<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-22-080845.txt : 20220719
<SEC-HEADER>0001104659-22-080845.hdr.sgml : 20220719
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20220719160820
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-22-080845
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		8
FILED AS OF DATE:		20220719
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20220719

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			APPLIED DNA SCIENCES INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000744452
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS SERVICES [7380]
		IRS NUMBER:				592262718
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0930

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-266217
		FILM NUMBER:		221091649

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		50 HEALTH SCIENCES DRIVE
		CITY:			STONY BROOK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11790
		BUSINESS PHONE:		631-240-8800

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		50 HEALTH SCIENCES DRIVE
		CITY:			STONY BROOK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11790

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PROHEALTH MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20010504

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	DCC ACQUISITION CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19990211

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	DATALINK CAPITAL CORP/TX/
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19980306
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-3
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>tm2221337d1_s3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM S-3
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on July&nbsp;19, 2022<BR>
Registration No.&nbsp;333-</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>UNITED STATES<BR>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION<BR>
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM&nbsp;S-3</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>REGISTRATION STATEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>UNDER<BR>
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>APPLIED DNA SCIENCES,&nbsp;INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 30%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Delaware</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(State or other jurisdiction of<BR>
 incorporation or
    organization)</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 30%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">59-2262718</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(I.R.S. Employer Identification<BR>
Number)</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>50 Health Sciences Drive<BR>
Stony Brook, New York 11790<BR>
(631) 240-8800<BR>
</B>(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant&rsquo;s principal executive offices)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>James A. Hayward, Ph.D., Sc.D.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President<BR>
Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.<BR>
50 Health Sciences Drive<BR>
Stony Brook, New York 11790<BR>
(631) 240-8800<BR>
</B>(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>Please send copies of all communications to:</I><BR>
<B>Merrill M. Kraines,&nbsp;Esq.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Todd Kornfeld,&nbsp;Esq.<BR>
McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP<BR>
One Vanderbilt Avenue<BR>
New York, New York 10017-3852<BR>
Telephone: (212) 547-5616</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From
time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered
on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (&ldquo;<U>Securities Act</U>&rdquo;),
other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box.&nbsp; <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#120;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If this Form&nbsp;is filed to register additional securities for an
offering pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(b)&nbsp;under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act Registration
Statement number of the earlier effective Registration Statement for the same offering.&nbsp; <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If this Form&nbsp;is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule&nbsp;462(c)&nbsp;under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act Registration Statement number of
the earlier effective Registration Statement for the same offering.&nbsp; <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If this Form&nbsp;is a Registration Statement pursuant to General
Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(e)&nbsp;under
the Securities Act, check the following box.&nbsp; <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If this Form&nbsp;is a post-effective amendment to a registration
statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant
to Rule&nbsp;413(b)&nbsp;under the Securities Act, check the following box.&nbsp; <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated
filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions
of &ldquo;large accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;smaller reporting company,&rdquo; and &ldquo;emerging
growth company&rdquo; in rule&nbsp;12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 21%">Large Accelerated Filer</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 53%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&uml;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 21%">Accelerated Filer</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&uml;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>Non-Accelerated Filer</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Smaller Reporting Company</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 21%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 53%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 21%">Emerging Growth Company</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&uml;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant
to Section&nbsp;7(a)(2)(B)&nbsp;of the Securities Act.&nbsp; <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such
date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states
that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section&nbsp;8(a)&nbsp;of the Securities Act, or
until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said
Section&nbsp;8(a), may determine.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 2pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-weight: bold"></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; color: red">The information contained in this prospectus
is not complete and may be changed. The selling stockholder named in this prospectus may not sell these securities until the registration
statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and
we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where such offer or sale is not permitted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: red">SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 19,
2022</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="tm2221337d1_s3sp1img001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>APPLIED DNA SCIENCES,&nbsp;INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>1,496,400 SHARES OF COMMON STOCK ISSUED PURSUANT
TO THE EXERCISE OF WARRANTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus relates to the resale by the selling
stockholder named herein, including its transferees, pledgees or donees, or their respective successors, of up to <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">1,496,400</FONT>
shares (the &ldquo;Shares&rdquo;) of Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;)&rsquo;s common stock, $0.001 par value,
issuable upon the exercise of warrants (the &ldquo;Warrants&rdquo;) to purchase <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">1,496,400</FONT>
shares of common stock. Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. is the &ldquo;Selling Stockholder&rdquo;. For information about the Selling
Stockholder, see &ldquo;Selling Stockholder&rdquo; on page 30.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock offered by the Selling Stockholder
will be issued pursuant to the exercise of Warrants in accordance with their terms. The Warrants were issued in connection with that certain
Securities Purchase Agreement entered into by us with the Selling Stockholder. See &ldquo;Private Placement of Warrants.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We are not selling any securities under this prospectus
and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of common stock by the Selling Stockholder, except for funds received from the
exercise of Warrants held by the Selling Stockholder, if and when exercised for cash.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Selling Stockholder may sell shares of common
stock (the &ldquo;Securities&rdquo;) from time to time in the principal markets on which the common stock is quoted at the prevailing
market price, at prices related to prevailing market prices or in negotiated transactions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Selling Stockholder may sell shares to or through
underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, who may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the Selling
Stockholder, the purchasers of the shares, or both.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We are registering the offer and sale of the Securities
pursuant to certain registration rights granted to the Selling Stockholder. The timing and amount of any sale of common stock is within
the sole discretion of the Selling Stockholder. We do not know when or in what amount the Selling Stockholder may offer the Securities
for sale. We will pay the expenses of registering these Securities, including legal and accounting fees. All selling and other expenses
incurred by the Selling Stockholder will be borne by the Selling Stockholder. See &ldquo;Plan of Distribution.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Capital
Market under the symbol &ldquo;APDN&rdquo;. On July&nbsp;18, 2022, the closing sales price for our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital
Market was $0.82 per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>The purchase of the common stock offered
through this prospectus involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risk factors beginning on page 14 of this
prospectus before purchasing any of the securities offered by this prospectus.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>We may amend or supplement this prospectus from
time to time by filing amendments or supplements as required. You should read the entire prospectus and any amendments or supplements
carefully before you make your investment decision.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission
(&ldquo;SEC&rdquo;) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or
accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>The date of this prospectus is July&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ,
2022.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2; Options: NewSection; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>TABLE OF CONTENTS</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%"><A HREF="#Sp1a_001">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp1a_001">4</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp1a_002">SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp1a_002">5</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp1a_003">PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp1a_003">7</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#sp2a_001">SUMMARY OF RISKS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#sp2a_001">11</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#sp2a_002">CORPORATE INFORMATION</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#sp2a_002">12</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#sp2a_003">THE OFFERING</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#sp2a_003">13</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#sp2a_004">RISK FACTORS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#sp2a_004">14</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#s3_001">USE OF PROCEEDS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#s3_001">28</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#s3_002">DIVIDEND POLICY</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#s3_002">28</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#s3_003">PRIVATE PLACEMENT OF WARRANTS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#s3_003">29</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#s3_004">SELLING STOCKHOLDER</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#s3_004">30</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#s3_005">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#s3_005">32</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#s3_006">LEGAL MATTERS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#s3_006">35</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#s3_007">EXPERTS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#s3_007">35</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#s3_008">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#s3_008">35</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#s3_009">INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#s3_009">35</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp4a_001">INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp4a_001">38</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp4a_002">INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp4a_002">38</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp4a_003">EXHIBIT&nbsp;INDEX</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp4a_003">43</A></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="Sp1a_001"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The information contained in this prospectus is
not complete and may be changed. You should rely only on the information provided in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus,
in any prospectus supplement or in a related free writing prospectus, or documents to which we otherwise refer you. We have not authorized
anyone else to provide you with different information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have not authorized any dealer, agent or other
person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus
and any accompanying prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus. You must not rely upon any information or representation
not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or an accompanying prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus.
This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, if any, do not constitute an offer
to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor do this prospectus
and any accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, if any, constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation
of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.
You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free
writing prospectus, if any, is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of such document or that any information
we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though
this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus is delivered or securities are sold
on a later date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have not done anything that would permit this
offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus or any free writing prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose
is required, other than in the United States. You are required to inform yourself about and to observe any restrictions relating as to
this offering and the distribution of this prospectus and any such free writing prospectus outside the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We further note that the representations, warranties
and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference in this prospectus
were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among
the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations,
warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should
not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In this prospectus &ldquo;Applied DNA,&rdquo; the
 &ldquo;Company,&rdquo; &ldquo;we,&rdquo; &ldquo;us&rdquo; and &ldquo;our&rdquo; refer to Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and its subsidiaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="Sp1a_002"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>SPECIAL
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">and
any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus</FONT> and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein
contain &ldquo;forward-looking statements&rdquo; within the meaning of Section&nbsp;27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
 &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;) and Section&nbsp;21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;),
that are intended to qualify for the &ldquo;safe harbor&rdquo; created by those sections. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements
in other documents filed with or furnished to the SEC, and our management and other representatives may make forward-looking statements
orally or in writing to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">These statements
relate to future events or to our future operating or financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other
factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performances
or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Forward-looking statements can generally be identified
by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and include, but are not limited to, statements using terminology
such as &ldquo;can&rdquo;, &ldquo;may&rdquo;, &ldquo;could&rdquo;, &ldquo;should&rdquo;, &ldquo;assume&rdquo;, &ldquo;forecasts&rdquo;,
 &ldquo;believe&rdquo;, &ldquo;designed to&rdquo;, &ldquo;will&rdquo;, &ldquo;expect&rdquo;, &ldquo;plan&rdquo;, &ldquo;anticipate&rdquo;,
 &ldquo;estimate&rdquo;, &ldquo;potential&rdquo;, &ldquo;position&rdquo;, &ldquo;predicts&rdquo;, &ldquo;strategy&rdquo;, &ldquo;guidance&rdquo;,
 &ldquo;intend&rdquo;, &ldquo;seek&rdquo;, &ldquo;budget&rdquo;, &ldquo;project&rdquo; or &ldquo;continue&rdquo;, or the negative thereof
or other comparable terminology regarding beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions regarding the future. You should read statements
that contain these words carefully because they:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>discuss our future expectations;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial condition; and</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>state other &ldquo;forward-looking&rdquo; information.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe it is important to communicate our expectations.
However, forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our business and
our industry and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. Accordingly, our actual results and the timing
of certain events may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors
and risks, including, but not limited to, those set forth under &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; and &ldquo;Prospectus Summary &ndash; Our Company&rdquo;
set forth in this prospectus and those set forth from time to time in our other filings with the SEC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our forward-looking statements address, among other
things:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>our expectations of future revenues, expenditures, capital or other funding requirements;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>the adequacy of our cash and working capital to fund present and planned operations and growth;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>the substantial doubt relating to our ability to continue as a going concern;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>our business strategy and the timing of our expansion plans;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>demand for our Therapeutic DNA Production Services;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>our expectations concerning existing or potential development and license agreements for third-party collaborations and joint ventures;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>regulatory approval and compliance for our Therapeutic DNA Production Services;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>the effect of governmental regulations generally;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>our expectations of when regulatory submissions may be filed or when regulatory clearances or approvals may be received;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>our expectations concerning product candidates for our technologies; and</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>our expectations of when or if we will become profitable.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any or all of our forward-looking statements may
turn out to be wrong. They may be affected by inaccurate assumptions that we might make or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties.
Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. Among the factors
that could affect future results are:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>the inherent uncertainties of product development based on our new and as yet not fully proven technologies;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>the risks and uncertainties regarding the actual effect on humans of seemingly safe and efficacious formulations and treatments when tested clinically;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>the inherent uncertainties associated with clinical trials of product candidates;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>the inherent uncertainties associated with the process of obtaining regulatory clearance or approval to market product candidates;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>the inherent uncertainties associated with commercialization of products that have received regulatory clearance or approval;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>economic and industry conditions generally and in our specific markets;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>we may conduct a reverse stock split of our common stock to meet the requirements of Nasdaq which may adversely impact the market price and liquidity of our common stock;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>the volatility of, and decline in, our stock price; and</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>our current lack of financing for operations and our ability to obtain the necessary financing to fund our operations and effect our strategic development plan.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">All forward-looking statements and risk factors
included in this prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference are made as of the date hereof, or in the case of documents
incorporated by reference, the original date of any such documents, based on information available to us as of such date, and we assume
no obligations to update any forward-looking statement or risk factor, unless we are required to do so by law. If we do update one or
more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make updates with respect to other forward-looking statements
or that we will make any further updates to those forward-looking statements at any future time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any of the assumptions underlying the forward-looking
statements contained in this prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference could prove inaccurate and, therefore, we cannot
assure you that the results contemplated in any of such forward-looking statements will be realized. Based on the significant uncertainties
inherent in these forward-looking statements, the inclusion of any such statement should not be regarded as a representation or as a guarantee
by us that our objectives or plans will be achieved, and we caution you against relying on any of the forward-looking statements contained
herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="Sp1a_003"></A>PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This summary highlights certain information
about us, this offering and information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference in
this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing
in our securities. After you carefully read this summary, to fully understand our company and this offering and its consequences to
you, you should read this entire prospectus and any related free writing prospectus authorized by us, including the information
referred to under the heading &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; in this prospectus beginning on page 14, and any related free writing
prospectus, as well as the other documents that we incorporate by reference into this prospectus, including our financial statements
and the notes to those financial statements, which are incorporated herein by reference from our <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057821000497/apdn-20210930x10k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Annual
Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the year ended September&nbsp;30, 2021, filed on December&nbsp;9, 2021</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057821000536/apdn-20210930x10ka.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">as
amended by Amendment No.&nbsp;1 filed on December&nbsp;14, 2021</A>, as further <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822000063/apdn-20210930x10ka.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">amended
by Amendment No.&nbsp;2 filed on January&nbsp;28, 2022</A>, our <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822000113/apdn-20211231x10q.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Quarterly
Report on Form&nbsp;10-Q for the three month period ended December&nbsp;31, 2021, filed on February&nbsp;10, 2022</A>, and our <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822001364/apdn-20220331x10q.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Quarterly
Report on Form&nbsp;10-Q for the three and six- month periods ended March&nbsp;31, 2022, filed on May&nbsp;12, 2022</A>. Please read
&ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information&rdquo; on page 35 of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Our Company</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><U>Overview</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Applied DNA Sciences is a biotechnology company
developing technologies to produce and detect deoxyribonucleic acid (&ldquo;DNA&rdquo;). Using the polymerase chain reaction (&ldquo;PCR&rdquo;)
to enable both the production and detection of DNA, we operate in three primary business markets: (i)&nbsp;the manufacture of DNA for
use in nucleic acid-based therapeutics (&ldquo;Therapeutic DNA Production Services&rdquo;); (ii)&nbsp;the detection of DNA in molecular
diagnostics testing services (&ldquo;MDx Testing Services&rdquo;); and (iii)&nbsp; the manufacture and detection of DNA for industrial
supply chain security services (&ldquo;DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our growth strategy is to primarily focus our resources
on the further development, commercialization, and customer adoption of our Therapeutic DNA Production Services, including the expansion
of our contract development and manufacturing operation (&ldquo;CDMO&rdquo;) for the manufacture of DNA for nucleic acid-based therapies
and the development of our own product candidates in veterinary health. To offset these development costs, we plan to leverage our MDx
Testing Services and our DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services business to generate cashflows.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Therapeutic DNA Production Services</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Through our LinearRx,&nbsp;Inc. (&ldquo;LRx&rdquo;)
subsidiary we are developing and commercializing the LinearDNA (&ldquo;linDNA&rdquo;) platform. The linDNA platform enables the rapid,
efficient, and large-scale cell-free manufacture of high-fidelity DNA sequences for use in nucleic acid-based therapeutics. The linDNA
platform enzymatically produces a linear form of DNA we call &lsquo;linDNA&rsquo; that is an alternative to plasmid-based DNA manufacturing
technologies that have supplied the DNA used in biotherapeutics for the past 40 years.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe our enzymatic linDNA platform has numerous
advantages over existing cell-based plasmid DNA manufacturing platforms. Plasmid-based DNA manufacturing is based on the complex, costly
and time-consuming biological process of amplifying DNA in living cells. Once amplified, the DNA must be separated from the living cells
and other process contaminants via multiple rounds of purification, adding further complexity and costs. Unlike plasmid-based DNA manufacturing,
the linDNA platform does not require living cells and instead amplifies DNA via the enzymatic process of PCR. The linDNA platform is simple,
with only four ingredient inputs, and can rapidly produce very large quantities of DNA without the need for complex purification steps.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe the key advantages of the linDNA platform
include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>Speed&nbsp;&ndash; Production of linDNA can be measured in terms of hours, not&nbsp;days and weeks as is the case with plasmid-based DNA manufacturing platforms.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>Scalability&nbsp;&ndash; linDNA production takes place on efficient bench-top instruments, allowing for rapid scalability in a minimal footprint.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>Purity&nbsp;&ndash; DNA produced via PCR is pure, resulting in only large quantities of only the target DNA sequence. Unwanted DNA sequences such as plasmid backbone and antibiotic resistance genes, inherent to plasmid DNA, are not present in linDNA.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>Simplicity &ndash; The production of linDNA is streamlined relative to plasmid-based DNA production. linDNA requires only four ingredients, does not require living cells or complex fermentation systems and does not require multiple rounds of purification.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>Flexibility&nbsp;&ndash; DNA produced via the linDNA platform can be easily chemically modified to suit specific customer applications. In addition, the linDNA platform can produce a wide range of complex DNA sequences that are difficult to produce via plasmid-based DNA production platforms. These complex sequences include inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) and polyadenylation sequences (poly (A)&nbsp;tail) important to gene therapy and mRNA therapies, respectively.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 7; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->7<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Preclinical studies have shown that linDNA is substitutable
for plasmid DNA in numerous nucleic acid-based therapies, including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>therapeutic and prophylactic DNA vaccines;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>DNA templates for <I>in vitro </I>transcription to produce ribonucleic acid (&ldquo;RNA&rdquo;), including messenger RNA (&ldquo;mRNA&rdquo;); and</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>adoptive cell therapy manufacturing.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Further, we believe that linDNA is also substitutable
for plasmid DNA in the following nucleic acid-based therapies:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>viral vector manufacturing for <I>in vivo </I>and <I>ex vivo</I> gene editing;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>CRISPR-mediated homology-directed repair (&ldquo;HDR&rdquo;); and</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>non-viral gene therapy.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">As of the fourth quarter of calendar 2021, there
were 3,483 gene, cell and RNA therapies in development from preclinical through pre-registration stages, almost all of which use DNA in
their manufacturing process. (Source: ASGCT Gene, Cell&nbsp;&amp; RNA Therapy Landscape: Q4 2021 Quarterly Report). Due to what we believe
are the linDNA platform&rsquo;s numerous advantages over legacy plasmid-based DNA manufacturing platforms, we believe this large number
of therapies under development represents a substantial market opportunity for linDNA to supplant plasmid DNA in the manufacture of nucleic
acid-based therapies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our linDNA is currently manufactured pursuant to
Good Laboratory Practices (&ldquo;GLP&rdquo;) that we believe are sufficient for pre-clinical discovery and development of nucleic acid-based
therapies. In addition, for indirect clinical use of linDNA (i.e., where linDNA is a starting material but is not incorporated into the
final therapeutic product, as is the case with the production of mRNA or certain viral vectors), we believe that high-quality grade GLP
linDNA is sufficient for clinical and commercial stage customers of our Therapeutic DNA Production Services. For the direct clinical use
of our linDNA (i.e., nucleic acid-based therapies where our linDNA is incorporated into the final therapeutic product, as in the production
of DNA vaccines, adoptive cell therapies and certain gene therapies) we believe clinical and commercial stage customers of our Therapeutic
DNA Production Services will generally require our manufacturing facilities to meet current Good Manufacturing Practices (&ldquo;cGMP&rdquo;).
We currently do not have any manufacturing facilities that meet cGMP. We will need to develop and maintain manufacturing facilities that
meet cGMP to support customers that wish to use our linDNA for direct clinical use. In the longer term, we believe that the development
and maintenance of a cGMP manufacturing facility for linDNA will benefit the entirety of our Therapeutic DNA Production Services business,
in both direct and indirect clinical applications.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our business strategy for the linDNA platform is
(i)&nbsp;to utilize our current GLP linDNA production capacity to secure CDMO contracts to supply linDNA to pre-clinical therapy developers,
as well as clinical and commercial therapy developers and manufacturers that are pursuing therapeutics that require the indirect clinical
use of linDNA; and (ii)&nbsp;upon our development of cGMP linDNA production facilities, to secure CDMO contracts with clinical stage therapy
developers and commercial manufactures to supply linDNA for direct clinical use.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, we plan to leverage our Therapeutic
DNA Production Services and deep knowledge of PCR to develop and monetize, ourselves or with strategic partners, one or more linDNA-based
therapeutic or prophylactic vaccines for the veterinary health market. Currently, we have in-licensed a therapeutic DNA vaccine candidate
against canine lymphoma, which accounts for up to 24% of all cancers in canines. Our lymphoma vaccine candidate has been licensed from
Takis S.R.L and EvviVax, S.R.L. for exclusive use by the Company in association with our linDNA platform, and is subject to certain commercialization
milestones. We believe the linDNA platform provides a substantial advantage to the development and monetization of a therapeutic DNA vaccine
against canine lymphoma.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>MDx Testing Services</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Through Applied DNA Clinical Labs, LLC (&ldquo;ADCL&rdquo;),
our clinical laboratory subsidiary, we leverage our expertise in DNA detection via PCR to provide and develop clinical molecular diagnostics
(&ldquo;MDx&rdquo;) testing services. ADCL is a New York State Department of Health (&ldquo;NYSDOH&rdquo;) Clinical Laboratory Evaluation
Program (&ldquo;CLEP&rdquo;) permitted, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (&ldquo;CLIA&rdquo;)-certified laboratory which is
currently permitted for virology. In providing MDx testing services, ADCL employs its own or third-party molecular diagnostic tests.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Under our MDx testing services, ADCL provides COVID-19
testing for large populations marketed under our safeCircle<SUP>TM</SUP> trademark. Leveraging ADCL&rsquo;s customizable high-throughput
robotic pooled testing workflow and the Cleared4 digital health platform owned and operated by Cleared4 Inc. (the &ldquo;Cleared4 Platform&rdquo;),
our safeCircle testing service is an adaptable turnkey large population COVID-19 testing solution that provides for all aspects of COVID-19
testing, including test scheduling, sample collection and automated results reporting. Our safeCircle testing service utilizes high-sensitivity
robotically pooled real-time PCR (&ldquo;RT-PCR&rdquo;) testing to help prevent virus spread by quickly identifying COVID-19 infections
within a community, school, or workplace. Our safeCircle COVID-19 testing is performed using either the Company&rsquo;s internally developed
Linea 2.0 RT-PCR Assay, a NYSDOH conditionally approved laboratory developed test (&ldquo;LDT&rdquo;) or third-party emergency use authorization
(&ldquo;EUA&rdquo;)-authorized RT-PCR COVID-19 assays. Our safeCircle testing service also incorporates the Cleared4 Platform to enable
large-scale digital test scheduling, in-field sample collection and registration, and results reporting. By leveraging the combination
of our robotic pooled workflows and the Cleared4 Platform, our safeCircle testing services typically return testing results within 24
to 48 hours. We provide safeCircle testing services to primary/secondary/higher education institutions, private clients, and businesses
and college athletic programs primarily located in New York State.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 8; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->8<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition to our safeCircle testing services,
we are currently developing and validating pharmacogenetics (&ldquo;PGx&rdquo;) testing services. Our PGx testing services will utilize
a 120-target PGx panel test to evaluate the unique genotype of a specific patient to help guide individual drug therapy decisions. Our
PGx testing services are designed to interrogate DNA targets on over 35 genes and provide genotyping information relevant to certain cardiac,
mental health and pain management drug therapies. We believe the economics of complex MDx testing services such as PGx are more favorable
to the Company as compared to high volume, low complexity MDx tests such as COVID-19 testing. Our PGx testing services will require NYSDOH
approval prior to initiating our patient testing services. If approved, we plan to commercialize our PGx testing services by offering
PGx clinical reference laboratory testing services to other clinical laboratories and healthcare facilities nationwide.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Going forward, our business strategy for ADCL is
to leverage our deep knowledge of PCR to develop and commercialize high complexity, high value and differentiated MDx testing services
that will be offered to other clinical laboratories and healthcare facilities as clinical reference laboratory testing services. We believe
operating as a clinical reference laboratory has several advantages when compared to operating as a typical clinical non-reference laboratory,
including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>the ability to leverage our deep expertise in PCR to develop and perform high-value esoteric MDx testing services not performed by conventional clinical non-reference laboratories;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>reduced sample acquisition costs;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>reduced marketing costs; and</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>a national customer base that may lead to a larger total addressable market.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The clinical reference laboratory services market
is forecasted to have incremental growth of $26.0B between 2020 and 2025 with a 6.71% compound annual growth rate. We believe that the
rapidly increasing number of specialized MDx tests for early disease detection, disease prognosis, disease risk, companion diagnostics
and personalized medicine will drive an increase in the demand for highly specialized MDx clinical reference laboratory services.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">By leveraging our expertise in both the manufacture
and detection of DNA via PCR, our DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services allow our customers to use non-biologic DNA tags manufactured
on our linDNA platform to mark objects in a unique manner and then identify these objects by detecting the absence or presence of the
DNA tag. We believe our DNA tags are not economically feasible nor practical to replicate, and that our disruptive tracking platform offers
broad commercial relevance across many industry verticals. The Company&rsquo;s core DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services, which
are marketed collectively as a platform under the trademark CertainT&reg;, include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>SigNature&reg; Molecular Tags, which are short non-biologic DNA taggants produced by the Company&rsquo;s linDNA platform, provide a methodology to authenticate goods within large and complex supply chains for materials such as cotton, leather, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and other products.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>SigNify&reg; IF portable DNA readers and SigNify consumable reagent test kits provide definitive real-time authentication of the Company&rsquo;s DNA tags in the field, providing a front-line solution for supply chain integrity backed with forensic-level molecular tag authentication. The Company&rsquo;s software platform enables customers to track materials throughout a supply chain or product life.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>fiberTyping&reg;, which uses PCR-based DNA detection to determine a cotton cultivar, and other product genotyping services that utilize PCR-based DNA detection to detect a product&rsquo;s naturally occurring DNA sequences for the purposes of product provenance authentication and supply chain security.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services
are fully developed, highly scalable, and currently used in several commercial applications. To date, our largest commercial application
for our DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services is in the tracking and provenance authentication of cotton. Cotton home textile
products utilizing our DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services are available in national retail chains including Costco<SUP>&reg;</SUP>
and Bed Bath&nbsp;&amp; Beyond<SUP>&reg;</SUP>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe that the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention
Act (&ldquo;UFLPA&rdquo;), signed into law on December&nbsp;23, 2021, may be helpful to increase demand for our DNA Tagging and Security
Products and Services. The UFLPA establishes a rebuttable presumption that any goods mined, produced, or manufactured wholly or in part
in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (&ldquo;XUAR&rdquo;) of the People&rsquo;s Republic of China are not entitled to entry to the
United States. The presumption applies unless the importer of record has complied with specified conditions and, by clear and convincing
evidence, shown that the goods were&nbsp;not produced using forced labor. On June&nbsp;17, 2022, an implementation strategy for the UFLPA
was published that listed DNA tagging as evidence that importers may present to potentially prove that a good did not originate in XUAR
or did not benefit from forced labor. Approximately 20% of the world&rsquo;s cotton garments contain cotton that originated in the XUAR.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 9; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->9<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our business plan is to leverage growing consumer
demand for product traceability and the newly enacted UFLPA to expand our existing partnerships and seek new partnerships for our DNA
Tagging and Security Products and Services with a focus on cotton and synthetic fibers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 10; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->10<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Split-Segment; Name: 2 -->
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="sp2a_001"></A>SUMMARY
OF RISKS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties,
discussed in more detail in the section &ldquo;Risk Factors.&rdquo; These risks include, among others, the following key risks:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>There is substantial doubt relating to our ability to continue as a going concern.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>We have produced limited revenues. This makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and increases the risk that we will not be successful.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>Our new emphasis on Therapeutic DNA Production Services and MDx Testing Services may reduce our ability to maintain and expand our existing DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services businesses.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>We may encounter difficulties in managing our growth, and these difficulties could impair our profitability.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>If we are unable to expand our DNA manufacturing capacity, we could lose revenue and our business could suffer.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>Rapidly changing technology and extensive competition in synthetic biology could make the services or products we are developing obsolete or non-competitive unless we continue to develop new and improved services or products and pursue new market opportunities.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>Our operating results could be adversely affected by a reduction in business with our significant customers.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>Pharmaceutical and biologic products are highly complex, and if we or our collaborators and customers are unable to provide quality and timely offerings to our respective customers, our business could suffer.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>Pharmaceutical and biologic-related revenue will be dependent on our collaborators&rsquo; and customers&rsquo; demand for our manufacturing services.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>Our safeCircle<SUP>TM</SUP> COVID-19 testing service could become obsolete or its utility could be significantly diminished.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>We may be unable to consistently manufacture or source our products to the necessary specifications or in quantities necessary to meet demand on a timely basis and at acceptable performance and cost levels.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>We will need to develop and maintain manufacturing facilities that meet current Good Manufacturing Practices.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>If we fail to successfully identify, finance and develop our linDNA platform, our commercial opportunities in pharmaceuticals and biologics may be limited.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>The markets for our drug and biologic candidates and synthetic DNA are very competitive, and we may be unable to continue to compete effectively in these industries in the future.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>The markets for our supply chain security and product authentication solutions are very competitive, and we may be unable to continue to compete effectively in these industries in the future.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>We compete with life science, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, some of whom are our customers, who are substantially larger than we are and potentially capable of developing new approaches that could make our products and technology obsolete or develop their own internal capabilities that compete with our products.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>Our intellectual property rights are valuable, and any inability to protect them could reduce the value of our products, services and brand.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>Pharmaceutical and biologic-related revenue is generally dependent on regulatory approval, oversight and compliance.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>Our product candidates or the product candidates of our collaborators or customers may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could halt their clinical development, prevent their regulatory approval, limit their commercial potential, or result in significant negative consequences.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>If the FDA were to begin to enforce regulation of LDTs, we could incur substantial costs and delays associated with trying to obtain pre-market clearance or approval and costs associated with complying with post-market requirements.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 11; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->11<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>If we fail to comply with laboratory licensing requirements, we could lose the ability to offer our clinical testing services or experience disruptions to our business.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>If we fail to comply with healthcare laws, we could face substantial penalties and our business, operations and financial conditions could be adversely affected.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>If we are unable to continue to retain the services of Dr.&nbsp;Hayward, we may not be able to continue our operations.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>There are a large number of shares of common stock underlying our outstanding options and warrants and the sale of these shares may depress the market price of our common stock and cause immediate and substantial dilution to our existing stockholders.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>If we fail to comply with the continuing listing standards of Nasdaq, our securities could be delisted, which could limit investors&rsquo; ability to make transactions in our common stock and subject us to additional trading restrictions.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>If we are unable to obtain additional financing our business operations may be harmed or discontinued.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>We may have conflicts of interest with our affiliates and related parties, and in the past we have engaged in transactions and entered into agreements with affiliates that were not negotiated at arms&rsquo; length.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition to the above key factors, as well as
other variables affecting our operating results and financial condition, past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of
future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods. The statements above and
the statements included in &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; are important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially
from those contained in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. The risks and uncertainties described above and in
 &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; are not the only ones we face. In addition to the factors discussed elsewhere in this prospectus and our other
reports and documents filed with the SEC, risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we may currently deem immaterial also
may impair our business, financial condition, operating results and/or stock price. If any of the risks and uncertainties described above
or in &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; actually occurs, our business, financial condition, operating results and/or stock price could be harmed.
In the foregoing factors and in &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo;, &ldquo;volatility in our share price&rdquo;, &ldquo;adverse impact on the
price (or value) of our shares&rdquo;, &ldquo;decline in the price of our common stock&rdquo; and similar terms also refer to our warrants
and shares to be received upon exercise of our warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="sp2a_002"></A>CORPORATE
INFORMATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We are a Delaware corporation, which was initially
formed in 1983 under the laws of the State of Florida as Datalink Systems,&nbsp;Inc. In 1998, we reincorporated in the State of Nevada,
and in 2002, we changed our name to our current name, Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. In December&nbsp;2008, we reincorporated from Nevada
to the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our corporate headquarters are located at the Long
Island High Technology Incubator at Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, New York, where we established laboratories for the manufacture
detection of DNA to support our various business units. In addition, this location also houses our NYSDOH CLEP-permitted, CLIA-certified
clinical laboratory where we perform MDx testing. The mailing address of our corporate headquarters is 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony
Brook, New York 11790, and our telephone number is (631) 240-8800.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We maintain a website at www.adnas.com where general
information about us is available. The information on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into
and should not be considered a part of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 12; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->12<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="sp2a_003"></A>THE
OFFERING</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 45%">Common stock to be offered:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 55%"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">1,496,400</FONT><SUP>(1)</SUP></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">Terms of the Offering:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">The Selling Stockholder will determine when and how to sell the Shares offered in this prospectus, as described in &ldquo;Plan of Distribution.&rdquo;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">Use of proceeds:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Shares in this offering. However, we will receive proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants by the Selling Stockholder to the extent they are exercised for cash. In the event we receive proceeds from the cash exercise of the Warrants, we intend to use the aggregate net proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants for general corporate purposes, including working capital. See the sections titled &ldquo;Use of Proceeds&rdquo; and &ldquo;Selling Stockholder&rdquo; for additional information.</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">Risk factors:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">You should read the section titled &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; for a discussion of factors to consider carefully, together with all the other information included in this prospectus, before deciding to invest in our common stock.</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">The Nasdaq Capital Market symbol:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&ldquo;APDN&rdquo;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: -204.6pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in">(1)&nbsp;Represents shares of common
stock issuable upon exercise of Warrants held by the Selling Stockholder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0">The selling stockholder named in this
prospectus may offer and sell up to <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">1,496,400</FONT> shares of our common stock. Our common stock
is currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &ldquo;APDN.&rdquo; Shares of our common stock that may be offered under
this prospectus will be fully paid and non-assessable. We will not receive any of the proceeds of sales by the selling stockholder of
any of the common stock covered by this prospectus. We will, however, receive the net proceeds from any warrants that are exercised for
cash. Throughout this prospectus, when we refer to the shares of our common stock being registered on behalf of the selling stockholder
for offer and resale, we are referring to the shares of common stock that have been issued to the selling stockholder and the shares of
common stock issuable upon exercise of Warrants issued in the Private Placement described in the section titled &ldquo;Private Placement&rdquo;.
When we refer to the Selling Stockholder in this prospectus, we are referring to the Selling Stockholder identified in this prospectus
and, as applicable, its permitted transferees or other successors-in-interest that may be identified in a supplement to this prospectus
or, if required, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->13<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="sp2a_004"></A>RISK
FACTORS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Investment in our securities involves a high degree
of risk. In addition to the risks and investment considerations discussed elsewhere in this prospectus or any document incorporated by
reference herein, the following factors should be carefully considered by anyone purchasing the securities offered by this prospectus.
The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us
or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations. We also update risk factors from time to time in our periodic
reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K which will be incorporated by reference in this prospectus. If any of the following risks actually
occur, our business could be harmed. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline and investors could lose all or
a part of their investment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">See also the statements contained under the heading
 &ldquo;Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements&rdquo; and &ldquo;Summary of Risks.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Risks Relating to this Offering:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>If you purchase the common stock, you may experience immediate
dilution as a result of this offering.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Since the price per share of our common stock being
offered may be substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock, you may suffer immediate and substantial
dilution in the net tangible book value of the common stock you purchase in this offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity
offerings.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In order to raise additional capital, we may in
the future offer additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock that
could result in further dilution to investors purchasing our common stock in this offering or result in downward pressure on the price
of our common stock. We may sell shares of our common stock or other securities in any other offering at prices that are higher or lower
than the prices paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights
superior to existing stockholders. Moreover, to the extent that we issue options or warrants to purchase, or securities convertible into
or exchangeable for, shares of our common stock in the future and those options, warrants or other securities are exercised, converted
or exchanged, stockholders may experience further dilution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>The trading price of our common stock has been, and is likely
to continue to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our
control.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our stock price is volatile. During the period
from July&nbsp;16, 2021 to July&nbsp;15, 2022, the closing price of our common stock ranged from a high of $6.81 per share to a low of
$0.71 per share. The stock market in general and the market for smaller pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies in particular have
experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. As a result of this
volatility, you may not be able to sell your common stock at or above the public offering price and you may lose some or all of your investment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Risks Relating to Our Business:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>There is substantial doubt relating to our ability to continue
as a going concern.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have recurring net losses, which have resulted
in an accumulated deficit of $290,712,648 as of March&nbsp;31, 2022 and $284,122,092 as of September&nbsp;30, 2021. We have incurred a
net loss of $14,278,439 for the fiscal year ended September&nbsp;30, 2021 and $6,480,708 for the six-month period ended March&nbsp;31,
2022. At March&nbsp;31, 2022 and September&nbsp;30, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $6,512,784 and $6,554,948, respectively.
We have concluded that these factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the issuance
of the financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, the report from our independent registered
public accounting firm for the year ended September&nbsp;30, 2021 includes an explanatory paragraph stating that our significant losses
and need to raise additional funds to meet our obligations and sustain operations raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue
as a going concern. We will continue to seek to raise additional working capital through public equity, private equity or debt financings.
If we fail to raise additional working capital, or do so on commercially unfavorable terms, it would materially and adversely affect our
business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations, and we may be unable to continue as a going concern. Future reports
from our independent registered public accounting firm may also contain statements expressing substantial doubt about our ability to continue
as a going concern. If we seek additional financing to fund our business activities in the future and there remains substantial doubt
about our ability to continue as a going concern, investors or other financing sources may be unwilling to provide additional funding
to us on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->14<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>We have produced only limited revenues.
This makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and increases the risk that we will not be successful.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our operations since inception
have produced limited revenues and may not produce significant revenues in the near term, or at all, which may harm our ability to obtain
additional financing and may require us to reduce or discontinue our operations. You must consider our business and prospects in light
of the risks and difficulties we will encounter as a company operating in a rapidly evolving industry. We may not be able to successfully
address these risks and difficulties, which could significantly harm our business, operating results, and financial condition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our opportunities in pharmaceuticals
and biologics will require substantial additional funding. We may not be successful in our efforts to create a pipeline of product candidates,
to develop commercially successful products, or to develop commercially successful biologic production. If we fail to successfully identify,
finance and develop product candidates and/or fail to develop commercially successful biologic production, our commercial opportunities
in pharmaceuticals and biologics may be limited.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We have no pharmaceutical
or biologic products approved for commercial sale and have not generated any revenue from pharmaceutical or biologic product sales. Identifying,
developing, obtaining regulatory approval and commercializing pharmaceutical and biologic product candidates and biologic production will
require substantial additional funding beyond our current available resources and is prone to the risks of failure inherent in drug or
biologic development. Developing product candidates and biologic production is expensive, and we expect to spend substantial amounts as
we fund our early-stage research projects, engage in preclinical development of early-stage programs and, in particular, advance program
candidates through preclinical development and clinical trials.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Investment in pharmaceutical
and biologic product development involves significant risk that any product candidate will fail to demonstrate adequate efficacy or an
acceptable safety profile, gain regulatory approval, and become commercially viable. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able
to successfully advance any product candidates through the development process or, if approved, successfully commercialize any product
candidates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Even if we receive regulatory
approval to market any of our product candidates, we cannot assure you that any such product candidate will be successfully commercialized,
widely accepted in the marketplace or be more effective than other commercially available alternatives.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Even if we are able to generate revenue from the
sale of any approved pharmaceutical and biologic products, we may not become profitable and may need to obtain additional funding to continue
operations. Our failure to become and remain profitable would decrease the value of our Company and could impair our ability to raise
capital, expand our business, maintain our research and development efforts, diversify our pipeline of product candidates or continue
our operations, and cause a decline in the value of our common stock, all or any of which may adversely affect our viability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our operating results could be adversely
affected by a reduction in business with our significant customers.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our revenue earned from the sale of product and
services for the six-month period ended March&nbsp;31, 2022 included an aggregate of 51% of our total revenue from one customer. At March&nbsp;31,
2022, two customers accounted for an aggregate of 74% of our total accounts receivable. Our revenue earned from the sale of products and
services for the fiscal&nbsp;year ended September&nbsp;30, 2021 included an aggregate of 31% of our total revenues from two customers.
At September&nbsp;30, 2021, two customers accounted for an aggregate of 67% of our total accounts receivable. Our revenue earned from
the sale of products and services for the fiscal&nbsp;year ended September&nbsp;30, 2020 included an aggregate of 46% of our total revenues
from four customers. At September&nbsp;30, 2020, four customers accounted for an aggregate of 74% of our total accounts receivable. Generally,
our customers do not have an obligation to make purchases from us and may stop ordering our products and services or may terminate existing
orders or contracts at any time with little or no financial penalty. The loss of any of our significant customers, any substantial decline
in sales to these customers, or any significant change in the timing or volume of purchases by our customers could result in lower revenues
and could harm our business, financial condition or results of operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Fluctuations in quarterly results may
cause a decline in the price of our common stock.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our revenues and profitability
are difficult to predict due to the nature of the markets in which we compete, as well as our recent entry into new markets and products,
fluctuating user demand, the uncertainty of current and future global economic conditions, and for many other reasons, including that
our operating results are highly dependent on the volume and timing of orders received during a quarter, which are difficult to forecast.
Customers generally order on an as-needed basis and we typically do not obtain firm, long-term purchase commitments from our customers.
The quarterly fluctuations in operating results described above may cause a decline in the price of our common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>The ongoing military conflict between
Russia and Ukraine has caused geopolitical instability, economic uncertainty, financial markets volatility and capital markets disruption.
Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected by any negative impact on the capital
markets resulting from the conflict in Ukraine or any other geopolitical tensions.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In late February&nbsp;2022,
Russia invaded Ukraine, significantly amplifying already existing geopolitical tensions among Russia and other countries in the region
and in the west, including the United States. Russia&rsquo;s invasion, the responses of countries and political bodies to Russia&rsquo;s
actions, the larger overarching tensions, and Ukraine&rsquo;s military response and the potential for wider conflict have resulted in
inflation, financial market volatility and capital markets disruption, potentially increasing in magnitude, and could have severe adverse
effects on regional and global economic markets and international relations. The extent and duration of the military action, sanctions
and resulting market disruptions are impossible to predict, but could be substantial.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->15<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B><I>Third
parties may use our products in ways that could damage our reputation.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">After
our customers have received our products, we do not have any control over their use and our customers may use them in ways that are harmful
to our reputation as a supplier of synthetic DNA products. In addition, while we plan to establish a biosecurity program designed to ensure
that third parties do not obtain our products for malevolent purposes, we cannot guarantee that these preventative measures, once instituted,
will eliminate or reduce the risk of the domestic and global opportunities for the misuse of our products. Accordingly, in the event of
such misuse, our reputation, future revenue and operating results may suffer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our business could be adversely impacted
by inflation.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Increases
in inflation may have an adverse effect on our business. Current and future inflationary effects may be driven by, among other things,
supply chain disruptions and governmental stimulus or fiscal policies as well as the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine.
Continuing increases in inflation could impact the overall demand for our products, our costs for labor, material and services, and the
margins we are able to realize on our products, all of which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial position, results
of operations and cash flows.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>We may encounter difficulties in managing
our growth, and these difficulties could impair our profitability.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Currently, we are working
simultaneously on multiple projects, expanding our DNA manufacturing capacity as well as targeting several market sectors, including activities
in the diagnostics, therapeutics, and the product security sectors. These diversified operations and activities place significant demands
on our limited resources and require us to substantially expand the capabilities of our technical, administrative, and operational resources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If we are unable to manage this growth effectively,
our shipments to our customers could be impacted, our time and resources could be diverted from other products and offerings and our business
and operating results could suffer. Our ability to manage our operations and costs, including research and development, costs of components,
manufacturing, sales and marketing, requires us to continue to enhance our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems
and procedures and to attract and retain sufficient numbers of talented employees. Failure to attract and retain sufficient numbers of
talented employees will further strain our human resources and could impede our growth.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our new emphasis on Therapeutic DNA
Production Services and MDx Testing Services may reduce our ability to maintain and expand our existing DNA Tagging and Security Products
and Services businesses.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our new emphasis on Therapeutic DNA Production
Services and MDx Testing Services may divert funding and our limited managerial and other resources from our existing DNA Tagging and
Security Products and Services businesses. This may have the effect of reducing opportunities to grow or maintain revenues in our existing
businesses while at the same time we may fail to achieve the revenues and growth we seek in our Therapeutic DNA Production Services and
MDx Testing Services business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>Risks Relating to Manufacturing, Development,
and Industries:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>If we are unable to expand our DNA manufacturing capacity, we
could lose revenue and our business could suffer.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In order to expand our manufacturing capacity for
our DNA production, including our linDNA platform, we need to either build additional internal manufacturing capacity, contract with one
or more partners, or both. Our technology and the production process for our DNA production are complex, involving specialized parts,
and we may encounter unexpected difficulties in the manufacture, improvement or increasing the capacity of our DNA production, and addressing
these difficulties may cause us to divert our time and resources from our other product offerings. There is no assurance that we will
be able to continue to increase manufacturing capacity internally or that we will find one or more suitable partners to help us towards
this objective, in order to meet the volume and quality requirements necessary for success in our existing and potential markets. Manufacturing
and product quality issues may arise as we continue to increase the scale of our production. If our DNA manufacturing equipment and tools
do not consistently produce DNA products that meet our customers&rsquo; performance expectations, our reputation may be harmed, and we
may be unable to generate sufficient revenue to become profitable. Any delay or inability in expanding our manufacturing capacity could
diminish our ability to develop or sell our DNA products, which could result in lost revenue and materially harm our business, financial
condition and results of operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Rapidly changing technology and extensive competition in synthetic
DNA could make the services or products we are developing obsolete or non-competitive unless we continue to develop and manufacture new
and improved services or products and pursue new market opportunities.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The synthetic DNA industry is characterized by
rapid and significant technological changes, frequent new product introductions and enhancements and evolving industry demands and standards.
Our future success will depend on our ability to continually improve the services we are developing and producing, to develop and introduce
new services that address the evolving needs of our customers on a timely and cost-effective basis and to pursue new market opportunities
that develop as a result of technological and scientific advances. These new market opportunities may be outside the scope of our proven
expertise or in areas which have unproven market demand, and the utility and value of new products and services developed by us may not
be accepted in the markets served by the new services. Our inability to gain market acceptance of existing products and services in new
markets or market acceptance of new products and services could harm our future operating results. Our future success also depends on
our ability to manufacture these new and improved products and services to meet customer demand in a timely and cost-effective manner,
including our ability to resolve manufacturing issues that may arise as we commence production of any new products and services we develop.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->16<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition, there is
extensive competition in the synthetic DNA industry, and our future success will depend on our ability to maintain a competitive position
with respect to technological advances. Technological development by others may result in our technologies, as well as products developed
using our technologies, becoming obsolete. Our ability to compete successfully will depend on our ability to develop proprietary technologies
and services that are technologically superior to and/or are less expensive than our competitors&rsquo; technologies and products. Our
competitors may be able to develop competing and/or superior technologies and processes and compete more aggressively and sustain that
competition over a longer period of time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Pharmaceutical and biologic products
and services are highly complex, and if we or our collaborators and customers are unable to provide quality and timely offerings to our
respective customers, our business could suffer.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The process of manufacturing
pharmaceutical and biologics and their components is complex, highly-regulated and subject to multiple risks.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Manufacturing biologics is highly susceptible to
product loss due to contamination, equipment failure, improper installation or operation of equipment, vendor or operator error, inconsistency
in yields, variability in product characteristics and difficulties in scaling the production process. Even minor deviations from normal
manufacturing processes could result in reduced production yields, product defects and other supply disruptions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our ability to generate
revenue in the pharmaceutical and biologic market depends on our ability to manufacture products that meet exacting quality and safety
standards. If we are unable to manufacture these products to the required levels, it could have an adverse effect on our business, financial
condition, and results of operations and may subject us to regulatory actions, including product recalls, product seizures, injunctions
to halt manufacture or distribution, restrictions on our operations, or civil sanctions, including monetary sanctions and criminal actions.
In addition, we could be subject to costly litigation, including claims from our collaborators and customers for reimbursement for the
cost of our products or other related losses, the cost of which could be significant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>We will need to develop and maintain manufacturing facilities
that meet current Good Manufacturing Practices.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Since a primary focus of our business will be contract
manufacturing of synthetic DNA, it will be critical for us to be able to produce sufficient quantities of materials required for the manufacture
of our product candidates or the product candidates of our collaborators or customers for preclinical testing and clinical trials, in
compliance with applicable regulatory and quality standards. If we are unable to provide such manufacturing supplies or fail to do so
on commercially-reasonable terms, we may not be able to successfully produce sufficient supply of product candidate(s)&nbsp;or we may
be delayed in doing so. Such failure or substantial delay could materially harm our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our customers will rely on us for synthetic DNA
and other biological materials that are used in their discovery and development programs. These materials can be difficult to produce
and occasionally have variability from the product specifications. Any disruption in the supply of these biological materials consistent
with our product specifications could materially adversely affect our business. Although we have control processes and screening procedures,
biological materials are susceptible to damage and contamination and may contain active pathogens. We may also have lower yields in manufacturing
batches, which can increase our costs and slow our development timelines. Improper storage of these materials, by us or any third-party
storage facilities, may require us to destroy some of our biological raw materials or product candidates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We also face risks that we may fail to synthesize
and manufacture our customers&rsquo; product candidates in accordance with their product specifications, and the possibility of termination
or nonrenewal of the agreement by our customers at a time that is costly or damaging to us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, the FDA and other regulatory authorities
require that our products be manufactured according to cGMP and similar foreign standards relating to methods, facilities, and controls
used in the manufacturing, processing, and packing of the product, which are intended to ensure that biological products are safe and
that they consistently meet applicable requirements and specifications.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pharmaceutical manufacturers are required to register
their facilities and list their products manufactured after beginning drug manufacturing and then annually thereafter with the FDA and
certain state and foreign agencies. If the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority does not approve our customers&rsquo; product
candidates at any of our proposed contract manufacturer&rsquo;s facilities, or if we fail to maintain a compliance status acceptable to
the FDA or a comparable foreign authority, our customers may need to find alternative manufacturing facilities, which would significantly
impact our ability to supply our customers&rsquo; product candidates, if approved. Any discovery of problems with a product, or a manufacturing
or laboratory facility used by us or our strategic partners, may result in restrictions on the product or on the manufacturing or laboratory
facility, including marketed product recall, suspension of manufacturing, product seizure, or a voluntary withdrawal of the drug from
the market. We may have little to no control regarding the occurrence of such incidents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If we were unable to provide a solution in time,
our customers&rsquo; clinical trials could be delayed, thereby limiting our commercial activities associated with those products. The
sale of our customers&rsquo; products could contain other defects could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results
of operations. Any failure by us or another third-party manufacturers to comply with cGMP or failure to scale up manufacturing processes,
including any failure to deliver sufficient quantities of product candidates in a timely manner, could lead to a delay in, or failure
to obtain, regulatory approval of any of our customers&rsquo; candidates and, therefore, affect our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->17<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pharmaceutical manufacturers are also subject to
extensive pre- and post-marketing oversight by the FDA and comparable regulatory authorities in the jurisdictions where the product is
being studied or marketed, which include periodic unannounced and announced inspections by the FDA to assess compliance with cGMP requirements.
If an FDA inspection of our facilities reveals conditions that the FDA determines not to comply with applicable regulatory requirements,
the FDA may issue observations through a Notice of Inspectional Observations or a &ldquo;Form&nbsp;FDA 483&rdquo;. If observations in
the Form&nbsp;FDA 483 are not addressed in a timely manner and to the FDA&rsquo;s satisfaction, the FDA may issue a Warning Letter or
pursue other forms of enforcement action. Any failure by us or another contract manufacturers to comply with cGMP or to provide adequate
and timely corrective actions in response to deficiencies identified in a regulatory inspection could result in enforcement action that
could impact our ability to attract and maintain other contract manufacturing arrangements or lead to a shortage of our customers&rsquo;
products and harm our business, including withdrawal of approvals previously granted, seizure, injunction or other civil or criminal penalties.
The failure of us or another manufacturer to address any concerns raised by the FDA or foreign regulators could also lead to plant shutdown
or the delay or withholding of product approval by the FDA in additional indications, or by foreign regulators in any indication. Certain
countries may impose additional requirements on the manufacturing of drug products or drug substances, on us as contract manufacturers,
as part of the regulatory approval process for products in such countries. The failure by us or other third-party manufacturers to satisfy
such requirements could impact our ability to obtain or maintain contract manufacturing arrangements with our customers in one or more
countries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our business also depends
on the ability of our collaborators and customers to manufacture the pharmaceutical or biologic products that incorporate our products.
If the FDA determines that our collaborators and customers are not in compliance with FDA laws and regulations, including those governing
cGMP regulations, the FDA may deny New Drug Application (&ldquo;NDA&rdquo;) or Biologics License Application (&ldquo;BLA&rdquo;) approval
until the deficiencies are corrected. Even if our collaborators or customers obtain regulatory approval for any of their product candidates,
there is no assurance that they will be able to manufacture the approved product to specifications acceptable to the FDA or other regulatory
authorities, to produce it in sufficient quantities to meet the requirements for the potential launch of the product or to meet potential
future demand. If our collaborators or customers are unable to produce sufficient quantities for clinical trials or for commercialization,
commercialization efforts would be impaired, which would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations
and growth prospects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Pharmaceutical and biologic-related
revenue will be dependent on our collaborators&rsquo; and customers&rsquo; demand for our manufacturing services.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The amount of customer
spending on pharmaceutical and biologic development and manufacturing will have an impact on our sales and profitability in the pharmaceutical
and biologic market. Our collaborators and customers determine the amounts that they will spend based upon, among other things, available
resources, access to capital, and their need to develop new products, which, in turn, are dependent upon a number of factors, including
their competitors&rsquo; research, development and product initiatives and the anticipated market uptake, and clinical and reimbursement
scenarios for specific products and therapeutic areas. Consolidation in the pharmaceutical and biologic industry may impact such spending
as customers integrate acquired operations, including R&amp;D departments and manufacturing operations. Any reduction in spending on pharmaceutical
and biotechnology development and related services as a result of these and other factors could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations and financial condition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our safeCircle<SUP>TM&nbsp;</SUP>COVID-19
testing service could become obsolete or its utility could be significantly diminished.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Surveillance testing is
not regulated by the FDA and Centers for Medicare&nbsp;&amp; Medicaid Services (&ldquo;CMS&rdquo;) has stated that CLIA certification
is not required to conduct surveillance testing. ADCL is offering its safeCircle<SUP>TM</SUP> surveillance testing in compliance with
current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (&ldquo;CDC&rdquo;), FDA, CMS and NYSDOH recommendations. The regulatory framework
or recommendations regarding COVID-19 Surveillance Testing could change at any time. In addition, our pooled COVID-19 screening testing
is conducted via a NYSDOH conditionally approved LDT. In the event that NYSDOH revokes the conditional approval or declines to fully approve
the LDT, ADCL will be required to utilize a third-party EUA-authorized COVID-19 assay and potentially stop utilizing pooled testing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Further, our COVID-19 testing may become obsolete
for a variety of reasons, including an end to the current pandemic, mutations in the genome of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, or the development
and widespread distribution of a vaccine, including the vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Johnson&nbsp;&amp; Johnson
for which the FDA has granted emergency use authorization or approval. In addition, the utility of these services will also diminish if
positivity rates reach levels high enough to render surveillance testing ineffective or inefficient.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>We have limited experience producing
and supplying our products. We may be unable to consistently manufacture or source our products to the necessary specifications or in
quantities necessary to meet demand on a timely basis and at acceptable performance and cost levels.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">As we continue to scale
commercially and develop new products, and as our products incorporate increasingly sophisticated technology, it will become more difficult
to ensure our products are produced in the necessary quantities while maintaining quality. There is no assurance that we or our third-party
manufacturers will be able to continue to manufacture our products so that our technology consistently achieves the product specifications
and produces results with acceptable quality. Any future design issues, unforeseen manufacturing problems, such as contamination of our
or our manufacturers&rsquo; facilities, equipment malfunctions, aging components, quality issues with components and materials sourced
from third-party suppliers, or failures to strictly follow procedures or meet specifications, may have a material adverse effect on our
brand, business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition and could result in us or our third-party manufacturers losing
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) or quality management certifications. If our third-party manufacturers fail to maintain
ISO quality management certifications, our customers might choose not to purchase products from us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 18; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->18<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition, as we scale
our commercial operations, we will also need to make corresponding improvements to other operational functions, such as our customer support,
service and billing systems, compliance programs and internal quality assurance programs. We cannot assure you that any increases in scale,
related improvements and quality assurance will be successfully implemented or that appropriate personnel will be available. As we develop
additional products, we may need to bring new equipment online, implement new systems, technology, controls and procedures and hire personnel
with different qualifications.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">An inability to manufacture
products and components that consistently meet specifications, in necessary quantities, at commercially acceptable costs and without significant
delays, may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>We must continue to secure and maintain
sufficient and stable supplies of components and raw materials.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Certain disruptions in
supply of, and changes in the competitive environment for, components and raw materials integral to the manufacturing of our products
may adversely affect our profitability. We use a broad range of materials and supplies in our products. A significant disruption in the
supply of these materials could decrease production and shipping levels, materially increase our operating costs and materially and adversely
affect our revenues and profit margins. Shortages of materials or interruptions in transportation systems, labor strikes, work stoppages,
war, acts of terrorism or other interruptions to or difficulties in the employment of labor or transportation in the markets in which
we purchase materials, components and supplies for the production of our products, in each case, may adversely affect our ability to maintain
production of our products and achieve profitability. Unforeseen discontinuation or unavailability of certain components, such as enzymes
or nucleotides, each of which we currently primarily source from single supplier, could cause backorders as we modify our product specifications
to accommodate replacement components. If we were to experience a significant or prolonged shortage of critical components from any of
our suppliers and could not procure the components from other sources, we would be unable to manufacture our products and ship them to
our customers in a timely fashion, or at all, which would adversely affect our sales, margins and customer relations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><B><I>The markets for
our drug and biologic candidates and synthetic DNA are very competitive, and we may be unable to continue to compete effectively in these
industries in the future.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
principal markets for our drug and biologic candidates and synthetic DNA are intensely competitive. We compete with many existing suppliers
and new competitors continue to enter the market. Many of our competitors, both in the United States and elsewhere, are major pharmaceutical,
chemical and biotechnology companies, or have strategic alliances with such companies, and many of them have substantially greater capital
resources, marketing experience, research and development staff, and facilities than we do. Any of these companies could succeed in developing
products that are more effective than the product candidates that we have or may develop and may be more successful than us in producing
and marketing their existing products. Some of our competitors that operate in the nucleic-acid based therapeutic, biologics and DNA manufacturing
markets include: Precigen,&nbsp;Inc., Aldevron, LLC, Cobra Biologics, Limited,&nbsp;Integrated DNA Technologies,&nbsp;Inc., 4basebio PLC,
Ziopharm Oncology,&nbsp;Inc., MaxCyte,&nbsp;Inc., Touchlight Genetics Ltd., Generation Bio,&nbsp;Co., Novartis AG, Kite Pharma,&nbsp;Inc.,
Juno Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc., Promega Corporation, OriGene Technologies,&nbsp;Inc., Blue Heron Biotech, LLC, Gene Art, GenScript Biotech
Corporation, and others.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We expect this competition to continue and intensify
in the future. Our competitors also compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel, as well
as in acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for, our programs. Our commercial opportunities could be reduced or eliminated
if our competitors develop and commercialize drug and biologic candidates or other forms of therapeutic DNA that are safer, more effective,
have fewer or less severe side effects, are more convenient, or are less expensive than any drug and biologic candidates and linearDNA
that we may develop. Our competitors also may obtain FDA or other regulatory approval for their products more rapidly than we may obtain
approval for ours, which could result in our competitors establishing a strong market position before we are able to enter the market.
Additionally, drug and biologic candidates and other forms of therapeutic DNA developed by our competitors may render our potential drug
and biologic candidates and linear DNA uneconomical or obsolete, and we may not be successful in marketing any drug and biologic candidates
and linearDNA we may develop against competitors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">If any of these risks
occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be significantly harmed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>The markets for our supply chain security
and product authentication solutions are very competitive, and we may be unable to continue to compete effectively in these industries
in the future.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The principal markets
for our supply chain security and product authentication offerings are intensely competitive. We compete with many existing suppliers
and new competitors continue to enter the market. Many of our competitors, both in the United States and elsewhere, are major pharmaceutical,
chemical and biotechnology companies, or have strategic alliances with such companies, and many of them have substantially greater capital
resources, marketing experience, research and development staff, and facilities than we do. Any of these companies could succeed in developing
products that are more effective than the products that we have or may develop and may be more successful than us in producing and marketing
their existing products. Some of our competitors that operate in the supply chain security and product authentication markets include:
AlpVision Sa, Authentix,&nbsp;Inc., Brandwatch Technologies,&nbsp;Inc., Chromologic LLC, Collectors Universe,&nbsp;Inc., DataDot Technology
Limited, De La Rue Plc., Digimarc Corporation, DNA Technologies,&nbsp;Inc., Haelixa&nbsp;Ltd.,&nbsp;ICA Bremen GmbH,&nbsp;IEH Corporation,&nbsp;Informium
AG, opSec Security Group&nbsp;plc., MicroTag Temed&nbsp;Ltd., Nanotech Security Corp., Nokomis,&nbsp;Inc., Oritain Global Limited, SafeTraces,&nbsp;Inc.,
Selectamark Security Systems plc, SmartWater Technology,&nbsp;Inc., Sun Chemical Corporation, TraceTag International&nbsp;Ltd., TruTag
Technologies,&nbsp;Inc., Tailorlux gmbH and YottaMark,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We expect this competition
to continue and intensify in the future<B>.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 19; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->19<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B><I>We
compete with life science, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, some of whom are our customers, who are substantially larger than
we are and potentially capable of developing new approaches that could make our products and technology obsolete or develop their own
internal capabilities that compete with our products.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">The
market for biologics components products and services in the biopharmaceutical development, life science research, and diagnostics space
is intensely competitive, rapidly evolving, significantly affected by new product introductions and other market activities by industry
participants and subject to rapid technological change. We also expect increased competition as additional companies enter our market
and as more advanced technologies become available. We compete with other providers of outsourced biologics components products and services.
We also compete with the in-house discovery, development and commercial manufacturing functions of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.
Many of our competitors, which in some cases are also our customers, are large, well-capitalized companies with significantly greater
resources and market share than we have. They may undertake their own development of products that are substantially similar to or compete
with our products and they may succeed in developing products that are more effective or less costly than any that we may develop. These
competitors may be able to spend more aggressively on product and service development, marketing, sales and other initiatives than we
can. Many of these competitors also have:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>broader name recognition;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>longer operating histories and the benefits derived from greater economies of scale;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>larger and more established distribution networks;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>additional product and service lines and the ability to bundle products and services to offer higher discounts or other incentives to gain a competitive advantage;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>more experience in conducting research and development, manufacturing and marketing;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>more experience in entering into collaborations or other strategic partnership arrangements; and</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>more financial, manufacturing and human resources to support product development, sales and marketing and patent and other intellectual property litigation.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">These factors,
among others, may enable our competitors to market their products and services at lower prices or on terms more advantageous to customers
than we can offer. Competition may result in price reductions, reduced</FONT> gross margins and loss of market share, any of which could
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects. Additionally, our
current and future competitors, including certain of our customers, may at any time develop additional products and services that compete
with our products and new approaches by these competitors may make our products, technologies and methodologies obsolete or noncompetitive.
We may not be able to compete effectively against these organizations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition, to develop
and market our new products, services, technologies and methodologies successfully, we must accurately assess and meet customers&rsquo;
needs, make significant capital expenditures, optimize our development and manufacturing processes to predict and control costs, hire,
train and retain the necessary personnel, increase customer awareness and acceptance of such services, provide high quality services in
a timely manner, price our products and services competitively and effectively integrate customer feedback into our business planning.
If we fail to create demand for our new products, services or technologies, our future business could be harmed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>The animal health industry is highly
competitive.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The animal health industry
is highly competitive. Our competitors include standalone animal health businesses, the animal health businesses of large pharmaceutical
companies, specialty animal health businesses and companies that mainly produce generic products. We believe many of our competitors are
conducting R&amp;D activities in areas in which we are developing products. Several new start-up companies also compete in the animal
health industry. We also face competition from manufacturers of drugs globally, as well as producers of nutritional health products. These
competitors may have access to greater financial, marketing, technical and other resources. As a result, they may be able to devote more
resources to developing, manufacturing, marketing and selling their products, initiating or withstanding substantial price competition
or more readily taking advantage of acquisitions or other opportunities. Further, consolidation in the animal health industry could result
in existing competitors realizing additional efficiencies or improving portfolio bundling opportunities, thereby potentially increasing
their market share and pricing power, which could lead to a decrease in our revenue and profitability and an increase in competition.
For example, many of our competitors have relationships with key distributors and, because of their size, the ability to offer attractive
pricing incentives, which may negatively impact or hinder our relationships with these distributors. In addition to competition from established
market participants, new entrants to the animal health medicines and vaccines industry could substantially reduce our market share, render
our products obsolete or disrupt our business model.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 20; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->20<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">To the extent that any
of our competitors are more successful with respect to any key competitive factor, or we are forced to reduce, or are unable to raise,
the price of any of our products in order to remain competitive, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be
materially adversely affected. Competitive pressure could arise from, among other things, more favorable safety and efficacy product profiles,
limited demand growth or a significant number of additional competitive products being introduced into a particular market, price reductions
by competitors, the ability of competitors to capitalize on their economies of scale, the ability of competitors to produce or otherwise
procure animal health products at lower costs than us and the ability of competitors to access more or newer technology than us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our research and development efforts
for new products may be unsuccessful.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We incur research and
development expenses to develop new products and technologies in an effort to maintain our competitive position in a market characterized
by rapid rates of technological advancement. Our research and development efforts are subject to unanticipated delays, expenses and technical
problems. There can be no assurance that any of these products or technologies will be successfully developed or that, if developed, will
be commercially successful. In the event that we are unable to develop commercialized products from our research and development efforts
or we are unable or unwilling to allocate amounts beyond our currently anticipated research and development investment, we could lose
our entire investment in these new products and technologies. Any failure to translate research and development expenditures into successful
new product introduction could have an adverse effect on our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, research, development, and commercialization
of pharmaceutical and biologic products is inherently risky. We cannot give any assurance that any of our pharmaceutical and biologic
product candidates will receive regulatory approval, which is necessary before they can be commercialized.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our intellectual property rights are
valuable, and any inability to protect them could reduce the value of our products, services and brand.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our patents, trademarks,
trade secrets, copyrights and all of our other intellectual property rights are important assets for us. There are events that are outside
of our control that pose a threat to our intellectual property rights as well as to our products and services. For example, effective
intellectual property protection may not be available in every country in which our products and services are distributed. The efforts
we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may not be sufficient or effective. Any significant impairment of our intellectual property
rights could harm our business or our ability to compete. Protecting our intellectual property rights is costly and time consuming. Any
increase in the unauthorized use of our intellectual property could make it more expensive to do business and harm our operating results.
Although we seek to obtain patent protection for our innovations, it is possible we may not be able to protect all or some of these innovations.
Given the costs of obtaining patent protection, we may choose not to protect certain innovations that later turn out to be important.
There is always the possibility that the scope of the protection gained from one of our issued patents will be insufficient or deemed
invalid or unenforceable. We also seek to maintain certain intellectual property as trade secrets. The secrecy could be developed independently,
compromised by third parties, or disclosed, intentionally or accidentally, by our employees which would cause us to lose the competitive
advantage resulting from these trade secrets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Intellectual property litigation could
harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Litigation regarding patents
and other intellectual property rights is extensive in the drug and biotechnology industry. In the event of an intellectual property dispute,
we may be forced to litigate. This litigation could involve proceedings instituted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or the International
Trade Commission, as well as proceedings brought directly by affected third parties. Intellectual property litigation can be extremely
expensive, and these expenses, as well as the consequences should we not prevail, could seriously harm our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">If a third party claims
an intellectual property right to technology we use, we might need to discontinue an important product or product line, alter our products
and processes, pay license fees or cease our affected business activities. Although we might under these circumstances attempt to obtain
a license to this intellectual property, we may not be able to do so on favorable terms, or at all. Furthermore, a third party may claim
that we are using inventions covered by the third party&rsquo;s patent rights and may go to court to stop us from engaging in our normal
operations and activities, including making or selling our products. These lawsuits are costly and could affect our results of operations
and divert the attention of managerial and technical personnel. A court may decide that we are infringing the third party&rsquo;s patents
and would order us to stop the activities covered by the patents. In addition, a court may order us to pay the other party damages for
having violated the other party&rsquo;s patents. The drug and biotechnology industry has produced a proliferation of patents, and it is
not always clear to industry participants, including us, which patents cover various types of products or methods of use. The coverage
of patents is subject to interpretation by the courts, and the interpretation is not always uniform. If we are sued for patent infringement,
we would need to demonstrate that our products or methods of use either do not infringe the patent claims of the relevant patent and/or
that the patent claims are invalid, and we may not be able to do this. Proving invalidity, in particular, is difficult since it requires
a showing of clear and convincing evidence to overcome the presumption of validity enjoyed by issued patents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Because some patent applications
in the United States may be maintained in secrecy until the patents are issued, because patent applications in the United States and many
foreign jurisdictions are typically not published until eighteen months after filing, and because publications in the scientific literature
often lag behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that others have not filed patent applications for technology covered by our
or our licensor&rsquo;s issued patents or pending applications or that we or our licensors were the first to invent the technology. During
the ordinary course of our business, we do not conduct &ldquo;prior art&rdquo; searches before filing a patent application. Our competitors
may have filed, and may in the future file, patent applications covering technology similar to ours. Any such patent application may have
priority over our or our licensors&rsquo; patent applications and could further require us to obtain rights to issued patents covering
such technologies. If another party has filed a United States patent application on inventions similar to ours, we may have to participate
in an interference proceeding declared by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to determine priority of invention in the United States.
The costs of these proceedings could be substantial, and it is possible that such efforts would be unsuccessful, resulting in a loss of
our United States patent position with respect to such inventions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 21; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->21<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Some of our competitors
may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources.
In addition, any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could have a material adverse effect on
our ability to raise the funds necessary to continue our operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>A cybersecurity incident and other technology
disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We use technology in substantially all aspects
of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing, and the internet, give rise to
cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our business
involves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including
information relating to customers and suppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us
and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess and identify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in
our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally, while we have implemented measures to prevent
security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirely effective. The theft,
destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference
with our information technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption,
negative publicity, brand damage, violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>Risks Related to Regulatory Approval of
Our Customer and Collaborator&rsquo;s Pharmaceutical and Biotherapeutic Product Candidates and Other Legal Compliance Matters:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Pharmaceutical and biologic-related
revenue is generally dependent on regulatory approval, oversight and compliance.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The sale and use of our
products and services in the pharmaceutical and biologic markets will generally be subject to regulatory approval and oversight, potentially
including approval and/or oversight in various foreign jurisdictions. In addition, our pharmaceutical and biologic products and services
may be incorporated into products that cannot be marketed in the United States or in many other jurisdictions without approval by the
FDA or comparable agencies of other countries or regions. Obtaining such regulatory approvals is costly, time-consuming, uncertain, and
subject to unanticipated delays. When, if ever, such approvals will be obtained is unknown. Our revenue in the pharmaceutical and biologic
markets is highly dependent upon obtaining such approval.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Federal
agencies, including the FDA and Federal Trade Commission, as well as state, local, and foreign authorities, also exercise ongoing review
and control of the manufacturing, packaging, labeling, advertising, sale, distribution, and monitoring of pharmaceutical and biologic
products. If our or our customers&rsquo; pharmaceutical or biologic product candidates or pharmaceutical or biologic products incorporating
our products are ever approved, failure to comply with any of these regulations or other requirements could also have an adverse effect
on our revenue in the pharmaceutical and biologic markets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition, veterinary
vaccines in the United States are subject to review and regulatory approval by the United States Department of Agriculture (&ldquo;USDA&rdquo;).
The USDA&rsquo;s Center for Veterinary Biologics is responsible for the regulation of animal health vaccines, including certain immunotherapeutics.
All manufacturers of animal health biologicals must show their products to be pure, safe, effective and produced by a consistent method
of manufacture as defined under the Virus Serum Toxin Act. Post-approval monitoring of products is required. Reports of product quality
defects, adverse events or unexpected results are submitted in accordance with the agency requirements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Pharmaceutical and biologic-related
revenue will be highly dependent on our collaborators&rsquo; and customers&rsquo; success in obtaining regulatory approval and commercializing
their products.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Some of our products will
be incorporated into our customers&rsquo; products in the pharmaceutical and biologic market that are subject to comprehensive regulation
by the FDA and other regulatory agencies in the United States and by comparable authorities in other countries. In the United States,
to obtain approval from the FDA to market any future pharmaceutical or biologic product that incorporates our technology, our collaborators
or customers will be required to submit a New Drug Application (&ldquo;NDA&rdquo;) or Biologics License Application (&ldquo;BLA&rdquo;).
Ordinarily, the FDA requires a company to support an NDA or BLA with substantial evidence of the product candidate&rsquo;s safety and
efficacy in treating the targeted indication based on data derived from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials, including Phase
III safety and efficacy trials conducted in patients with the disease or condition being targeted. The process of obtaining such regulatory
approvals is expensive, often takes many years if approval is obtained at all, and can vary substantially based upon the type, complexity
and novelty of the product candidate involved. Changes in the regulatory approval process during the development period, changes in or
the enactment of additional statutes or regulations, or changes in the regulatory review process may cause delays in the approval or rejection
of an application. There is no guarantee that our collaborators and customers will ever be successful in obtaining regulatory approval
for any product that incorporates our products or technology. Even if regulatory approval is received, the manufacturing processes, post
approval clinical data, labeling, advertising and promotional activities for any such product will be subject to continual requirements
of and review by the FDA and other regulatory bodies. Our business may be materially harmed by our collaborators&rsquo; and customers&rsquo;
inability to obtain or maintain regulatory approvals for their products of their failure to comply with applicable regulations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 22; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->22<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, we will be dependent on, and have
no control over, consumer demand for the products into which our products are incorporated. Consumer demand for our collaborators&rsquo;
and customers&rsquo; products could be adversely affected by, among other things, delays in health regulatory approval, the loss of patent
and other intellectual property rights protection, the emergence of competing products, including generic drugs or biosimilars, the degree
to which private and government drug plans subsidize payment for a particular product and changes in the marketing strategies for such
products. The healthcare industry has changed significantly over time, and we expect the industry to continue to evolve. Some of these
changes may have a material adverse effect on our collaborators and customers and thus may have a material adverse effect on our business.
If the products into which our products are incorporated do not gain market acceptance, our revenues and profitability may be adversely
affected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>The regulatory approval processes of
the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities are lengthy, time consuming, and inherently unpredictable. If we are ultimately
unable to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, we will be unable to generate product revenue and our business will be
substantially harmed.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The time required to obtain
approval by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities is unpredictable, typically takes many years following the commencement
of clinical trials, and depends upon numerous factors, including the type, complexity and novelty of the product candidates involved.
In addition, approval policies, regulations, or the type and amount of clinical data necessary to gain approval may change during the
course of a product candidate&rsquo;s clinical development and may vary among jurisdictions, which may cause delays in the approval or
the decision not to approve an application. Regulatory authorities have substantial discretion in the approval process and may refuse
to accept any application or may decide that our data are insufficient for approval and require additional preclinical, clinical or other
studies. We have not submitted for, or obtained regulatory approval for any product candidate, and it is possible that none of our existing
product candidates or any product candidates we may seek to develop in the future will ever obtain regulatory approval. Applications for
our product candidates could fail to receive regulatory approval for a variety of reasons. This lengthy approval process, as well as the
unpredictability of the results of clinical trials, may result in our failing to obtain regulatory approval to market any of our product
candidates, which would significantly harm our business, results of operations, and prospects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our or our customers&rsquo; product
candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could halt their clinical development, prevent their regulatory
approval, limit their commercial potential, or result in significant negative consequences.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Adverse events or other
undesirable side effects caused by our or our customers&rsquo; product candidates could cause us or regulatory authorities to interrupt,
delay, or halt clinical trials and could result in a more restrictive label or the delay or denial of regulatory approval by regulatory
authorities. Side effects related to a drug or biologic could affect patient recruitment, the ability of enrolled patients to complete
the study, and/or result in potential product liability claims.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Additionally, if one or
more of our or our customers&rsquo; product candidates receives marketing approval, and we or others later identify undesirable side effects
or adverse events caused by such products, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result. Regulatory authorities
may withdraw approvals of such product or impose restrictions on distribution. They may require additional warnings or contraindications
on the product label that could diminish the usage or otherwise limit the commercial success of the product. We or our customers may be
required to change the way the product is manufactured, be forced to suspend manufacturing the product or required to create a risk evaluation
and mitigation strategy (&ldquo;REMS&rdquo;).&nbsp;In addition, our reputation may suffer. Any of these events could prevent us from achieving
or maintaining market acceptance of the particular product candidate, if approved, and could significantly harm our business, results
of operations, and prospects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Even if we or our customers obtain regulatory
approval for a product candidate, our products will remain subject to extensive regulatory scrutiny.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">If any of our or our customers&rsquo;
product candidates are approved, they will be subject to ongoing regulatory requirements for manufacturing, labeling, packaging, storage,
advertising, promotion, sampling, record-keeping, conduct of post-marketing studies, and submission of safety, efficacy, and other post-market
information, including both federal and state requirements in the United States and requirements of comparable foreign regulatory authorities.
Ongoing regulatory requirements include ensuring that quality control and manufacturing and production procedures conform to cGMP regulations,
and we will be subject to continual review and inspections to assess compliance with cGMP regulations and adherence to commitments made
in any regulatory filings. Accordingly, we and others with whom we work must continue to expend time, money, and effort in all areas of
regulatory compliance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Any regulatory approvals
that we or our customers receive for our products will be subject to limitations on the approved indicated uses for which the product
may be marketed and promoted or to the conditions of approval (including the requirement to implement a REMS), or contain requirements
for potentially costly post-marketing testing. Any new legislation addressing drug or biologic safety issues could result in delays in
product development or commercialization, or increased costs to assure manufacturing compliance. The FDA and other agencies, including
the Department of Justice, closely regulate and monitor the post-approval marketing and promotion of products to ensure that they are
manufactured, marketed and distributed only for the approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.
Promotional communications with respect to prescription drugs and biologics are subject to a variety of legal and regulatory restrictions
and must be consistent with the information in the product&rsquo;s approved label. The holder of an approved NDA must submit new or supplemental
applications and obtain approval for certain changes to the approved product, product labeling, or manufacturing process. We could also
be asked to conduct post-marketing manufacturing changes to verify the safety and efficacy of our products in general. An unsuccessful
post-marketing study or failure to complete such a study could result in the withdrawal of marketing approval and thereby affect the need
for our manufacturing services.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 23; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->23<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">If a regulatory agency
discovers previously unknown problems with a product, such as adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or problems with
the facility where the product is manufactured, or disagrees with the promotion, marketing or labeling of a product, such regulatory agency
may impose restrictions on that product or us, including, but not limited to, requiring withdrawal or recall of the product from the market,
imposing civil or criminal penalties, and imposing restrictions on ability to continue to manufacture the product(s). Any government investigation
of alleged violations of law could require us to expend significant time and resources in response, and could generate negative publicity.
Any failure to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements may significantly and adversely affect our and our customers&rsquo; ability
to commercialize and generate revenue from our products. If regulatory sanctions are applied or if regulatory approval is withdrawn, the
value of our Company and our operating results will be adversely affected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition, the FDA&rsquo;s
regulations, policies or guidance may change and new or additional statutes or government regulations in the United States and other jurisdictions
may be enacted that could further restrict or regulate our post-approval manufacturing activities. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature
or extent of adverse government regulation that may arise from pending or future legislation or administrative action. If we are not able
to achieve and maintain regulatory compliance, we may not be permitted to continue manufacturing products for our customers&rsquo; products
and/or product candidates, which would adversely affect our ability to generate revenue and achieve or maintain profitability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>If the FDA were to begin to enforce
regulation of LDTs, we could incur substantial costs and delays associated with trying to obtain pre-market clearance or approval and
costs associated with complying with post-market requirements.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">As an LDT, our MDx Testing
Services are currently subject to enforcement discretion by the FDA. In October&nbsp; 2014, the FDA issued two draft guidance documents:
 &ldquo;Framework for Regulatory Oversight of Laboratory Developed Tests,&rdquo; which provides an overview of how the FDA would regulate
LDTs through a risk-based approach, and &ldquo;FDA Notification and Medical Device Reporting for Laboratory Developed Tests&rdquo;, which
provides guidance on how the FDA intends to collect information on existing LDTs, including adverse event reports. Pursuant to the Framework
for Regulatory Oversight draft guidance, LDT manufacturers would be subject to medical device registration, listing, and adverse event
reporting requirements. Many LDT manufacturers would be required to either submit a pre-market application and receive the FDA&rsquo;s
approval before an LDT may be marketed or submit a pre-market notification in advance of marketing. The Framework for Regulatory Oversight
draft guidance states that within six months after the guidance documents are finalized, all laboratories will be required to give notice
to the FDA. On November&nbsp;18, 2016, however, the FDA announced that it would not release final versions of these guidance documents
and would instead continue to work with stakeholders, the new administration and Congress to determine the right approach. On January&nbsp;13,
2017, the FDA released a discussion paper on LDTs outlining a possible risk-based approach for FDA and CMS oversight of LDTs. According
to the 2017 discussion paper, previously marketed LDTs would not be expected to comply with most or all FDA oversight requirements (grandfathering),
except for adverse event and malfunction reporting. In addition, certain new and significantly modified LDTs would not be expected to
comply with pre-market review unless the agency determines such tests could lead to patient harm. Since LDTs currently on the market would
be grandfathered in, pre-market review of new and significantly modified LDTs could be phased-in over a four-year period, as opposed to
the nine years proposed in the Framework for Regulatory Oversight draft guidance. In addition, tests introduced after the effective date,
but before their phase-in date, could continue to be offered during pre-market review.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The discussion paper notes
that the FDA would focus on analytical and clinical validity as the basis for marketing authorization. The FDA anticipates laboratories
that already conduct proper validation should not be expected to experience new costs for validating their tests to support marketing
authorization and laboratories that conduct appropriate evaluations would not have to collect additional data to demonstrate analytical
validity for FDA clearance or approval. The evidence of the analytical and clinical validity of all LDTs would be made publicly available.
LDT manufacturers would be encouraged to submit prospective change protocols in their pre-market submission that outline specific types
of anticipated changes, the procedures that will be followed to implement them, and the criteria that will be met prior to implementation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition, legislative
proposals addressing the FDA&rsquo;s oversight of LDTs have been introduced in Congress. For example, in March&nbsp;2020, the &ldquo;Verifying
Accurate Leading-edge IVCT Development Act of 2020,&rdquo; or VALID Act, was officially introduced in Congress. The bill proposes a risk-based
approach that would subject many LDTs to FDA regulation by creating a new in vitro clinical test, or IVCT, category of regulated products.
As proposed, the bill grandfathers many existing LDTs from the proposed premarket approval, quality systems, and labeling requirements,
respectively, but would require such tests to comply with other regulatory requirements (e.g., registration and listing, adverse event
reporting). The VALID Act was re-introduced in a slightly modified form in June&nbsp;2021, and the bill continues to be the subject of
active discussions. However, we cannot predict if this (or any other bill) will be enacted in its current (or any other) form and cannot
quantify the effect of such proposals on our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>If we fail to comply with laboratory
licensing requirements, we could lose the ability to offer our clinical testing services or experience disruptions to our business.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">CLIA is a federal law
regulating clinical laboratories that perform testing on specimens derived from humans for the purpose of providing information for the
diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease. CLIA is intended to ensure the quality and reliability of clinical laboratories in the
United States by mandating specific standards in the areas of personnel qualifications, administration, and participation in proficiency
testing, patient test management, quality control, quality assurance and inspections. Clinical laboratories must be certified under CLIA
in order to perform testing on human specimens, unless they fall within an exception to CLIA certification, such as research laboratories
that test human specimens but do not report patient-specific results for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of any disease or impairment
of, or the assessment of the health of individual patients. CLIA certification is also required to be eligible to bill Federal and State
healthcare programs, as well as many private third-party payers, for diagnostic testing and services. Currently, we are supplying our
iCTC capture assay and associated testing services under the research exception to CLIA. If we expand our laboratory testing services
so that the research exception no longer applies to our iCTC capture, we will no longer be able to offer these services. Further, if we
fail to comply with the CLIA research exception with respect to our iCTC capture assay, we could be found to have violated FDA or CLIA
regulations or guidances and could have to stop offering these services and potentially be assessed substantial penalties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 24; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->24<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Healthcare legislative measures aimed
at reducing healthcare costs may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Third party payors are
developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling healthcare costs. In both the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions,
there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the health care system that could impact our ability to sell our products
profitably. In particular, in the United States in 2010, the ACA was enacted. In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed
and adopted in the United States since the ACA was enacted. The repeal of or changes in some or all of the ACA and complying with any
new legislation or reversing changes implemented under the ACA could be time-intensive and expensive, resulting in a material adverse
effect on our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">There have been, and likely
will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the foreign, federal and state levels directed at containing or lowering
the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuing efforts of the government,
insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare and/or
impose price controls may adversely affect the demand for our product candidates, if we obtain regulatory approval, including: our ability
to receive or set a price that we believe is fair for our products; our ability to generate revenue and achieve or maintain profitability;
the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and the availability of capital. We expect that the ACA, as well as other healthcare reform
measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, more rigorous
coverage criteria, lower reimbursement, and new payment methodologies. This could lower the price that we receive for any approved product.
Any denial in coverage or reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government-funded programs may result in a similar denial
or reduction in payments from private payors, which may prevent us from being able to generate sufficient revenue, attain profitability
or commercialize our product candidates, if approved.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our employees, independent contractors,
consultants, commercial partners and vendors may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including non-compliance with regulatory
standards and requirements.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We are exposed to the
risk of fraud, misconduct or other illegal activity by our employees, independent contractors, consultants, commercial partners and vendors.
Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless and negligent conduct that fails to: comply with applicable laws and regulations
of the FDA and other comparable foreign regulatory authorities; provide true, complete and accurate information to the FDA and other comparable
foreign regulatory authorities; comply with manufacturing standards we have established; comply with healthcare fraud and abuse laws in
the United States and similar foreign fraudulent misconduct laws; or report financial information or data accurately or to disclose unauthorized
activities to us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">If we or our customers
obtain FDA approval of any of our products and begin commercializing those products in the United States, our potential exposure under
such laws will increase significantly, and our costs associated with compliance with such laws are also likely to increase. We have adopted
a code of business conduct and ethics, but it is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by employees and third parties,
and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses
or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such
laws. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions
could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of significant fines or other sanctions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>If we fail to comply with healthcare
laws, we could face substantial penalties and our business, operations and financial conditions could be adversely affected.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Healthcare providers,
physicians and payors play a primary role in the recommendation and prescription of any product candidates for which our customers may
obtain marketing approval. Restrictions under applicable federal, state and foreign healthcare laws and regulations may affect our ability
to operate and expose us to areas of risk, including activities that potentially harm consumers and analogous state and foreign laws and
regulations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Because of the breadth
of these laws and the narrowness of the statutory exceptions and safe harbors available, it is possible that some of our business activities
could, despite our efforts to comply, be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws. Efforts to ensure that our business arrangements
will comply with applicable healthcare laws may involve substantial costs. It is possible that governmental and enforcement authorities
will conclude that our business practices may not comply with current or future statutes, regulations or case law interpreting applicable
healthcare laws and regulations. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting
our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of civil, criminal and administrative
penalties, damages, disgorgement, monetary fines, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, and
curtailment of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations.
In addition, the approval and commercialization of any of our customers&rsquo; product candidates outside the United States will also
likely subject us to foreign equivalents of the healthcare laws mentioned above, among other foreign laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 25; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->25<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>Risks Related to Personnel:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our failure to manage our growth in
operations and acquisitions of new product lines and new businesses could harm our business.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The recent growth in our
operations could place a significant strain on our current management resources. We have a limited number of personnel and expect to continue
to have a limited number of personnel for the foreseeable future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">To manage such growth,
we may need to improve our:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>operations and financial systems;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>procedures and controls; and</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&bull;</TD>
    <TD>training and management of our employees.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>If we are unable to continue to retain
the services of Dr.&nbsp;Hayward, we may not be able to continue our operations.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our success depends to
a significant extent upon the continued service of Dr.&nbsp;James A. Hayward, our CEO. On July&nbsp;28, 2016, we entered into an employment
agreement with Dr.&nbsp;Hayward. The initial term was from July&nbsp;1, 2016 through June&nbsp;30, 2017, with automatic one-year renewal
periods. As of June&nbsp;30, 2022, the employment contract automatically renewed for an additional year. Loss of the services of Dr.&nbsp;Hayward
could significantly harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. We do not maintain key-person insurance on the life
of Dr.&nbsp;Hayward.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>We may have conflicts of interest with
our affiliates and related parties, and in the past we have engaged in transactions and entered into agreements with affiliates that were
not negotiated at arms&rsquo; length.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have engaged, and may in the future engage,
in transactions with affiliates and other related parties. These transactions may not have been, and may not be, on terms as favorable
to us as they could have been if obtained from non-affiliated persons. While an effort has been made, and will continue to be made, to
enter into transactions with affiliated persons and other related parties at rates and on terms as favorable as would be charged by others,
there will always be an inherent conflict of interest between our interests and those of our affiliates and related parties. The Company
may be adversely impacted if any related party agreement or transaction is made on unfavorable terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>Risks Relating to Our Common Stock and
Other Securities:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>There are a large number of shares of
common stock underlying our outstanding options and warrants and the sale of these shares may depress the market price of our common stock
and cause immediate and substantial dilution to our existing stockholders.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">As of July&nbsp;15, 2022, we had 8,982,520 shares
of common stock issued and outstanding, outstanding options to purchase 1,063,143 shares of common stock, outstanding warrants to purchase
2,239,963 shares of common stock, and 2,778,556 shares available for grant under our 2005 and 2020 Equity Incentive Plans. The issuance
of shares upon exercise of our outstanding options and warrants will cause immediate and substantial dilution to our stockholders and
any sale thereof may depress the market price of our common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>We may be required to repurchase certain
of our warrants.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Under our warrants sold
privately that have registration rights, in the event of a &ldquo;Fundamental Transaction&rdquo; (as defined in the related warrant agreement,
which generally includes any merger with another entity, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets
to another entity, or the acquisition by a person of more than 50% of our common stock), each warrant holder will have the right at any
time prior to the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction to require us to repurchase the warrant for a purchase price in cash equal
to the Black Scholes value (as calculated under the warrant agreement) of the then remaining unexercised portion of such warrant on the
date of such Fundamental Transaction, which may materially adversely affect our financial condition and/or results of operations and may
prevent or deter a third party from acquiring us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>If we fail to comply with the continuing
listing standards of Nasdaq, our securities could be delisted, which could limit investors&rsquo; ability to make transactions in our
common stock and subject us to additional trading restrictions.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our common stock is listed
on Nasdaq under the symbol &ldquo;APDN&rdquo;. For our common stock to continue to be listed on Nasdaq, we must meet the current continued
listing requirements, which provide, among other things, that a company may be delisted if the bid price of its stock drops below $1.00
for a period of 30 consecutive business days. As of July&nbsp;15, 2022, the closing price of our common stock was $0.90 per share, and
we believe that the minimum bid price fell below $1.00 for a period of 17 consecutive trading days as of July&nbsp;15, 2022.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We may in the future decide
to enact a reverse stock split to comply with Nasdaq&rsquo;s minimum bid price requirement. However, even if we enact such a reverse stock
split, there can be no assurance that we would be able to maintain compliance with Nasdaq&rsquo;s minimum bid price or other listing requirements.
If we were unable to meet these requirements, our common stock could be delisted from Nasdaq. The effect of a reverse stock split on the
market price of our common stock cannot be predicted with any certainty, and the history of similar reverse stock split combinations for
companies in like circumstances is varied. It is possible that the per share price of the common stock after the reverse stock split will
not rise in proportion to the reduction in the number of shares of the common stock outstanding resulting from the reverse stock split,
effectively reducing our market capitalization, and there can be no assurance that the market price per post-reverse split share will
either exceed or remain in excess of the Nasdaq prescribed minimum bid price for a sustained period of time. The market price of our common
stock may vary based on other factors that are unrelated to the number of shares outstanding, including our future performance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 26; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->26<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">If our common stock were
to be delisted from Nasdaq, our common stock could begin to trade on one of the markets operated by OTC Markets Group, including OTCQX,
OTCQB or OTC Pink (formerly known as the &ldquo;pink sheets&rdquo;), as the case may be. In such event, our common stock could be subject
to the &ldquo;penny stock&rdquo; rules&nbsp;which among other things require brokers or dealers to approve investors&rsquo; accounts,
receive written agreements and determine investor suitability for transactions and disclose risks relating to investing in the penny stock
market. Any such delisting of our common stock could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading
market for our common stock, not only in terms of the number of shares that can be bought and sold at a given price, but also through
delays in the timing of transactions and less coverage of us by securities analysts, if any. Also, if in the future we were to determine
that we need to seek additional equity capital, it could have an adverse effect on our ability to raise capital in the public or private
equity markets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Any material weaknesses in our internal
control over financial reporting in the future could adversely affect investor confidence, impair the value of our common stock and increase
our cost of raising capital.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Any failure to remedy
deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that may be discovered or our failure to implement new or improved controls,
or difficulties encountered in the implementation of such controls, could harm our operating results, cause us to fail to meet our reporting
obligations or result in material misstatements in our financial statements. Any such failure could, in turn, affect the future ability
of our management to certify that internal control over our financial reporting is effective. Inferior internal control over financial
reporting could also subject us to the scrutiny of the SEC and other regulatory bodies which could cause investors to lose confidence
in our reported financial information and could subject us to civil or criminal penalties or stockholder litigation, which could have
an adverse effect on our results of operations and the market price of our common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition, if we or
our independent registered public accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting, the disclosure
of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the market&rsquo;s confidence in our financial statements and harm our share price.
Furthermore, deficiencies could result in future non-compliance with Section&nbsp;404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Such non-compliance
could subject us to a variety of administrative sanctions, including review by the SEC or other regulatory authorities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>If we are unable to obtain additional financing our business
operations may be harmed or discontinued.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our continuation as a going concern is dependent
upon our future revenues and our ability to commercialize more products, obtain additional capital and attain profitable operations. We
will require additional funds to complete the continued development and commercialization of our products, product manufacturing, and
to fund expected additional losses from operations, until revenues are sufficient to cover our operating expenses. If we are unsuccessful
in obtaining any necessary additional financing, we will most likely be forced to reduce or terminate our operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>We may require additional financing which may in turn require
the issuance of additional shares of common stock, preferred stock or other debt or equity securities (including convertible securities)
and which would dilute the ownership held by our stockholders.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We may need to raise funds through either debt
or the sale of our shares of our common stock in order to achieve our business goals. Any additional shares issued would further dilute
the percentage ownership held by the stockholders. Furthermore, if we raise funds in equity transactions through the issuance of convertible
securities which are convertible at the time of conversion at a discount to the prevailing market price, substantial dilution is likely
to occur resulting in a material decline in the price of your shares. Our public offerings completed in November&nbsp;2014, April&nbsp;2015,
December&nbsp;2018, and November&nbsp;2019, our registered direct offerings during January&nbsp;2021 and February&nbsp;2022, our registered
direct public offering and concurrent private placement during November&nbsp;2015, our private placements completed in November&nbsp;2016,
June&nbsp;2017, and August&nbsp;2019, and our registered direct offering in December&nbsp;2017 resulted in dilution to investors and future
offerings of securities could result in further dilution to investors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>We may require additional financing in the future, which may
not be available or, if available, may be on terms that cause a decline in the value of the shares of our common stock held by stockholders.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">If we raise capital in
the future by issuing additional securities, our stockholders may experience a decline in the value of the shares of our common stock
they currently hold or may acquire prior to any such financing. In addition, such securities may have rights senior to the rights of holders
of our shares of common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 27; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->27<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Split-Segment; Name: 3 -->
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="s3_001"></A>USE
OF PROCEEDS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We will not receive any proceeds from the sale
of the shares of common stock by the Selling Stockholder. However, we will receive proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants by the Selling
Stockholder to the extent they are exercised for cash. We estimate that the maximum proceeds that we may receive from the exercise of
the Warrants, assuming all the Warrants are exercised at their average exercise price of $<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">2.84</FONT>,
will be $4,249,776. We do not know, however, whether any of the Warrants will be exercised or, if any of the Warrants are exercised, when
they will be exercised. It is possible that the Warrants will expire and never be exercised. There are circumstances under which the Warrants
may be exercised on a cashless basis. In these circumstances, even if the Warrants are exercised, we may not receive any proceeds, or
the proceeds that we do receive may be significantly less than what we might expect. We intend to use the aggregate net proceeds from
the exercise of the Warrants for general corporate purposes, including working capital. The actual allocation of proceeds realized from
the exercise of these Securities will depend upon the amount and timing of such exercises, our operating revenues and cash position at
such time and our working capital requirements. The Selling Stockholder will pay any expenses incurred by the Selling Stockholder for
brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred by the Selling Stockholder in disposing of its shares of common
stock. We will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the shares covered by this prospectus,
including, without limitation, all registration fees and fees and expenses of our counsel and our accountants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="s3_002"></A>DIVIDEND
POLICY</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">We have never paid cash
dividends on our common stock. We anticipate that we will retain all of our future earnings, if any, for use in the expansion and operation
of our business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 28; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->28<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="s3_003"></A>PRIVATE PLACEMENT OF WARRANTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">On February&nbsp;21,
2022, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (&ldquo;Securities Purchase Agreement&rdquo;) with the Selling Stockholder. Pursuant
to the Securities Purchase Agreement, we agreed to sell in a registered direct offering (&ldquo;Registered Direct Offering&rdquo;) 1,496,400
Shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, par value $0.001 (&ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;), and/or pre-funded warrants (&ldquo;Pre-Funded
Warrants&rdquo;) to purchase shares of Common Stock&nbsp;to the extent that the Selling Stockholder determines, in its sole discretion,
that the Selling Stockholder would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or at the Selling Stockholder&rsquo;s election, 9.99%). The Pre-Funded
Warrants have an exercise price of $0.0001 per share and are immediately exercisable and can be exercised at any time after their original
issuance until such Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. Each Share was sold at an offering price of $2.80 and each Pre-Funded Warrant
was sold at an offering price of $2.7999 (equal to the purchase price per Share minus the exercise price of the Pre-Funded Warrant). Pursuant
to the Securities Purchase Agreement, in a concurrent private placement, the Company also agreed to issue to the Selling Stockholder unregistered
warrants (&ldquo;Common Warrants&rdquo;) to purchase up to 1,496,400 shares of Common Stock. Each Common Warrant has an exercise price
of $2.84 per share, is exercisable six months from the date of issuance and will expire five years from the initial exercise date. </FONT>The
Warrants will not be registered nor listed on any exchange. However, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed
to file a registration statement providing for the resale by the Selling Stockholder of the Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 29; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->29<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="s3_004"></A>SELLING STOCKHOLDER</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have prepared this prospectus to allow the Selling
Stockholder we have identified herein, including its transferees, pledgees, donees and successors in interest, to offer for resale up
to <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">1,496,400 </FONT>shares of our common stock (assuming exercise of all Warrants).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The common stock being offered by the Selling Stockholder
is that issuable to the Selling Stockholder upon exercise of the Warrants. For additional information regarding the issuances of those
shares of common stock and Warrants, see &ldquo;Private Placement of Warrants&rdquo; above. We are registering the shares of common stock
in order to permit the Selling Stockholder to offer the common stock for resale from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The registration of the sale of shares of common
stock held by the Selling Stockholder does not mean that they will sell or otherwise dispose of all or any of those shares of common stock.
The Selling Stockholder may sell or otherwise dispose of all, a portion or none of such shares from time to time. See &ldquo;Plan of Distribution.&rdquo;
We do not know the number of shares, if any, that will be offered for sale or other disposition by the Selling Stockholder under this
prospectus. Furthermore, the Selling Stockholder may have sold, transferred or disposed of the shares of common stock covered hereby in
transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act since the date on which we filed this prospectus. As a result,
we cannot estimate the number of shares of common stock the Selling Stockholder will beneficially own after termination of sales under
this prospectus. In addition, the Selling Stockholder may have sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of all or a portion of its shares
of common stock since the date on which it provided information for the table below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In accordance with the terms of the Securities
Purchase Agreement with the Selling Stockholder, this prospectus generally covers the resale of the maximum number of shares of common
stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants issued pursuant to such Securities Purchase Agreement, determined as if the outstanding Warrants
were exercised in full as of the trading day immediately preceding the date this registration statement was initially filed with the SEC,
without regard to any limitations on the exercise of the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise described in this prospectus,
the Selling Stockholder has not, or within the past three years has not had, any position, office or other material relationship with
us or any of our affiliates. The Selling Stockholder is not a broker-dealer or an affiliate of a broker-dealer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The table below sets forth certain information
with respect to the Selling Stockholder, including (i)&nbsp;the name of the Selling Stockholder; (ii)&nbsp;the number of shares of our
common stock beneficially owned by the Selling Stockholder before this offering; (iii)&nbsp;the maximum number of shares being offered
by the Selling Stockholder pursuant to this prospectus; and (iv)&nbsp;the Selling Stockholder&rsquo;s beneficial ownership after completion
of this offering, assuming that all of the shares covered hereby (but no other shares, if any, held by the Selling Stockholder) are sold.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The table is based on information supplied to us
by the Selling Stockholder or in Schedules 13G or 13D and other public documents filed with the SEC, with beneficial ownership and percentage
ownership determined in accordance with the rules&nbsp;and regulations of the SEC, and includes information with respect to voting or
investment power with respect to shares of stock. This information does not necessarily indicate beneficial ownership for any other purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The percentage of the Selling Stockholder&rsquo;s
ownership before and after this offering is based on 8,982,520 shares of common stock outstanding as of July&nbsp;15, 2022.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 30; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->30<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Name and Address<BR> of the Selling<BR> Stockholder</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">No.&nbsp;of Shares of<BR> Common Stock <BR> Beneficially <BR> Owned Prior to <BR> this Offering<SUP>(1)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Percentage of<BR> Outstanding<BR> Shares of<BR> Common Stock<BR> Beneficially<BR> Owned Prior to<BR> this Offering</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">No.&nbsp;of Shares of <BR> Common Stock <BR> Offered by <BR> Selling<BR> Stockholders<SUP>(1)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">No.&nbsp;and<BR> Percentage of<BR> Outstanding<BR> Shares of<BR> Common Stock<BR> Beneficially<BR> Owned<BR> Subsequent to this <BR> Offering<SUP>(2)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-style: normal; width: 27%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; text-align: left"><B>Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd.</B> <SUP>(3)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 15%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,496,400</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 15%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">14.3</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 15%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,496,400</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 15%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">0; 0</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><SUP>(1)&nbsp;</SUP>Assumes all Warrants are exercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><SUP>(2)&nbsp;</SUP>We have assumed that the Selling
Stockholder will not acquire beneficial ownership of any additional securities issued by us during the Offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><SUP>(3)&nbsp;</SUP>The common shares are issuable
upon the exercise of Warrants, which are directly held by Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. (the &ldquo;Master Fund&rdquo;), a Cayman
Islands exempted company, and may be deemed to be indirectly beneficially owned by Armistice Capital, LLC (&ldquo;Armistice&rdquo;), as
the investment manager of the Master Fund; and (ii)&nbsp;Steven Boyd, as the Managing Member of Armistice Capital.&nbsp;Armistice and
Steven Boyd disclaim beneficial ownership of the reported securities except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein.
The Warrants are subject to a 4.99% beneficial ownership limitation that prohibits the Master Fund from exercising any portion of them
if, following such exercise, the Master Fund&rsquo;s ownership of our common shares would exceed that ownership limitation. The address
of the Master Fund is c/o Armistice Capital, LLC, 510 Madison Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 31; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->31<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="s3_005"></A>PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We are registering the shares of common stock issuable
to the Selling Stockholder upon the exercise of the Selling Stockholder&rsquo;s Warrants purchased in the Private Placement to permit
the resale of these shares of common stock by the holders of the shares of common stock from time to time after the date of this prospectus.
We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale by the Selling Stockholder of the shares of common stock. We will bear all fees
and expenses incident to our obligation to register the shares of common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Selling Stockholder, which may include donees,
pledgees, transferees or other successors-in-interest selling shares of common stock or interests in shares of common stock received after
the date of this prospectus from a Selling Stockholder as a gift, pledge, partnership distribution or other transfer, may sell all or
a portion of the shares of common stock beneficially owned by them and offered hereby from time to time on any stock exchange, market
or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">A Selling Stockholder may use any one or more of
the following methods when disposing of shares or interests therein:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">&bull;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers; </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">&bull;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent, but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction; </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">&bull;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its own account; </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">&bull;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules&nbsp;of the applicable exchange; </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">&bull;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">privately negotiated transactions; </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">&bull;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise; </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">&bull;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">through agreements between broker-dealers and the Selling Stockholder to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share; </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">&bull;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">a combination of any such methods of sale; and </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 3%">&bull;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">any other method permitted by applicable law. </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Selling Stockholder may, from time to time,
pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the shares of common stock owned by them and, if they default in the performance
of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell the shares of common stock, from time to time, under
this prospectus, or under an amendment to this prospectus under Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;or other applicable provision of the Securities
Act amending the list of selling stockholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling stockholders
under this prospectus. The Selling Stockholder also may transfer the shares of common stock in other circumstances, in which case the
pledgees, transferees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Selling Stockholder also may resell all or
a portion of the shares in open market transactions in reliance upon Rule&nbsp;144 under the Securities Act, as permitted by that rule,
or Section&nbsp;4(a)(1)&nbsp;under the Securities Act, if available, rather than under this prospectus; provided that they meet the criteria
and conform to the requirements of those provisions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In connection with the sale of our common stock
or interests therein, the Selling Stockholder may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions,
which may in turn engage in short sales of the common stock in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The Selling Stockholder
may also sell shares of our common stock short and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the
common stock to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The Selling Stockholder may also enter into options or other transactions
with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or the creation of one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to
each such broker-dealer or other financial institution of shares offered by this prospectus, which shares such broker-dealer or other
financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 32; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->32<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The aggregate proceeds to the Selling Stockholder
from the sale of the common stock offered by them will be the purchase price of the common stock less discounts or commissions, if any.
The Selling Stockholder reserves the right to accept and, together with its agents from time to time, to reject, in whole or in part,
any proposed purchase of common stock to be made directly or through agents. We will not receive any of the proceeds from this offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Selling Stockholder and any underwriters, broker-dealers
or agents that participate in the sale of the common stock or interests therein may be &ldquo;underwriters&rdquo; within the meaning of
Section&nbsp;2(11) of the Securities Act. Any discounts, commissions, concessions or profit they earn on any resale of the shares may
be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. If the Selling Stockholder is an &ldquo;underwriter&rdquo; within
the meaning of Section&nbsp;2(11) of the Securities Act, it will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities
Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">To the extent required, the shares of our common
stock to be sold, the name of the selling stockholder, the respective purchase prices and public offering prices, the names of any agents,
dealer or underwriter, and any applicable commissions or discounts with respect to a particular offer will be set forth in an accompanying
prospectus supplement or, if appropriate, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement that includes this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If underwriters are used in the sale, the shares
of common stock will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions,
including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. In connection
with any such underwritten sale of shares of common stock, underwriters may receive compensation from the selling stockholder, for whom
they may act as agents, in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. If the selling stockholder uses an underwriter or underwriters
to effectuate the sale of shares of common stock, we and/or it will execute an underwriting agreement with those underwriters at the time
of sale of those shares of common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">To the extent required by law, the names of the
underwriters will be set forth in a prospectus supplement or, if appropriate, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement
that includes the prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus used by the underwriters to sell those securities. The obligations
of the underwriters to purchase those shares of common stock will be subject to certain conditions precedent, and unless otherwise specified
in a prospectus supplement, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the shares of common stock offered by such prospectus supplement
if any of such shares of common stock are purchased. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed
or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have advised the Selling Stockholder that the
anti-manipulation rules&nbsp;of Regulation M under the Exchange Act may apply to sales of shares in the market and to the activities of
the Selling Stockholder and its affiliates. The Selling Stockholder may indemnify any broker-dealer that participates in transactions
involving the sale of the shares against certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have agreed to indemnify the Selling Stockholder
and certain of its affiliates against certain losses, claims, damages and liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 33; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->33<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have agreed with the Selling Stockholder to
keep the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part effective until the date on which the Selling Stockholder no longer
owns the Warrants or the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise thereof, which are covered by such registration statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Listing</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital
Market under the symbol &ldquo;APDN.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 34; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->34<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="s3_006"></A>LEGAL
MATTERS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The validity of the issuance of the Securities
offered hereby will be passed upon for us by McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP, New York, New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="s3_007"></A>EXPERTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Marcum
LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements included in our <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057821000497/apdn-20210930x10k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Annual
Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the years ended September&nbsp;30, 2021</A> and <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_10k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">2020</A>, as set forth in their report, which is incorporated
by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in this registration statement Marcum LLP&rsquo;s report includes an explanatory paragraph
relating to our ability to continue as a going concern. Our consolidated financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance
on Marcum LLP&rsquo;s report, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="s3_008"></A>WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have filed with the SEC a registration statement
on Form&nbsp;S-3 (File No.&nbsp;333-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;), of which this prospectus is a part, under the Securities Act,
to register the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus. However, this prospectus does not contain all of the information contained
in the Registration Statement. We have omitted from this prospectus some parts of the Registration Statement as permitted by the rules&nbsp;and
regulations of the SEC. Statements in this prospectus concerning any document we have filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement
or that we otherwise filed with the SEC are not intended to be comprehensive and are qualified in their entirety by reference to these
filings. In addition, we file annual, quarterly and other reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings
are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC&rsquo;s website at www.sec.gov. Our Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K, Quarterly
Reports on Form&nbsp;10-Q, and Current Reports on Form&nbsp;8-K, including any amendments to those reports, and other information that
we file with or furnish to the SEC pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a)&nbsp;or 15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act can also be accessed free of
charge through the Internet. These filings will be available as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material
with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Annual Reports on Form&nbsp;10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form&nbsp;10-Q and Current Reports on Form&nbsp;8-K,
including any amendments to those reports, and other information that we file with or furnish to the SEC pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a)&nbsp;or
15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act, can also be accessed free of charge from our website at http://www.adnas.com. These filings will be available
as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Information contained on
our website is not part of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="s3_009"></A>INFORMATION
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have elected to incorporate certain information
by reference into this prospectus. By incorporating by reference, we can disclose important information to you by referring you to other
documents we have filed or will file with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus,
except for information incorporated by reference that is superseded by information contained in this prospectus. This means that you must
look at all of the SEC filings that we incorporate by reference to determine if any statements in the prospectus or any document previously
incorporated by reference have been modified or superseded. This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents set forth below that
we have previously filed with the SEC, except in each case the information contained in such document to the extent &ldquo;furnished&rdquo;
and not &ldquo;filed&rdquo;:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057821000497/apdn-20210930x10k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Our Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the year ended September&nbsp;30, 2021, as filed with the SEC on December&nbsp;9, 2021</A></FONT>, as <FONT><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057821000536/apdn-20210930x10ka.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">amended by the Form&nbsp;10-K/A as filed with the SEC on December&nbsp;14, 2021</A></FONT>, as further <FONT><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822000063/apdn-20210930x10ka.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">amended by the Form&nbsp;10-K/A as filed with the SEC on January&nbsp;28, 2022</A></FONT>;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822000113/apdn-20211231x10q.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Our Quarterly Reports on Form&nbsp;10-Q for the three month period ended December&nbsp;31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on February&nbsp;10, 2022</A></FONT>, and <FONT><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822001364/apdn-20220331x10q.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">for the three and six month periods ended March&nbsp;31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on May&nbsp;12, 2022</A></FONT>; and</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>Our Current Reports on Form&nbsp;8-K (other than portions thereof furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form&nbsp;8-K and exhibits accompanying such reports that are related to such items) as filed with the SEC on <FONT><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921134356/tm2131990d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">November&nbsp;4, 2021</A></FONT> and <FONT><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">February&nbsp;23, 2022</A></FONT>.</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104914006275/t1402186_8a12b.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">The description of our capital stock contained in our registration statement on Form&nbsp;8-A (File No.&nbsp;001-36745) filed with the Commission on November&nbsp;13, 2014, pursuant to Section&nbsp;12(b)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 35; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->35<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">All reports and other documents subsequently filed
by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act after the date of the registration statement to which this
prospectus forms a part of and prior to the effectiveness of such registration statement or after the date of this prospectus and prior
to the termination or completion of the offering of Securities under this prospectus shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in
this prospectus and to be a part hereof from the date of filing such reports and other documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">You may obtain a copy of any or all of the documents
referred to above which may have been or may be incorporated by reference into this prospectus, except for exhibits to those documents
(unless the exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into those documents) at no cost to you by writing or telephoning us at
the following address: Office of the Corporate Secretary, Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New
York 11790, telephone (631) 240-8800.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.75in">Annual Reports on Form&nbsp;10-K, Quarterly Reports
on Form&nbsp;10-Q and Current Reports on Form&nbsp;8-K, including any amendments to those reports, and other information that we file
with or furnish to the SEC pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a)&nbsp;or 15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act, can also be accessed free of charge
from our website at http://www.adnas.com. These filings will be available as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file
such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Information contained on our website is not part of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 36; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->36<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.5pt 1.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="tm2221337d1_s3img001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>1,496,400 Shares</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Common Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Offered by the Selling Stockholder</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 21%; padding: 0.25pt 1.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 58%; border-top: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.5pt 1.25pt 0.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 21%; padding: 0.25pt 1.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 1.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 1.75pt 1.25pt; text-align: center"><B>PROSPECTUS</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 1.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 1.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 1.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 1.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>July&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; , 2022</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 98%; padding: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.5pt 1.25pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 37; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->37<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Split-Segment; Name: 4 -->
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><A NAME="Sp4a_001"></A><B>INFORMATION
NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Set forth below is an estimate (except in the case
of the registration fee) of the amount of fees and expenses to be incurred in connection with the issuance and distribution of the offered
Securities registered hereby, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, if any, incurred in connection with the sale of the offered
Securities. All such amounts will be borne by us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 89%; text-align: justify">SEC Registration Fee</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">117</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Legal Fees and Expenses</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">30,000</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Accounting Fees and Expenses</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">7,500</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Miscellaneous Fees and Expenses</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,000</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Total:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">39,617</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><A NAME="Sp4a_002"></A><B>INDEMNIFICATION
FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Certificate of Incorporation provides to the
fullest extent permitted by Delaware law that our directors or officers shall not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for damages
for breach of such director&rsquo;s or officer&rsquo;s fiduciary duty. The effect of this provision of our Certificate of Incorporation
is to eliminate our rights and the rights of our stockholders (through stockholders&rsquo; derivative suits on behalf of our company)
to recover damages against a director or officer for breach of the fiduciary duty of care as a director or officer (including breaches
resulting from negligent or grossly negligent behavior), except under certain situations defined by statute. We believe that the indemnification
provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Certificate of Incorporation also provides
that we shall have the power to indemnify, to the extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as it presently exists or
may hereafter be amended from time to time, any employee or agent of ours who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to
any proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of ours or is or was serving at our
request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including
service with respect to employee benefit plans, against expenses (including attorneys&rsquo; fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid
in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any such proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section&nbsp;9.3 of our By-Laws provides for the
indemnification of our directors, officers and employees to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have entered into an indemnification agreement
(each, an &ldquo;Indemnification Agreement&rdquo;) with each of our directors and executive officers. In general, the Indemnification
Agreement obligates us to indemnify a director or executive officer, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, for certain expenses,
including attorneys&rsquo; fees, judgments, penalties, fines and settlement amounts actually and reasonably incurred by them in any action
or proceeding arising out of their services as one of our directors or executive officers, or any of our subsidiaries or any other company
or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request. In addition, the Indemnification Agreement provides for the advancement
of expenses incurred by the indemnitee in connection with any covered proceeding to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. The
rights provided by the Indemnification Agreement are in addition to any other rights to indemnification or advancement of expenses to
which the indemnitee may be entitled under applicable law, our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, or bylaws, or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 38; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->38<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We maintain a director and officer insurance policy
that covers certain liabilities of our directors and officers arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as
directors or officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Item 16. Exhibits</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">A list of exhibits filed
with this registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 is set forth on the Exhibit&nbsp;Index and is incorporated herein by reference.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 39; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->39<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Item 17. Undertakings.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The undersigned Registrant
hereby undertakes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to file, during
any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: (i)&nbsp;to include any
prospectus required by Section&nbsp;10(a)(3)&nbsp;of the Securities Act; (ii)&nbsp;to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising
after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in
the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which
was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus
filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than
a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &ldquo;Calculation of Registration Fee&rdquo; table in the effective
registration statement; and (iii)&nbsp;to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed
in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; provided, however, that paragraphs
(i), (ii)&nbsp;and (iii)&nbsp;do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs
is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the Registrant pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or Section&nbsp;15(d)&nbsp;of
the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant
to Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;that is part of the registration statement;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that, for the purpose
of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide
offering thereof;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to remove from registration
by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that, for the purpose
of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser: (i)&nbsp;Each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)(3)&nbsp;shall
be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration
statement; and (ii)&nbsp;Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)(2), (b)(5)&nbsp;or (b)(7)&nbsp;as part of a
registration statement in reliance on Rule&nbsp;430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415(a)(1)(i), (vii)&nbsp;or (x)&nbsp;for
the purpose of providing the information required by Section&nbsp;10(a)&nbsp;of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included
in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the
first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule&nbsp;430B, for liability purposes
of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration
statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which the prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration
statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference
into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract
of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that
was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The undersigned
Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of Registrant&rsquo;s
annual report pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a)&nbsp;or Section&nbsp;15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act that is incorporated by reference in
this registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering
of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Insofar as indemnification
for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant
to the provisions described under Item 15 above, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and
Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred
or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is
asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless
in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the
question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final
adjudication of such issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 40; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->40<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SIGNATURES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant, Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it
meets all of the requirements for filing on Form&nbsp;S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Stony Brook, State of New York, on the 19th day of July&nbsp;2022.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">APPLIED DNA SCIENCES,&nbsp;INC.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 47%">/s/ James A. Hayward </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">James A. Hayward</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 41; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->41<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="Sp4a_004"></A>POWER OF ATTORNEY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Each person whose signature appears below appoints
Dr.&nbsp;James A. Hayward and Ms.&nbsp;Beth M. Jantzen, and each of them, any of whom may act without the joinder of the other, as his
or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her
name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration
Statement and any Registration Statement (including any amendment thereto) for this offering that is to be effective upon filing pursuant
to Rule&nbsp;462 under the Securities Act of 1933 and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all other documents in connection
therewith, with the SEC, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act
and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or would do in person, hereby ratifying
and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them of their or his substitute and substitutes, may lawfully do or
cause to be done by virtue hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 this registration
statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 34%; text-align: center"><B>Signature</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 34%; text-align: center"><B>Title</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 28%; text-align: center"><B>Date</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">/s/ JAMES A. HAYWARD</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Chairman, President, Chief</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>July 19, 2022</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>James A. Hayward</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Executive Officer and Director</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="color: #333333"><I>(Principal Executive Officer</I>)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">/s/ BETH M. JANTZEN</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Chief Financial Officer</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>July 19, 2022</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>Beth M. Jantzen</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="color: #333333"><I>(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer</I>)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">/s/ JOHN BITZER,&nbsp;III</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Director</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>July 19, 2022</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>John Bitzer,&nbsp;III</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">/s/ ROBERT CATELL</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Director</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>July 19, 2022</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>Robert Catell</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">/s/ JOSEPH D. CECCOLI</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Director</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>July 19, 2022</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>Joseph D. Ceccoli</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">/s/ SCOTT L. ANCHIN</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Director</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>July 19, 2022</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>Scott L. Anchin</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">/s/ YACOVA A. SHAMASH</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Director</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>July 19, 2022</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>Yacova A. Shamash</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">/s/ SANFORD R. SIMON</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Director</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>July 19, 2022</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>Sanford R. Simon</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">/s/ ELIZABETH M. SCHMALZ</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Director</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>July 19, 2022</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">Elizabeth M. Schmalz</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 42; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->42<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="Sp4a_003"></A>EXHIBIT&nbsp;INDEX</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Incorporated by Reference
    to SEC Filing</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;No.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 38%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Filed Exhibit&nbsp;Description</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; width: 8%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Form</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;No.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>File
    No.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; width: 8%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Date
    Filed</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Filed or
    <BR>
    Furnished<BR>
    Herewith-</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Description of Securities</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">002-90539</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12/17/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Purchase Warrant</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12/20/2017</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.3</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Common Stock Purchase Warrant</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12/21/2018</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex4-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.4</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex4-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of pre-funded warrant</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex4-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex4-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.3</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex4-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex4-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">11/14/2019</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.5</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of common warrant certificate (included in the
    Warrant Agreement, dated November&nbsp;15, 2019)</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">11/18/2019</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.6</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Indenture</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">S-3</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">333-238557</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">05/21/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.7</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Common Stock Purchase Warrant</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10.3</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10/14/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.8</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Pre-Funded Common Stock Purchase Warrant</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">02/23/2022</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.9</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Common Stock Purchase Warrant</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">02/23/2022</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2221337d1_ex5-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2221337d1_ex5-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Opinion of McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><A HREF="tm2221337d1_ex5-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2221337d1_ex23-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">23.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2221337d1_ex23-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Consent of Marcum LLP</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><A HREF="tm2221337d1_ex23-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2221337d1_ex5-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">23.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2221337d1_ex5-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Consent of McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP (included
    in Exhibit&nbsp;5.1).</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><A HREF="tm2221337d1_ex5-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="#Sp4a_004"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">24.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="#Sp4a_004"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Power of Attorney (included on the signature page&nbsp;hereto)</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><A HREF="#Sp4a_004"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2221337d1_ex-filingfee.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">107</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2221337d1_ex-filingfee.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Filing Fee Table</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><A HREF="tm2221337d1_ex-filingfee.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 43; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->43<!-- Field: /Sequence -->-&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>tm2221337d1_ex5-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="tm2221337d1_ex5-1img001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">July 19, 2022</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">50 Health Sciences Drive</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Stony Brook, NY 11790</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Re:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <U>Registration of Warrant
Shares</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">Reference is made to the filing by Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;), with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B><I>SEC</I></B>&rdquo;)
pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<B><I>Securities Act</I></B>&rdquo;), of the Company&rsquo;s registration
statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 (the &ldquo;<B><I>Registration Statement</I></B>&rdquo;), filed on July 19, 2022, which includes
a prospectus (the &ldquo;<B><I>Prospectus</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are rendering this opinion in connection with
the filing by the Company with the SEC of the Registration Statement relating to the offering by a selling stockholder of up to <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">1,496,400</FONT>
shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the &ldquo;<B><I>Shares</I></B>&rdquo;). The Shares will be issued
upon the exercise of certain warrants of the Company (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrants</I></B>&rdquo;). The Warrants were issued pursuant to
that certain securities purchase agreement dated February&nbsp;21, 2022 (the &ldquo;<B><I>Securities Purchase Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We understand that the Shares to be issued
upon the exercise of the Warrants are to be offered and sold in the manner set forth in the Prospectus. This opinion letter is
furnished to you at your request to enable you to fulfill the requirements of Item 601(b)(5)&nbsp;of Regulation S-K in connection
with the Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have acted as your counsel in connection with the preparation of
the Registration Statement. We are familiar with the proceedings taken by the board of directors of the Company (the &ldquo;<B><I>Board</I></B>&rdquo;)
in connection with the authorization, issuance and sale of the Shares. We have examined all such documents as we considered necessary
to enable us to render this opinion, including, but not limited to: (i)&nbsp;the Registration Statement, (ii)&nbsp;the Warrants, (iii)&nbsp;the
Securities Purchase Agreement, (iv)&nbsp;the Company&rsquo;s certificate of incorporation, as amended to date, (v)&nbsp;the Company&rsquo;s
amended and restated bylaws, as amended to date, (vi)&nbsp;certain resolutions of the Board, and (vii)&nbsp;such other corporate records
and instruments, and such laws and regulations as we have deemed necessary for purposes of rendering the opinions set forth herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In our examination, we have assumed the legal
capacity of all natural persons, the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the
conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as certified, conformed, photostatic or facsimile copies, the authenticity
of all documents submitted to us as certified, conformed, photostatic or facsimile copies and the authenticity of the originals of such
certified, conformed, photostatic or facsimile copies. In addition, we have assumed that the Shares will be offered in the manner and
on the terms identified or referred to in the Prospectus. As to any facts material to the opinions expressed herein, which were not independently
established or verified, we have relied upon statements and representations of officers and other representatives of the Company and others.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We express no opinion herein as to the law of
any state or jurisdiction other than the laws of the State of New York and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD ROWSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: middle; width: 25%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="tm2221337d1_ex5-1img002.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 56px; width: 150px"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 75%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>One Vanderbilt Avenue New York NY 10017-3852 Tel +1 212 547 5400 Fax +1 212 547 5444</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>US practice conducted through McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP.</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the assumptions,
limitations and qualifications stated herein, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered
by the Company in accordance with the terms of the Warrants and upon receipt by the Company of the consideration therefor provided therein,
will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We assume no obligation to supplement this opinion
if any applicable law changes after the date hereof or if we become aware of any fact that might change the opinion expressed herein after
the date hereof. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as a part of the Registration Statement and to the reference of our firm
under the caption &ldquo;Legal Matters&rdquo; in the Prospectus. In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are in the category
of persons whose consent is required under Section&nbsp;7 of the Securities Act or the rules&nbsp;and regulations of the SEC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">Very truly yours,</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><I>/s/ McDermott Will and Emery LLP</I></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>McDermott Will and Emery LLP</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD ROWSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: middle; width: 25%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="tm2221337d1_ex5-1img002.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 56px; width: 150px"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 75%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>One Vanderbilt Avenue New York NY 10017-3852 Tel +1 212 547 5400 Fax +1 212 547 5444</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>US practice conducted through McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP.</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm2221337d1_ex23-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 23.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 23.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><U>Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm&rsquo;s Consent</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We consent to the incorporation by reference in
this Registration Statement of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. on Form S-3 of our report dated December 9, 2021, which includes an explanatory
paragraph as to the Company&rsquo;s ability to continue as a going concern, with respect to our audits of the consolidated financial statements
of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 and for each of the two years in the period ended September 30, 2021 appearing
in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. for the year ended September 30, 2021. We also consent to the reference
to our firm under the heading &ldquo;Experts&rdquo; in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">/s/ Marcum <FONT STYLE="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase">llp</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Marcum <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">llp</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Melville, NY</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">July 19, 2022</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-FILING FEES
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>tm2221337d1_ex-filingfee.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-FILING FEES
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;107</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Calculation of Filing Fee Tables</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>FORM&nbsp;S-3</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>APPLIED DNA SCIENCES,&nbsp;INC.</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward
Securities</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="text-align: center; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Security<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Type</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Security<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Class<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Title</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Fee<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Calculation<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
or Carry<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Forward<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Rule</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B>Amount<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
    Registered<SUP>(1)</SUP></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 7pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B>Proposed<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Maximum<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Offering<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Price Per<BR>
Unit<SUP>(2)</SUP></B></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B>Maximum<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
    Aggregate<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
    Offering<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
    Price<SUP>(2)</SUP></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Fee Rate</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Amount of<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Registration<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Fee</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Carry<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Forward<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Form<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Type</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Carry<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Forward<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
File<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Number</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 7pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Carry<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Forward<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Initial<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
effective<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
date</B></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Filing Fee<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Previously<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Paid In<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Connection<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
with Unsold<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Securities<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
to be<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Carried<BR STYLE="font-size: 7pt">
Forward</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD COLSPAN="43" STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Newly Registered Securities</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font-size: 7pt; width: 7%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font-size: 7pt; width: 5%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 7%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share<SUP>(3)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font-size: 7pt; width: 6%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Rule&nbsp;457(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 5%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">1,496,400</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 5%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">0.84</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 5%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">1,256,976</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 5%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">0.0000927</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 5%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">116.52</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 5%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Fees Previously Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD COLSPAN="43" STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Carry Forward Securities</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Carry Forward Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="8" STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Total Offering Amounts</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">1,256,976</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">116.52</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="8" STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Total Fees Previously Paid</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="8" STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Total Fee Offsets</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="8" STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><B STYLE="font-size: 7pt">Net Fee Due</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(1)&nbsp;Pursuant to Rule&nbsp;416 under the Securities
Act of 1933 (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;), the securities being registered hereunder also include such indeterminate number of additional
shares of common stock as may from time to time be issued after the date hereof as a result of stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations
or similar transactions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(2)&nbsp;Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating
the registration fee in accordance with Rule&nbsp;457(c)&nbsp;of the Securities Act, based on the average of the high and low prices of
the common stock of the registrant as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on July&nbsp;18, 2022.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(3)&nbsp;Represents shares of our common stock
offered by Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. (the &ldquo;Selling Stockholder&rdquo;) issuable upon the exercise of warrants to purchase
common stock issued to the Selling Stockholder in a private placement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1; Options: NewSection Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>tm2221337d1_s3sp1img001.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 tm2221337d1_s3sp1img001.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! 0$ 8 !@  #_VP!#  @&!@<&!0@'!P<)"0@*#!0-# L+
M#!D2$P\4'1H?'AT:'!P@)"XG("(L(QP<*#<I+# Q-#0T'R<Y/3@R/"XS-#+_
MVP!# 0D)"0P+#!@-#1@R(1PA,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R
M,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C+_P  1" !# 7X# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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M!SZD$?RH Q/V@C-/X/L)+60-;K<_OMIRO3C/XUS6@Q?$)O"D$FFZ_I,>DB#
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M0 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%%
M!1110 4QA\RCU_PHHH 7'RD]Z;(<;,<9-%% $@HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH _
"_]D!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>tm2221337d1_s3img001.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 tm2221337d1_s3img001.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! 0$ 8 !@  #_VP!#  (! 0(! 0(" @(" @(" P4# P,#
M P8$! ,%!P8'!P<&!P<("0L)" @*" <'"@T*"@L,# P,!PD.#PT,#@L,# S_
MVP!# 0(" @,# P8# P8," <(# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,
M# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# P,# S_P  1"  W 5<# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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MCE!D<OC]XX<$GR\  _5C]C+]O#X5_M^_"<>,_A5XNLO%.C))Y%R(T>&ZT^7
M;RIX7"R1M@Y&Y<$<J2.:\#_;@_X.#?V9/V!_BA-X+\7^,;[5?%=DP6_TSP_I
MSZA)I9(SMG<%8T?_ &-^\=U%?G=_P3F/AK]E;_@X0_:O\/\ P#>#_A4ND> K
M_4KJRL)O-TVTO8(K*4HAR5Q#>R7,2#^ -(B\ UL_\&FOP"^"W[2_P*^*GCGQ
MUHWA?XA_&>_\57 UE_$-I#J5W;V,L,4B2K',K;5FF>Y+R#ERFTGY<4 ?K/\
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B\VTX!*APN>U%% 'T((PO:G444 %%%% !1110 4444 ?_V0$!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>tm2221337d1_ex5-1img001.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 tm2221337d1_ex5-1img001.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! 0$ 8 !@  #_VP!#  @&!@<&!0@'!P<)"0@*#!0-# L+
M#!D2$P\4'1H?'AT:'!P@)"XG("(L(QP<*#<I+# Q-#0T'R<Y/3@R/"XS-#+_
MVP!# 0D)"0P+#!@-#1@R(1PA,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R
M,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C+_P  1" "  'T# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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MN1X69-XG$PP<=MW_ %Z?F=[HFD0:'I45E !\HR[XY=CU)J_(ZQ1M(V=J@L<
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MH_J.*U:Q:L?00G&I%2@[IA11104%%%% !13)98X(FEFD6.-1EF<X 'N:\_\
M$OQ$15>TT0[F/#71' _W0>OUJHQ<MCFQ.+I8:/-4?^;-+QKXO72+=K"QD!OY
M!AF'_+%3W_WO0?C]>+\&^&G\0:EY]P#]AA;,K'_EHW7;_C[?6HO#GA:^\2W?
MG2%TM-^9;AN2Q[@9ZFO8K&QMM-LX[2TB$<,8PJC^9]36C:@N5;GCT*-7,:RQ
M%=6@MEW_ *ZOKML3@!5    X ':EHHK$^A"BBB@ KG_$/A'3O$"F21?(NP,+
M/&.3_O#O7044TVM49U:4*L>2HKH\3U7PGK?A^;SQ&[QH<K<VQ)V^YQRO^>:N
MZ9\1-9L0J7!CO8QQ^]&'_P"^A_7->OUCZAX6T34RS7.GQ>8W)DC&QB?<C&?Q
MK3VB?Q(\>64U:,N;"5''R?\ 7YHYZU^)^F2!1=65S"QZ[-K@?CD']*T%^(7A
MU@2;F5?8PM_05GW'PPTMV)M[RZBSV;:P'Z"J)^%1XQK(]_\ 1O\ [.BU-ASY
MM#1QC+[O\T;$_P 2-"B7,?VJ8^B18_F16'?_ !1F8%=/T]$]'G;=_P".C'\Z
MM0_"RW4_O]5E<?[$(7^9-;%E\/M M"K/#+<L.\TG'Y# H_=KS!QS6KHVH+^O
M4\UGO=>\5W8B9KB[?.1$@PB_@.!]377>'_AN$9+G6G#$<BVC/'_ F_H/SKT"
MWM;>TB$5M!'#&.BQJ%'Y"I:3J/9:&M#**<9>TKRYY>>W]?U89##%;PI##&L<
5:#"H@P /0"GT45F>NE8**** /__9

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>tm2221337d1_ex5-1img002.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 tm2221337d1_ex5-1img002.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! 0$ 8 !@  #_VP!#  @&!@<&!0@'!P<)"0@*#!0-# L+
M#!D2$P\4'1H?'AT:'!P@)"XG("(L(QP<*#<I+# Q-#0T'R<Y/3@R/"XS-#+_
MVP!# 0D)"0P+#!@-#1@R(1PA,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R
M,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C+_P  1"  [ )\# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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M2CJ-PI,"2(LF!D@,P&?PS5^TNX;VVCN+:5)89%#(Z'((KD/BO_R3^^_WXO\
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M),YVHI S6UI7@*\L+'5;6YUN6Z6^M6MQO!_=D]Z[NB@##\*: ?#/AZ'2_/\
M.\IF._&,[F)_K4'@[PP?"FDS6/VGS_,G:;=MQC( Q^E='10!S6B>%5TG6==O
MWF$RZK(',97A1EN/?[U<U>?"ZXANY#H6N36%G*<O!R0/I@UZ510!REKX*@L?
M"%]H-O=S,+M&#32G<06&"0*T?"VA_P#"-^';;2O.\[R-_P ^,9W,6_K6U10!
MYC\5K:+5[WP_HL2@W]S<G:PZI&>&S[=_^ UZ)IUA;Z9I]O8VJ;(($"(/84LN
<G6,U[%>RV=O)=1#$<[Q*70>@;&1U/YU9H __V0$!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
