Brook, State of New York on May 22, 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.,</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">a Delaware corporation</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 56%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ James A. Hayward</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Dr. James A. Hayward</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer, President, Chairman</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 15.1pt; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 40; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">II-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 15.1pt; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 15.1pt; text-align: center"><B>POWER OF ATTORNEY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Each person whose signature appears below appoints Dr. James A.
Hayward and Ms. Beth Jantzen, and each of them, any of whom may act without the joinder of the other, as his true and lawful attorney-in-fact
and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities,
to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement and any Registration Statement
(including any amendment thereto) for this offering that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462 under the Securities
Act of 1933 and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all other documents in connection therewith, with the SEC, granting
unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary
to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or would do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said
attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them of their or his substitute and substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by
virtue hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 this
registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 34%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Signature</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 32%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Title</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 32%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Date</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ JAMES A. HAYWARD</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">James A. Hayward</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer (<I>Principal Executive Officer</I>), President, Chairman of the Board of Directors and Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">May 22, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ BETH JANTZEN</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Beth Jantzen</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer (<I>Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer</I>)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">May 22, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ JOHN BITZER, III</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">John Bitzer, III</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">May 22, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ ROBERT B. CATELL</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Robert B. Catell</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">May 22, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ JOSEPH D. CECCOLI&#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Joseph D. Ceccoli</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">May 22, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ CHARLES S. RYAN</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Charles S. Ryan</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">May 22, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ YACOV A. SHAMASH</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Yacov A. Shamash</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">May 22, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ SANFORD R. SIMON</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Sanford R. Simon</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">May 22, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 41; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">II-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>INDEX OF EXHIBITS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The following documents are filed as exhibits
to this registration statement, including those exhibits incorporated herein by reference to a prior filing under the Securities
Act or the Exchange Act:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit</B>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="5" NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Incorporated by Reference</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Filed or</B></FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Furnished</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 7%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Number</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 48%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Description</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 10%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Form</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 10%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>File No.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 10%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Date Filed</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Herewith</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1.1*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Underwriting Agreement</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1.2*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Subscription Agreement</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Incorporation</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">002-90539</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1/16/2009</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">002-90539</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6/30/2010</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Second Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">002-90539</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1/30/2012</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Third Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">002-90539</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10/29/2014</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Certificate of Designations of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">002-90539</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">11/29/2012</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Certificate of Designations of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">002-90539</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7/22/2013</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3.7</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By-laws</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">002-90539</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1/16/2009</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of senior indenture, to be entered into between the registrant and the trustee designated therein</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.2*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of senior note with respect to each particular series of senior notes issued hereunder</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of subordinated indenture to be entered into between the registrant and the trustee designated therein</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;Filed</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.4*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of subordinated note with respect to each particular series of subordinated notes issued hereunder</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.5*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate with respect to each warrant issued hereunder</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.6*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Certificate of designation, preferences and rights with respect to any preferred stock issued hereunder</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.7*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Rights Certificate</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.8*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Rights Agent Agreement or Subscription Agent Agreement</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.9*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Unit Agreement</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Opinion of Pepper Hamilton LLP</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">23.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Consent of Marcum LLP</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">23.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Consent of Pepper Hamilton LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">24.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Power of Attorney (contained on the signature page)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">25.1*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, of designated trustee under the senior indenture</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">25.2*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, of designated trustee under the subordinated indenture</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To be filed by amendment
or as an exhibit to a report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and incorporated
herein by reference.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 42; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">II-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->7<!-- Field: /Sequence --></TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>t1700338_ex4-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 3pt"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 4.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>Company</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>AND</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>[TRUSTEE]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>Trustee</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>INDENTURE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>Dated as of [&middot;], 20[&middot;]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>Senior Debt Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><B><U>table of contents</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 22%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 70%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Article 1</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DEFINITIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 1.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Definitions of Terms.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.875in; text-indent: -0.875in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Article 2</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designation and Terms of Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Securities and Trustee&rsquo;s Certificate.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Denominations: Provisions for Payment.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Execution and Authentication.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registration of Transfer and Exchange.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.06.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Temporary Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.07.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.08.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cancellation.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.09.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Benefits of Indenture.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.10.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Authenticating Agent.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.11.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Global Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.875in; text-indent: -0.875in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Article 3</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Redemption.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice of Redemption.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment Upon Redemption.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sinking Fund.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.06.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Article 4</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">COVENANTS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Maintenance of Office or Agency.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Paying Agents.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compliance with Consolidation Provisions.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.875in; text-indent: -0.875in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Article 5</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECURITYHOLDERS&rsquo; LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 5.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 5.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 5.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reports by the Company.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2; Options: NewSection; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: LowerRoman; Name: PageNo -->i<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 22%; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 70%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 5.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reports by the Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.875in; text-indent: -0.875in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Article 6</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Events of Default.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Application of Moneys or Property Collected.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Limitation on Suits.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.06.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Control by Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.07.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Undertaking to Pay Costs.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.875in; text-indent: -0.875in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Article 7</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain Rights of Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">May Hold Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Moneys Held in Trust.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.06.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compensation and Reimbursement.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.07.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reliance on Officers&rsquo; Certificate.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.08.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.09.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.10.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.11.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Acceptance of Appointment By Successor.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.12.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.13.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.14.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice of Default</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Article 8</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evidence of Action by Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proof of Execution by Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Who May be Deemed Owners.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Actions Binding on Future Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Article 9</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effect of Supplemental Indentures.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Execution of Supplemental Indentures.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: LowerRoman; Name: PageNo -->ii<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Article 10</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SUCCESSOR ENTITY</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 22%; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 70%; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Company May Consolidate, Etc.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Successor Entity Substituted.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">39</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evidence of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">39</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Article 11</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">39</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">39</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Discharge of Obligations.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Repayment to Company.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.875in; text-indent: -0.875in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Article 12</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 12.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No Recourse.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Article 13</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effect on Successors and Assigns.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Actions by Successor.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Surrender of Company Powers.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notices.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Governing Law.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.06.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Treatment of Securities as Debt.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.07.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.08.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payments on Business Days.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.09.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.10.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indenture and Securities Solely Corporate Obligations.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.11.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Counterparts.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.12.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Separability.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.13.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compliance Certificates.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 25%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(1)</TD><TD>This Table of Contents does not constitute part of the Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any
of its terms or provisions.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: LowerRoman; Name: PageNo -->iii<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><B>INDENTURE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>INDENTURE</B>, dated as of [&middot;], 20[&middot;],
among APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;), and [TRUSTEE], as trustee (the
&ldquo;<B><I>Trustee</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>WHEREAS</B>, for its lawful corporate purposes,
the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance of debt securities (hereinafter
referred to as the &ldquo;Securities&rdquo;), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to time in one
or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered Securities without coupons, to be authenticated by the certificate
of the Trustee;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>WHEREAS</B>, to provide the terms and conditions
upon which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly authorized the execution of this
Indenture; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>WHEREAS</B>, all things necessary to make
this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>NOW, THEREFORE</B>, in consideration of the
premises and the purchase of the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal
and ratable benefit of the holders of Securities:</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
1</FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">DEFINITIONS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Definitions
of Terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The terms defined in this Section (except as
in this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) for
all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section
and shall include the plural as well as the singular. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined in the Trust Indenture
Act of 1939, as amended, or that are by reference in such Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (except as herein
or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall have the meanings
assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution of this
instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Authenticating Agent</I></B>&rdquo;
means an authenticating agent with respect to all or any of the series of Securities appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section
2.10.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Bankruptcy Law</I></B>&rdquo; means
Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Board of Directors</I></B>&rdquo;
means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of such Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Board Resolution</I></B>&rdquo;
means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the
Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Business Day</I></B>&rdquo; means,
with respect to any series of Securities, any day other than a day on which federal or state banking institutions in the Borough
of Manhattan, the City of New York, or in the city of the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, are authorized or obligated by
law, executive order or regulation to close.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Certificate</I></B>&rdquo; means
a certificate signed by any Officer. The Certificate need not comply with the provisions of Section 13.07.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo; means Applied
DNA Sciences, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and, subject to the provisions
of Article Ten, shall also include its successors and assigns.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Corporate Trust Office</I></B>&rdquo;
means the office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally administered,
which office at the date hereof is located at.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Custodian</I></B>&rdquo; means
any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Default</I></B>&rdquo; means any
event, act or condition that with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Depositary</I></B>&rdquo; means,
with respect to Securities of any series for which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a Global
Security, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing
agency under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;), or other applicable statute or regulation,
which, in each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to either Section 2.01 or 2.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Event of Default</I></B>&rdquo;
means, with respect to Securities of a particular series, any event specified in Section 6.01, continued for the period of time,
if any, therein designated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Global Security</I></B>&rdquo;
means, with respect to any series of Securities, a Security executed by the Company and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary
or pursuant to the Depositary&rsquo;s instruction, all in accordance with the Indenture, which shall be registered in the name
of the Depositary or its nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6; Options: NewSection; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Governmental Obligations</I></B>&rdquo;
means securities that are (a) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit
is pledged or (b) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United
States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States
of America that, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the Company thereof at any time prior to the stated
maturity of the Securities, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect
to any such Governmental Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Governmental Obligation held
by such custodian for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required by law)
such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any
amount received by the custodian in respect of the Governmental Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest
on the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>herein</I></B>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<B><I>hereof</I>&rdquo;</B>
and &ldquo;<B><I>hereunder</I></B>,&rdquo; and other words of similar import, refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any
particular Article, Section or other subdivision.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Indenture</I></B>&rdquo; means
this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental
hereto entered into in accordance with the terms hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Interest Payment Date</I></B>,&rdquo;
when used with respect to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date specified in such Security
or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment
of interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Officer</I></B>&rdquo; means, with
respect to the Company, the chairman of the Board of Directors, a chief executive officer, a president, a chief financial officer,
chief operating officer, any executive vice president, any senior vice president, any vice president, the treasurer or any assistant
treasurer, the controller or any assistant controller or the secretary or any assistant secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Officers&rsquo; Certificate</I></B>&rdquo;
means a certificate signed by any two Officers. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.07,
if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Opinion of Counsel</I></B>&rdquo;
means an opinion in writing subject to customary exceptions of legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company,
that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for
in Section 13.07, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Outstanding</I></B>,&rdquo; when
used with reference to Securities of any series, means, subject to the provisions of Section 8.04, as of any particular time, all
Securities of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except (a) Securities theretofore
canceled by the Trustee or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying agent for cancellation or that have previously
been canceled; (b) Securities or portions thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or Governmental Obligations in
the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall
have been set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own paying agent); provided, however,
that if such Securities or portions of such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption
shall have been given as in Article Three provided, or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such
notice; and (c) Securities in lieu of or in substitution for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered
pursuant to the terms of Section 2.07.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 7; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Person</I></B>&rdquo; means any
individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, limited liability company, association, trust, unincorporated
organization, any other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality
thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Predecessor Security</I></B>&rdquo;
of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.07 in lieu
of a lost, destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Responsible Officer</I></B>&rdquo;
when used with respect to the Trustee means the chairman of its board of directors, the chief executive officer, the president,
any vice president, the secretary, the treasurer, any trust officer, any corporate trust officer or any other officer or assistant
officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be such
officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with
the particular subject.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Securities</I></B>&rdquo; means
the debt Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Security Register</I></B>&rdquo;
and &ldquo;<B><I>Security Registrar</I></B>&rdquo; shall have the meanings as set forth in Section 2.05.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Securityholder</I></B>,&rdquo;
&ldquo;<B><I>holder of Securities</I></B>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<B><I>registered holder</I></B>,&rdquo; or other similar term, means the
Person or Persons in whose name or names a particular Security shall be registered on the books of the Company kept for that purpose
in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Subsidiary</I></B>&rdquo; means,
with respect to any Person, (i) any corporation at least a majority of whose outstanding Voting Stock shall at the time be owned,
directly or indirectly, by such Person or by one or more of its Subsidiaries or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries,
(ii) any general partnership, joint venture or similar entity, at least a majority of whose outstanding partnership or similar
interests shall at the time be owned by such Person, or by one or more of its Subsidiaries, or by such Person and one or more of
its Subsidiaries and (iii) any limited partnership of which such Person or any of its Subsidiaries is a general partner.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Trust Indenture Act</I></B>&rdquo;
means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Trustee</I></B>&rdquo; means, and,
subject to the provisions of Article Seven, shall also include its successors and assigns, and, if at any time there is more than
one Person acting in such capacity hereunder, &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; shall mean each such Person. The term &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo;
as used with respect to a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Voting Stock</I></B>,&rdquo; as
applied to stock of any Person, means shares, interests, participations or other equivalents in the equity interest (however designated)
in such Person having ordinary voting power for the election of a majority of the directors (or the equivalent) of such Person,
other than shares, interests, participations or other equivalents having such power only by reason of the occurrence of a contingency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 8; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
2</FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Designation
and Terms of Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities
may be issued in one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized
by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the initial issuance of
Securities of any series, there shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo;
Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that series from all other Securities);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture
(except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities
of that series);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable, any original issue discount that may apply to
the Securities of that series upon their issuance, the principal amount due at maturity, and the place(s) of payment;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest or the manner of calculation of such rate or rates, if
any;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable or the manner
of determination of such Interest Payment Dates, the place(s) of payment, and the record date for the determination of holders
to whom interest is payable on any such Interest Payment Dates or the manner of determination of such record dates;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of such extension, including the maximum consecutive periods
during which interest payments may be extended;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(7)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may
be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 9; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(8)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund, mandatory redemption,
or analogous provisions (including payments made in cash in satisfaction of future sinking fund obligations) or at the option of
a holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon which,
Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(9)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
form of the Securities of the series including the form of the Certificate of Authentication for such series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(10)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if
other than denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the
Securities of the series shall be issuable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(11)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
and all other terms (including terms, to the extent applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the Securities of that
series and any security for the obligations of the Company with respect to such Securities) with respect to such series (which
terms shall not be inconsistent with the terms of this Indenture, as amended by any supplemental indenture) including any terms
which may be required by or advisable under United States laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of
Securities of that series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(12)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;whether
the Securities are issuable as a Global Security and, in such case, the terms and the identity of the Depositary for such series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(13)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;whether
the Securities will be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock or other securities of the Company or any other
Person and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion
or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at the Company&rsquo;s
option or the holders&rsquo; option) conversion or exchange features, and the applicable conversion or exchange period;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(14)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if
other than the principal amount thereof, the portion, or methods of determining the portion, of the principal amount of Securities
of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.01;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(15)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
additional or different Events of Default or restrictive covenants (which may include, among other restrictions, restrictions on
the Company&rsquo;s ability or the ability of the Company&rsquo;s Subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue additional
securities; create liens; pay dividends or make distributions in respect of their capital stock; redeem capital stock; place restrictions
on such Subsidiaries placing restrictions on their ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets; make investments
or other restricted payments; sell or otherwise dispose of assets; enter into sale-leaseback transactions; engage in transactions
with stockholders and affiliates; issue or sell stock of their Subsidiaries; or effect a consolidation or merger) or financial
covenants (which may include, among other financial covenants, financial covenants that require the Company and its Subsidiaries
to maintain specified interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based or asset-based ratios) provided for with respect to the
Securities of the series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 10; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(16)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if
other than dollars, the coin or currency in which the Securities of the series are denominated (including, but not limited to,
foreign currency);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(17)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
terms and conditions, if any, upon which the Company shall pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and
principal amounts of the Securities of the series to any Securityholder that is not a &ldquo;United States person&rdquo; for federal
tax purposes; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(18)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the Securities of the series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">All Securities of any one series shall be substantially
identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to any such Board Resolution or in any
indentures supplemental hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If any of the terms of the series are established
by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified
by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers&rsquo;
Certificate of the Company setting forth the terms of the series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Securities of any particular series may be issued
at various times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal is payable, with different rates
of interest, if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such interest
may be payable and with different redemption dates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Form
of Securities and Trustee&rsquo;s Certificate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Securities of any series and the Trustee&rsquo;s
certificate of authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the tenor and purport as set forth in one
or more indentures supplemental hereto or as provided in a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, and
they may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed
or engraved thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as
may be required to comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any
securities exchange on which Securities of that series may be listed, or to conform to usage.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Denominations:
Provisions for Payment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Securities shall be issuable as registered
Securities and in the denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, subject to Section
2.01(a)(10). The Securities of a particular series shall bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with respect
to that series. Subject to Section 2.01(a)(16), the principal of and the interest on the Securities of any series, as well as any
premium thereon in case of redemption thereof prior to maturity, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the United States
of America that at the time is legal tender for public and private debt, at the office or agency of the Company maintained for
that purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.
Interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 11; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->7<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The interest installment on any Security that
is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of that series shall be paid
to the Person in whose name said Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the
regular record date for such interest installment. In the event that any Security of a particular series or portion thereof is
called for redemption and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any Interest Payment Date
and prior to such Interest Payment Date, interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such Security
as provided in Section 3.03.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any interest on any Security that is payable,
but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the same series (herein called
&ldquo;<B><I>Defaulted Interest</I></B>&rdquo;) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular
record date by virtue of having been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the Company, at its election, as
provided in clause (1) or clause (2) below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective
Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest,
which shall be fixed in the following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest
proposed to be paid on each such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit
with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or
shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when
deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon
the Trustee shall fix a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less
than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice
of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such special record date and, in the name and at the
expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor
to be mailed, first class postage prepaid, or delivered by hand or overnight courier to each Securityholder at his or her address
as it appears in the Security Register (as hereinafter defined), not less than 10 days prior to such special record date. Notice
of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor having been mailed or delivered as aforesaid,
such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities)
are registered on such special record date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements
of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if,
after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall
be deemed practicable by the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 12; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->8<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution
or one or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof,
the term &ldquo;regular record date&rdquo; as used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities and any Interest Payment
Date for such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment
Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the first day of
a month, or the first day of the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof
shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a Business Day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the foregoing provisions of this
Section, each Security of a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security
of such series shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Execution
and Authentication.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Securities shall be signed on behalf of
the Company by one of its Officers. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile signature.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company may use the facsimile signature
of any Person who shall have been an Officer, notwithstanding the fact that at the time the Securities shall be authenticated and
delivered or disposed of such Person shall have ceased to be such an officer of the Company. The Securities may contain such notations,
legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication
by the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">A Security shall not be valid until authenticated
manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent. Such signature shall be conclusive evidence
that the Security so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled to the benefits
of this Indenture. At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver
Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of the Company
for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, signed by an Officer, and the Trustee in accordance with such written order
shall authenticate and deliver such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In authenticating such Securities and accepting
the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive,
and (subject to Section 7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the form and terms thereof
have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate
such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->9<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Registration
of Transfer and Exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Securities
of any series may be exchanged upon presentation thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose in
the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, for other Securities of such series of authorized denominations, and
for a like aggregate principal amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation
thereto, all as provided in this Section. In respect of any Securities so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute,
the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange therefor the Security or Securities of the same
series that the Securityholder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing numbers not contemporaneously outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company shall keep, or cause to be kept, at its office or agency designated for such purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City
and State of New York, or such other location designated by the Company, a register or registers (herein referred to as the &ldquo;<B><I>Security
Register</I></B>&rdquo;) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register the Securities
and the transfers of Securities as in this Article provided and which at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection by the
Trustee. The registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and transfer of Securities as herein provided shall be appointed
as authorized by Board Resolution (the &ldquo;<B><I>Security Registrar</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon surrender for transfer of any Security
at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and
such office or agency shall deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series
as the Security presented for a like aggregate principal amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">All Securities presented or surrendered for
exchange or registration of transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required by the Company or the Security
Registrar) by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly
executed by the registered holder or by such holder&rsquo;s duly authorized attorney in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except
as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, or established
in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, no service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer
of Securities, or issue of new Securities in case of partial redemption of any series, but the Company may require payment of a
sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.06,
Section 3.03(b) and Section 9.04 not involving any transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company shall not be required (i) to issue, exchange or register the transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the
opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of less than all the Outstanding Securities
of the same series and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, nor (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange
any Securities of any series or portions thereof called for redemption, other than the unredeemed portion of any such Securities
being redeemed in part. The provisions of this Section 2.05 are, with respect to any Global Security, subject to Section 2.11 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->10<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.06.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Temporary
Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pending the preparation of definitive Securities
of any series, the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities (printed, lithographed
or typewritten) of any authorized denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of the definitive
Securities in lieu of which they are issued, but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary
Securities, all as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of any series shall be executed by the Company and
be authenticated by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive
Securities of such series. Without unnecessary delay the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series
and thereupon any or all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor (without charge to the holders),
at the office or agency of the Company designated for the purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York,
and the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate
principal amount of definitive Securities of such series, unless the Company advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive
Securities need not be executed and furnished until further notice from the Company. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities
of such series shall be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series authenticated
and delivered hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.07.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mutilated,
Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In case any temporary or definitive Security
shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next succeeding sentence) shall execute, and
upon the Company&rsquo;s request the Trustee (subject as aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same
series, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated Security, or in lieu
of and in substitution for the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted Security shall
furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and,
in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Company and the Trustee evidence to their
satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of the applicant&rsquo;s Security and of the ownership thereof. The Trustee may
authenticate any such substituted Security and deliver the same upon the written request or authorization of any officer of the
Company. Upon the issuance of any substituted Security, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax
or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of
the Trustee) connected therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In case any Security that has matured or is
about to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security,
pay or authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant
for such payment shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to save them harmless,
and, in case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss
or theft of such Security and of the ownership thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->11<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Every replacement Security issued pursuant to
the provisions of this Section shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company whether or not the mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits
of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder. All Securities
shall be held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement
or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all other rights
or remedies, notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or
payment of negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.08.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cancellation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">All Securities surrendered for the purpose of
payment, redemption, exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the Company or any paying agent, be delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued
in lieu thereof except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. In the absence of such request
the Trustee may dispose of canceled Securities in accordance with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate of disposition
to the Company. If the Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not operate as a
redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.09.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Benefits
of Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities,
express or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and the holders of the Securities
any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any covenant, condition or provision
herein contained; all such covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and of the holders
of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Authenticating
Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">So long as any of the Securities of any series
remain Outstanding there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities which the Trustee shall have the
right to appoint. Said Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such
series issued upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits
of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. All references
in this Indenture to the authentication of Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include authentication by an Authenticating
Agent for such series. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that has a combined
capital and surplus, as most recently reported or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under which it
is organized or in which it is doing business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under such laws to
conduct such business and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities. If at any time any Authenticating
Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it shall resign immediately.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->12<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign
by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time (and upon request by the
Company shall) terminate the agency of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such Authenticating
Agent and to the Company. Upon resignation, termination or cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may
appoint an eligible successor Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance
of its appointment hereunder, shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if originally
named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Global
Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 2.01 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global Security,
then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section 2.04, authenticate and deliver, a Global Security
that (i) shall represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, all of the Outstanding
Securities of such series, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii) shall be delivered by the
Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary&rsquo;s instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following
effect: &ldquo;Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.11 of the Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not
in part, only to another nominee of the Depositary or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding
the provisions of Section 2.05, the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner
provided in Section 2.05, only to another nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a successor Depositary for such series
selected or approved by the Company or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
at any time the Depositary for a series of the Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary
for such series or if at any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange
Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not appointed by the Company within
90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, or if an Event of Default
has occurred and is continuing and the Company has received a request from the Depositary, this Section 2.11 shall no longer be
applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company will execute, and subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee will authenticate
and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an
aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global Security.
In addition, the Company may at any time determine that the Securities of any series shall no longer be represented by a Global
Security and that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities of such series. In such event the
Company will execute and, subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officers&rsquo; Certificate evidencing such
determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without
coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security
of such series in exchange for such Global Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in definitive
registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities
in definitive registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security pursuant to this Section 2.11(c) shall be registered in
such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants
or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons
in whose names such Securities are so registered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->13<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
3</FONT><BR>
<BR>
REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Redemption.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company may redeem the Securities of any
series issued hereunder on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established for such series pursuant to Section
2.01 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notice
of Redemption.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case the Company shall desire to exercise such right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series
in accordance with any right the Company reserved for itself to do so pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the Company shall, or shall
cause the Trustee to, give notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to be redeemed by mailing, first
class postage prepaid, a notice of such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 90 days before the date fixed for redemption
of that series to such holders at their last addresses as they shall appear upon the Security Register, unless a shorter period
is specified in the Securities to be redeemed. Any notice that is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed
to have been duly given, whether or not the registered holder receives the notice. In any case, failure duly to give such notice
to the holder of any Security of any series designated for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect in the notice, shall not
affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities of such series or any other series. In the case
of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities
or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers&rsquo; Certificate evidencing compliance
with any such restriction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Each such notice of redemption shall specify
the date fixed for redemption and the redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and shall state that
payment of the redemption price of such Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company in the Borough
of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, upon presentation and surrender of such Securities, that interest accrued to the
date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said date interest will cease to accrue
and that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed,
the notice to the holders of Securities of that series to be redeemed in part shall specify the particular Securities to be so
redeemed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 18; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->14<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In case any Security is to be redeemed in part
only, the notice that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed, and shall
state that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal
amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days&rsquo; notice
(unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) in advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate
principal amount of Securities of the series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Trustee shall select, by lot or in such other manner
as it shall deem appropriate and fair in its discretion and that may provide for the selection of a portion or portions (equal
to one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of such Securities of a denomination
larger than $1,000, the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of
the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part. The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of instructions
signed on its behalf by an Officer, instruct the Trustee or any paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a particular
series for redemption and to give notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the name of
the Company or its own name as the Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable. In any case in which notice of redemption is
to be given by the Trustee or any such paying agent, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain
with, the Trustee or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer books or other records, or suitable
copies or extracts therefrom, sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice by mail that may be required
under the provisions of this Section.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payment
Upon Redemption.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the giving of notice of redemption shall have been completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the
series to be redeemed specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice
at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption and interest on such Securities
or portions of Securities shall cease to accrue on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in
the payment of such redemption price and accrued interest with respect to any such Security or portion thereof. On presentation
and surrender of such Securities on or after the date fixed for redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, said
Securities shall be paid and redeemed at the applicable redemption price for such series, together with interest accrued thereon
to the date fixed for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption is an interest payment date, the interest installment payable
on such date shall be payable to the registered holder at the close of business on the applicable record date pursuant to Section
2.03).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
presentation of any Security of such series that is to be redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall
authenticate and the office or agency where the Security is presented shall deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the
Company, a new Security of the same series of authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the
Security so presented.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 19; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->15<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sinking
Fund.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The provisions of Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06
shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated
by Section 2.01 for Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment
provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a &ldquo;mandatory sinking fund payment,&rdquo;
and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as
an &ldquo;optional sinking fund payment.&rdquo; If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any
sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 3.05. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the
redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Satisfaction
of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company (i) may deliver Outstanding Securities
of a series and (ii) may apply as a credit Securities of a series that have been redeemed either at the election of the Company
pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the
terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities
of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided
that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the
Trustee at the redemption price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount
of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.06.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Redemption
of Securities for Sinking Fund.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking
fund payment date for any series of Securities (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), the Company will
deliver to the Trustee an Officers&rsquo; Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series
pursuant to the terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities
of that series pursuant to Section 3.05 and the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officers&rsquo; Certificate,
deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the
Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.02
and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided
in Section 3.02. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the
manner stated in Section 3.03.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 20; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->16<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
4</FONT><BR>
<BR>
COVENANTS</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payment
of Principal, Premium and Interest.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company will duly and punctually pay or
cause to be paid the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that series at the time and place and
in the manner provided herein and established with respect to such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Maintenance
of Office or Agency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">So long as any series of the Securities remain
Outstanding, the Company agrees to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, with
respect to each such series and at such other location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section 4.02, where
(i) Securities of that series may be presented for payment, (ii) Securities of that series may be presented as herein above authorized
for registration of transfer and exchange, and (iii) notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of
that series and this Indenture may be given or served, such designation to continue with respect to such office or agency until
the Company shall, by written notice signed by any officer authorized to sign an Officers&rsquo; Certificate and delivered to the
Trustee, designate some other office or agency for such purposes or any of them. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain
any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and
demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its
agent to receive all such presentations, notices and demands. The Company initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee located in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York as its paying agent with respect to the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paying
Agents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the Company shall appoint one or more paying agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company
will cause each such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the
Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that
it will hold all sums held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities
of that series (whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for
the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that
it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment
of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series when the same shall be due and payable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 21; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->17<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that
it will, at any time during the continuance of any failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above, upon the written
request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such paying agent; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that
it will perform all other duties of paying agent as set forth in this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the Company shall act as its own paying agent with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date
of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for
the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming
due on Securities of that series until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and
will promptly notify the Trustee of such action, or any failure (by it or any other obligor on such Securities) to take such action.
Whenever the Company shall have one or more paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient
to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons
entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify
the Trustee of this action or failure so to act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding
anything in this Section to the contrary, (i) the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the
provisions of Section 11.05, and (ii) the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge
of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the
Company or such paying agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon which such sums
were held by the Company or such paying agent; and, upon such payment by the Company or any paying agent to the Trustee, the Company
or such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Appointment
to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or
fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10, a Trustee, so that there shall at
all times be a Trustee hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Compliance
with Consolidation Provisions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company will not, while any of the Securities
remain Outstanding, consolidate with or merge into any other Person, in either case where the Company is not the survivor of such
transaction, or sell or convey all or substantially all of its property to any other Person unless the provisions of Article Ten
hereof are complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 22; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->18<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
5</FONT><BR>
<BR>
SECURITYHOLDERS&rsquo; LISTS AND REPORTS BY<BR>
THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 5.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Company
to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished
to the Trustee (a) within 15 days after each regular record date (as defined in Section 2.03) a list, in such form as the Trustee
may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities as of such regular record date,
provided that the Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any time that the list shall not differ
in any respect from the most recent list furnished to the Trustee by the Company and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may
request in writing within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of
a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, that, in either case, no such list need
be furnished for any series for which the Trustee shall be the Security Registrar.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 5.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preservation
Of Information; Communications With Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the
holders of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 and as to the names and addresses
of holders of Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in such capacity).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Securityholders
may communicate as provided in Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to their rights
under this Indenture or under the Securities, and, in connection with any such communications, the Trustee shall satisfy its obligations
under Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the provisions of Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 5.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reports
by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company covenants and agrees to provide
a copy to the Trustee, after the Company files the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission, copies of the annual reports
and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Securities and Exchange
Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission
pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, the Company shall not be required to deliver to
the Trustee any materials for which the Company has sought and received confidential treatment by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Company shall also comply with the requirements of Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act, but only to the extent then applicable
to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 23; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->19<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 5.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reports
by the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;On
or before July 1 in each year in which any of the Securities are Outstanding, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class postage
prepaid, or delivered by hand or overnight courier to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security
Register, a brief report dated as of the preceding May 1, if and to the extent required under Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture
Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall comply with Section 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A
copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company,
with each securities exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Company agrees to notify the Trustee when any Securities become listed on any securities exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
6</FONT><BR>
<BR>
REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS<BR>
ON EVENT OF DEFAULT</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Events
of Default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whenever
used herein with respect to Securities of a particular series, &ldquo;Event of Default&rdquo; means any one or more of the following
events that has occurred and is continuing:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company defaults in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same
shall become due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 30 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of
an interest payment period by the Company in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute
a default in the payment of interest for this purpose;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company defaults in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the
same shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required
by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity
of such Securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment
of principal or premium, if any;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company fails to observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this Indenture
or otherwise established with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof (other than a covenant or agreement
that has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than such series)
for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that
such notice is a &ldquo;Notice of Default&rdquo; hereunder, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered
or certified mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Securities of that
series at the time Outstanding;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 24; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->20<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry of an
order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially
all of its property or (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
court of competent jurisdiction enters an order under any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary
case, (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of its property or (iii) orders the liquidation of
the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
each and every such case (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above), unless the principal of
all the Securities of that series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than
25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to the Company
(and to the Trustee if given by such Securityholders), may declare the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid
interest on all the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become
and shall be immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above occurs, the principal
of and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series shall automatically be immediately due and payable without
any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or the holders of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At
any time after the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities of that series shall
have been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained
or entered as hereinafter provided, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then
Outstanding hereunder, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences
if: (i) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all
the Securities of that series and the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series that shall have
become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the extent that such
payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon overdue installments of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities
of that series to the date of such payment or deposit) and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06, and (ii) any and
all Events of Default under the Indenture with respect to such series, other than the nonpayment of principal on (and premium,
if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on Securities of that series that shall not have become due by their terms, shall have
been remedied or waived as provided in Section 6.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">No such rescission and annulment shall extend
to or shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 25; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->21<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such
proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or annulment or for any other reason or shall
have been determined adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceedings, the
Company and the Trustee shall be restored respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies
and powers of the Company and the Trustee shall continue as though no such proceedings had been taken.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Collection
of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company covenants that (i) in case it shall default in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a
series, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series as and when the same
shall have become due and payable, and such default shall have continued for a period of 90 Business Days, or (ii) in case it shall
default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of a series when the same shall have
become due and payable, whether upon maturity of the Securities of a series or upon redemption or upon declaration or otherwise
then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of that
series, the whole amount that then shall have been become due and payable on all such Securities for principal (and premium, if
any) or interest, or both, as the case may be, with interest upon the overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to the extent
that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) upon overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum
expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs
and expenses of collection, and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the Company shall fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express
trust, shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums
so due and unpaid, and may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment
or final decree against the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed
to be payable in the manner provided by law or equity out of the property of the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of
that series, wherever situated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial
proceedings affecting the Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee shall have power to intervene in such proceedings
and take any action therein that may be permitted by the court and shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled
to file such proofs of claim and other papers and documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the
Trustee and of the holders of Securities of such series allowed for the entire amount due and payable by the Company under the
Indenture at the date of institution of such proceedings and for any additional amount that may become due and payable by the Company
after such date, and to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute
the same after the deduction of the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in
bankruptcy or reorganization is hereby authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such series to make such payments to
the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to such Securityholders,
to pay to the Trustee any amount due it under Section 7.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 26; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->22<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All
rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities
of that series, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities, or the production thereof at any
trial or other proceeding relative thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own
name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts
due under Section 7.06, be for the ratable benefit of the holders of the Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In case of an Event of Default hereunder, the
Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate judicial
proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity or in
bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in aid
of the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee
by this Indenture or by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to
authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization,
arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize
the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Application
of Moneys or Property Collected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any moneys or property collected by the Trustee
pursuant to this Article with respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the following order, at the date
or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys or property on account of principal (or premium,
if any) or interest, upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation thereon of the payment, if only partially
paid, and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">FIRST: To the payment of reasonable costs and
expenses of collection and of all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due
and unpaid upon Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in respect of which or for the benefit
of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable
on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">THIRD: To the payment of the remainder, if any,
to the Company or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto, as requested by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 27; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->23<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Limitation
on Suits.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">No holder of any Security of any series shall
have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action or proceeding in equity
or at law upon or under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy
hereunder, unless (i) such holder previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance
thereof with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default, as hereinbefore provided; (ii) the holders
of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have made written request
upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its own name as Trustee hereunder; (iii) such holder or holders
shall have offered to the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be
incurred therein or thereby; (iv) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity, shall
have failed to institute any such action, suit or proceeding and (v) during such 60 day period, the holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding anything contained herein to
the contrary or any other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to receive payment of the principal
of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due dates expressed in
such Security (or in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment
on or after such respective dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder and
by accepting a Security hereunder it is expressly understood, intended and covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security
of such series with every other such taker and holder and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series
shall have any right in any manner whatsoever by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or
prejudice the rights of the holders of any other of such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference
to any other such holder, or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal,
ratable and common benefit of all holders of Securities of such series. For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of
this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in
equity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rights
and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except
as otherwise provided in Section 2.07, all powers and remedies given by this Article to the Trustee or to the Securityholders shall,
to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee
or the holders of the Securities, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the covenants
and agreements contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No
delay or omission of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event
of Default occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of
any such default or an acquiescence therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.04, every power and remedy given by this
Article or by law to the Trustee or the Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient,
by the Trustee or by the Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 28; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->24<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.06.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Control
by Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with Section 8.04, shall have the right
to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust
or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series; provided, however, that such direction shall not be in conflict
with any rule of law or with this Indenture. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline
to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer or officers of the Trustee, determine
that the proceeding so directed, subject to the Trustee&rsquo;s duties under the Trust Indenture Act, would involve the Trustee
in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the Securityholders not involved in the proceeding. The holders of a majority
in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding affected thereby, determined in accordance
with Section 8.04, may on behalf of the holders of all of the Securities of such series waive any past default in the performance
of any of the covenants contained herein or established pursuant to Section 2.01 with respect to such series and its consequences,
except a default in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as
and when the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise than by acceleration (unless such default has been
cured) and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal and any premium has been deposited with the
Trustee (in accordance with Section 6.01(c)). Upon any such waiver, the default covered thereby shall be deemed to be cured for
all purposes of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities of such series shall be restored
to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default
or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.07.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Undertaking
to Pay Costs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">All parties to this Indenture agree, and each
holder of any Securities by such holder&rsquo;s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion
require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any
action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such
suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees, against any
party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant;
but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder,
or group of Securityholders, holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or
to any suit instituted by any Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest
on any Security of such series, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this
Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 29; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->25<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
7</FONT><BR>
<BR>
CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Certain
Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all
Events of Default with respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform with respect
to the Securities of such series such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied
covenants shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. In case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of
a series has occurred (that has not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise with respect to Securities of that series
such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a
prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No
provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent
failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;prior
to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such
Events of Default with respect to that series that may have occurred:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 2in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 2in">(A)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
duties and obligations of the Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the express provisions
of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to the Securities of such series except for the performance
of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be
read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 2in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 2in">(B)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in
the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series conclusively
rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions
furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions
that by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine
the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirement of this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the
Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the
direction of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding
relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any
trust or power conferred upon the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 30; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->26<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;None
of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal
financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there is reasonable
ground for believing that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Indenture
or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Certain
Rights of Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may rely conclusively and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or other paper or document believed by it
to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any
request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an
instrument signed in the name of the Company by any authorized officer of the Company (unless other evidence in respect thereof
is specifically prescribed herein);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization
and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order
or direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have
offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred therein
or thereby; nothing contained herein shall, however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event of
Default with respect to a series of the Securities (that has not been cured or waived), to exercise with respect to Securities
of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of care and skill in their
exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized
or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 31; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->27<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other papers or documents, unless requested
in writing so to do by the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular
series affected thereby (determined as provided in Section 8.04); provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable time
to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the
opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the
Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such costs, expenses or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable
expense of every such examination shall be paid by the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon
demand; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents
or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed
with due care by it hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, the Trustee shall not be deemed
to have knowledge of any Default or Event of Default except (1) any Event of Default occurring pursuant to Sections 6.01(a)(1),
6.01(a)(2) and 4.01 hereof or (2) any Default or Event of Default of which the Trustee shall have received written notification
in the manner set forth in this Indenture or a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have obtained actual knowledge. Delivery
of reports, information and documents to the Trustee under Section 5.03 is for informational purposes only and the information
and the Trustee&rsquo;s receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein,
or determinable from information contained therein including the Company&rsquo;s compliance with any of their covenants thereunder
(as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely conclusively on an Officers&rsquo; Certificate).</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Trustee
Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
recitals contained herein and in the Securities shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility
for the correctness of the same.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such
Securities, or for the use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture
or established pursuant to Section 2.01, or for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying agent other than the
Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;May
Hold Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee or any paying agent or Security
Registrar, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities with the same rights it would
have if it were not Trustee, paying agent or Security Registrar.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 32; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->28<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Moneys
Held in Trust.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the provisions of Section 11.05,
all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which
they were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under
no liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it may agree with the Company to pay thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.06.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Compensation
and Reimbursement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, such reasonable compensation (which shall
not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) as the Company and the Trustee
may from time to time agree in writing, for all services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby created and in the
exercise and performance of any of the powers and duties hereunder of the Trustee, and, except as otherwise expressly provided
herein, the Company will pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances
incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation
and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of all Persons not regularly in its employ), except any such expense, disbursement
or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith and except as the Company and Trustee may from time to time agree in writing.
The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee (and its officers, agents, directors and employees) for, and to hold it harmless
against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee and arising out of
or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending
itself against any claim of liability in the premises.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
obligations of the Company under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for reasonable
expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder. Such additional indebtedness shall be
secured by a lien prior to that of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except
funds held in trust for the benefit of the holders of particular Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.07.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reliance
on Officers&rsquo; Certificate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01,
whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it reasonably necessary or desirable
that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless
other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part
of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officers&rsquo; Certificate delivered to the Trustee
and such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee
for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 33; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->29<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.08.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Disqualification;
Conflicting Interests.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If the Trustee has or shall acquire any &ldquo;conflicting
interest&rdquo; within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee and the Company shall in all respects
comply with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.09.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate
Trustee Required; Eligibility.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect
to the Securities issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the
United States of America or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other Person permitted
to act as trustee by the Securities and Exchange Commission, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having
a combined capital and surplus of at least fifty million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and subject to supervision or examination
by federal, state, territorial, or District of Columbia authority.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If such corporation or other Person publishes
reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority,
then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation or other Person shall be deemed to
be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. The Company may not, nor
may any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee. In
case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign
immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 7.10.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Resignation
and Removal; Appointment of Successor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee or any successor hereafter appointed may at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving
written notice thereof to the Company and by transmitting notice of resignation by mail, first class postage prepaid, or delivered
by hand or overnight courier to the Securityholders of such series, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register.
Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee with respect to Securities of
such series by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall
be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed
and have accepted appointment within 30 days after the mailing or delivery of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee
may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such
series, or any Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months
may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee.
Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 34; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->30<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case at any time any one of the following shall occur:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of Section 7.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder
who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.09 and shall fail to resign after written request
therefor by the Company or by any such Securityholder; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding,
or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or
control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">then, in any such case, the Company may remove the Trustee with
respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of
Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor trustee, or
any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may, on behalf of that holder
and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment
of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee
and appoint a successor trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove
the Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company and may appoint a successor Trustee for such
series with the consent of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any
resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant
to any of the provisions of this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided
in Section 7.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any
successor trustee appointed pursuant to this Section may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all
of such series, and at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Acceptance
of Appointment By Successor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed
shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and
thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any further
act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the
request of the Company or the successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver
an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly
assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 35; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->31<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the
Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and
deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (i) shall contain
such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights,
powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment
of such successor trustee relates, (ii) shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that
all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to
which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change
any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder
by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees
co-trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any
trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any act or failure
to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation
or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall with respect
to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates have no further responsibility
for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture,
and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such
successor trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer
and deliver to such successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by
such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor
trustee relates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in
and confirming to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section,
as the case may be.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No
successor trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified
and eligible under this Article.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee as provided in this Section, the Company shall transmit notice of the succession
of such trustee hereunder by mail, first class postage prepaid, or delivered by hand or overnight courier to the Securityholders,
as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. If the Company fails to transmit such notice within ten days after
acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such notice to be transmitted at the expense
of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 36; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->32<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Merger,
Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any corporation into which the Trustee may be
merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation
to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the
successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided that such corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.08 and
eligible under the provisions of Section 7.09, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any
of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but
not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee
may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had
itself authenticated such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.13.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preferential
Collection of Claims Against the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a)
of the Trust Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee
who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent included therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.14.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notice
of Default</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If any Default or any Event of Default occurs
and is continuing and if such Default or Event of Default is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail
or deliver by hand or overnight courier to each Securityholder in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the
Trust Indenture Act notice of the Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs and becomes known to the Trustee,
unless such Default or Event of Default has been cured;<I>&nbsp;&nbsp;provided, however</I>, that, except in the case of a default
in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding
such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible
Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
8</FONT><BR>
<BR>
CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Evidence
of Action by Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that
the holders of a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series may take
any action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any other
action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders of such majority or specified percentage of that series
have joined therein may be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by such holders of
Securities of that series in person or by agent or proxy appointed in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 37; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->33<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders
of any series any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, the Company may, at its option,
as evidenced by an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination of Securityholders
entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall
have no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action may be given before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the close of business on
the record date shall be deemed to be Securityholders for the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite
proportion of Outstanding Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series shall be computed
as of the record date; provided, however, that no such authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record
date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six
months after the record date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proof
of Execution by Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, proof
of the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization) or his agent or proxy and proof
of the holding by any Person of any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
fact and date of the execution by any such Person of any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar
thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee may require such additional proof
of any matter referred to in this Section as it shall deem necessary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Who
May be Deemed Owners.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Prior to the due presentment for registration
of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security Registrar may deem and treat the Person
in whose name such Security shall be registered upon the books of the Company as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or
not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than the
Security Registrar) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to
Section 2.03) interest on such Security and for all other purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent
nor any Security Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 38; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->34<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Certain
Securities Owned by Company Disregarded.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In determining whether the holders of the requisite
aggregate principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any direction, consent or waiver under this Indenture,
the Securities of that series that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series or by any Person
directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities
of that series shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except that for
the purpose of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or waiver, only Securities
of such series that the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. The Securities so owned that have been pledged
in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding for the purposes of this Section, if the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction
of the Trustee the pledgee&rsquo;s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a Person directly
or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor.
In case of a dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of counsel shall be full protection to
the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Actions
Binding on Future Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing
to the Trustee, as provided in Section 8.01, of the taking of any action by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate
principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action, any holder
of a Security of that series that is shown by the evidence to be included in the Securities the holders of which have consented
to such action may, by filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as provided in Section 8.02, revoke such
action so far as concerns such Security. Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be conclusive
and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders and owners of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange therefor,
on registration of transfer thereof or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made
upon such Security. Any action taken by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities
of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company,
the Trustee and the holders of all the Securities of that series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
9</FONT><BR>
<BR>
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 9.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Supplemental
Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise
authorized by this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures
supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without the consent of
the Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency herein or in the Securities of any series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
comply with Article Ten;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 39; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->35<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities and to make all appropriate changes
for such purpose;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
add to the covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions relating to the Company for the benefit of the holders of all or any
series of Securities (and if such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all
series of Securities, stating that such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are expressly being included solely for
the benefit of such series), to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional
covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an Event of Default, or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon
the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue,
authentication, and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder in any material respect;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section
2.01, to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series
of Securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of Securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
comply with any requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor in connection with the qualification of
this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with
the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations
that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects
the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any supplemental indenture authorized by the
provisions of this Section may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the holders of any of the Securities
at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 9.02.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 40; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->36<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 9.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Supplemental
Indentures With Consent of Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section
8.01) of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series affected by such
supplemental indenture or indentures at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee
may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions
of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating
any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner not covered by Section 9.01
the rights of the holders of the Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture
shall, without the consent of the holders of each Security then Outstanding and affected thereby, (a) extend the fixed maturity
of any Securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest
thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof, (b) make any Security payable in money other than that stated
in the Security, (c) impair the right of any holder to receive payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any,
on, such holder&rsquo;s Securities on or after the due dates therefor or to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment,
or (d) adversely change the right to convert or exchange, including decreasing the conversion rate or increasing the conversion
price of, any Security, or (e) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any
such supplemental indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">It shall not be necessary for the consent of
the Securityholders of any series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental
indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 9.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effect
of Supplemental Indentures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture
pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, this Indenture shall, with respect to such series, be and be deemed
to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities
under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders of Securities of the series affected thereby shall thereafter
be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms
and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture
for any and all purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 9.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Securities
Affected by Supplemental Indentures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Securities of any series affected by a supplemental
indenture, authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article
or of Section 10.01, may bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the requirements of any securities
exchange upon which such series may be listed, as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall
so determine, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, to any modification
of this Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee and
delivered in exchange for the Securities of that series then Outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 41; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->37<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 9.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Execution
of Supplemental Indentures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon the request of the Company, accompanied
by its Board Resolutions authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of
evidence of the consent of Securityholders required to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in
the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties
or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be obligated to
enter into such supplemental indenture. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, will be entitled to receive and
will be fully protected in relying upon an Officers&rsquo; Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that any supplemental
indenture executed pursuant to this Article is authorized or permitted by, and conforms to, the terms of this Article and that
it is proper for the Trustee under the provisions of this Article to join in the execution thereof; provided, however, that such
Officers&rsquo; Certificate or Opinion of Counsel need not be provided in connection with the execution of a supplemental indenture
that establishes the terms of a series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Promptly after the execution by the Company
and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first
class postage prepaid, or delivered by hand or overnight courier, a notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such
supplemental indenture, to the Securityholders of all series affected thereby as their names and addresses appear upon the Security
Register. Any failure of the Trustee to mail or deliver such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair
or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
10</FONT><BR>
<BR>
SUCCESSOR ENTITY</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 10.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Company
May Consolidate, Etc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company shall not consolidate with or merge
into any other Person (in a transaction in which the Company is not the surviving corporation) or convey, transfer or lease its
properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, unless (a)&nbsp;the Person formed by such consolidation or into
which the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, the properties and assets
of the Company substantially as an entirety shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered
to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of and any premium and interest
on all the Securities and the performance or observance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed,
by supplemental indenture satisfactory in form to the Trustee, executed and delivered to the Trustee, by the Person (if other than
the Company) formed by such consolidation or into which the Company shall have been merged or by the Person which shall have acquired
the Company&rsquo;s assets; (b)&nbsp;immediately after giving effect to such transaction and treating any indebtedness which becomes
an obligation of the Company or any Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having been incurred by the Company or such Subsidiary
at the time of such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an
Event of Default, shall have happened and be continuing; and (c)&nbsp;the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a supplemental
indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions
precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 42; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->38<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The restrictions in this Section 10.01 shall
not apply to the merger of the Company with or into a single direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 10.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Successor
Entity Substituted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor
entity by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the obligations
set forth under Section 10.01 on all of the Securities of all series Outstanding, such successor entity shall succeed to and be
substituted for the Company with the same effect as if it had been named as the Company herein, and thereupon the predecessor corporation
shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, such changes in phraseology and form (but
not in substance) may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nothing
contained in this Article shall require any action by the Company in the case of a consolidation or merger of any Person into the
Company where the Company is the survivor of such transaction, or the acquisition by the Company, by purchase or otherwise, of
all or any part of the property of any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company).</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 10.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Evidence
of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section
7.01, may receive an Officers&rsquo; Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger,
sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, and any such assumption, comply with the provisions of this Article.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
11</FONT><BR>
<BR>
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 11.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Satisfaction
and Discharge of Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If at any time: (a) the Company shall have delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated and not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation
(other than any Securities that shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that shall have been replaced or paid as provided
in Section 2.07 and Securities for whose payment money or Governmental Obligations have theretofore been deposited in trust or
segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereupon repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section
11.05); or (b) all such Securities of a particular series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have
become due and payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within
one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and the Company shall deposit or
cause to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire amount in moneys or Governmental Obligations or a combination
thereof, sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification
thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay at maturity or upon redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity
or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable
hereunder with respect to such series by the Company then this Indenture shall thereupon cease to be of further effect with respect
to such series except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03 and 7.10, that shall survive until the
date of maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.06 and 11.05, that shall survive to such date and thereafter,
and the Trustee, on demand of the Company and at the cost and expense of the Company shall execute proper instruments acknowledging
satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 43; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->39<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 11.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Discharge
of Obligations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If at any time all such Securities of a particular
series not heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become due and payable as described in Section
11.01 shall have been paid by the Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds moneys or an amount of Governmental
Obligations sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all such Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity
or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable
hereunder by the Company with respect to such series, then after the date such moneys or Governmental Obligations, as the case
may be, are deposited with the Trustee the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to such series shall cease
to be of further effect except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03, 7.06, 7.10 and 11.05 hereof that
shall survive until such Securities shall mature and be paid.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Thereafter, Sections 7.06 and 11.05 shall survive.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 11.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deposited
Moneys to be Held in Trust.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">All moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited
with the Trustee pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 shall be held in trust and shall be available for payment as due, either directly
or through any paying agent (including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the particular series of
Securities for the payment or redemption of which such moneys or Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 11.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payment
of Moneys Held by Paying Agents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In connection with the satisfaction and discharge
of this Indenture all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under the provisions of this Indenture shall,
upon demand of the Company, be paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all further liability
with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 44; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->40<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 11.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repayment
to Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited
with any paying agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of principal of or premium, if any, or
interest on the Securities of a particular series that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for
at least two years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such Securities shall have respectively
become due and payable, or such other shorter period set forth in applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, shall
be repaid to the Company on May 31 of each year or upon the Company&rsquo;s request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged
from such trust; and thereupon the paying agent and the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with respect to such
moneys or Governmental Obligations, and the holder of any of the Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter,
as a general creditor, look only to the Company for the payment thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
12</FONT><BR>
<BR>
IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 12.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No
Recourse.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant
or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had
against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any predecessor
or successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue
of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly
understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal
liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as such,
of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby
authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities
or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity
or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such incorporator, stockholder, officer
or director as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants
or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released
as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 45; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->41<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
13</FONT><BR>
<BR>
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effect
on Successors and Assigns.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">All the covenants, stipulations, promises and
agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or
not.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Actions
by Successor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any act or proceeding by any provision of this
Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of the Company shall and may be done
and performed with like force and effect by the corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that shall at the
time be the lawful successor of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Surrender
of Company Powers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company by instrument in writing executed
by authority of its Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the powers reserved to the Company, and
thereupon such power so surrendered shall terminate both as to the Company and as to any successor corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notices.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise expressly provided herein,
any notice, request or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given, made or served by the
Trustee or by the holders of Securities or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Company may be given or
served by being deposited in first class mail, postage prepaid, or delivered by hand or overnight courier, addressed (until another
address is filed in writing by the Company with the Trustee), as follows: 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790,
with a copy to Pepper Hamilton LLP, 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10018, Attn: Merrill M. Kraines, Esq. Any notice, election,
request or demand by the Company or any Securityholder or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or upon the Trustee
shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given, furnished or filed in writing (or by facsimile transmissions, provided that oral
confirmation of receipt shall have been received) to or with the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Governing
Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This Indenture and each Security shall be deemed
to be a contract made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with
the laws of said State, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 46; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->42<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.06.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Treatment
of Securities as Debt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">It is intended that the Securities will be treated
as indebtedness and not as equity for federal income tax purposes. The provisions of this Indenture shall be interpreted to further
this intention.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.07.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Certificates
and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company
shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers&rsquo; Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture
(other than the certificate to be delivered pursuant to Section 13.13) relating to the proposed action have been complied with
and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except
that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any
provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each
certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition
or covenant in this Indenture shall include (i) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant
or condition; (ii) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or
opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (iii) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made
such examination or investigation as is reasonably necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not
such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (iv) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such
condition or covenant has been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.08.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payments
on Business Days.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01
pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental
to this Indenture, in any case where the date of maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of
any Security shall not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding
Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption, and no interest shall accrue
for the period after such nominal date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.09.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Conflict
with Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If and to the extent that any provision of this
Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Sections 310 to 317, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act,
such imposed duties shall control.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 47; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->43<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Indenture
and Securities Solely Corporate Obligations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">No recourse for the payment of the principal
of, premium, if any, or interest on any Securities, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, and no recourse
under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of the Company in this Indenture or in any supplemental indenture or in any
Security, or because of the creation of any indebtedness represented thereby, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder,
employee, agent, officer, director or subsidiary, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or of any successor entity,
either directly or through the Company or any successor entity, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute, or rule of law,
or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that all such liability is hereby
expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of
the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Counterparts.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This Indenture may be executed in any number
of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Separability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In case any one or more of the provisions contained
in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any
respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or of such Securities,
but this Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision had never been
contained herein or therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.13.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Compliance
Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within
120 days after the end of each fiscal year during which any Securities of any series were outstanding, a compliance certificate
stating whether or not the signer knows of any Default or Event of Default that occurred during such fiscal year. Such certificate
shall contain a certification from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer
of the Company that a review has been conducted of the activities of the Company and the Company&rsquo;s performance under this
Indenture and that the Company has complied with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section
13.13, such compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture.
If the officer of the Company signing such certificate has knowledge of such a Default or Event of Default, the certificate shall
describe any such Default or Event of Default and its status.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have
caused this Indenture to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 3in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><B>APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 44%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Name:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><B>[TRUSTEE], as Trustee</B></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 44%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Name:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 48; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->44<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 70%"><B>Section of Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as Amended</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 28%"><B>Section of Indenture</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>310(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.09</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>310(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.08</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.10</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>310(c)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Inapplicable</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>311(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.13</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>311(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.13</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>311(c)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Inapplicable</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>312(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.01</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.02(a)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>312(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.02(c)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>312(c)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.02(c)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>313(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.04(a)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>313(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.04(b)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>313(c)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.04(a)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.04(b)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>313(d)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.04(c)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>314(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.03</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>13.12</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>314(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Inapplicable</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>314(c)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>13.07(a)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>314(d)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Inapplicable</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>314(e)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>13.07(b)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>314(f)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Inapplicable</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>315(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.01(a)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.01(b)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>315(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.14</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>315(c)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.01</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>315(d)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.01(b)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>315(e)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>6.07</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>316(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>6.06</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>8.04</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>316(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>6.04</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>316(c)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>8.01</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>317(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>6.02</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>317(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>4.03</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>318(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>13.09</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 25%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(1)</TD><TD>This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute part of
the Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or provisions.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 49; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->45<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"></P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.3
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>t1700338_ex4-3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.3
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B></B></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 3pt"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 4.3</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Company</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">AND</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[TRUSTEE]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Trustee</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">INDENTURE</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Dated as of [&middot;], 20[&middot;]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Subordinated Debt Securities</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">TABLE OF CONTENTS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 21%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 72%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Page</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Article
    1</B> DEFINITIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 1.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Definitions of Terms.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Article
    2</B> ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designation and Terms of Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Securities and Trustee&rsquo;s Certificate.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Denominations: Provisions for Payment.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Execution and Authentication.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registration of Transfer and Exchange.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.06.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Temporary Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.07.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.08.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cancellation.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.09.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Benefits of Indenture.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.10.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Authenticating Agent.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.11.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Global Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Article
    3</B> REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Redemption.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice of Redemption.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment Upon Redemption.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sinking Fund.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.06.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Article
    4</B> COVENANTS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Maintenance of Office or Agency.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Paying Agents.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compliance with Consolidation Provisions.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Article
    5</B> SECURITYHOLDERS&rsquo; LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 5.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 5.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 5.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reports by the Company.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 5.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reports by the Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2; Options: NewSection; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: LowerRoman; Name: PageNo -->i<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 21%; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 72%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 7%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Page</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Article
    6</B> REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Events of Default.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Application of Moneys or Property Collected.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Limitation on Suits.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.06.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Control by Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.07.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Undertaking to Pay Costs.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Article
    7</B> CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain Rights of Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">May Hold Securities.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Moneys Held in Trust.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.06.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compensation and Reimbursement.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.07.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reliance on Officers&rsquo; Certificate.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.08.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.09.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.10.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.11.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Acceptance of Appointment By Successor.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.12.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.13.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.14.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice of Default</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Article
    8</B> CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evidence of Action by Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proof of Execution by Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Who May be Deemed Owners.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Actions Binding on Future Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Article
    9</B> SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effect of Supplemental Indentures.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Execution of Supplemental Indentures.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Article
    10</B> SUCCESSOR ENTITY</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">39</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Company May Consolidate, Etc.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">39</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: LowerRoman; Name: PageNo -->ii<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Page</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 21%; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 72%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Successor Entity Substituted.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evidence of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Article
    11</B> SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Discharge of Obligations.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Repayment to Company.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Article
    12</B> IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 12.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No Recourse.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Article
    13</B> MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effect on Successors and Assigns.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Actions by Successor.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Surrender of Company Powers.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notices.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Governing Law.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.06.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Treatment of Securities as Debt.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.07.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.08.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payments on Business Days.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.09.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.10.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indenture and Securities Solely Corporate Obligations.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.11.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Counterparts.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.12.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Separability.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 13.13.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compliance Certificates.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">45</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Article
    14</B> SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">45</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 14.01.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Agreement of Subordination.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">45</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 14.02.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payments to Securityholders<I>.</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">45</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 14.03.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subrogation of Securities<I>.</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">47</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 14.04.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Authorization by Securityholders<I>.</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 14.05.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice to Trustee<I>.</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 14.06.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trustee&rsquo;s Relation to Senior Indebtedness<I>.</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">49</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 14.07.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No Impairment of Subordination.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">49</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 14.08.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rights of Trustee. Nothing in this Article 14 shall apply to claims of or payments to, the Trustee pursuant to Article 7.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">49</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This
Table of Contents does not constitute part of the Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its
terms or provisions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: LowerRoman; Name: PageNo -->iii<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">INDENTURE</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>INDENTURE</B>, dated as of [&middot;], 20[&middot;], among
APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;), and [TRUSTEE], as trustee (the &ldquo;<B><I>Trustee</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>WHEREAS</B>, for its lawful corporate purposes, the Company
has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance of subordinated debt securities (hereinafter
referred to as the &ldquo;<B><I>Securities</I></B>&rdquo;), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to
time in one or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered Securities without coupons, to be authenticated by the
certificate of the Trustee;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>WHEREAS</B>, to provide the terms and conditions upon which
the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly authorized the execution of this Indenture;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>WHEREAS</B>, all things necessary to make this Indenture
a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>NOW, THEREFORE</B>, in consideration of the premises and
the purchase of the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal and ratable
benefit of the holders of Securities:</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
1</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">DEFINITIONS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
1.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Definitions of Terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The terms defined in this Section (except as in this Indenture
or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) for all purposes of
this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section and shall
include the plural as well as the singular. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act
of 1939, as amended, or that are by reference in such Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (except as herein or
any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall have the meanings
assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution of this
instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Authenticating Agent</I></B>&rdquo; means an authenticating
agent with respect to all or any of the series of Securities appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.10.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Bankruptcy Law</I></B>&rdquo; means Title 11, U.S.
Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Board of Directors</I></B>&rdquo; means the Board
of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of such Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Board Resolution</I></B>&rdquo; means a copy of
a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors
and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Business Day</I></B>&rdquo; means, with respect
to any series of Securities, any day other than a day on which federal or state banking institutions in the Borough of Manhattan,
the City of New York, or in the city of the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, are authorized or obligated by law, executive
order or regulation to close.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Certificate</I></B>&rdquo; means a certificate
signed by any Officer. The Certificate need not comply with the provisions of Section 13.07.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo; means Applied DNA Sciences,
Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and, subject to the provisions of Article
Ten, shall also include its successors and assigns.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Corporate Trust Office</I></B>&rdquo; means the
office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally administered, which office
at the date hereof is located at.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Currency Agreement</I></B>&rdquo; means any foreign
exchange contract, currency swap agreement or other similar agreement with respect to currency values.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Custodian</I></B>&rdquo; means any receiver, trustee,
assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Default</I></B>&rdquo; means any event, act or
condition that with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Depositary</I></B>&rdquo; means, with respect to
Securities of any series for which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a Global Security, The Depository
Trust Company, New York, New York, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;<B><I>Exchange Act</I></B>&rdquo;), or other applicable statute or regulation, which,
in each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to either Section 2.01 or 2.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Event of Default</I></B>&rdquo; means, with respect
to Securities of a particular series, any event specified in Section 6.01, continued for the period of time, if any, therein designated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Global Security</I></B>&rdquo; means, with respect
to any series of Securities, a Security executed by the Company and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the
Depositary&rsquo;s instruction, all in accordance with the Indenture, which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or
its nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6; Options: NewSection; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Governmental Obligations</I></B>&rdquo; means securities
that are (a) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or
(b) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America,
the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America that,
in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the Company thereof at any time prior to the stated maturity of
the Securities, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any
such Governmental Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Governmental Obligation held by such
custodian for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required by law) such custodian
is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received
by the custodian in respect of the Governmental Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the Governmental
Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>herein</I></B>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<B><I>hereof</I>&rdquo;</B>
and &ldquo;<B><I>hereunder</I></B>,&rdquo; and other words of similar import, refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any
particular Article, Section or other subdivision.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Indenture</I></B>&rdquo; means this instrument
as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto
entered into in accordance with the terms hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Interest Payment Date</I></B>,&rdquo; when used
with respect to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date specified in such Security or
in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment
of interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Interest Rate Agreement</I></B>&rdquo; means any
interest rate swap agreement, interest rate cap agreement or other financial agreement or arrangement with respect to exposure
to interest rates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Officer</I></B>&rdquo; means, with respect to the
Company, the chairman of the Board of Directors, a chief executive officer, a president, a chief financial officer, chief operating
officer, any executive vice president, any senior vice president, any vice president, the treasurer or any assistant treasurer,
the controller or any assistant controller or the secretary or any assistant secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Officers&rsquo; Certificate</I></B>&rdquo; means
a certificate signed by any two Officers. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.07, if
and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Opinion of Counsel</I></B>&rdquo; means an opinion
in writing subject to customary exceptions of legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company, that is delivered
to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.07,
if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Outstanding</I></B>,&rdquo; when used with reference
to Securities of any series, means, subject to the provisions of Section 8.04, as of any particular time, all Securities of that
series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except (a) Securities theretofore canceled
by the Trustee or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying agent for cancellation or that have previously been
canceled; (b) Securities or portions thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or Governmental Obligations in the necessary
amount shall have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall have been
set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own paying agent); provided, however, that if
such Securities or portions of such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption shall
have been given as in Article Three provided, or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice;
and (c) Securities in lieu of or in substitution for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant
to the terms of Section 2.07.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 7; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Person</I></B>&rdquo; means any individual, corporation,
partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, limited liability company, association, trust, unincorporated organization, any
other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Predecessor Security</I></B>&rdquo; of any particular
Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Security;
and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.07 in lieu of a lost, destroyed
or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Responsible Officer</I></B>&rdquo; when used with
respect to the Trustee means the chairman of its board of directors, the chief executive officer, the president, any vice president,
the secretary, the treasurer, any trust officer, any corporate trust officer or any other officer or assistant officer of the Trustee
customarily performing functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be such officers, respectively,
or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Securities</I></B>&rdquo; means the debt Securities
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Security Register</I></B>&rdquo; and &ldquo;<B><I>Security
Registrar</I></B>&rdquo; shall have the meanings as set forth in Section 2.05.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Securityholder</I></B>,&rdquo;
&ldquo;<B><I>holder of Securities</I></B>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<B><I>registered holder</I></B>,&rdquo; or other similar term, means the
Person or Persons in whose name or names a particular Security shall be registered on the books of the Company kept for that purpose
in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>&ldquo;Senior Indebtedness</I></B>&rdquo;
of a Person means the principal of, premium, if any, interest on, and any other payment due pursuant to any of the following, whether
outstanding at the date hereof or hereafter incurred or created:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all
of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest due on indebtedness of that Person for money borrowed;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all
of the indebtedness of that Person evidenced by notes, debentures, bonds or other securities sold by that Person for money;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all
of the lease obligations which are capitalized on the books of that Person in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 8; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all
obligations of such Person for the reimbursement of any obligor on any letter of credit, banker&rsquo;s acceptance or similar credit
transaction (other than obligations with respect to letters of credit securing obligations (other than obligations described in
(a) through (c) above) entered into in the ordinary course of business of such Person to the extent such letters of credit are
not drawn upon or, if and to the extent drawn upon, such drawing is reimbursed no later than the third Business Day following receipt
by such Person of a demand for reimbursement following payment on the letter of credit);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
amount of all obligations of such Person with respect to Interest Rate Agreements or Currency Agreements;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all
obligations of the type referred to in clauses (a) through (e) above of other Persons and all dividends of other Persons for the
payment of which, in either case, such Person is responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, as obligor, guarantor or otherwise,
including by means of any guarantee;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all
obligations of the type referred to in clauses (a) through (f) above of other Persons secured by any Lien on any Property of such
Person (whether or not such obligation is assumed by such Person);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all
renewals, extensions or refundings of indebtedness of the kinds described in any of the preceding clauses (a), (b), (d), (e), (f)
and (g)&nbsp;and all renewals or extensions of leases of the kinds described in the preceding clause (c)&nbsp;above;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>unless</I>, in the case of any particular indebtedness, lease,
renewal, extension or refunding, the instrument or lease creating or evidencing it or the assumption or guarantee relating to it
expressly provides that such indebtedness, lease, renewal, extension or refunding is not superior in right of payment to the Securities,
and <U>provided however</U>&nbsp;that Senior Indebtedness shall not include indebtedness in respect of Securities or indebtedness
of any Subsidiary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Subsidiary</I></B>&rdquo; means, with respect to
any Person, (i) any corporation at least a majority of whose outstanding Voting Stock shall at the time be owned, directly or indirectly,
by such Person or by one or more of its Subsidiaries or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries, (ii) any general partnership,
joint venture or similar entity, at least a majority of whose outstanding partnership or similar interests shall at the time be
owned by such Person, or by one or more of its Subsidiaries, or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries and (iii) any
limited partnership of which such Person or any of its Subsidiaries is a general partner.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Trust Indenture Act</I></B>&rdquo; means the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Trustee</I></B>&rdquo; means,
and, subject to the provisions of Article Seven, shall also include its successors and assigns, and, if at any time there is more
than one Person acting in such capacity hereunder, &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; shall mean each such Person. The term &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo;
as used with respect to a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;<B><I>Voting Stock</I></B>,&rdquo;
as applied to stock of any Person, means shares, interests, participations or other equivalents in the equity interest (however
designated) in such Person having ordinary voting power for the election of a majority of the directors (or the equivalent) of
such Person, other than shares, interests, participations or other equivalents having such power only by reason of the occurrence
of a contingency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 9; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none">ARTICLE
2</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none">ISSUE,
DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="text-transform: none">EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
2.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Designation and Terms of Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities
may be issued in one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized
by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the initial issuance of
Securities of any series, there shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo;
Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that series from all other Securities);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture
(except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities
of that series);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable, any original issue discount that may apply to
the Securities of that series upon their issuance, the principal amount due at maturity, and the place(s) of payment;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest or the manner of calculation of such rate or rates, if
any;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable or the manner
of determination of such Interest Payment Dates, the place(s) of payment, and the record date for the determination of holders
to whom interest is payable on any such Interest Payment Dates or the manner of determination of such record dates;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of such extension, including the maximum consecutive periods
during which interest payments may be extended;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(7)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may
be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(8)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund, mandatory redemption,
or analogous provisions (including payments made in cash in satisfaction of future sinking fund obligations) or at the option of
a holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon which,
Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 10; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(9)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
form of the Securities of the series including the form of the Certificate of Authentication for such series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(10)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if
other than denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the
Securities of the series shall be issuable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(11)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
and all other terms (including terms, to the extent applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the Securities of that
series and any security for the obligations of the Company with respect to such Securities) with respect to such series (which
terms shall not be inconsistent with the terms of this Indenture, as amended by any supplemental indenture) including any terms
which may be required by or advisable under United States laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of
Securities of that series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(12)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;whether
the Securities are issuable as a Global Security and, in such case, the terms and the identity of the Depositary for such series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(13)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;whether
the Securities will be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock or other securities of the Company or any other
Person and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion
or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at the Company&rsquo;s
option or the holders&rsquo; option) conversion or exchange features, and the applicable conversion or exchange period;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(14)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if
other than the principal amount thereof, the portion, or methods of determining the portion, of the principal amount of Securities
of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.01;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(15)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
additional or different Events of Default or restrictive covenants (which may include, among other restrictions, restrictions on
the Company&rsquo;s ability or the ability of the Company&rsquo;s Subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue additional
securities; create liens; pay dividends or make distributions in respect of their capital stock; redeem capital stock; place restrictions
on such Subsidiaries placing restrictions on their ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets; make investments
or other restricted payments; sell or otherwise dispose of assets; enter into sale-leaseback transactions; engage in transactions
with stockholders and affiliates; issue or sell stock of their Subsidiaries; or effect a consolidation or merger) or financial
covenants (which may include, among other financial covenants, financial covenants that require the Company and its Subsidiaries
to maintain specified interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based or asset-based ratios) provided for with respect to the
Securities of the series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(16)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if
other than dollars, the coin or currency in which the Securities of the series are denominated (including, but not limited to,
foreign currency);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 11; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->7<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(17)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
terms and conditions, if any, upon which the Company shall pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and
principal amounts of the Securities of the series to any Securityholder that is not a &ldquo;United States person&rdquo; for federal
tax purposes;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(18)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the Securities of the series; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(19)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
subordination terms of the Securities of the series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical
except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to any such Board Resolution or in any indentures
supplemental hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If any of the terms of the series are established by action
taken pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the secretary
or an assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers&rsquo; Certificate
of the Company setting forth the terms of the series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Securities of any particular series may be issued at various
times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal is payable, with different rates of interest,
if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such interest may be payable
and with different redemption dates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
2.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Form of Securities and Trustee&rsquo;s Certificate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Securities of any series and the Trustee&rsquo;s certificate
of authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the tenor and purport as set forth in one or more indentures
supplemental hereto or as provided in a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, and they may have such
letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved
thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required
to comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any securities exchange
on which Securities of that series may be listed, or to conform to usage.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
2.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Denominations: Provisions for Payment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Securities shall be issuable as registered Securities and
in the denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, subject to Section 2.01(a)(10). The
Securities of a particular series shall bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with respect to that series.
Subject to Section 2.01(a)(16), the principal of and the interest on the Securities of any series, as well as any premium thereon
in case of redemption thereof prior to maturity, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the United States of America that
at the time is legal tender for public and private debt, at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in
the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. Interest
on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 12; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->8<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The interest installment on any Security that is payable, and
is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of that series shall be paid to the Person
in whose name said Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the regular record
date for such interest installment. In the event that any Security of a particular series or portion thereof is called for redemption
and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any Interest Payment Date and prior to such Interest
Payment Date, interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such Security as provided in Section 3.03.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Any interest on any Security that is payable, but is not punctually
paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the same series (herein called &ldquo;<B><I>Defaulted
Interest</I></B>&rdquo;) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular record date by virtue
of having been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the Company, at its election, as provided in clause (1)
or clause (2) below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective
Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest,
which shall be fixed in the following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest
proposed to be paid on each such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit
with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or
shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when
deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon
the Trustee shall fix a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less
than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice
of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such special record date and, in the name and at the
expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor
to be mailed or delivered by hand or overnight courier, first class postage prepaid, to each Securityholder at his or her address
as it appears in the Security Register (as hereinafter defined), not less than 10 days prior to such special record date. Notice
of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor having been mailed or delivered as aforesaid,
such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities)
are registered on such special record date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements
of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if,
after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall
be deemed practicable by the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->9<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution or one or more
indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the term &ldquo;regular
record date&rdquo; as used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities and any Interest Payment Date for such series
shall mean either the fifteenth day of the month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date established
for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the first day of a month, or the
first day of the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur,
if such Interest Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a Business Day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security
of a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security of such series
shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
2.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Execution and Authentication.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Securities shall be signed on behalf of the Company by one
of its Officers. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile signature.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company may use the facsimile signature of any Person who
shall have been an Officer, notwithstanding the fact that at the time the Securities shall be authenticated and delivered or disposed
of such Person shall have ceased to be such an officer of the Company. The Securities may contain such notations, legends or endorsements
required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication by the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">A Security shall not be valid until authenticated manually by
an authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent. Such signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security
so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.
At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any
series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of the Company for the authentication
and delivery of such Securities, signed by an Officer, and the Trustee in accordance with such written order shall authenticate
and deliver such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In authenticating such Securities and accepting the additional
responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to
Section 7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the form and terms thereof have been
established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities
if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties or immunities under
the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
2.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Registration of Transfer and Exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Securities
of any series may be exchanged upon presentation thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose in
the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, for other Securities of such series of authorized denominations, and
for a like aggregate principal amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation
thereto, all as provided in this Section. In respect of any Securities so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute,
the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange therefor the Security or Securities of the same
series that the Securityholder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing numbers not contemporaneously outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->10<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company shall keep, or cause to be kept, at its office or agency designated for such purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City
and State of New York, or such other location designated by the Company, a register or registers (herein referred to as the &ldquo;<B><I>Security
Register</I></B>&rdquo;) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register the Securities
and the transfers of Securities as in this Article provided and which at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection by the
Trustee. The registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and transfer of Securities as herein provided shall be appointed
as authorized by Board Resolution (the &ldquo;<B><I>Security Registrar</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Upon surrender for transfer of any Security at the office or
agency of the Company designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or
agency shall deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series as the Security
presented for a like aggregate principal amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">All Securities presented or surrendered for exchange or registration
of transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar) by a written
instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly executed by the registered
holder or by such holder&rsquo;s duly authorized attorney in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except
as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, or established
in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, no service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer
of Securities, or issue of new Securities in case of partial redemption of any series, but the Company may require payment of a
sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.06,
Section 3.03(b) and Section 9.04 not involving any transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company shall not be required (i) to issue, exchange or register the transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the
opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of less than all the Outstanding Securities
of the same series and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, nor (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange
any Securities of any series or portions thereof called for redemption, other than the unredeemed portion of any such Securities
being redeemed in part. The provisions of this Section 2.05 are, with respect to any Global Security, subject to Section 2.11 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->11<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
2.06.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Temporary Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series,
the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities (printed, lithographed or typewritten)
of any authorized denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of the definitive Securities in lieu
of which they are issued, but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Securities, all
as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of any series shall be executed by the Company and be authenticated
by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive Securities
of such series. Without unnecessary delay the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series and thereupon
any or all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor (without charge to the holders), at the
office or agency of the Company designated for the purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, and the
Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate
principal amount of definitive Securities of such series, unless the Company advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive
Securities need not be executed and furnished until further notice from the Company. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities
of such series shall be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series authenticated
and delivered hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
2.07.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In case any temporary or definitive Security shall become mutilated
or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next succeeding sentence) shall execute, and upon the Company&rsquo;s
request the Trustee (subject as aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same series, bearing a number
not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for
the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted Security shall furnish to the Company
and the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of destruction,
loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Company and the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction,
loss or theft of the applicant&rsquo;s Security and of the ownership thereof. The Trustee may authenticate any such substituted
Security and deliver the same upon the written request or authorization of any officer of the Company. Upon the issuance of any
substituted Security, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that
may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In case any Security that has matured or is about to mature
shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay or authorize
the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant for such payment
shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to save them harmless, and, in case
of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss or theft of
such Security and of the ownership thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Every replacement Security issued pursuant to the provisions
of this Section shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost
or stolen Security shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture
equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder. All Securities shall be
held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement or payment
of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all other rights or remedies,
notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of
negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->12<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
2.08.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Cancellation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">All Securities surrendered for the purpose of payment, redemption,
exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the Company or any paying agent, be delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation, or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued in lieu thereof except
as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. In the absence of such request the Trustee may dispose
of canceled Securities in accordance with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate of disposition to the Company. If the
Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction
of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
2.09.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Benefits of Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied,
shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and the holders of the Securities (and, with respect
to the provisions of Article Fourteen, the holders of any indebtedness of the Company to which the Securities of any series are
subordinated) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any covenant, condition
or provision herein contained; all such covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and
of the holders of the Securities (and, with respect to the provisions of Article Fourteen, the holders of any indebtedness of the
Company to which the Securities of any series are subordinated).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
2.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Authenticating Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">So long as any of the Securities of any series remain Outstanding
there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities which the Trustee shall have the right to appoint.
Said Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued
upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this
Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. All references in this
Indenture to the authentication of Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include authentication by an Authenticating Agent
for such series. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that has a combined capital
and surplus, as most recently reported or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under which it is organized
or in which it is doing business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under such laws to conduct such
business and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities. If at any time any Authenticating Agent
shall cease to be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it shall resign immediately.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->13<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign by giving written
notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time (and upon request by the Company shall) terminate
the agency of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company.
Upon resignation, termination or cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may appoint an eligible successor
Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder,
shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if originally named as an Authenticating
Agent pursuant hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
2.11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Global Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 2.01 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global Security,
then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section 2.04, authenticate and deliver, a Global Security
that (i) shall represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, all of the Outstanding
Securities of such series, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii) shall be delivered by the
Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary&rsquo;s instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following
effect: &ldquo;Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.11 of the Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not
in part, only to another nominee of the Depositary or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding
the provisions of Section 2.05, the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner
provided in Section 2.05, only to another nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a successor Depositary for such series
selected or approved by the Company or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
at any time the Depositary for a series of the Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary
for such series or if at any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange
Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not appointed by the Company within
90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, or if an Event of Default
has occurred and is continuing and the Company has received a request from the Depositary, this Section 2.11 shall no longer be
applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company will execute, and subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee will authenticate
and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an
aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global Security.
In addition, the Company may at any time determine that the Securities of any series shall no longer be represented by a Global
Security and that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities of such series. In such event the
Company will execute and, subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officers&rsquo; Certificate evidencing such
determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without
coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security
of such series in exchange for such Global Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in definitive
registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities
in definitive registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security pursuant to this Section 2.11(c) shall be registered in
such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants
or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons
in whose names such Securities are so registered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 18; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->14<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none">ARTICLE
3</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none">REDEMPTION
OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
3.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Redemption.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company may redeem the Securities of any series issued hereunder
on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
3.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Notice of Redemption.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case the Company shall desire to exercise such right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series
in accordance with any right the Company reserved for itself to do so pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the Company shall, or shall
cause the Trustee to, give notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to be redeemed by mailing, first
class postage prepaid, a notice of such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 90 days before the date fixed for redemption
of that series to such holders at their last addresses as they shall appear upon the Security Register, unless a shorter period
is specified in the Securities to be redeemed. Any notice that is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed
to have been duly given, whether or not the registered holder receives the notice. In any case, failure duly to give such notice
to the holder of any Security of any series designated for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect in the notice, shall not
affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities of such series or any other series. In the case
of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities
or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers&rsquo; Certificate evidencing compliance
with any such restriction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Each such notice of redemption shall specify the date fixed
for redemption and the redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and shall state that payment of
the redemption price of such Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company in the Borough of Manhattan,
the City and State of New York, upon presentation and surrender of such Securities, that interest accrued to the date fixed for
redemption will be paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said date interest will cease to accrue and that the redemption
is for a sinking fund, if such is the case. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the notice to the holders
of Securities of that series to be redeemed in part shall specify the particular Securities to be so redeemed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 19; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->15<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice
that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed, and shall state that on and
after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount equal
to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days&rsquo; notice
(unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) in advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate
principal amount of Securities of the series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Trustee shall select, by lot or in such other manner
as it shall deem appropriate and fair in its discretion and that may provide for the selection of a portion or portions (equal
to one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of such Securities of a denomination
larger than $1,000, the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of
the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part. The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of instructions
signed on its behalf by an Officer, instruct the Trustee or any paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a particular
series for redemption and to give notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the name of
the Company or its own name as the Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable. In any case in which notice of redemption is
to be given by the Trustee or any such paying agent, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain
with, the Trustee or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer books or other records, or suitable
copies or extracts therefrom, sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice by mail that may be required
under the provisions of this Section.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
3.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Payment Upon Redemption.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the giving of notice of redemption shall have been completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the
series to be redeemed specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice
at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption and interest on such Securities
or portions of Securities shall cease to accrue on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in
the payment of such redemption price and accrued interest with respect to any such Security or portion thereof. On presentation
and surrender of such Securities on or after the date fixed for redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, said
Securities shall be paid and redeemed at the applicable redemption price for such series, together with interest accrued thereon
to the date fixed for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption is an interest payment date, the interest installment payable
on such date shall be payable to the registered holder at the close of business on the applicable record date pursuant to Section
2.03).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
presentation of any Security of such series that is to be redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall
authenticate and the office or agency where the Security is presented shall deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the
Company, a new Security of the same series of authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the
Security so presented.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 20; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->16<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
3.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Sinking Fund.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The provisions of Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06 shall be applicable
to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.01
for Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for
by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a &ldquo;mandatory sinking fund payment,&rdquo; and any payment
in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an &ldquo;optional
sinking fund payment.&rdquo; If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment
may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 3.05. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities
of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
3.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company (i) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series
and (ii) may apply as a credit Securities of a series that have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to
the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such
Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of such
series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided that
such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee
at the redemption price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such
sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
3.06.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund payment date
for any series of Securities (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), the Company will deliver to the Trustee
an Officers&rsquo; Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms
of the series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant
to Section 3.05 and the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officers&rsquo; Certificate, deliver to the Trustee
any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the
Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.02 and cause notice of the redemption
thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.02. Such notice having
been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section 3.03.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 21; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->17<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
4</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">COVENANTS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
4.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid
the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that series at the time and place and in the manner provided
herein and established with respect to such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
4.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Maintenance of Office or Agency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">So long as any series of the Securities remain Outstanding,
the Company agrees to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, with respect to
each such series and at such other location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section 4.02, where (i) Securities
of that series may be presented for payment, (ii) Securities of that series may be presented as herein above authorized for registration
of transfer and exchange, and (iii) notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and
this Indenture may be given or served, such designation to continue with respect to such office or agency until the Company shall,
by written notice signed by any officer authorized to sign an Officers&rsquo; Certificate and delivered to the Trustee, designate
some other office or agency for such purposes or any of them. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required
office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and demands may be
made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive
all such presentations, notices and demands. The Company initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee located in
the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York as its paying agent with respect to the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
4.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Paying Agents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the Company shall appoint one or more paying agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company
will cause each such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the
Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that
it will hold all sums held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities
of that series (whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for
the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that
it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment
of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series when the same shall be due and payable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that
it will, at any time during the continuance of any failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above, upon the written
request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such paying agent; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 22; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->18<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that
it will perform all other duties of paying agent as set forth in this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the Company shall act as its own paying agent with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date
of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for
the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming
due on Securities of that series until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and
will promptly notify the Trustee of such action, or any failure (by it or any other obligor on such Securities) to take such action.
Whenever the Company shall have one or more paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient
to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons
entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify
the Trustee of this action or failure so to act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding
anything in this Section to the contrary, (i) the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the
provisions of Section 11.05, and (ii) the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge
of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the
Company or such paying agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon which such sums
were held by the Company or such paying agent; and, upon such payment by the Company or any paying agent to the Trustee, the Company
or such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
4.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in
the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10, a Trustee, so that there shall at all times be a Trustee
hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
4.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Compliance with Consolidation Provisions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company will not, while any of the Securities remain Outstanding,
consolidate with or merge into any other Person, in either case where the Company is not the survivor of such transaction, or sell
or convey all or substantially all of its property to any other Person unless the provisions of Article Ten hereof are complied
with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 23; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->19<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
5</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">SECURITYHOLDERS&rsquo;
LISTS AND REPORTS BY<BR>
THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
5.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee
(a) within 15 days after each regular record date (as defined in Section 2.03) a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably
require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities as of such regular record date, provided that the
Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any time that the list shall not differ in any respect
from the most recent list furnished to the Trustee by the Company and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing
within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than
15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, that, in either case, no such list need be furnished for any
series for which the Trustee shall be the Security Registrar.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
5.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the
holders of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 and as to the names and addresses
of holders of Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in such capacity).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Securityholders
may communicate as provided in Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to their rights
under this Indenture or under the Securities, and, in connection with any such communications, the Trustee shall satisfy its obligations
under Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the provisions of Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
5.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Reports by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company covenants and agrees to provide a copy to the Trustee,
after the Company files the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information,
documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Securities and Exchange Commission may from
time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to
Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, the Company shall not be required to deliver to the Trustee
any materials for which the Company has sought and received confidential treatment by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The
Company shall also comply with the requirements of Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act, but only to the extent then applicable
to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 24; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->20<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
5.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Reports by the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;On
or before July 1 in each year in which any of the Securities are Outstanding, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class postage
prepaid or delivered by hand or overnight courier, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security
Register, a brief report dated as of the preceding May 1, if and to the extent required under Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture
Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall comply with Section 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A
copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company,
with each securities exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Company agrees to notify the Trustee when any Securities become listed on any securities exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Article
6</FONT><BR>
<BR>
REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS<BR>
ON EVENT OF DEFAULT</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
6.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Events of Default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whenever
used herein with respect to Securities of a particular series, &ldquo;Event of Default&rdquo; means any one or more of the following
events that has occurred and is continuing:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company defaults in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same
shall become due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 30 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of
an interest payment period by the Company in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute
a default in the payment of interest for this purpose;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company defaults in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the
same shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required
by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity
of such Securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment
of principal or premium, if any;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company fails to observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this Indenture
or otherwise established with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof (other than a covenant or agreement
that has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than such series)
for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that
such notice is a &ldquo;Notice of Default&rdquo; hereunder, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered
or certified mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Securities of that
series at the time Outstanding;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 25; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->21<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry of an
order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially
all of its property or (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
court of competent jurisdiction enters an order under any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary
case, (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of its property or (iii) orders the liquidation of
the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">In each and every such case (other than an
Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above), unless the principal of all the Securities of that series shall
have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such
Securityholders), may declare the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities
of that series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall be immediately
due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above occurs, the principal of and accrued and unpaid
interest on all the Securities of that series shall automatically be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other
act on the part of the Trustee or the holders of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At
any time after the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities of that series shall
have been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained
or entered as hereinafter provided, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then
Outstanding hereunder, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences
if: (i) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all
the Securities of that series and the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series that shall have
become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the extent that such
payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon overdue installments of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities
of that series to the date of such payment or deposit) and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06, and (ii) any and
all Events of Default under the Indenture with respect to such series, other than the nonpayment of principal on (and premium,
if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on Securities of that series that shall not have become due by their terms, shall have
been remedied or waived as provided in Section 6.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">No such rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect
any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 26; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->22<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such
proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or annulment or for any other reason or shall
have been determined adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceedings, the
Company and the Trustee shall be restored respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies
and powers of the Company and the Trustee shall continue as though no such proceedings had been taken.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
6.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company covenants that (i) in case it shall default in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a
series, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series as and when the same
shall have become due and payable, and such default shall have continued for a period of 90 Business Days, or (ii) in case it shall
default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of a series when the same shall have
become due and payable, whether upon maturity of the Securities of a series or upon redemption or upon declaration or otherwise
then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of that
series, the whole amount that then shall have been become due and payable on all such Securities for principal (and premium, if
any) or interest, or both, as the case may be, with interest upon the overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to the extent
that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) upon overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum
expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs
and expenses of collection, and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the Company shall fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express
trust, shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums
so due and unpaid, and may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment
or final decree against the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed
to be payable in the manner provided by law or equity out of the property of the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of
that series, wherever situated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial
proceedings affecting the Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee shall have power to intervene in such proceedings
and take any action therein that may be permitted by the court and shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled
to file such proofs of claim and other papers and documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the
Trustee and of the holders of Securities of such series allowed for the entire amount due and payable by the Company under the
Indenture at the date of institution of such proceedings and for any additional amount that may become due and payable by the Company
after such date, and to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute
the same after the deduction of the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in
bankruptcy or reorganization is hereby authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such series to make such payments to
the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to such Securityholders,
to pay to the Trustee any amount due it under Section 7.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 27; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->23<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All
rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities
of that series, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities, or the production thereof at any
trial or other proceeding relative thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own
name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts
due under Section 7.06, be for the ratable benefit of the holders of the Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In case of an Event of Default hereunder, the Trustee may in
its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings
as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity or in bankruptcy
or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in aid of the exercise
of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture
or by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee
to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment
or composition affecting the Securities of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote
in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
6.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Application of Moneys or Property Collected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Any moneys or property collected by the Trustee pursuant to
this Article with respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed
by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys or property on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest,
upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation thereon of the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender
thereof if fully paid:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">FIRST: To the payment of reasonable costs and expenses of collection
and of all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">SECOND: To the payment of all indebtedness of the Company to
which such series of Securities is subordinated to the extent required by Section 7.06 and Article Fourteen;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">THIRD: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon
Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in respect of which or for the benefit of which such
money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such
Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">FOURTH: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the Company
or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto, as requested by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 28; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->24<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
6.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Limitation on Suits.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">No holder of any Security of any series shall have any right
by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action or proceeding in equity or at law upon
or under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder,
unless (i) such holder previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance
thereof with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default, as hereinbefore provided; (ii) the holders
of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have made written request
upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its own name as Trustee hereunder; (iii) such holder or holders
shall have offered to the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be
incurred therein or thereby; (iv) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity, shall
have failed to institute any such action, suit or proceeding and (v) during such 60 day period, the holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary or
any other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to receive payment of the principal of (and premium,
if any) and interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security (or
in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such
respective dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder and by accepting a Security
hereunder it is expressly understood, intended and covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security of such series with every
other such taker and holder and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series shall have any right in any
manner whatsoever by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of the
holders of any other of such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such holder, or
to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of
all holders of Securities of such series. For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and every
Securityholder and the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
6.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except
as otherwise provided in Section 2.07, all powers and remedies given by this Article to the Trustee or to the Securityholders shall,
to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee
or the holders of the Securities, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the covenants
and agreements contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No
delay or omission of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event
of Default occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of
any such default or an acquiescence therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.04, every power and remedy given by this
Article or by law to the Trustee or the Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient,
by the Trustee or by the Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 29; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->25<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
6.06.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Control by Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with Section 8.04, shall have the right to direct the
time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred
on the Trustee with respect to such series; provided, however, that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law
or with this Indenture. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such
direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer or officers of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding
so directed, subject to the Trustee&rsquo;s duties under the Trust Indenture Act, would involve the Trustee in personal liability
or might be unduly prejudicial to the Securityholders not involved in the proceeding. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding affected thereby, determined in accordance with Section 8.04, may
on behalf of the holders of all of the Securities of such series waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants
contained herein or established pursuant to Section 2.01 with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default in
the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as and when the same
shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise than by acceleration (unless such default has been cured) and a sum
sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal and any premium has been deposited with the Trustee (in accordance
with Section 6.01(c)). Upon any such waiver, the default covered thereby shall be deemed to be cured for all purposes of this Indenture
and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities of such series shall be restored to their former positions and rights
hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
6.07.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Undertaking to Pay Costs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">All parties to this Indenture agree, and each holder of any
Securities by such holder&rsquo;s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require,
in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action
taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit,
and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees, against any party
litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but
the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder,
or group of Securityholders, holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or
to any suit instituted by any Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest
on any Security of such series, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this
Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 30; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->26<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
7</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">CONCERNING
THE TRUSTEE</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
7.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all
Events of Default with respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform with respect
to the Securities of such series such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied
covenants shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. In case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of
a series has occurred (that has not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise with respect to Securities of that series
such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a
prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No
provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent
failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;prior
to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such
Events of Default with respect to that series that may have occurred:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(A)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
duties and obligations of the Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the express provisions
of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to the Securities of such series except for the performance
of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be
read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(B)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in
the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series conclusively
rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions
furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions
that by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine
the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirement of this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the
Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the
direction of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding
relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any
trust or power conferred upon the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 31; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->27<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;None
of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal
financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there is reasonable
ground for believing that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Indenture
or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
7.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Certain Rights of Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may rely conclusively and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or other paper or document believed by it
to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any
request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an
instrument signed in the name of the Company by any authorized officer of the Company (unless other evidence in respect thereof
is specifically prescribed herein);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization
and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order
or direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have
offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred therein
or thereby; nothing contained herein shall, however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event of
Default with respect to a series of the Securities (that has not been cured or waived), to exercise with respect to Securities
of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of care and skill in their
exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized
or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 32; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->28<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other papers or documents, unless requested
in writing so to do by the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular
series affected thereby (determined as provided in Section 8.04); provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable time
to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the
opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the
Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such costs, expenses or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable
expense of every such examination shall be paid by the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon
demand; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents
or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed
with due care by it hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In addition, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge
of any Default or Event of Default except (1) any Event of Default occurring pursuant to Sections 6.01(a)(1), 6.01(a)(2) and 4.01
hereof or (2) any Default or Event of Default of which the Trustee shall have received written notification in the manner set forth
in this Indenture or a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have obtained actual knowledge. Delivery of reports, information
and documents to the Trustee under Section 5.03 is for informational purposes only and the information and the Trustee&rsquo;s
receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein, or determinable from information
contained therein including the Company&rsquo;s compliance with any of their covenants thereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled
to rely conclusively on an Officers&rsquo; Certificate).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
7.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
recitals contained herein and in the Securities shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility
for the correctness of the same.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such
Securities, or for the use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture
or established pursuant to Section 2.01, or for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying agent other than the
Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
7.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>May Hold Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Trustee or any paying agent or Security Registrar, in its
individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities with the same rights it would have if it were not
Trustee, paying agent or Security Registrar.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 33; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->29<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
7.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Moneys Held in Trust.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Subject to the provisions of Section 11.05, all moneys received
by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which they were received,
but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest
on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it may agree with the Company to pay thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
7.06.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Compensation and Reimbursement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, such reasonable compensation (which shall
not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) as the Company and the Trustee
may from time to time agree in writing, for all services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby created and in the
exercise and performance of any of the powers and duties hereunder of the Trustee, and, except as otherwise expressly provided
herein, the Company will pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances
incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation
and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of all Persons not regularly in its employ), except any such expense, disbursement
or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith and except as the Company and Trustee may from time to time agree in writing.
The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee (and its officers, agents, directors and employees) for, and to hold it harmless
against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee and arising out of
or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending
itself against any claim of liability in the premises.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
obligations of the Company under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for reasonable
expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute indebtedness of the Company to which the Securities are subordinated. Such
additional indebtedness shall be secured by a lien prior to that of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected
by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the benefit of the holders of particular Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
7.07.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Reliance on Officers&rsquo; Certificate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01, whenever in the
administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it reasonably necessary or desirable that a matter be
proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence
in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee,
be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officers&rsquo; Certificate delivered to the Trustee and such certificate,
in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken,
suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
7.08.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If the Trustee has or shall acquire any &ldquo;conflicting interest&rdquo;
within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee and the Company shall in all respects comply with
the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 34; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->30<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
7.09.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to the Securities
issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of
America or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other Person permitted to act as
trustee by the Securities and Exchange Commission, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined
capital and surplus of at least fifty million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and subject to supervision or examination by federal,
state, territorial, or District of Columbia authority.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If such corporation or other Person publishes reports of condition
at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes
of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation or other Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital
and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. The Company may not, nor may any Person directly
or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee. In case at any time the Trustee
shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner
and with the effect specified in Section 7.10.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
7.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee or any successor hereafter appointed may at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving
written notice thereof to the Company and by transmitting notice of resignation by mail, first class postage prepaid, or delivered
by hand or overnight courier to the Securityholders of such series, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register.
Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee with respect to Securities of
such series by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall
be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed
and have accepted appointment within 30 days after the mailing or delivery of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee
may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such
series, or any Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months
may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee.
Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case at any time any one of the following shall occur:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of Section 7.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder
who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 35; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->31<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.09 and shall fail to resign after written request
therefor by the Company or by any such Securityholder; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding,
or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or
control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">then, in any such case, the Company may remove the Trustee with
respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of
Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor trustee, or
any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may, on behalf of that holder
and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment
of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee
and appoint a successor trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove
the Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company and may appoint a successor Trustee for such
series with the consent of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any
resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant
to any of the provisions of this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided
in Section 7.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any
successor trustee appointed pursuant to this Section may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all
of such series, and at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
7.11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Acceptance of Appointment By Successor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed
shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and
thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any further
act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the
request of the Company or the successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver
an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly
assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 36; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->32<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the
Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and
deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (i) shall contain
such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights,
powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment
of such successor trustee relates, (ii) shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that
all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to
which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change
any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder
by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees
co-trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any
trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any act or failure
to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation
or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall with respect
to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates have no further responsibility
for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture,
and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such
successor trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer
and deliver to such successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by
such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor
trustee relates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in
and confirming to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section,
as the case may be.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No
successor trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified
and eligible under this Article.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee as provided in this Section, the Company shall transmit notice of the succession
of such trustee hereunder by mail, first class postage prepaid, or delivered by hand or overnight courier to the Securityholders,
as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. If the Company fails to transmit such notice within ten days after
acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such notice to be transmitted at the expense
of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 37; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->33<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
7.12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted
or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee
shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee
hereunder, provided that such corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.08 and eligible under the provisions
of Section 7.09, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything
herein to the contrary notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee
then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication
and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
7.13.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture
Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who has resigned or
been removed shall be subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent included therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
7.14.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Notice of Default</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If any Default or any Event of Default occurs and is continuing
and if such Default or Event of Default is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail or deliver by
hand or overnight courier to each Securityholder in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture
Act notice of the Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs and becomes known to the Trustee, unless such Default
or Event of Default has been cured;<I>&nbsp;&nbsp;provided, however</I>, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of
the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if
and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of
the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Article
8</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
8.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Evidence of Action by Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that the holders of
a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series may take any action (including
the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any other action), the fact that
at the time of taking any such action the holders of such majority or specified percentage of that series have joined therein may
be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by such holders of Securities of that series
in person or by agent or proxy appointed in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 38; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->34<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders of any
series any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, the Company may, at its option,
as evidenced by an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination of Securityholders
entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall
have no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action may be given before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the close of business on
the record date shall be deemed to be Securityholders for the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite
proportion of Outstanding Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series shall be computed
as of the record date; provided, however, that no such authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record
date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six
months after the record date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
8.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Proof of Execution by Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, proof of the execution
of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization) or his agent or proxy and proof of the holding
by any Person of any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
fact and date of the execution by any such Person of any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar
thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Trustee may require such additional proof of any matter
referred to in this Section as it shall deem necessary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
8.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Who May be Deemed Owners.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Prior to the due presentment for registration of transfer of
any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security Registrar may deem and treat the Person in whose name
such Security shall be registered upon the books of the Company as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such Security
shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security Registrar)
for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 2.03) interest
on such Security and for all other purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent nor any Security Registrar
shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
8.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In determining whether the holders of the requisite aggregate
principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any direction, consent or waiver under this Indenture,
the Securities of that series that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series or by any Person
directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities
of that series shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except that for
the purpose of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or waiver, only Securities
of such series that the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. The Securities so owned that have been pledged
in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding for the purposes of this Section, if the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction
of the Trustee the pledgee&rsquo;s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a Person directly
or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor.
In case of a dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of counsel shall be full protection to
the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 39; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->35<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
8.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Actions Binding on Future Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee,
as provided in Section 8.01, of the taking of any action by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount
of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action, any holder of a Security of
that series that is shown by the evidence to be included in the Securities the holders of which have consented to such action may,
by filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as provided in Section 8.02, revoke such action so far as
concerns such Security. Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be conclusive and binding
upon such holder and upon all future holders and owners of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange therefor, on registration
of transfer thereof or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon such Security.
Any action taken by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series
specified in this Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee and the
holders of all the Securities of that series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Article
9</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
9.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise authorized
by this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental
hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without the consent of the Securityholders,
for one or more of the following purposes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency herein or in the Securities of any series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
comply with Article Ten;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities and to make all appropriate changes
for such purpose;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 40; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->36<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
add to the covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions relating to the Company for the benefit of the holders of all or any
series of Securities (and if such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all
series of Securities, stating that such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are expressly being included solely for
the benefit of such series), to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional
covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an Event of Default, or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon
the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue,
authentication, and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder in any material respect;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section
2.01, to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series
of Securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of Securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
comply with any requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor in connection with the qualification of
this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in
the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein
contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee&rsquo;s
own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this
Section may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the holders of any of the Securities at the time
Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 9.02.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
9.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section 8.01) of
the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series affected by such supplemental
indenture or indentures at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may from time
to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the
Trust Indenture Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any
of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner not covered by Section 9.01
the rights of the holders of the Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture
shall, without the consent of the holders of each Security then Outstanding and affected thereby, (a) extend the fixed maturity
of any Securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest
thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof, (b) make any Security payable in money other than that stated
in the Security, (c) impair the right of any holder to receive payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any,
on, such holder&rsquo;s Securities on or after the due dates therefor or to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment,
or (d) adversely change the right to convert or exchange, including decreasing the conversion rate or increasing the conversion
price of, any Security, or (e) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any
such supplemental indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 41; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->37<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders
of any series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it
shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
9.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Effect of Supplemental Indentures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to
the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, this Indenture shall, with respect to such series, be and be deemed to be modified
and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities under
this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders of Securities of the series affected thereby shall thereafter be determined,
exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions
of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and
all purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
9.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Securities of any series affected by a supplemental indenture,
authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of
Section 10.01, may bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the requirements of any securities
exchange upon which such series may be listed, as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall
so determine, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, to any modification
of this Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee and
delivered in exchange for the Securities of that series then Outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
9.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Execution of Supplemental Indentures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by its Board Resolutions
authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of
Securityholders required to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such supplemental
indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture
or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be obligated to enter into such supplemental indenture.
The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, will be entitled to receive and will be fully protected in relying upon
an Officers&rsquo; Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article
is authorized or permitted by, and conforms to, the terms of this Article and that it is proper for the Trustee under the provisions
of this Article to join in the execution thereof; provided, however, that such Officers&rsquo; Certificate or Opinion of Counsel
need not be provided in connection with the execution of a supplemental indenture that establishes the terms of a series of Securities
pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 42; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->38<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee
of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class postage
prepaid, or delivered by hand or overnight courier, a notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental
indenture, to the Securityholders of all series affected thereby as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register.
Any failure of the Trustee to mail or deliver such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect
the validity of any such supplemental indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
10</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">SUCCESSOR
ENTITY</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
10.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Company May Consolidate, Etc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other
Person (in a transaction in which the Company is not the surviving corporation) or convey, transfer or lease its properties and
assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, unless (a)&nbsp;the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company
is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, the properties and assets of the Company substantially
as an entirety shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory
to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on all the Securities and the performance
or observance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed, by supplemental indenture satisfactory
in form to the Trustee, executed and delivered to the Trustee, by the Person (if other than the Company) formed by such consolidation
or into which the Company shall have been merged or by the Person which shall have acquired the Company&rsquo;s assets; (b)&nbsp;immediately
after giving effect to such transaction and treating any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Company or any Subsidiary
as a result of such transaction as having been incurred by the Company or such Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event
of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have happened and
be continuing; and (c)&nbsp;the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel,
each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection
with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for
relating to such transaction have been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The restrictions in this Section&nbsp;10.01 shall not apply
to the merger of the Company with or into a single direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 43; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->39<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
10.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Successor Entity Substituted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor
entity by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the obligations
set forth under Section 10.01 on all of the Securities of all series Outstanding, such successor entity shall succeed to and be
substituted for the Company with the same effect as if it had been named as the Company herein, and thereupon the predecessor corporation
shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, such changes in phraseology and form (but
not in substance) may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nothing
contained in this Article shall require any action by the Company in the case of a consolidation or merger of any Person into the
Company where the Company is the survivor of such transaction, or the acquisition by the Company, by purchase or otherwise, of
all or any part of the property of any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
10.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Evidence of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, may
receive an Officers&rsquo; Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger, sale,
conveyance, transfer or other disposition, and any such assumption, comply with the provisions of this Article.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
11</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">SATISFACTION
AND DISCHARGE</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
11.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If at any time: (a) the Company shall have delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated and not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation
(other than any Securities that shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that shall have been replaced or paid as provided
in Section 2.07 and Securities for whose payment money or Governmental Obligations have theretofore been deposited in trust or
segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereupon repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section
11.05); or (b) all such Securities of a particular series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have
become due and payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within
one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and the Company shall deposit or
cause to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire amount in moneys or Governmental Obligations or a combination
thereof, sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification
thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay at maturity or upon redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity
or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable
hereunder with respect to such series by the Company then this Indenture shall thereupon cease to be of further effect with respect
to such series except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03 and 7.10, that shall survive until the
date of maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.06 and 11.05, that shall survive to such date and thereafter,
and the Trustee, on demand of the Company and at the cost and expense of the Company shall execute proper instruments acknowledging
satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 44; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->40<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
11.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Discharge of Obligations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If at any time all such Securities of a particular series not
heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become due and payable as described in Section 11.01 shall
have been paid by the Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds moneys or an amount of Governmental Obligations
sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all such Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed
for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the
Company with respect to such series, then after the date such moneys or Governmental Obligations, as the case may be, are deposited
with the Trustee the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to such series shall cease to be of further effect
except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03, 7.06, 7.10 and 11.05 hereof that shall survive until
such Securities shall mature and be paid.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Thereafter, Sections 7.06 and 11.05 shall survive.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
11.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">All moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 shall be held in trust and shall be available for payment as due, either directly or through
any paying agent (including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the particular series of Securities
for the payment or redemption of which such moneys or Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
11.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture
all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under the provisions of this Indenture shall, upon demand
of the Company, be paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect
to such moneys or Governmental Obligations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
11.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Repayment to Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Any moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with any paying
agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of principal of or premium, if any, or interest on the
Securities of a particular series that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for at least two
years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such Securities shall have respectively become
due and payable, or such other shorter period set forth in applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, shall be
repaid to the Company on May 31 of each year or upon the Company&rsquo;s request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged
from such trust; and thereupon the paying agent and the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with respect to such
moneys or Governmental Obligations, and the holder of any of the Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter,
as a general creditor, look only to the Company for the payment thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 45; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->41<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
12</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">IMMUNITY
OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
12.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>No Recourse.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement
of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any
incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor
corporation, either directly or through the Company or any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any
constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood
that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability
whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as such, of the
Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized,
or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied
therefrom; and that any and all such personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution
or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such incorporator, stockholder, officer or director as such,
because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements
contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition
of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
13</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">MISCELLANEOUS
PROVISIONS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
13.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Effect on Successors and Assigns.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in
this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
13.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Actions by Successor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Any act or proceeding by any provision of this Indenture authorized
or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of the Company shall and may be done and performed with
like force and effect by the corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that shall at the time be the lawful
successor of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 46; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->42<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
13.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Surrender of Company Powers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company by instrument in writing executed by authority of
its Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the powers reserved to the Company, and thereupon such
power so surrendered shall terminate both as to the Company and as to any successor corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
13.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Notices.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, any notice, request
or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given, made or served by the Trustee or by the
holders of Securities or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Company may be given or served by being deposited
in first class mail, postage prepaid, or delivered by hand or overnight courier, addressed (until another address is filed in writing
by the Company with the Trustee), as follows: 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790, with a copy to Pepper Hamilton
LLP, 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10018, Attn: Merrill M. Kraines, Esq. Any notice, election, request or demand by the
Company or any Securityholder or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have
been sufficiently given, furnished or filed in writing (or by facsimile transmissions, provided that oral confirmation of receipt
shall have been received) to or with the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
13.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Governing Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">This Indenture and each Security shall be deemed to be a contract
made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with the laws of said
State, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
13.06.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Treatment of Securities as Debt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">It is intended that the Securities will be treated as indebtedness
and not as equity for federal income tax purposes. The provisions of this Indenture shall be interpreted to further this intention.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
13.07.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company
shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers&rsquo; Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture
(other than the certificate to be delivered pursuant to Section 13.13) relating to the proposed action have been complied with
and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except
that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any
provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 47; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->43<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each
certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition
or covenant in this Indenture shall include (i) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant
or condition; (ii) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or
opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (iii) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made
such examination or investigation as is reasonably necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not
such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (iv) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such
condition or covenant has been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
13.08.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Payments on Business Days.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board
Resolution, and set forth in an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture,
in any case where the date of maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of any Security shall
not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding Business
Day with the same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption, and no interest shall accrue for the
period after such nominal date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
13.09.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits,
qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Sections 310 to 317, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act, such imposed duties
shall control.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
13.10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Indenture and Securities Solely Corporate Obligations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">No recourse for the payment of the principal of, premium, if
any, or interest on any Securities, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, and no recourse under or upon
any obligation, covenant or agreement of the Company in this Indenture or in any supplemental indenture or in any Security, or
because of the creation of any indebtedness represented thereby, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, employee,
agent, officer, director or subsidiary, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or of any successor entity, either directly
or through the Company or any successor entity, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute, or rule of law, or by the enforcement
of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that all such liability is hereby expressly waived and
released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
13.11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Counterparts.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts,
each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
13.12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Separability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this
Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect,
such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or of such Securities,
but this Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision had never been
contained herein or therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 48; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->44<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
13.13.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Compliance Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after
the end of each fiscal year during which any Securities of any series were outstanding, a compliance certificate stating whether
or not the signer knows of any Default or Event of Default that occurred during such fiscal year. Such certificate shall contain
a certification from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Company
that a review has been conducted of the activities of the Company and the Company&rsquo;s performance under this Indenture and
that the Company has complied with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section 13.13, such
compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture. If
the officer of the Company signing such certificate has knowledge of such a Default or Event of Default, the certificate shall
describe any such Default or Event of Default and its status.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
14</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">SUBORDINATION
OF SECURITIES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
14.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Agreement of Subordination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company covenants and agrees, and each holder of Securities
issued hereunder by his acceptance thereof likewise covenants and agrees, that all Securities shall be issued subject to the provisions
of this Article 14; and each Securityholder, whether upon original issue or upon transfer or assignment thereof, accepts and agrees
to be bound by such provisions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest
on all Securities issued hereunder shall, to the extent and in the manner hereinafter set forth, be subordinated and subject in
right of payment to the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of the Company, whether outstanding at the date of this
Indenture or thereafter incurred.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The provisions of this Article 14 define the subordination of
the Securities, as obligations of the Company, with respect to Senior Indebtedness of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">No provision of this Article 14 shall prevent the occurrence
of any default or Event of Default hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
14.02.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Payments to Securityholders<I>.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In the event and during the continuation of any default in the
payment of principal, premium, interest or any other payment due on any Senior Indebtedness of the Company continuing beyond the
period of grace, if any, specified in the instrument or lease evidencing such Senior Indebtedness of the Company, then, unless
and until such default shall have been cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist, no payment shall be made by the Company with
respect to the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on the Securities, except payments made pursuant to Article 11 hereof
from monies deposited with the Trustee pursuant thereto prior to the happening of such default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 49; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->45<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Upon any payment by the Company, or distribution of assets of
the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to creditors upon any dissolution or winding-up
or liquidation or reorganization of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary or in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or
other proceedings, all amounts due or to become due upon all Senior Indebtedness of the Company shall first be paid in full, or
payment thereof provided for in money in accordance with its terms, before any payment is made on account of the principal (and
premium, if any) or interest on the Securities (except payments made pursuant to Article 11 hereof from monies deposited with the
Trustee pursuant thereto prior to the happening of such dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization); and upon any such
dissolution or winding-up or liquidation or reorganization any payment by the Company, or distribution of assets of the Company
of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to which the holders of the Securities or the Trustee would
be entitled, except for the provisions of this Article 14, shall (except as aforesaid) be paid by the Company or by any receiver,
trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent or other Person making such payment or distribution, or by the holders of the
Securities or by the Trustee under this Indenture if received by them or it, directly to the holders of Senior Indebtedness of
the Company (pro rata to such holders on the basis of the respective amounts of Senior Indebtedness of the Company held by such
holders, as calculated by the Company) or their representative or representatives, or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture
pursuant to which any instruments evidencing any Senior Indebtedness of the Company may have been issued, as their respective interests
may appear, to the extent necessary to pay all Senior Indebtedness of the Company in full, in money or money&rsquo;s worth, after
giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or for the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, before any
payment or distribution is made to the holders of the Securities or to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment
or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, prohibited by the foregoing,
shall be received by the Trustee or the holders of the Securities before all Senior Indebtedness of the Company is paid in full,
or provision is made for such payment in money in accordance with its terms, such payment or distribution shall be held in trust
for the benefit of and shall be paid over or delivered to the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company or their representative
or representatives, or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant to which any instruments evidencing any Senior Indebtedness
of the Company may have been issued, as their respective interests may appear, as calculated by the Company, for application to
the payment of all Senior Indebtedness of the Company remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to pay all Senior Indebtedness of
the Company in full in money in accordance with its terms, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or
for the holders of such Senior Indebtedness.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 50; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->46<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">For purposes of this Article 14, the words, &ldquo;cash, property
or securities&rdquo; shall not be deemed to include shares of stock of the Company as reorganized or readjusted, or securities
of the Company or any other corporation provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment, the payment of which is subordinated
at least to the extent provided in this Article 14 with respect to the Securities to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness of
the Company which may at the time be outstanding; provided that (i)&nbsp;the Senior Indebtedness of the Company is assumed by the
new corporation, if any, resulting from any such reorganization or readjustment, and (ii)&nbsp;the rights of the holders of the
Senior Indebtedness of the Company (other than leases) and of leases which are assumed are not, without the consent of such holders,
altered by such reorganization or readjustment. The consolidation of the Company with, or the merger of the Company into, another
corporation or the liquidation or dissolution of the Company following the conveyance or transfer of its property as an entirety,
or substantially as an entirety, to another corporation upon the terms and conditions provided for in Article 10 hereof shall not
be deemed a dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization for the purposes of this Section&nbsp;14.02 if such other corporation
shall, as a part of such consolidation, merger, conveyance or transfer, comply with the conditions stated in Article 10 hereof.
Nothing in this Section&nbsp;14.02 shall apply to claims of, or payments to, the Trustee under or pursuant to Article 7.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
14.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Subrogation of Securities<I>.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Subject to the payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of
the Company, the rights of the holders of the Securities shall be subrogated to the rights of the holders of Senior Indebtedness
of the Company to receive payments or distributions of cash, property or securities of the Company applicable to the Senior Indebtedness
of the Company until the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities shall be paid in full; and, for the
purposes of such subrogation, no payments or distributions to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness of the Company of any cash,
property or securities to which the holders of the Securities or the Trustee would be entitled except for the provisions of this
Article 14 to or for the benefit of the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company by holders of the Securities or the Trustee,
shall, as between the Company, its creditors other than holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, and the holders of the Securities,
be deemed to be a payment by the Company to or on account of the Senior Indebtedness of the Company. It is understood that the
provisions of this Article 13 are and are intended solely for the purpose of defining the relative rights of the holders of the
Securities, on the one hand, and the holders of the Senior Indebtedness of the Company, on the other hand.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Nothing contained in this Article 14 or elsewhere in this Indenture
or in the Securities is intended to or shall impair, as between the Company, its creditors other than the holders of its Senior
Indebtedness, and the holders of the Securities, the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay to
the holders of the Securities the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities as and when the same shall
become due and payable in accordance with their terms, or is intended to or shall affect the relative rights of the holders of
the Securities and creditors of the Company other than the holders of its Senior Indebtedness, nor shall anything herein or therein
prevent the Trustee or the holder of any Security from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default
under this Indenture, subject to the rights, if any, under this Article 14 of the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company
in respect of cash, property or securities of the Company received upon the exercise of any such remedy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 51; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->47<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred
to in this Article 14, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Article 7, and the holders of the Securities shall be entitled
to rely upon any order or decree made by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such dissolution, winding-up, liquidation
or reorganization proceedings are pending, or a certificate of the receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent
or other Person making such payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or to the holders of the Securities, for the purpose
of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such distribution, the holders of the Senior Indebtedness and other indebtedness
of the Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent
thereto or to this Article 14.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
14.04.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Authorization by Securityholders<I>.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Each holder of a Security by his acceptance thereof authorizes
and directs the Trustee on his behalf to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination provided
in this Article 14 appoints the Trustee his attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
14.05.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Notice to Trustee<I>.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company shall give promptly written notice to a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee of any fact known to the Company which would prohibit the making of any payment of monies to or by the Trustee
in respect of the Securities pursuant to the provisions of this Article 14. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article 14 or
any other provision of this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of the existence of any facts which would
prohibit the making of any payment of monies to or by the Trustee in respect of the Securities pursuant to the provisions of this
Article 14, unless and until a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have received written notice thereof at the Corporate Trust
Office of the Trustee from the Company or a holder or holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company or from any trustee therefor;
and before the receipt of any such written notice, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Article 7, shall be entitled in all
respects to assume that no such facts exist;<I>&nbsp;&nbsp;provided</I>&nbsp;that if on a date not fewer than three Business Days
prior to the date upon which by the terms hereof any such monies may become payable for any purpose (including, without limitation,
the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security) the Trustee shall not have received, with respect
to such monies, the notice provided for in this Section&nbsp;14.05, then, anything herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding,
the Trustee shall have full power and authority to receive such monies and to apply the same to the purpose for which they were
received, and shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary which may be received by it on or after such prior date. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary hereinbefore set forth, nothing shall prevent any payment by the Company or the Trustee to the Securityholders
of monies in connection with a redemption of Securities if (i)&nbsp;notice of such redemption has been given in accordance herewith
prior to the receipt by the Trustee of written notice as aforesaid, and (ii)&nbsp;such notice of redemption is given not earlier
than 60 days before the redemption date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Trustee conclusively shall be entitled to rely on the delivery
to it of a written notice by a Person representing himself to be a holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company (or a trustee on
behalf of such holder) to establish that such notice has been given by a holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company or a trustee
on behalf of any such holder or holders. In the event that the Trustee determines in good faith that further evidence is required
with respect to the right of any Person as a holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company to participate in any payment or distribution
pursuant to this Article 14, the Trustee may request such Person to furnish evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee
as to the amount of Senior Indebtedness of the Company held by such Person, the extent to which such Person is entitled to participate
in such payment or distribution and any other facts pertinent to the rights of such Person under this Article 14, and if such evidence
is not furnished the Trustee may defer any payment to such Person pending judicial determination as to the right of such Person
to receive such payment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 52; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->48<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
14.06.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Trustee&rsquo;s Relation to Senior Indebtedness<I>.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">The Trustee in its individual capacity shall
be entitled to all the rights set forth in this Article 14 in respect of any Senior Indebtedness of the Company at any time held
by it, to the same extent as any other holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company and nothing elsewhere in this Indenture shall
deprive the Trustee of any of its rights as such holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">With respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company,
the Trustee undertakes to perform or to observe only such of its covenants and obligations as are specifically set forth in this
Article 14, and no implied covenants or obligations with respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company shall be
read into this Indenture against the Trustee. The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior
Indebtedness of the Company and the Trustee shall not be liable to any holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company if it shall
pay over or deliver to holders of Securities, the Company or any other Person money or assets to which any holder of Senior Indebtedness
of the Company shall be entitled by virtue of this Article 14 or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
14.07.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>No Impairment of Subordination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">No right of any present or future holder of any Senior Indebtedness
of the Company to enforce subordination as herein provided shall at any time in any way be prejudiced or impaired by any act or
failure to act on the part of the Company or by any act or failure to act, in good faith, by any such holder, or by any noncompliance
by the Company with the terms, provisions and covenants of this Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof which any such holder
may have or otherwise be charged with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Section
14.08.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Rights of Trustee. Nothing in this Article 14 shall apply to
claims of or payments to, the Trustee pursuant to Article&nbsp;7.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 53; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: center">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->49<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture
to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><B>APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>By:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Name:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><B>[TRUSTEE],</B> as Trustee</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>By:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Name:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 54 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 80%"><B>Section of Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as Amended</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 18%"><B>Section of<BR>
 Indenture</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>310(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.09</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>310(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.08</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.10</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>310(c)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Inapplicable</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>311(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.13</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>311(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.13</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>311(c)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Inapplicable</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>312(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.01</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.02(a)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>312(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.02(c)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>312(c)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.02(c)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>313(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.04(a)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>313(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.04(b)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>313(c)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.04(a)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.04(b)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>313(d)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.04(c)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>314(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>5.03</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>13.12</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>314(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Inapplicable</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>314(c)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>13.07(a)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>314(d)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Inapplicable</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>314(e)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>13.07(b)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>314(f)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Inapplicable</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>315(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.01(a)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.01(b)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>315(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.14</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>315(c)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.01</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>315(d)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>7.01(b)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>315(e)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>6.07</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>316(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>6.06</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>8.04</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>316(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>6.04</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>316(c)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>8.01</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>317(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>6.02</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>317(b)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>4.03</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>318(a)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>13.09</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(1)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute part of
the Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or provisions.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 55; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: #dcdcdc 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>t1700338_ex5-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;<B>Exhibit 5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"><IMG SRC="t1700338_ex5-1logo1.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The New York Times Building</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">37th Floor</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">620 Eighth Avenue</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">New York, NY 10018-1405</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">212.808.2700</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Fax 212.286.9806</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3in">May 22, 2017</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in">Applied
DNA Sciences, Inc.<BR>
50 Health Sciences Drive<BR>
Stony Brook, New York 11790</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">We have acted as counsel to Applied DNA Sciences,
Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<B>Company</B>&rdquo;), with respect to certain legal matters in connection with the Company&rsquo;s
registration pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3 (the &ldquo;<B>Registration Statement</B>&rdquo;) under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Securities Act</B>&rdquo;), of the offer and sale by the Company from time to time pursuant
to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, of (i) common stock, $0.001 par value per share, of the Company (the &ldquo;<B>Common Stock</B>&rdquo;);
(ii) preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, of the Company (the &ldquo;<B>Preferred Stock</B>,&rdquo; and along with the
Common Stock, the &ldquo;<B>Company Stock</B>&rdquo;); (iii) debt securities, in one or more series, which may be senior (the &ldquo;<B>Senior
Debt Securities</B>&rdquo;) or subordinated (the &ldquo;<B>Subordinated Debt Securities</B>,&rdquo; and, together with the Senior
Debt Securities, the &ldquo;<B>Debt Securities</B>&rdquo;); (iv) warrants to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Debt Securities
(the &ldquo;<B>Warrants</B>&rdquo;); (v) rights to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Warrants (the &ldquo;<B>Rights</B>&rdquo;);
and (vi) units consisting of any combination of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants or Rights (the &ldquo;<B>Units</B>&rdquo;),
having an aggregate initial public offering price not to exceed $25,000,000, in each case on terms to be determined at the time
of offering by the Company. The Company Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants, Rights and Units are collectively referred to herein
as the &ldquo;<B>Securities</B>.&rdquo; The Securities will be offered in amounts, at prices and on terms to be set forth in supplements
(each, a &ldquo;<B>Prospectus Supplement</B>&rdquo;) to the prospectus (the &ldquo;<B>Prospectus</B>&rdquo;) contained in the Registration
Statement. This opinion letter is furnished to you at your request to enable you to fulfill the requirements of Item 601(b)(5)
of Regulation S-K in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">We have examined such records of the Company,
other documents and questions of law as we have considered necessary or appropriate for the purposes of this opinion letter. In
our examination of the foregoing documents, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures and the authenticity of all documents
submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as certified or photostatic
copies, and the authenticity of the originals of such latter documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"></P>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 16%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Philadelphia</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Boston</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 23%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Washington, D.C.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Los Angeles</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">New York</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Pittsburgh</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 11%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Detroit</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Berwyn</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Harrisburg</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 19%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Orange County</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Princeton</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Silicon Valley</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Wilmington</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">www.pepperlaw.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="t1700338_ex5-1logo2.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page 2</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May 22, 2017</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">In addition, in connection with rendering
the opinions set forth below, we have assumed that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company&rsquo;s Certificate of Incorporation (the &ldquo;<B>Charter</B>&rdquo;) and Bylaws, each as amended through the date hereof,
will not have been further amended in any manner that would affect any legal conclusion set forth herein, and any Certificate of
Designations, Rights and Preferences in respect of any series of Preferred Stock will be in conformity therewith and with applicable
law;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
consideration paid for any shares of Company Stock will comply with Section 153(a) or (b) of the Delaware General Corporation Law
(the &ldquo;<B>DGCL</B>&rdquo;) or any successor provision;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Registration Statement , and any amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments), will have become effective under the
Securities Act and such effectiveness will not have been terminated or rescinded;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
Prospectus Supplement will have been prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission describing the Securities offered
thereby;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all
Securities will be offered and sold in compliance with applicable federal and state securities or &ldquo;blue sky&rdquo; laws and
in the manner specified in the Registration Statement and the applicable Prospectus Supplement;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;with
respect to Securities to be offered through an agent, underwriter or dealer or to or through a market maker, the form, terms and
conditions of a definitive purchase, placement, agency, underwriting or similar agreement with respect to such Securities or, with
respect to Securities to be sold by the Company directly to investors in privately negotiated transactions, the form, terms and
conditions of a definitive purchase agreement with respect to such Securities (such agreement with respect to any offering of Securities,
the &ldquo;<B>Definitive Agreement</B>&rdquo;), will have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company
and the other parties thereto;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in
the case of Common Stock, the Board of Directors of the Company (the &ldquo;<B>Board</B>&rdquo;) will have taken all necessary
corporate action to approve the issuance of the Common Stock, and the issuance of such shares of Common Stock will not violate
any applicable law or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and will comply
with any requirements or restrictions imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="t1700338_ex5-1logo2.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page 3</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May 22, 2017</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in
the case of Preferred Stock of any series, the Board will have taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance of
the Preferred Stock of such series and to designate and establish the terms of such series, will have caused an appropriate Certificate
of Designations, Rights and Preferences or amendment to the Charter with respect to such series of Preferred Stock to be prepared
and filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, and the terms of such series of Preferred Stock will not violate
any applicable law or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and will comply
with any requirements or restrictions imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in
the case of Senior Debt Securities of any series, (i) an indenture relating to the Senior Debt Securities (the &ldquo;<B>Senior
Debt Securities Indenture</B>&rdquo;) and any supplemental indentures thereto will be duly authorized, executed and delivered by
the Company, the trustee thereunder and any other party thereto; (ii) each person signing the Senior Debt Securities Indenture
and any supplemental indenture thereto will have the legal capacity and authority to do so; (iii) if required, the Senior Debt
Securities Indenture, and, if applicable, any supplemental indenture relating to the Senior Debt Securities, will have been duly
qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended; (iv) the Board will have taken all necessary corporate action to approve
the issuance of Senior Debt Securities of such series and to establish the terms of such series of Senior Debt Securities, and
will have caused, in conformity with the Senior Debt Securities Indenture, a supplemental indenture or officers&rsquo; certificate
attaching the resolutions of the Board setting forth the terms of such series of Senior Debt Securities to be duly authorized,
executed and delivered by the parties thereto; and (v) none of the Senior Debt Securities Indenture, any supplemental indenture
relating to the Senior Debt Securities or any other instrument representing or setting forth the terms of such series of Senior
Debt Securities will include any provision that is unenforceable, the terms of such series of Senior Debt Securities and of their
issuance and sale will not to violate any applicable law or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument
binding upon the Company and will comply with any requirements or restrictions imposed by any court or governmental body having
jurisdiction over the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(j)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in
the case of Subordinated Debt Securities of any series (i) an indenture relating to the Subordinated Debt Securities (the &ldquo;<B>Subordinated
Debt Securities Indenture</B>&rdquo;) and any supplemental indentures thereto will be duly authorized, executed and delivered by
the Company, the trustee thereunder and any other party thereto; (ii) each person signing the Subordinated Debt Securities Indenture
and any supplemental indenture thereto will have the legal capacity and authority to do so; (iii) if required, the Subordinated
Debt Securities Indenture, and, if applicable, any supplemental indenture relating to the Subordinated Debt Securities, will have
been duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended; (iv) the Board will have taken all necessary corporate action
to approve the issuance of Subordinated Debt Securities of such series and to establish the terms of such series of Subordinated
Debt Securities, and will have caused, in conformity with the Subordinated Debt Securities Indenture, a supplemental indenture
or officers&rsquo; certificate attaching the resolutions of the Board setting forth the terms of such series of Subordinated Debt
Securities to be duly authorized, executed and delivered by the parties thereto; and (v) none of the Subordinated Debt Securities
Indenture, any supplemental indenture relating to the Subordinated Debt Securities or any other instrument representing or setting
forth the terms of such series of Subordinated Debt Securities will include any provision that is unenforceable, the terms of such
series of Subordinated Debt Securities and of their issuance and sale will not violate any applicable law or result in a default
under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and will comply with any requirements or restrictions imposed
by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="t1700338_ex5-1logo2.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page 4</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May 22, 2017</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(k)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in
the case of Warrants, (i) the Board will have taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the creation of and the terms of
such Warrants and the issuance of the Securities to be issued upon exercise of such Warrants and to approve any warrant agreement
relating thereto (the &ldquo;<B>Warrant Agreement</B>&rdquo;); (ii) such Warrant Agreement will have been duly executed and delivered
by the Company and the warrant agent thereunder, if any, appointed by the Company; (iii) each person signing the Warrant Agreement
will have the legal capacity and authority to do so; (iv) neither such Warrants nor such Warrant Agreement will include any provision
that is unenforceable, that violates any applicable law or results in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument
binding upon the Company; (v) such Warrants or certificates representing such Warrants will have been duly executed, countersigned,
registered and delivered in accordance with the provisions of such Warrant Agreement; and (vi) the issuance and sale of the Warrants
will not violate any applicable law or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company
and will comply with any requirements or restrictions imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(l)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in
the case of Rights, (i) the Board will have taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the creation of and the terms of
such Rights and the issuance of the Securities to be issued upon exercise of such Rights and to approve any rights agreement relating
thereto (the &ldquo;<B>Rights Agreement</B>&rdquo;); (ii) such Rights Agreement will have been duly executed and delivered by the
Company and the rights agent thereunder appointed by the Company; (iii) each person signing the Rights Agreement will have the
legal capacity and authority to do so; (iv) neither such Rights nor such Rights Agreement will include any provision that is unenforceable,
that violates any applicable law or results in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company;
(v) such Rights or certificates representing such Rights will have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered
in accordance with the provisions of such Rights Agreement; and (vi) the issuance and sale of the Rights will not violate any applicable
law or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and will comply with any requirements
or restrictions imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="t1700338_ex5-1logo2.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page 5</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May 22, 2017</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(m)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in
the case of Units, (i) the Board will have taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the creation of and the terms of such
Units and the issuance of the Company Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants or Rights comprising such Units and to approve any unit
agreement relating thereto (the &ldquo;<B>Unit Agreement</B>&rdquo;); (ii) such Unit Agreement will have been duly executed and
delivered by the Company and the unit agent thereunder, if any, appointed by the Company; (iii) each person signing the Unit Agreement
will have the legal capacity and authority to do so; (iv) none of the Units, the Company Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants or Rights
comprising such Units nor such Unit Agreement will include any provision that is unenforceable, that violates any applicable law
or results in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company; (v) such Units or certificates
representing such Units, if any, will have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered in accordance with the provisions
of such Unit Agreement; and (vi) the issuance and sale of the Units will not violate any applicable law or result in a default
under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and will comply with any requirements or restrictions imposed
by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(n)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;certificates
representing shares of Company Stock will have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered, or if uncertificated,
valid book-entry notations will have been made in the share register of the Company, in each case in accordance with the provisions
of the Company&rsquo;s Charter and Bylaws, each as amended and then in effect;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(o)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there
will be sufficient Common Stock or Preferred Stock authorized under the Charter and then in effect and not otherwise issued or
reserved for issuance;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(p)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
purchase price for Company Stock payable to the Company or, if such shares are issuable upon conversion, exchange, redemption or
exercise of other Securities, the consideration payable to the Company for such conversion, exchange, redemption or exercise will
not be less than the par value of such shares, in the case of Common Stock, or the lesser of such purchase price or such consideration,
as the case may be, or the amount of such purchase price or such consideration, as the case may be, timely determined by the Board
to constitute the stated capital applicable to such shares, in the case of shares of Preferred Stock;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="t1700338_ex5-1logo2.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page 6</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May 22, 2017</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(q)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
Securities issuable upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any Securities being offered will have been duly authorized, created
and, if appropriate, reserved for issuance upon such conversion, exchange or exercise; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">(r)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company will continue to be validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with the requisite power
and authority to issue and sell all such Securities at such time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">Based on the foregoing, and subject to the
assumptions, qualifications, limitations, and exceptions set forth herein, we are of the opinion that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With
respect to the Company Stock, when the Company Stock has been issued and delivered either (i) in accordance with the terms of the
applicable Definitive Agreement, upon payment of the consideration therefor provided for therein or (ii) upon conversion, exchange
or exercise of any Security, in accordance with the terms of such Security or the instrument governing such Security providing
for such conversion, exchange or exercise, the Company Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With
respect to the Debt Securities, when the Debt Securities have been duly executed and authenticated in accordance with the provisions
of the Senior Debt Securities Indenture, in the case of Senior Debt Securities, or the Subordinated Debt Securities Indenture,
in the case of Subordinated Debt Securities, and any applicable supplemental indenture, and issued and delivered in accordance
with the terms of the applicable Definitive Agreement upon payment of the consideration therefor provided therein, such Debt Securities
will be legally issued and will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company
in accordance with their terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With
respect to the Warrants, when the Warrants have been duly executed and countersigned in accordance with the Warrant Agreement and
issued and delivered in accordance with the terms of the applicable Definitive Agreement upon payment of the consideration therefor
provided therein, such Warrants will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in
accordance with their terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With
respect to the Rights, when the Rights have been duly executed and countersigned in accordance with the Rights Agreement and issued
and delivered in accordance with the terms of the applicable Definitive Agreement upon payment of the consideration therefor provided
therein, such Rights will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance
with their terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="t1700338_ex5-1logo2.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page 7</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May 22, 2017</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With
respect to the Units, when the Units have been duly executed and countersigned in accordance with the Unit Agreement and issued
and delivered in accordance with the terms of the applicable Definitive Agreement upon payment of the consideration therefor provided
therein, such Units will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance
with their terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">We express no opinion concerning (a) the validity
or enforceability of any provisions to be contained in the Senior Debt Securities Indenture, the Subordinated Debt Securities Indenture
or any supplemental indenture relating to the Senior Debt Securities or Subordinated Debt Securities, that purport to waive or
not give effect to rights to notices, defenses, subrogation or other rights or benefits that cannot be effectively waived under
applicable law; (b) any provision that relates to severability or separability or purports to require that all amendments, supplements
or waivers to be in writing; or (c) the enforceability of indemnification provisions to the extent they purport to relate to liabilities
resulting from or based upon negligence or any violation of federal or state securities or blue sky laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">In addition, our opinions in paragraphs 2,
3, 4 and 5 above are subject to: (a) the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent conveyance, moratorium or
other similar laws now or hereafter in effect relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors; (b) the effect of
general principles of equity, including without limitation, concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing
and the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief, regardless of whether enforcement is considered in
a proceeding in equity or at law, and the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefore may be brought; (c) the
unenforceability under certain circumstances under law or court decisions of provisions providing for the indemnification of, or
contribution to, a party with respect to a liability where such indemnification or contribution is contrary to public policy; (d)
the rights or remedies available to any party for violations or breaches of any provisions of the Debt Securities, Warrants, Rights
and Units, as applicable, that are immaterial or the enforcement of which would be unreasonable under the then existing circumstances,
(e) the rights or remedies available to any party for material violations or breaches that are the proximate result of actions
taken by any party to the Debt Securities, Warrants, Rights and Units, as applicable, other than the party against whom enforcement
is sought, which actions such other party is not entitled to take pursuant to the Debt Securities, Warrants, Rights and Units,
as applicable, or that otherwise violate applicable laws, (f) the rights or remedies available to any party that takes discretionary
action that is arbitrary, unreasonable or capricious, or is not taken in good faith or in a commercially reasonable manner, whether
or not the Debt Securities, Warrants, Rights and Units, as applicable, permit such action or (g) the effect of the exercise of
judicial discretion, whether in a proceeding in equity or at law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 7 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="t1700338_ex5-1logo2.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page 8</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May 22, 2017</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">The foregoing opinions are limited to the
laws of the State of New York, the DGCL (including the applicable provisions of the Delaware Constitution and the reported judicial
decisions interpreting these laws) and applicable federal laws of the United States of America and we express no opinion as to
the effect of the laws of any other jurisdiction, domestic or foreign.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">We hereby consent to the references to Pepper
Hamilton LLP under the caption &ldquo;Legal Matters&rdquo; in the Prospectus and to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to
the Registration Statement. By giving such consent, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is
required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">Very truly yours,</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 20%">/s/ Pepper Hamilton LLP</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 30%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">Pepper Hamilton LLP</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 8; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-12.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>t1700338_ex12-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 12.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 12.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The following table sets forth the ratio of earnings to fixed
charges for Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. for each of the last five fiscal years and for the three months ended March 31, 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="18" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 2px solid">Fiscal Year Ended September 30,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 2px solid">Three months <BR>
ended March <BR>
31, 2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 2px solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 2px solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 2px solid">2014</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 2px solid">2013</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 2px solid">2012</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="width: 22%; text-align: left">Net loss</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right">(3,428,856</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right">(12,175,979</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right">(11,881,137</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right">(13,066,661</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right">(17,686,472</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right">(7,150,712</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Fixed charges</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2px">Interest expense</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: right">23,468</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: right">11,875</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2px solid; text-align: right">643,063</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4px">Total fixed charges</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right">23,468</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right">11,875</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right">643,063</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Earnings/Loss adjusted</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(3,428,856</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(12,175,979</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(11,857,669</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(13,054,786</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(17,686,472</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(6,507,649</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: Azure">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4px">Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right">(b)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right">(c)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right">(d)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4px double; text-align: right">(f)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4px; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">(a) Due
to the loss for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2017, the ratio of earning to fixed charges for that period was less than 1.00.
The deficiency of earnings to total fixed charges was approximately $3,428,856.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">(b) Due
to the loss for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges for that period was less than
1.00. The deficiency of earnings to total fixed charges was approximately $12,175,979.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">(c) Due
to the loss for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges for that period was less than
1.00. The deficiency of earnings to total fixed charges was approximately $11,881,137.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">(d Due to
the loss for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges for that period was less than 1.00.
The deficiency of earnings to total fixed charges was approximately $13,066,661.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">(e) Due
to the loss for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2013, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges for that period was less than
1.00. The deficiency of earnings to total fixed charges was approximately $17,686,472.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">(f) Due
to the loss for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2012, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges for that period was less than
1.00. The deficiency of earnings to total fixed charges was approximately $7,150,712.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. has no shares of preferred stock
outstanding and has not declared or paid any dividends on preferred stock for the periods set forth above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>t1700338_ex23-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBITT 23.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 23.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>INDEPENDENT
REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM&rsquo;S CONSENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration
Statement of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. on Form S-3 of our report dated December 6, 2016, with respect to our audits of the consolidated
financial statements of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. as of September 30, 2016 and 2015 and for the years then ended appearing in
the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. for the year ended September 30, 2016. We also consent to the reference
to our firm under the heading &ldquo;Experts&rdquo; in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Marcum LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Marcum LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Melville, NY</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">May 22, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>t1700338_ex5-1logo1.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 t1700338_ex5-1logo1.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! @  9 !D  #_[  11'5C:WD  0 $    9   _^X #D%D
M;V)E &3      ?_; (0  0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$!
M 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0(" @(" @(" @(" P,# P,# P,# P$! 0$! 0$" 0$"
M @(! @(# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,#
M P,# P,# P,#_\  $0@ ) #* P$1  (1 0,1 ?_$ ,$   $$ @,!
M       &!P@)!0H! P0" 0 !!0$! 0$              0(#! 4&!P@)$
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M P/Z/!YRTY0GYB<D\&U"GU\,'\%=7_-Y=@&UWYWN'XX!!(9E&>?+"EBN1(8
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MMCN]QAL+>G5N96U"Y.X%M5M#@M"YKTJ8I4N"K7GC/-[T8N\.'D8N8\YSP^@
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M FX6&!%C(,A"%@&F;34GP"OM(-*^^F+UQ*MUL0N2D:,+Z4*%% B,G,Y:G-M
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MB%F'<IBBR\Y2V%%F.202?)1Y!9H@ $#Q3%P#I"TX=M</FTVVQI92LGF6N3*
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M'\//S^CO?3T+ZI])(O83R7UAY_Z*]85KY/Z.]L_VCY!ZX],>7\OJ?'>&\/\
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2R?.:^7^CS=6GMQ*+BYCB,?_9

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>t1700338_ex5-1logo2.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 t1700338_ex5-1logo2.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! @  9 !D  #_[  11'5C:WD  0 $    9   _^X #D%D
M;V)E &3      ?_; (0  0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$!
M 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0(" @(" @(" @(" P,# P,# P,# P$! 0$! 0$" 0$"
M @(! @(# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,#
M P,# P,# P,#_\  $0@ '0"> P$1  (1 0,1 ?_$ *8   $%  ,! 0
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M4%2)E,!A';Y9,CDD?J#1<&O!;FU>!3N."U]@^N[[<-LV^Q=M\WK-K)/9RLN
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MR7D%U/&>2JB36/BHIHBW8M4# DJY7.[$O[R\<3^V?\;_ &Y@#^/>Z)\O\?\
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M6!<UYHQ;L8^M5FH.=,/QLG!4W)F-;M&P,X%;E_5^OK,ZQE&,_7+%!+^T7/\
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M;RACM;,_N&:^T <A&Q@VQR+-)WUX'V07"1%7859PP]D@V&3,L9*2].( 8/:
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/VKJ?8U.41>W0Y=<J<?_9

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
