<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-22-084740.txt : 20220801
<SEC-HEADER>0001104659-22-084740.hdr.sgml : 20220801
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20220801164856
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-22-084740
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-1/A
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		12
FILED AS OF DATE:		20220801
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20220801

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			APPLIED DNA SCIENCES INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000744452
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS SERVICES [7380]
		IRS NUMBER:				592262718
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0930

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-1/A
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-266223
		FILM NUMBER:		221125477

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		50 HEALTH SCIENCES DRIVE
		CITY:			STONY BROOK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11790
		BUSINESS PHONE:		631-240-8800

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		50 HEALTH SCIENCES DRIVE
		CITY:			STONY BROOK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11790

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PROHEALTH MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20010504

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	DCC ACQUISITION CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19990211

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	DATALINK CAPITAL CORP/TX/
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19980306
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-1/A
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>tm2222270d1_s1a.htm
<DESCRIPTION>S-1/A
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>As filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on August 1, 2022</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"> <B>Registration No.&nbsp;333-266223</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>UNITED STATES<BR>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION<BR>
Washington, D.C. 20549</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Amendment No. 1</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>to</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM&nbsp;S-1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>REGISTRATION STATEMENT<BR>
UNDER<BR>
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 24pt"><B>Applied
DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 24pt"><BR>
</FONT><B>(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Delaware</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>7380</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>59-2262718</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(State or other jurisdiction of<BR>
incorporation or organization)</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(primary standard industrial classification<BR>
code number)</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(I.R.S. Employer<BR>
Identification Number)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>50 Health Sciences Drive<BR>
Stony Brook, New York 11790<BR>
631-240-8800<BR>
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including<BR>
area code, of registrant&rsquo;s principal executive offices)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>James A. Hayward, Ph.D., Sc.D.<BR>
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President<BR>
Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.<BR>
50 Health Sciences Drive<BR>
Stony Brook, New York 11790<BR>
631-240-8801</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone
number, including area code, of agent for service)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><I>Copies to:</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Merrill M. Kraines</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Todd Kornfeld</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>One Vanderbilt Avenue</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>New York, NY 10017-3852</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>212-547-5616</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Robert F. Charron</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Ellenoff Grossman&nbsp;&amp; Schole LLP</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>1345 Avenue of the Americas</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>New York, NY 10105</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>212-370-1300</B></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Approximate
date of commencement of proposed sale to the public</B></FONT>: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
any of the securities being registered on this Form&nbsp;are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415
under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#120;</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
this Form&nbsp;is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(b)&nbsp;under the Securities Act,
check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for
the same offering.&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
this Form&nbsp;is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(c)&nbsp;under the Securities Act, check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
this Form&nbsp;is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(d)&nbsp;under the Securities Act, check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is
a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.
See the definitions of &ldquo;large accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;smaller reporting company&rdquo;
and &ldquo;emerging growth company&rdquo; in Rule&nbsp;12b-2 of the Exchange Act:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Large accelerated
    filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">&#168;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accelerated filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">&#168;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#120;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller reporting company</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">&#120;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging growth company</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(a)(2)(B)&nbsp;of the Securities Act and Section&nbsp;13(a)&nbsp;of
the Exchange Act. &nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>The Registrant hereby amends this registration
statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section&nbsp;8(a)&nbsp;of the
Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission,
acting pursuant to said Section&nbsp;8(a), may determine.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: red"><B>The information in this prospectus is not complete and
may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is
effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and the Company is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities
in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: red; text-align: left">PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%; color: red; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: right"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SUBJECT
    TO COMPLETION, DATED <FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>August 1</B></FONT>, 2022 </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><IMG SRC="tm2222270d1_s1a1img01.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>$10,000,000</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>Up to&nbsp;14,285,714 Shares of Common Stock
and Accompanying Series A Warrants to Purchase up to 14,285,714 Shares of Common Stock and Series B Warrants to Purchase up to 14,285,714
Shares of Common Stock</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>Up to 14,285,714 Pre-Funded Warrants to
Purchase Up to&nbsp;14,285,714 Shares of Common Stock and</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>Accompanying Series A Warrants to Purchase
up to 14,285,714 Shares of Common Stock and Series B Warrants to Purchase up to&nbsp;14,285,714 Shares of Common Stock</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>Shares of Common Stock Underlying the Pre-Funded
Warrants and Series Warrants</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
are offering up to 14,285,714&nbsp;shares of our common stock together with Series A warrants to purchase up to 14,285,714 shares of
our common stock (the &ldquo;Series A Warrants&rdquo;) and Series B warrants to purchase up to 14,285,714&nbsp;shares of our common stock
(the &ldquo;Series B Warrants&rdquo;</FONT> and, together with the Series A Warrants, the &ldquo;Series Warrants&rdquo;) at an assumed
combined public offering price of $0.70 per share and Series Warrant, which is equal to the last reported sale price per share of our
common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on July 27, 2022, (and the shares of common stock that are issuable from time to time upon
exercise of the Series Warrants) pursuant to this prospectus. The shares of common stock and Series Warrants will be issued separately
but must be purchased together and the Series Warrants will be issued to purchasers in the ratio of one to one per share of common stock.
The Series A Warrants will be exercisable beginning on the date of issuance (the &ldquo;Initial Exercise Date&rdquo;), at an exercise
price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; per share and will expire on the five-year anniversary of the Initial Exercise Date. The
Series B Warrants will be exercisable beginning on the Initial Exercise Date, at an exercise price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
per share and will expire thirteen months from the Initial Exercise Date. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> We are also offering to those purchasers, if
any, whose purchase of our common stock in this offering would otherwise result in such purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain
related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately
following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity, in lieu of purchasing common stock, to purchase up to 14,285,714 pre-funded
warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. Each pre-funded warrant is being issued together with the same Series Warrants described
above being issued with each share of common stock. The purchase price of each pre-funded warrant will equal the price per share at which
shares of our common stock are being sold to the public in this offering, minus $0.0001, and the exercise price of each pre-funded warrant
will equal $0.0001 per share of common stock. Each pre-funded warrant will be exercisable upon issuance and may be exercised at any time
until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. The pre-funded warrants and Series Warrants must be purchased together but
are immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering. For each pre-funded warrant and accompanying Series Warrants
purchased in this offering in lieu of common stock, we will reduce the number of shares of common stock being sold in the offering by
one. Pursuant to this prospectus, we are also offering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Series Warrants and
the pre-funded warrants. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Each pre-funded warrant is exercisable for one
share of our common stock (subject to adjustment as provided for therein) at any time at the option of the holder until such pre-funded
warrant is exercised in full, provided that the holder will be prohibited from exercising pre-funded warrants for shares of our common
stock if, as a result of such exercise, the holder, together with its affiliates, would own more than 4.99% of the total number of shares
of our common stock then issued and outstanding. However, any holder may increase such percentage to any other percentage not in excess
of 9.99%, provided that any increase in such percentage shall not be effective until 61 days after such notice to us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have engaged H.C. Wainwright&nbsp;&amp; Co.,
LLC (the &ldquo;Placement Agent&rdquo;), to act as our exclusive placement agent in connection with the securities offered by this prospectus.
The Placement Agent has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to arrange for the sale of the securities offered by this prospectus.
The Placement Agent is not purchasing or selling any of the securities we are offering, and the Placement Agent is not required to arrange
the purchase or sale of any specific number of securities or dollar amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital
Market under the symbol &ldquo;APDN.&rdquo; The closing price of our common stock on July&nbsp;27, 2022, as reported by The Nasdaq Capital
Market, was $0.70 per share. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> The public offering price per share of common
stock and/or any pre-funded warrant, together with the Series Warrant that accompanies common stock or a pre-funded warrant will be determined
between us, the Placement Agent and the investors in this offering at the time of pricing, and may be at a discount to the current market
price. Therefore, the recent market price of $0.70 per share of common stock used throughout this prospectus may not be indicative of
the actual public offering price for our common stock, our pre-funded warrants and the Series Warrants. There is no established public
trading market for the pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend
to apply for the listing of the pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants on any national securities exchange. Without an active trading
market, the liquidity of the Series Warrants and the pre-funded warrants will be limited. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have agreed to pay the Placement Agent the Placement Agent fees set forth in the table below, which assumes that we sell all of the
securities offered by this prospectus. See &ldquo;<I>Plan of Distribution</I>&rdquo; on page&nbsp;39 of this prospectus for more
information regarding these arrangements.&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">There is no minimum number of shares of common
stock or pre-funded warrants or minimum aggregate amount of proceeds that is a condition for this offering to close.&nbsp;</FONT>We
may sell fewer than all of the <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants</FONT> offered
hereby, which may significantly reduce the amount of proceeds received by us, and investors in this offering will not receive a
refund if we do not sell all of the securities offered hereby. In addition, we have not specified a minimum number of securities or
amount of proceeds and we have not established an escrow account in connection with this offering. Because there is no escrow
account and no minimum number of securities or amount of proceeds, investors could be in a position where they have invested in us,
but we have not raised sufficient proceeds in this offering to adequately fund the intended uses of the proceeds as described in
this prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 88%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>Per
                                            <SUP>(1)</SUP><BR> Share and</B> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>Series
                                            Warrant</B> </P></TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>Per
                                            Pre-Funded<BR> Warrant and</B> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>Series
                                            Warrant</B> </P></TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"> Total </TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 49%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"> Public offering price </TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"> $ </TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> $ </TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> $ </TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Placement
    Agent fees<SUP>(2)</SUP>&nbsp;</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proceeds,
    before expenses, to us<SUP>(3)</SUP>&nbsp;</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"> $ </TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> $ </TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> $ </TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in"> (1)&nbsp;Based on an assumed public offering price of
$0.70 per share of common stock.&nbsp;The final public offering price per share of common stock or pre-funded warrant, together with
the Series Warrant that accompanies common stock or a pre-funded warrant, as the case may be, will be determined by the Company, Placement
Agent and the investors in this offering and may be a discount to the current market price of the Company&rsquo;s common stock. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">(2)&nbsp;We
have agreed to pay the Placement Agent a total cash fee equal to 7.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in this offering and to
reimburse the Placement Agent for its legal fees and expenses and other out-of-pocket expenses in an amount up to $50,000, and for its
closing costs in an amount of up to $15,950. See &ldquo;<I>Plan of Distribution</I>&rdquo; for a description of the compensation to be
received by the Placement Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-left: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Because there is no minimum number of securities or amount of proceeds required as a condition to closing in this offering, the actual public offering amount, Placement Agent fees, and proceeds to us, if any, are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the total maximum offering amounts set forth above. For more information, see &ldquo;<I>Plan of Distribution</I>.&rdquo;</FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Investing
in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; beginning on page&nbsp;11&nbsp;of this prospectus and
elsewhere in this prospectus for a discussion of information that should be considered in connection with an investment in our securities.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission
nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus.
Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The securities are not being offered in any jurisdiction where the offer is
not permitted.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Delivery of the securities offered hereby is expected
to be made on or about &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;, 2022, subject to satisfaction of certain
customary closing conditions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 16pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 16pt"><B>H.C. Wainwright&nbsp;&amp;
Co.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>The date of this Prospectus is&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; , 2022.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Table
of Contents</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%"><A HREF="#a_001"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">About
    this Prospectus</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_001"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">1</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_002"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Forward-Looking Statements</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_002"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">2</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_003"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Prospectus Summary</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_003">3</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_005"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Summary of the Offering</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_005"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">10</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#a_004"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Risk Factors</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_004"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">11</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp2_001"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Use of Proceeds</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp2_001"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">28</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp2_002"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Market Price of our Common
    Stock and Related Stockholder Matters</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp2_002"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">29</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp2_003"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Capitalization</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp2_003"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">29</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp2_004"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Dilution</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp2_004"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">30</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp2_005"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN
    BENEFICIAL OWNERS&nbsp; AND MANAGEMENT</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp2_005"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">31</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp2_006"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND
    RELATED TRANSACTIONS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp2_006"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">33</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp2_007"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Description of Securities</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp2_007"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">34</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp2_008"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">PLAN</FONT> <FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">OF
    DISTRIBUTION</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp2_008"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">39</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp2_009"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Experts</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp2_009"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">41</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp2_010"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Legal Matters</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp2_010"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">41</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp2_011"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Where you can find more
    information</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp2_011"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">41</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><A HREF="#Sp2_012"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Incorporation by Reference</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#Sp2_012"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">42</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_001"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>About
this Prospectus</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The registration statement of which this prospectus
forms a part that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;) includes exhibits that provide more
detail of the matters discussed in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the related exhibits filed with the SEC, together
with the additional information described under the headings &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information&rdquo; and &ldquo;Incorporation
by Reference&rdquo; before making your investment decision.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">You should rely only on the information provided
in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, in any prospectus supplement or in a related free writing prospectus, or documents
to which we otherwise refer you. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have not authorized any dealer, agent or other
person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus
and any accompanying prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus. You must not rely upon any information or representation
not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or an accompanying prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus.
This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, if any, do not constitute an offer
to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor do this prospectus
and any accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, if any, constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation
of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.
You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free
writing prospectus, if any, is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of such document or that any information
we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though
this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus is delivered or securities are sold
on a later date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have not done anything that would permit this
offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus or any free writing prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose
is required, other than in the United States. You are required to inform yourself about and to observe any restrictions relating as to
this offering and the distribution of this prospectus and any such free writing prospectus outside the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We further note that the representations, warranties
and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference in this prospectus
were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among
the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations,
warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should
not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">You should also read and consider the information
in the documents to which we have referred you under the caption &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information&rdquo; in this prospectus.
In addition, this prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference
is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents.
Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to
the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the
heading &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to &ldquo;Applied DNA,&rdquo; the &ldquo;Company,&rdquo; &ldquo;we,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;us&rdquo; and &ldquo;our&rdquo; refer to Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., a Delaware corporation, and our subsidiaries. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Our
trademarks currently used in the United States include Applied DNA Sciences&reg;, SigNature&reg; molecular tags, SigNature&reg; T molecular
tags, fiberTyping&reg;, DNAnet&reg;, SigNify&reg;, Beacon&reg;, CertainT&reg;, LinearDNA&trade;, Linea&trade; COVID-19 Diagnostic Assay
Kit and safeCircle</FONT></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><SUP>TM</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">&nbsp;COVID-19
testing. </FONT>Solely for convenience, trademarks and tradenames referred to in this prospectus may appear without the &reg; or &trade;
symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate in any way that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law,
our rights, or that the applicable owner will not assert its rights, to these trademarks and tradenames. We do not intend our use or display
of other companies&rsquo; trade names or trademarks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus contains and incorporates by reference
market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based on our own internal estimates as well as independent industry publications
and other publicly-available information. Although we believe these sources are reliable, we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness
of this information and we have not independently verified this information. Although we are not aware of any misstatements regarding
the market and industry data presented in this prospectus or the documents incorporated herein by reference, these estimates involve risks
and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the headings &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo;
in this prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated herein by reference. Accordingly, investors
should not place undue reliance on this information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_002"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Forward-Looking
Statements</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus, the documents incorporated by
reference herein and any &ldquo;free writing prospectus&rdquo; we have authorized in connection with this offering contain &ldquo;forward-looking
statements&rdquo; within the meaning of Section&nbsp;27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;)
and Section&nbsp;21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;), that are intended to qualify
for the &ldquo;safe harbor&rdquo; created by those sections. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements in other documents filed
with or furnished to the SEC, and our management and other representatives may make forward-looking statements orally or in writing to
analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Forward-looking statements can generally be identified
by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and include, but are not limited to, statements using terminology
such as &ldquo;can&rdquo;, &ldquo;may&rdquo;, &ldquo;could&rdquo;, &ldquo;should&rdquo;, &ldquo;assume&rdquo;, &ldquo;forecasts&rdquo;,
 &ldquo;believe&rdquo;, &ldquo;designed to&rdquo;, &ldquo;will&rdquo;, &ldquo;expect&rdquo;, &ldquo;plan&rdquo;, &ldquo;anticipate&rdquo;,
 &ldquo;estimate&rdquo;, &ldquo;potential&rdquo;, &ldquo;position&rdquo;, &ldquo;predicts&rdquo;, &ldquo;strategy&rdquo;, &ldquo;guidance&rdquo;,
 &ldquo;intend&rdquo;, &ldquo;seek&rdquo;, &ldquo;budget&rdquo;, &ldquo;project&rdquo; or &ldquo;continue&rdquo;, or the negative thereof
or other comparable terminology regarding beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions regarding the future. You should read statements
that contain these words carefully because they:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>discuss our future expectations;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial condition; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>state other &ldquo;forward-looking&rdquo; information.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe it is important to communicate our expectations.
Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this prospectus and incorporated by
reference into this prospectus, we caution you that these statements are based on our projections of the future that are subject to known
and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements
expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, to differ. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and our
actual results and the timing of certain events could differ materially from those discussed in forward-looking statements as a result
of certain factors, including those set forth under &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; and &ldquo;Prospectus Summary &ndash; Our Company&rdquo;
set forth in this prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Accordingly, our actual results and the timing
of certain events may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors
and risks, including, but not limited to, those set forth under &ldquo;Risk Factors,&rdquo; those set forth from time to time in our other
filings with the SEC, and the following factors and risks:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>our expectations of future revenues, expenditures, capital or other funding requirements;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the adequacy of our cash and working capital to fund present and planned operations and growth;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the substantial doubt relating to our ability to continue as a going concern;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>our business strategy and the timing of our expansion plans;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>demand for our Therapeutic DNA Production Services;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>our expectations concerning existing or potential development and license agreements for third-party collaborations and joint ventures;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>regulatory approval and compliance for our Therapeutic DNA Production Services;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the effect of governmental regulations generally;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>our expectations of when regulatory submissions may be filed or when regulatory approvals may be received;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>our expectations concerning product candidates for our technologies; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>our expectations of when or if we will become profitable.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any or all of our forward-looking statements may
turn out to be wrong. They may be affected by inaccurate assumptions that we might make or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties.
Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. Among the factors
that could affect future results are:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the inherent uncertainties of product development based on our new and as yet not fully proven technologies;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the risks and uncertainties regarding the actual effect on humans of seemingly safe and efficacious formulations and treatments when
tested clinically;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the inherent uncertainties associated with clinical trials of product candidates;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the inherent uncertainties associated with the process of obtaining regulatory clearance or approval to market product candidates;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the inherent uncertainties associated with commercialization of products that have received regulatory clearance or approval;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>economic and industry conditions generally and in our specific markets;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT> &nbsp;</TD><TD>we may conduct a reverse stock split of our common stock to meet the
requirements of Nasdaq which may adversely impact the market price and liquidity of our common stock;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the volatility of, and decline in, our stock price; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>our current lack of financing for operations and our ability to obtain the necessary financing to fund our operations and effect our
strategic development plan.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">All forward-looking statements and risk factors
included in this prospectus are made as of the date hereof, or in the case of documents incorporated by reference, the original date of
any such documents, based on information available to us as of such date, and we assume no obligations to update any forward-looking statement
or risk factor, unless we are required to do so by law. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be
drawn that we will make updates with respect to other forward-looking statements or that we will make any further updates to those forward-looking
statements at any future time. All forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. Our forward-looking
statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may
make. You should read this prospectus and the documents that we have filed as exhibits to this prospectus and incorporated by reference
herein completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from the plans, intentions and
expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any of the assumptions underlying the forward-looking
statements contained in this prospectus could prove inaccurate and, therefore, we cannot assure you that the results or events contemplated
in any of such forward-looking statements will be realized. Based on the significant uncertainties inherent in these forward-looking statements,
the inclusion of any such statement should not be regarded as a representation or as a guarantee by us that our objectives or plans will
be achieved, and we caution you against relying on any of the forward-looking statements contained herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_003"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Prospectus
Summary</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>This
summary highlights certain information about us, this offering and in the documents we incorporate by reference in this prospectus. This
summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our securities. After
you carefully read this summary, to fully understand our Company and this offering and its consequences to you, you should read this
entire prospectus including the information referred to under the heading &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; in this prospectus beginning on
page&nbsp;</I></FONT><I>11, as well as the other documents that we incorporate by reference into this prospectus, including our financial
statements and the notes to those financial statements, which are incorporated herein by reference from our <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057821000497/apdn-20210930x10k.htm">Annual
Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the year ended September&nbsp;30, 2021, filed on December&nbsp;9, 2021</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057821000536/apdn-20210930x10ka.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">as
amended by Amendment No.&nbsp;1 filed on December<U>&nbsp;</U>14, 2021</A>, as further <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822000063/apdn-20210930x10ka.htm">amended
by Amendment No.&nbsp;2 filed on January<U>&nbsp;</U>28, 2022</A>, our <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822000113/apdn-20211231x10q.htm">Quarterly
Report on Form&nbsp;10-Q for the three month period ended December&nbsp;31, 2021, filed on February&nbsp;10, 2022</A>, and our <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822001364/apdn-20220331x10q.htm">Quarterly
Report on Form&nbsp;10-Q for the three and six- month periods ended March&nbsp;31, 2022, filed on May&nbsp;12, 2022</A>. Please read
 &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information&rdquo; on page&nbsp;41</I>&nbsp;<I>of this prospectus.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Our Company</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Business Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Applied DNA Sciences is a biotechnology company
developing technologies to produce and detect deoxyribonucleic acid (&ldquo;DNA&rdquo;). Using the polymerase chain reaction (&ldquo;PCR&rdquo;)
to enable both the production and detection of DNA, we operate in three primary business markets: (i)&nbsp;the manufacture of DNA for
use in nucleic acid-based therapeutics (&ldquo;Therapeutic DNA Production Services&rdquo;); (ii)&nbsp;the detection of DNA in molecular
diagnostics testing services (&ldquo;MDx Testing Services&rdquo;); and (iii)&nbsp; the manufacture and detection of DNA for industrial
supply chain security services (&ldquo;DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our growth strategy is to primarily focus our resources on the further
development, commercialization, and customer adoption of our Therapeutic DNA Production Services, including the expansion of our contract
development and manufacturing operation (&ldquo;CDMO&rdquo;) for the manufacture of DNA for nucleic acid-based therapies and the development
of our own product candidates in veterinary health. To offset these development costs, we plan to leverage our MDx Testing Services and
our DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services business to generate cashflows.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Therapeutic DNA Production Services</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Through our LinearRx,&nbsp;Inc. (&ldquo;LRx&rdquo;)
subsidiary we are developing and commercializing the LinearDNA (&ldquo;linDNA&rdquo;) platform. The linDNA platform enables the rapid,
efficient, and large-scale cell-free manufacture of high-fidelity DNA sequences for use in nucleic acid-based therapeutics. The linDNA
platform enzymatically produces a linear form of DNA we call &lsquo;linDNA&rsquo; that is an alternative to plasmid-based DNA manufacturing
technologies that have supplied the DNA used in biotherapeutics for the past 40 years.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe our enzymatic linDNA platform has numerous
advantages over existing cell-based plasmid DNA manufacturing platforms. Plasmid-based DNA manufacturing is based on the complex, costly
and time-consuming biological process of amplifying DNA in living cells. Once amplified, the DNA must be separated from the living cells
and other process contaminants via multiple rounds of purification, adding further complexity and costs. Unlike plasmid-based DNA manufacturing,
the linDNA platform does not require living cells and instead amplifies DNA via the enzymatic process of PCR. The linDNA platform is
simple, with only four ingredient inputs, and can rapidly produce very large quantities of DNA without the need for complex purification
steps.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe the key advantages of the linDNA platform
include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Speed&nbsp;&ndash;
                                            Production of linDNA can be measured in terms of hours, not&nbsp;days and weeks as is the
                                            case with plasmid-based DNA manufacturing platforms.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Scalability&nbsp;&ndash;
                                            linDNA production takes place on efficient bench-top instruments, allowing for rapid scalability
                                            in a minimal footprint.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Purity&nbsp;&ndash;
                                            DNA produced via PCR is pure, resulting in only large quantities of only the target DNA sequence.
                                            Unwanted DNA sequences such as plasmid backbone and antibiotic resistance genes, inherent
                                            to plasmid DNA, are not present in linDNA.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Simplicity
                                            &ndash; The production of linDNA is streamlined relative to plasmid-based DNA production.
                                            linDNA requires only four ingredients, does not require living cells or complex fermentation
                                            systems and does not require multiple rounds of purification.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Flexibility&nbsp;&ndash;
                                            DNA produced via the linDNA platform can be easily chemically modified to suit specific customer
                                            applications. In addition, the linDNA platform can produce a wide range of complex DNA sequences
                                            that are difficult to produce via plasmid-based DNA production platforms. These complex sequences
                                            include inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) and polyadenylation sequences (poly (A)&nbsp;tail)
                                            important to gene therapy and mRNA therapies, respectively.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Preclinical studies have shown that linDNA is
substitutable for plasmid DNA in numerous nucleic acid-based therapies, including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>therapeutic
                                            and prophylactic DNA vaccines;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD> DNA
                                            templates for <I>in vitro </I>transcription to produce ribonucleic acid (&ldquo;RNA&rdquo;),
                                            including messenger RNA (&ldquo;mRNA&rdquo;); and </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>adoptive
                                            cell therapy manufacturing.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Further, we believe that linDNA is also substitutable
for plasmid DNA in the following nucleic acid-based therapies:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>viral
                                            vector manufacturing for <I>in vivo </I>and <I>ex vivo</I> gene editing;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>CRISPR-mediated
                                            homology-directed repair (&ldquo;HDR&rdquo;); and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>non-viral
                                            gene therapy.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">As of the fourth quarter of calendar 2021,
there were 3,483 gene, cell and RNA therapies in development from preclinical through pre-registration stages, almost all of which
use DNA in their manufacturing process. (Source: ASGCT Gene, Cell&nbsp;&amp; RNA Therapy Landscape: Q4 2021 Quarterly Report). Due
to what we believe are the linDNA platform&rsquo;s numerous advantages over legacy plasmid-based DNA manufacturing platforms, we
believe this large number of therapies under development represents a substantial market opportunity for linDNA to supplant plasmid
DNA in the manufacture of nucleic acid-based therapies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our linDNA is currently manufactured pursuant
to Good Laboratory Practices (&ldquo;GLP&rdquo;) that we believe are sufficient for pre-clinical discovery and development of
nucleic acid-based therapies. In addition, for indirect clinical use of linDNA (i.e., where linDNA is a starting material but is not
incorporated into the final therapeutic product, as is the case with the production of mRNA or certain viral vectors), we believe
that high-quality grade GLP linDNA is sufficient for clinical and commercial stage customers of our Therapeutic DNA Production
Services. For the direct clinical use of our linDNA (i.e., nucleic acid-based therapies where our linDNA is incorporated into the
final therapeutic product, as in the production of DNA vaccines, adoptive cell therapies and certain gene therapies) we believe
clinical and commercial stage customers of our Therapeutic DNA Production Services will generally require our manufacturing
facilities to meet current Good Manufacturing Practices (&ldquo;cGMP&rdquo;). We currently do not have any manufacturing facilities
that meet cGMP. We will need to develop and maintain manufacturing facilities that meet cGMP to support customers that wish to use
our linDNA for direct clinical use. In the longer term, we believe that  the development and maintenance of a cGMP manufacturing
facility for linDNA will benefit the entirety of our Therapeutic DNA Production Services business, in both direct and indirect
clinical applications.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our business strategy for the linDNA platform
is (i) to utilize our current GLP linDNA production capacity to secure CDMO contracts to supply linDNA to pre-clinical therapy
developers, as well as clinical and commercial therapy developers and manufacturers that are pursuing therapeutics that require the
indirect clinical use of linDNA; and (ii)&nbsp;upon our development of cGMP linDNA production facilities, to secure CDMO contracts
with clinical stage therapy developers and commercial manufactures to supply linDNA for direct clinical use.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, we plan to leverage our
Therapeutic DNA Production Services and deep knowledge of PCR to develop and monetize, ourselves or with strategic partners, one or
more linDNA-based therapeutic or prophylactic vaccines for the veterinary health market. Currently, we have in-licensed a
therapeutic DNA vaccine candidate against canine lymphoma, which accounts for up to 24% of all cancers in canines. Our lymphoma
vaccine candidate has been licensed from Takis S.R.L and EvviVax, S.R.L. for exclusive use by the Company in association with our
linDNA platform, and is subject to certain commercialization milestones. We believe the linDNA platform provides a
substantial advantage to the development and monetization of a therapeutic DNA vaccine against canine lymphoma.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>MDx Testing Services</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Through Applied DNA Clinical Labs, LLC
(&ldquo;ADCL&rdquo;), our clinical laboratory subsidiary, we leverage our expertise in DNA detection via PCR to provide and develop
clinical molecular diagnostics (&ldquo;MDx&rdquo;) testing services. ADCL is a New York State Department of Health (&ldquo;NYSDOH&rdquo;) Clinical
Laboratory Evaluation Program (&ldquo;CLEP&rdquo;) permitted, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments
(&ldquo;CLIA&rdquo;)-certified laboratory which is currently permitted for virology. In providing MDx testing services, ADCL employs
its own or third-party molecular diagnostic tests.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Under our MDx testing services, ADCL provides COVID-19 testing for
large populations marketed under our safeCircle<SUP>TM</SUP> trademark. Leveraging ADCL&rsquo;s customizable high-throughput robotic pooled
testing workflow and the Cleared4 digital health platform owned and operated by Cleared4 Inc. (the &ldquo;Cleared4 Platform&rdquo;), our
safeCircle testing service is an adaptable turnkey large population COVID-19 testing solution that provides for all aspects of COVID-19
testing, including test scheduling, sample collection and automated results reporting. Our safeCircle testing service utilizes high-sensitivity
robotically pooled real-time PCR (&ldquo;RT-PCR&rdquo;) testing to help prevent virus spread by quickly identifying COVID-19 infections within a community,
school, or workplace. Our safeCircle COVID-19 testing is performed using either the Company&rsquo;s internally developed Linea 2.0 RT-PCR
Assay, a NYSDOH conditionally approved laboratory developed test (&ldquo;LDT&rdquo;) or third-party emergency use authorization (&ldquo;EUA&rdquo;)-authorized
RT-PCR COVID-19 assays. Our safeCircle testing service also incorporates the Cleared4 Platform to enable large-scale digital test scheduling,
in-field sample collection and registration, and results reporting. By leveraging the combination of our robotic pooled workflows and
the Cleared4 Platform, our safeCircle testing services typically return testing results within 24 to 48 hours. We provide safeCircle testing
services to primary/secondary/higher education institutions, private clients, and businesses and college athletic programs primarily located
in New York State.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition to our safeCircle testing
services, we are currently developing and validating pharmacogenetics (&ldquo;PGx&rdquo;) testing services. Our PGx testing services will utilize
a 120-target PGx panel test to evaluate the unique genotype of a specific patient to help guide individual drug therapy decisions.
Our PGx testing services are designed to interrogate DNA targets on over 35 genes and provide genotyping information relevant to
certain cardiac, mental health and pain management drug therapies. We believe the economics of complex MDx testing services such as
PGx are more favorable to the Company as compared to high volume, low complexity MDx tests such as COVID-19 testing. Our PGx testing
services will require NYSDOH approval prior to initiating our patient testing services. If approved, we plan to commercialize our
PGx testing services by offering PGx clinical reference laboratory testing services to other clinical laboratories and healthcare
facilities nationwide.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Going forward, our business strategy for ADCL
is to leverage our deep knowledge of PCR to develop and commercialize high complexity, high value and differentiated MDx testing services
that will be offered to other clinical laboratories and healthcare facilities as clinical reference laboratory testing services. We believe
operating as a clinical reference laboratory has several advantages when compared to operating as a typical clinical non-reference laboratory,
including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the ability to leverage our deep expertise in PCR to develop and perform
high-value esoteric MDx testing services not performed by conventional clinical non-reference laboratories;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>reduced
                                            sample acquisition costs;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>reduced
                                            marketing costs; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>a national customer base that may lead to a larger total addressable market.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The clinical reference laboratory services market
is forecasted to have incremental growth of $26.0B between 2020 and 2025 with a 6.71% compound annual growth rate (&ldquo;CAGR&rdquo;).
We believe that the rapidly increasing number of specialized MDx tests for early disease detection, disease prognosis, disease risk, companion
diagnostics and personalized medicine will drive an increase in the demand for highly specialized MDx clinical reference laboratory services.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">By leveraging our expertise in both the manufacture
and detection of DNA via PCR, our DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services allow our customers to use non-biologic DNA tags manufactured
on our linDNA platform to mark objects in a unique manner and then identify these objects by detecting the absence or presence of the
DNA tag. We believe our DNA tags are not economically feasible nor practical to replicate, and that our disruptive tracking platform
offers broad commercial relevance across many industry verticals. The Company&rsquo;s core DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services,
which are marketed collectively as a platform under the trademark CertainT&reg;, include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>SigNature&reg;
                                            Molecular Tags, which are short non-biologic DNA taggants produced by the Company&rsquo;s
                                            linDNA platform, provide a methodology to authenticate goods within large and complex supply
                                            chains for materials such as cotton, leather, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and other products.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>SigNify&reg;
                                            IF portable DNA readers and SigNify consumable reagent test kits provide definitive real-time
                                            authentication of the Company&rsquo;s DNA tags in the field, providing a front-line solution
                                            for supply chain integrity backed with forensic-level molecular tag authentication. The Company&rsquo;s
                                            software platform enables customers to track materials throughout a supply chain or product
                                            life.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>fiberTyping&reg;,
                                            which uses PCR-based DNA detection to determine a cotton cultivar, and other product genotyping
                                            services that utilize PCR-based DNA detection to detect a product&rsquo;s naturally occurring
                                            DNA sequences for the purposes of product provenance authentication and supply chain security.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our DNA Tagging and Security Products and
Services are fully developed, highly scalable, and currently used in several commercial applications. To date, our largest
commercial application for our DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services is in the tracking and provenance authentication of
cotton. Cotton home textile products utilizing our DNA Tagging and Security Products and  Services are available in national
retail chains including Costco<SUP>&reg;</SUP> and Bed Bath&nbsp;&amp; Beyond<SUP>&reg;</SUP>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe that the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention
Act (&ldquo;UFLPA&rdquo;), signed into law on December&nbsp;23, 2021, may be helpful to increase demand for our DNA Tagging and Security
Products and Services. The UFLPA establishes a rebuttable presumption that any goods mined, produced, or manufactured wholly or in part
in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (&ldquo;XUAR&rdquo;) of the People&rsquo;s Republic of China are not entitled to entry to the
United States. The presumption applies unless the importer of record has complied with specified conditions and, by clear and convincing
evidence, shown that the goods were&nbsp;not produced using forced labor. On June&nbsp;17, 2022, an implementation strategy for the UFLPA
was published that listed DNA tagging as evidence that importers may present to potentially prove that a good did not originate in XUAR
or did not benefit from forced labor. Approximately 20% of the world&rsquo;s cotton garments contain cotton that originated in the XUAR.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our business plan is to leverage growing consumer
demand for product traceability and the newly enacted UFLPA to expand our existing partnerships and seek new partnerships for our DNA
Tagging and Security Products and Services with a focus on cotton and synthetic fibers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>Intellectual Property</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The proprietary nature
of and protection for our various technologies and know-how are important to our business. Our success depends in part on our ability
to protect the proprietary nature of our technologies and know-how, to operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of others
and to prevent others from infringing our proprietary rights. We seek and maintain patent protection in the United States and internationally
for our various technologies associated with our three primary business markets. We endeavor to patent or in-license technology, inventions
and improvements that we consider important to the development of our business. We also rely on trade secrets, know-how and continuing
innovation to develop and maintain our competitive position.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Because the development
of our Therapeutic DNA Production Services and MDx Testing Services businesses are at an early stage, our intellectual property portfolio
with respect to certain technologies associated with these businesses are also at an early stage. As further described below, we have
filed or intend to file patent applications on certain technologies associated with these business markets, and as we continue the development
of our technologies, we intend to identify additional means of obtaining patent protection that would potentially enhance commercial
success.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We cannot be certain
that patents will be granted with respect to any of our pending patent applications or with respect to any patent applications filed
by us in the future, nor can we be sure that any of our existing patents or any patents granted to us in the future will be commercially
useful in protecting our technology. Any of our intellectual property and proprietary rights could be challenged, invalidated, circumvented,
infringed or misappropriated, or such intellectual property and proprietary rights may not be sufficient to permit us to take advantage
of current market trends or otherwise to provide competitive advantages. For more information, see &ldquo;<I>Risk Factors&thinsp;&mdash;&thinsp;Risks
Related to Our Intellectual Property</I>.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">As of July&nbsp;1, 2022,
our patent portfolio included the following issued and pending patent applications applicable to each of our three primary business markets:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Therapeutic
                                            DNA Production Services</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">o</FONT></TD><TD>5
                                            issued patents and 10 pending patent applications in the United States</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">o</FONT></TD><TD>11
                                            issued foreign patents and 5 pending foreign patent applications</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>MDx
                                            Testing Services</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">o</FONT></TD><TD>5
                                            issued patents and 1 pending patent applications in the United States</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">o</FONT></TD><TD>4
                                            issued foreign patents and 1 pending foreign patent applications</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>DNA
                                            Tagging and Security Products and Services</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">o</FONT></TD><TD>28
                                            issued patents and 5 pending patent applications in the United States</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">o</FONT></TD><TD>47
                                            issued foreign patents and 14 pending foreign patent applications</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition to patent
protection, we also rely on trade secrets, know how, other proprietary information and continuing technological innovation to develop
and maintain our competitive position. In our Therapeutic DNA Production Services, we currently rely heavily on trade secret protection.
We seek to protect and maintain the confidentiality of proprietary information to protect aspects of our business that are not amenable
to, or that we do not consider appropriate for, patent protection. Although we take steps to protect our proprietary information and
trade secrets, including through contractual means with our employees and consultants, third parties may independently develop substantially
equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or disclose our technology. Thus, we
may not be able to meaningfully protect our trade secrets. It is our policy to require our employees, consultants, outside scientific
collaborators, sponsored researchers and other advisors to execute confidentiality agreements upon the commencement of employment or
consulting relationships with us. These agreements provide that all confidential information concerning our business or financial affairs
developed or made known to the individual during the course of the individual&rsquo;s relationship with us is to be kept confidential
and not disclosed to third parties except in specific circumstances. Our agreements with employees also provide that all inventions conceived
by the employee in the course of employment with us or from the employee&rsquo;s use of our confidential information are our exclusive
property. However, such confidentiality agreements and invention assignment agreements can be breached and we may not have adequate remedies
for any such breach. For more information regarding the risks related to our intellectual property, see &ldquo;<I>Risk Factors&thinsp;&mdash;&thinsp;Risks
Related to Our Intellectual Property</I>.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The patent positions of biotechnology companies like ours are generally uncertain and involve complex legal, scientific and factual questions.
Our commercial success will also depend in part on not infringing upon the proprietary rights of third parties. It is uncertain whether
the issuance of any third party patent would require us to alter our development or commercial strategies, or our manufacturing processes,
obtain licenses or cease certain activities. Our breach of any license agreements or our failure to obtain a license to proprietary rights
required to develop or commercialize our future products or services may have a material adverse impact on us. If third parties prepare
and file patent applications in the United States that also claim technology to which we have rights, we may have to participate in interference
or derivation proceedings in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, to determine priority of invention. For more information,
see &ldquo;<I>Risk Factors&thinsp;&mdash;&thinsp;Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property</I>.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Risk Factor Summary</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>This summary does not address all of the risks
that we face. Additional discussions of the risks summarized in this risk factor summary, and other risks that we face, can be found
below and should be carefully considered, together with other information in this prospectus before making investment decisions.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>There
                                            is substantial doubt relating to our ability to continue as a going concern.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>We
                                            have produced limited revenues. This makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects
                                            and increases the risk that we will not be successful.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Our
                                            new emphasis on Therapeutic DNA Production Services and MDx Testing Services may reduce our
                                            ability to maintain and expand our existing DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services
                                            businesses.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>We
                                            may encounter difficulties in managing our growth, and these difficulties could impair our
                                            profitability.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            we are unable to expand our DNA manufacturing capacity, we could lose revenue and our business
                                            could suffer.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Rapidly
                                            changing technology and extensive competition in synthetic biology could make the services
                                            or products we are developing obsolete or non-competitive unless we continue to develop new
                                            and improved services or products and pursue new market opportunities.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Our
                                            operating results could be adversely affected by a reduction in business with our significant
                                            customers.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Pharmaceutical
                                            and biologic products are highly complex, and if we or our collaborators and customers are
                                            unable to provide quality and timely offerings to our respective customers, our business
                                            could suffer.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Pharmaceutical
                                            and biologic-related revenue will be dependent on our collaborators&rsquo; and customers&rsquo;
                                            demand for our manufacturing services.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Our
                                            safeCircle<SUP>TM</SUP> COVID-19 testing service could become obsolete or its utility could
                                            be significantly diminished.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>We
                                            may be unable to consistently manufacture or source our products to the necessary specifications
                                            or in quantities necessary to meet demand on a timely basis and at acceptable performance
                                            and cost levels.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>We
                                            will need to develop and maintain manufacturing facilities that meet current Good Manufacturing
                                            Practices.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            we fail to successfully identify, finance and develop our linDNA platform, our commercial
                                            opportunities in pharmaceuticals and biologics may be limited.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>The
                                            markets for our drug and biologic candidates and synthetic DNA are very competitive, and
                                            we may be unable to continue to compete effectively in these industries in the future.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>The
                                            markets for our supply chain security and product authentication solutions are very competitive,
                                            and we may be unable to continue to compete effectively in these industries in the future.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>We
                                            compete with life science, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, some of whom are our
                                            customers, who are substantially larger than we are and potentially capable of developing
                                            new approaches that could make our products and technology obsolete or develop their own
                                            internal capabilities that compete with our products.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Our
                                            intellectual property rights are valuable, and any inability to protect them could reduce
                                            the value of our products, services and brand.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Pharmaceutical
                                            and biologic-related revenue is generally dependent on regulatory approval, oversight and
                                            compliance.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Our
                                            product candidates or the product candidates of our collaborators or customers may cause
                                            undesirable side effects or have other properties that could halt their clinical development,
                                            prevent their regulatory approval, limit their commercial potential, or result in significant
                                            negative consequences.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            the FDA were to begin to enforce regulation of LDTs, we could incur substantial costs and
                                            delays associated with trying to obtain pre-market clearance or approval and costs associated
                                            with complying with post-market requirements.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            we fail to comply with laboratory licensing requirements, we could lose the ability to offer
                                            our clinical testing services or experience disruptions to our business.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            we fail to comply with healthcare laws, we could face substantial penalties and our business,
                                            operations and financial conditions could be adversely affected.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            we are unable to continue to retain the services of Dr.&nbsp;Hayward, we may not be able
                                            to continue our operations.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>There
                                            are a large number of shares of common stock underlying our outstanding options and warrants
                                            and the sale of these shares may depress the market price of our common stock and cause immediate
                                            and substantial dilution to our existing stockholders.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            we fail to comply with the continuing listing standards of Nasdaq, our securities could be
                                            delisted, which could limit investors&rsquo; ability to make transactions in our common stock
                                            and subject us to additional trading restrictions.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            we are unable to obtain additional financing our business operations may be harmed or discontinued.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Management
                                            will have broad discretion as to the use of proceeds from this offering and we may use the
                                            net proceeds in ways with which you may disagree.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>The
                                            public offering price will be set by our board of directors and does not necessarily indicate
                                            the actual or market value of our common stock.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            you purchase the common stock or pre-funded warrants sold in this offering, you will experience
                                            immediate dilution as a result of this offering and future equity issuances.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There is no public market
    for the pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants being offered in this offering.</FONT> </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holders of pre-funded warrants
    or Series Warrants purchased in this offering will have no rights as common stockholders until such holders exercise their pre-funded
    warrants or Series Warrants and acquire our common stock.</FONT> </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The sale of our common stock
    and the Series Warrants in this offering could result in the reset of the exercise price of certain outstanding warrants.</FONT> </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
                                                                                                            <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&bull;</TD><TD>We may have conflicts of interest with our affiliates and related parties,
and in the past we have engaged in transactions and entered into agreements with affiliates that were not negotiated at arms&rsquo; length.</TD></TR>
                                                                                                            </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Corporate History</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We are a Delaware corporation, which was initially
formed in 1983 under the laws of the State of Florida as Datalink Systems,&nbsp;Inc. In 1998, we reincorporated in the State of Nevada,
and in 2002, we changed our name to our current name, Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. On December&nbsp;17, 2008, we reincorporated from
the State of Nevada to the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our corporate headquarters are located at the
Long Island High Technology Incubator at Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, New York, where we have established laboratories for
the manufacture and detection of DNA to support our various business units. In addition, this location also houses our NYSDOH CLEP-permitted,
CLIA-certified clinical laboratory where we perform MDx testing. The mailing address of our corporate headquarters is 50 Health Sciences
Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790, and our telephone number is (631) 240-8800.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">To date, we have produced limited recurring revenues
from our products and services, have incurred substantial expenses and have sustained significant losses. Moreover, we have concluded
that there is substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern and our auditors have included an explanatory paragraph
to that effect in their report for the year ended September&nbsp;30, 2021. Consequently, our operations are subject to all the risks
inherent in the establishment and development of a biotechnology company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> <B>Recent Developments</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"> <I>Preliminary Financial Information</I> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> The Company expects
estimated revenues for the third quarter of fiscal year 2022 ended June 30, 2022, to be in the range of $4.0 million to $4.3 million
compared to revenues of approximately $1.7 million in the third quarter of fiscal year 2021. For the nine-month period ended June 30,
2022, we expect estimated revenues to be in the range of $14.3 to $14.6 million compared to revenues of approximately $6.0 million for
the first nine months of fiscal year 2021. We estimate our loss from operations for the three-month period ended June 30, 2022 to be
in the range of $2.8 million to $3.1 million, compared to a loss from operations of $3.4 million for the three-month period ended June
30, 2021. We estimate our loss from operations for the nine-month period ended June 30, 2022 to be in the range of $9.6 million to $9.9
million, compared to a loss from operations of $8.8 million for the nine-month period ended June 30, 2021. Our cash balance as of June
30, 2022 was approximately $4.7 million. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> The preliminary financial
information included in this prospectus reflects management&rsquo;s estimates based solely upon information available to us as of the
date of this prospectus and is the responsibility of management. The preliminary financial results presented above are not a comprehensive
statement of our financial results for the quarter ended June&nbsp;30, 2022 and have not been audited, reviewed or compiled by our independent
registered public accounting firm, Marcum, LLP. Accordingly, Marcum, LLP does not express an opinion and assumes no responsibility for
and disclaims any association with such preliminary financial results. The preliminary financial results presented above are subject
to the completion of our financial closing procedures, which have not yet been completed. Our actual results for the quarter ended June&nbsp;30,
2022 will not be available until after this offering is completed and may differ from these estimates. Accordingly, you should not place
undue reliance upon these preliminary financial results. For example, during the course of the preparation of the respective financial
statements and related notes, additional items that would require material adjustments to be made to the preliminary estimated financial
results presented above may be identified. There can be no assurance that these estimates will be realized, and estimates are subject
to risks and uncertainties, many of which are not within our control. See &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; and &ldquo;Special Note Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements.&rdquo; The Company expects to issue full financial results for the third fiscal quarter of 2022 in mid-August. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"> <I>Successful Expression of linDNA Encapsulated
by Lipid Nanoparticles (&ldquo;LNPs&rdquo;) </I> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company, via its LRx subsidiary, has recently demonstrated the successful expression of linDNA encapsulated by LNPs <I>in vitro </I>and
in <I>in vivo </I>(mice studies). The LNP-encapsulated linDNA encoded generic reporter proteins. For the mice studies, successful expression
of the LNP-encapsulated linDNA was achieved via intramuscular (&ldquo;IM&rdquo;) injection administered without the use of concurrent
electroporation. This is the Company&rsquo;s first successful animal study using LNP-mediated IM delivery, and its first successful animal
study to achieve <I>in vivo </I></FONT>expression without the use of concurrent electroporation. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"> <I>Development of Monkeypox MDx Testing
Services </I> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> Via its ADCL subsidiary,
the Company is developing PCR-based MDx testing services for the Monkeypox virus. The testing services are being developed as a NYSDOH
LDT. Analytical validation of our Monkeypox testing services are currently underway. Once validation is complete, the Company will submit
its validation data to NYSDOH. Our Monkeypox testing services will require NYSDOH approval prior to initiating our testing services. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Available Information</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Because we are subject to the information and
reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, we file or furnish, as applicable, annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements
and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information
regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is www.sec.gov. We make available on our website
at www.adnas.com, free of charge, copies of these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material
with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The information in or accessible through the websites referred to above are not incorporated into, and
are not considered part of, this prospectus. Further, our references to the URLs for these websites are intended to be inactive textual
references only.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_005"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Summary
of the Offering</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 28%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Common stock
    to be offered</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 70%"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Up to
    14,285,714 shares of common stock on a &ldquo;best efforts&rdquo; basis.</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Pre-funded warrants
    offered by us in this offering</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We are also offering
    to each purchaser whose purchase of shares of common stock in this offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with
    its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of
    our outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to purchase, if the purchaser
    so chooses, pre-funded warrants, in lieu of shares of common stock that would otherwise result in the purchaser&rsquo;s beneficial
    ownership exceeding 4.99% of our outstanding common stock. Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of pre-funded warrants will not
    have the right to exercise any portion of its pre-funded warrants if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially
    own in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately
    after giving effect to such exercise. Each pre-funded warrant will be exercisable for one share of our common stock. The purchase
    price of each pre-funded warrant will equal the price per share at which the shares of common stock are being sold to the public
    in this offering, minus $0.0001, and the exercise price of each pre-funded warrant will be $0.0001 per share. This offering also
    relates to the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of any pre-funded warrants sold in this offering. For each pre-funded
    warrant we sell, the number of shares of common stock we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Description of Series Warrants</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We are issuing to purchasers of shares of our common stock and/or pre-funded
    warrants in this offering a Series A Warrant to purchase up to 1 share of our common stock and a Series B Warrant to purchase up
    to&nbsp;1&nbsp;share&nbsp;of our common stock for each share and/or pre-funded warrant purchased in this offering for a combined
    purchase price of $0.70. The Series A Warrants and the Series B Warrants are referred to herein together as the &ldquo;Series Warrants&rdquo;.&nbsp;Because
    a Series Warrant to purchase share(s)&nbsp;of our common stock is being sold together in this offering with each share of common
    stock and, in the alternative, each pre-funded warrant to purchase one share of common stock, the number of Series Warrants sold
    in this offering will not change as a result of a change in the mix of the shares of our common stock and pre-funded warrants sold.&nbsp;Each
    Series A Warrant will have an exercise price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;per share, will be exercisable
    upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance. Each Series B Warrant will have an exercise price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;per
    share, will be exercisable upon issuance and will expire thirteen months from the date of issuance. No fractional shares of common
    stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Series Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will round up to the next
    whole share. See &ldquo;Description of Securities &mdash; Series Warrants.&rdquo; This prospectus also relates to the offering of
    the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Series Warrants.</FONT> </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 28%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Common stock outstanding prior to this offering</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 70%"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8,982,520 shares</FONT>. </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Common stock to be outstanding after this offering</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">23,268,234&nbsp;shares (assuming no sale of any pre-funded warrants
    and assuming none of the Series Warrants issued in this offering are exercised).</FONT> </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 28%; font-size: 10pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Use of proceeds</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 71%; font-size: 10pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We estimate that the net proceeds
    to us from this offering will be approximately $9,040,696, after deducting the Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses
    payable by us and assuming no exercise of the Series Warrants. We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities
    for the further development of our Therapeutic DNA Production and MDx Testing Services, as well as general corporate purposes, which
    may include research and development expenses, capital expenditures, working capital and general and administrative expenses, and
    potential acquisitions of or investments in businesses, products and technologies that complement our business, although we have
    no present commitments or agreements to make any such acquisitions or investments as of the date of this prospectus. Pending these
    uses, we intend to invest the funds in short-term, investment grade, interest-bearing securities. It is possible that, pending their
    use, we may invest the net proceeds in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for us. See &ldquo;Use of Proceeds&rdquo;
    on page&nbsp;28 of this prospectus.</FONT> </TD></TR>

<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 28%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 70%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Risk factors</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">You should carefully
    read and consider the information set forth under &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; on page 11 of
    this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein before deciding to invest in our securities.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Lock-up agreements</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We and all of our
    executive officers and directors will enter into lock-up agreements with the Placement Agent. Under these agreements, we and each of
    these persons may not, without the prior written approval of the Placement Agent, offer, sell, contract to sell or otherwise dispose
    of or hedge common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stock, subject to certain exceptions. The
    restrictions contained in these agreements will be in effect for a period of 90 days after the date of the closing of this offering.
    For more information, see &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&rdquo; on page 39&nbsp;</FONT>of this
    prospectus.</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Market for common stock</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market
    under the symbol &ldquo;APDN.&rdquo;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Listing of pre-funded warrants and Series Warrants </B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We do not intend to list the pre-funded warrants or the Series Warrants
    on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. Without a trading market, the liquidity of the pre-funded warrants
    and Series Warrants will be extremely limited.</FONT> </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> The discussion and tables above are based on
8,982,520 shares of our common stock outstanding as of July&nbsp;27, 2022, which excludes shares of our common stock that may be issued
upon exercise of pre-funded warrants and Series Warrants issued in this offering, 1,063,143 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise
of outstanding options, 2,239,963 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants, 2,778,556 shares available for
grant under our Equity Incentive Stock Plans, as of such date, and shares of common stock initially issuable upon the exercise of the
Series Warrants to be issued pursuant to this prospectus. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_004"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Risk
Factors</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Investment
in our securities, including our common stock, Series Warrants, and pre-funded warrants, involves a high degree of risk. In addition
to the risks and investment considerations discussed elsewhere in this prospectus, any document incorporated by reference herein or any
 &ldquo;free writing prospectus&rdquo; we have authorized in connection with this offering, the following factors should be carefully
considered by anyone purchasing the securities offered by this prospectus. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only
ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business
operations. We also update risk factors from time to time in our periodic reports on </I></FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419018217/tv518228_10-ka.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Forms
10-K</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419039521/tv526857_10q.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">10-Q</A>
and <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419041661/tv528207_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">8-K</A>
which will be incorporated by reference in this prospectus. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business could be harmed.
In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline and investors could lose all or a part of their investment. All of
these risks could adversely affect our business, business prospects, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.</I> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>See also the statements contained under the
heading &ldquo;Forward-Looking Statements.&rdquo;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Risks Related to Our Business:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>There is substantial doubt relating to our ability to continue
as a going concern.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have recurring net losses, which have resulted
in an accumulated deficit of $290,712,648 as of March&nbsp;31, 2022 and $284,122,092 as of September&nbsp;30, 2021. We have incurred
a net loss of $14,278,439 for the fiscal year ended September&nbsp;30, 2021 and $6,480,708 for the six-month period ended March&nbsp;31,
2022. At March&nbsp;31, 2022 and September&nbsp;30, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $6,512,784 and $6,554,948, respectively.
We have concluded that these factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the issuance
of the financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, the report from our independent registered
public accounting firm for the year ended September&nbsp;30, 2021 includes an explanatory paragraph stating that our significant losses
and need to raise additional funds to meet our obligations and sustain operations raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue
as a going concern. We will continue to seek to raise additional working capital through public equity, private equity or debt financings.
If we fail to raise additional working capital, or do so on commercially unfavorable terms, it would materially and adversely affect
our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations, and we may be unable to continue as a going concern. Future reports
from our independent registered public accounting firm may also contain statements expressing substantial doubt about our ability to
continue as a going concern. If we seek additional financing to fund our business activities in the future and there remains substantial
doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, investors or other financing sources may be unwilling to provide additional funding
to us on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>We have produced only limited revenues.
This makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and increases the risk that we will not be successful.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our operations since
inception have produced limited revenues and may not produce significant revenues in the near term, or at all, which may harm our ability
to obtain additional financing and may require us to reduce or discontinue our operations. You must consider our business and prospects
in light of the risks and difficulties we will encounter as a company operating in a rapidly evolving industry. We may not be able to
successfully address these risks and difficulties, which could significantly harm our business, operating results, and financial condition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our opportunities in pharmaceuticals
and biologics will require substantial additional funding. We may not be successful in our efforts to create a pipeline of product candidates,
to develop commercially successful products, or to develop commercially successful biologic production. If we fail to successfully identify,
finance and develop product candidates and/or fail to develop commercially successful biologic production, our commercial opportunities
in pharmaceuticals and biologics may be limited.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We have no pharmaceutical
or biologic products approved for commercial sale and have not generated any revenue from pharmaceutical or biologic product sales. Identifying,
developing, obtaining regulatory approval and commercializing pharmaceutical and biologic product candidates and biologic production
will require substantial additional funding beyond our current available resources and is prone to the risks of failure inherent in drug
or biologic development. Developing product candidates and biologic production is expensive, and we expect to spend substantial amounts
as we fund our early-stage research projects, engage in preclinical development of early-stage programs and, in particular, advance program
candidates through preclinical development and clinical trials.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Investment in pharmaceutical
and biologic product development involves significant risk that any product candidate will fail to demonstrate adequate efficacy or an
acceptable safety profile, gain regulatory approval, and become commercially viable. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be
able to successfully advance any product candidates through the development process or, if approved, successfully commercialize any product
candidates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Even if we receive regulatory
approval to market any of our product candidates, we cannot assure you that any such product candidate will be successfully commercialized,
widely accepted in the marketplace or be more effective than other commercially available alternatives.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Even if we are able to
generate revenue from the sale of any approved pharmaceutical and biologic products, we may not become profitable and may need to obtain
additional funding to continue operations. Our failure to become and remain profitable would decrease the value of our Company and could
impair our ability to raise capital, expand our business, maintain our research and development efforts, diversify our pipeline of product
candidates or continue our operations, and cause a decline in the value of our common stock, all or any of which may adversely affect
our viability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our operating results could be adversely
affected by a reduction in business with our significant customers.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our revenue earned from
the sale of product and services for the six-month period ended March&nbsp;31, 2022 included an aggregate of 51% of our total revenue
from one customer. At March&nbsp;31, 2022, two customers accounted for an aggregate of 74% of our total accounts receivable. Our revenue
earned from the sale of products and services for the fiscal&nbsp;year ended September&nbsp;30, 2021 included an aggregate of 31% of
our total revenues from two customers. At September&nbsp;30, 2021, two customers accounted for an aggregate of 67% of our total accounts
receivable. Our revenue earned from the sale of products and services for the fiscal&nbsp;year ended September&nbsp;30, 2020 included
an aggregate of 46% of our total revenues from four customers. At September&nbsp;30, 2020, four customers accounted for an aggregate
of 74% of our total accounts receivable. Generally, our customers do not have an obligation to make purchases from us and may stop ordering
our products and services or may terminate existing orders or contracts at any time with little or no financial penalty. The loss of
any of our significant customers, any substantial decline in sales to these customers, or any significant change in the timing or volume
of purchases by our customers could result in lower revenues and could harm our business, financial condition or results of operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Fluctuations in quarterly results may
cause a decline in the price of our common stock.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our revenues and profitability
are difficult to predict due to the nature of the markets in which we compete, as well as our recent entry into new markets and products,
fluctuating user demand, the uncertainty of current and future global economic conditions, and for many other reasons, including that
our operating results are highly dependent on the volume and timing of orders received during a quarter, which are difficult to forecast.
Customers generally order on an as-needed basis and we typically do not obtain firm, long-term purchase commitments from our customers.
The quarterly fluctuations in operating results described above may cause a decline in the price of our common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>The ongoing military conflict between
Russia and Ukraine has caused geopolitical instability, economic uncertainty, financial markets volatility and capital markets disruption.
Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected by any negative impact on the capital
markets resulting from the conflict in Ukraine or any other geopolitical tensions.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In late February&nbsp;2022,
Russia invaded Ukraine, significantly amplifying already existing geopolitical tensions among Russia and other countries in the region
and in the west, including the United States. Russia&rsquo;s invasion, the responses of countries and political bodies to Russia&rsquo;s
actions, the larger overarching tensions, and Ukraine&rsquo;s military response and the potential for wider conflict have resulted in
inflation, financial market volatility and capital markets disruption, potentially increasing in magnitude, and could have severe adverse
effects on regional and global economic markets and international relations. The extent and duration of the military action, sanctions
and resulting market disruptions are impossible to predict, but could be substantial.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B><I>Third
parties may use our products in ways that could damage our reputation.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">After
our customers have received our products, we do not have any control over their use and our customers may use them in ways that are harmful
to our reputation as a supplier of synthetic DNA products. In addition, while we plan to establish a biosecurity program designed to
ensure that third parties do not obtain our products for malevolent purposes, we cannot guarantee that these preventative measures, once
instituted, will eliminate or reduce the risk of the domestic and global opportunities for the misuse of our products. Accordingly, in
the event of such misuse, our reputation, future revenue and operating results may suffer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our business could be adversely impacted
by inflation.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Increases
in inflation may have an adverse effect on our business. Current and future inflationary effects may be driven by, among other things,
supply chain disruptions and governmental stimulus or fiscal policies as well as the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine.
Continuing increases in inflation could impact the overall demand for our products, our costs for labor, material and services, and the
margins we are able to realize on our products, all of which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial position, results
of operations and cash flows.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>We may encounter difficulties in managing
our growth, and these difficulties could impair our profitability.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Currently, we are working
simultaneously on multiple projects, expanding our DNA manufacturing capacity as well as targeting several market sectors, including
activities in the diagnostics, therapeutics, and the product security sectors. These diversified operations and activities place significant
demands on our limited resources and require us to substantially expand the capabilities of our technical, administrative, and operational
resources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">If we are unable to manage
this growth effectively, our shipments to our customers could be impacted, our time and resources could be diverted from other products
and offerings and our business and operating results could suffer. Our ability to manage our operations and costs, including research
and development, costs of components, manufacturing, sales and marketing, requires us to continue to enhance our operational, financial
and management controls, reporting systems and procedures and to attract and retain sufficient numbers of talented employees. Failure
to attract and retain sufficient numbers of talented employees will further strain our human resources and could impede our growth.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our new emphasis on Therapeutic DNA
Production Services and MDx Testing Services may reduce our ability to maintain and expand our existing DNA Tagging and Security Products
and Services businesses.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our new emphasis on Therapeutic DNA Production
Services and MDx Testing Services may divert funding and our limited managerial and other resources from our existing DNA Tagging and
Security Products and Services businesses. This may have the effect of reducing opportunities to grow or maintain revenues in our existing
businesses while at the same time we may fail to achieve the revenues and growth we seek in our Therapeutic DNA Production Services and
MDx Testing Services business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>Risks Relating to Manufacturing, Development,
and Industries:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>If we are unable to expand our DNA manufacturing capacity, we
could lose revenue and our business could suffer.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In order to expand our manufacturing capacity
for our DNA production, including our linDNA platform, we need to either build additional internal manufacturing capacity, contract with
one or more partners, or both. Our technology and the production process for our DNA production are complex, involving specialized parts,
and we may encounter unexpected difficulties in the manufacture, improvement or increasing the capacity of our DNA production, and addressing
these difficulties may cause us to divert our time and resources from our other product offerings. There is no assurance that we will
be able to continue to increase manufacturing capacity internally or that we will find one or more suitable partners to help us towards
this objective, in order to meet the volume and quality requirements necessary for success in our existing and potential markets. Manufacturing
and product quality issues may arise as we continue to increase the scale of our production. If our DNA manufacturing equipment and tools
do not consistently produce DNA products that meet our customers&rsquo; performance expectations, our reputation may be harmed, and we
may be unable to generate sufficient revenue to become profitable. Any delay or inability in expanding our manufacturing capacity could
diminish our ability to develop or sell our DNA products, which could result in lost revenue and materially harm our business, financial
condition and results of operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Rapidly changing technology and extensive competition in synthetic
DNA could make the services or products we are developing obsolete or non-competitive unless we continue to develop and manufacture new
and improved services or products and pursue new market opportunities.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The synthetic DNA industry is characterized by
rapid and significant technological changes, frequent new product introductions and enhancements and evolving industry demands and standards.
Our future success will depend on our ability to continually improve the services we are developing and producing, to develop and introduce
new services that address the evolving needs of our customers on a timely and cost-effective basis and to pursue new market opportunities
that develop as a result of technological and scientific advances. These new market opportunities may be outside the scope of our proven
expertise or in areas which have unproven market demand, and the utility and value of new products and services developed by us may not
be accepted in the markets served by the new services. Our inability to gain market acceptance of existing products and services in new
markets or market acceptance of new products and services could harm our future operating results. Our future success also depends on
our ability to manufacture these new and improved products and services to meet customer demand in a timely and cost-effective manner,
including our ability to resolve manufacturing issues that may arise as we commence production of any new products and services we develop.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition, there is
extensive competition in the synthetic DNA industry, and our future success will depend on our ability to maintain a competitive position
with respect to technological advances. Technological development by others may result in our technologies, as well as products developed
using our technologies, becoming obsolete. Our ability to compete successfully will depend on our ability to develop proprietary technologies
and services that are technologically superior to and/or are less expensive than our competitors&rsquo; technologies and products. Our
competitors may be able to develop competing and/or superior technologies and processes and compete more aggressively and sustain that
competition over a longer period of time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Pharmaceutical and biologic products
and services are highly complex, and if we or our collaborators and customers are unable to provide quality and timely offerings to our
respective customers, our business could suffer.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The process of manufacturing
pharmaceutical and biologics and their components is complex, highly-regulated and subject to multiple risks.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Manufacturing biologics
is highly susceptible to product loss due to contamination, equipment failure, improper installation or operation of equipment, vendor
or operator error, inconsistency in yields, variability in product characteristics and difficulties in scaling the production process.
Even minor deviations from normal manufacturing processes could result in reduced production yields, product defects and other supply
disruptions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our ability to generate
revenue in the pharmaceutical and biologic market depends on our ability to manufacture products that meet exacting quality and safety
standards. If we are unable to manufacture these products to the required levels, it could have an adverse effect on our business, financial
condition, and results of operations and may subject us to regulatory actions, including product recalls, product seizures, injunctions
to halt manufacture or distribution, restrictions on our operations, or civil sanctions, including monetary sanctions and criminal actions.
In addition, we could be subject to costly litigation, including claims from our collaborators and customers for reimbursement for the
cost of our products or other related losses, the cost of which could be significant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>We will need to develop and maintain manufacturing facilities
that meet current Good Manufacturing Practices.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Since a primary focus of our business will be
contract manufacturing of synthetic DNA, it will be critical for us to be able to produce sufficient quantities of materials required
for the manufacture of our product candidates or the product candidates of our collaborators or customers for preclinical testing and
clinical trials, in compliance with applicable regulatory and quality standards. If we are unable to provide such manufacturing supplies
or fail to do so on commercially-reasonable terms, we may not be able to successfully produce sufficient supply of product candidate(s)&nbsp;or
we may be delayed in doing so. Such failure or substantial delay could materially harm our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our customers will rely on us for synthetic DNA
and other biological materials that are used in their discovery and development programs. These materials can be difficult to produce
and occasionally have variability from the product specifications. Any disruption in the supply of these biological materials consistent
with our product specifications could materially adversely affect our business. Although we have control processes and screening procedures,
biological materials are susceptible to damage and contamination and may contain active pathogens. We may also have lower yields in manufacturing
batches, which can increase our costs and slow our development timelines. Improper storage of these materials, by us or any third-party
storage facilities, may require us to destroy some of our biological raw materials or product candidates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We also face risks that we may fail to synthesize
and manufacture our customers&rsquo; product candidates in accordance with their product specifications, and the possibility of termination
or nonrenewal of the agreement by our customers at a time that is costly or damaging to us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, the FDA and other regulatory authorities
require that our products be manufactured according to cGMP and similar foreign standards relating to methods, facilities, and controls
used in the manufacturing, processing, and packing of the product, which are intended to ensure that biological products are safe and
that they consistently meet applicable requirements and specifications.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pharmaceutical manufacturers are required to register
their facilities and list their products manufactured after beginning drug manufacturing and then annually thereafter with the FDA and
certain state and foreign agencies. If the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority does not approve our customers&rsquo; product
candidates at any of our proposed contract manufacturer&rsquo;s facilities, or if we fail to maintain a compliance status acceptable
to the FDA or a comparable foreign authority, our customers may need to find alternative manufacturing facilities, which would significantly
impact our ability to supply our customers&rsquo; product candidates, if approved. Any discovery of problems with a product, or a manufacturing
or laboratory facility used by us or our strategic partners, may result in restrictions on the product or on the manufacturing or laboratory
facility, including marketed product recall, suspension of manufacturing, product seizure, or a voluntary withdrawal of the drug from
the market. We may have little to no control regarding the occurrence of such incidents.</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If we were unable to provide a solution in time,
our customers&rsquo; clinical trials could be delayed, thereby limiting our commercial activities associated with those products. The
sale of our customers&rsquo; products could contain other defects could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results
of operations. Any failure by us or another third-party manufacturers to comply with cGMP or failure to scale up manufacturing processes,
including any failure to deliver sufficient quantities of product candidates in a timely manner, could lead to a delay in, or failure
to obtain, regulatory approval of any of our customers&rsquo; candidates and, therefore, affect our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pharmaceutical manufacturers are also subject
to extensive pre- and post-marketing oversight by the FDA and comparable regulatory authorities in the jurisdictions where the product
is being studied or marketed, which include periodic unannounced and announced inspections by the FDA to assess compliance with cGMP
requirements. If an FDA inspection of our facilities reveals conditions that the FDA determines not to comply with applicable regulatory
requirements, the FDA may issue observations through a Notice of Inspectional Observations or a &ldquo;Form&nbsp;FDA 483&rdquo;. If observations
in the Form&nbsp;FDA 483 are not addressed in a timely manner and to the FDA&rsquo;s satisfaction, the FDA may issue a Warning Letter
or pursue other forms of enforcement action. Any failure by us or another contract manufacturers to comply with cGMP or to provide adequate
and timely corrective actions in response to deficiencies identified in a regulatory inspection could result in enforcement action that
could impact our ability to attract and maintain other contract manufacturing arrangements or lead to a shortage of our customers&rsquo;
products and harm our business, including withdrawal of approvals previously granted, seizure, injunction or other civil or criminal
penalties. The failure of us or another manufacturer to address any concerns raised by the FDA or foreign regulators could also lead
to plant shutdown or the delay or withholding of product approval by the FDA in additional indications, or by foreign regulators in any
indication. Certain countries may impose additional requirements on the manufacturing of drug products or drug substances, on us as contract
manufacturers, as part of the regulatory approval process for products in such countries. The failure by us or other third-party manufacturers
to satisfy such requirements could impact our ability to obtain or maintain contract manufacturing arrangements with our customers in
one or more countries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our business also depends
on the ability of our collaborators and customers to manufacture the pharmaceutical or biologic products that incorporate our products.
If the FDA determines that our collaborators and customers are not in compliance with FDA laws and regulations, including those governing
cGMP regulations, the FDA may deny New Drug Application (&ldquo;NDA&rdquo;) or Biologics License Application (&ldquo;BLA&rdquo;) approval
until the deficiencies are corrected. Even if our collaborators or customers obtain regulatory approval for any of their product candidates,
there is no assurance that they will be able to manufacture the approved product to specifications acceptable to the FDA or other regulatory
authorities, to produce it in sufficient quantities to meet the requirements for the potential launch of the product or to meet potential
future demand. If our collaborators or customers are unable to produce sufficient quantities for clinical trials or for commercialization,
commercialization efforts would be impaired, which would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations
and growth prospects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Pharmaceutical and biologic-related
revenue will be dependent on our collaborators&rsquo; and customers&rsquo; demand for our manufacturing services.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The amount of customer
spending on pharmaceutical and biologic development and manufacturing will have an impact on our sales and profitability in the pharmaceutical
and biologic market. Our collaborators and customers determine the amounts that they will spend based upon, among other things, available
resources, access to capital, and their need to develop new products, which, in turn, are dependent upon a number of factors, including
their competitors&rsquo; research, development and product initiatives and the anticipated market uptake, and clinical and reimbursement
scenarios for specific products and therapeutic areas. Consolidation in the pharmaceutical and biologic industry may impact such spending
as customers integrate acquired operations, including R&amp;D departments and manufacturing operations. Any reduction in spending on
pharmaceutical and biotechnology development and related services as a result of these and other factors could have a material adverse
effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
safeCircle</I></B></FONT><B><I><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><SUP>TM&nbsp;</SUP></FONT>COVID-19 testing service could become obsolete
or its utility could be significantly diminished.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Surveillance
testing is not regulated by the FDA and Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services (&ldquo;CMS&rdquo;) has stated that CLIA certification
is not required to conduct surveillance testing. ADCL is offering its safeCircle<SUP>TM</SUP> surveillance testing in compliance with
current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (&ldquo;CDC&rdquo;), FDA, CMS and NYSDOH recommendations. The regulatory framework
or recommendations regarding COVID-19 Surveillance Testing could change at any time. In addition, our pooled COVID-19 screening testing
is conducted via a NYSDOH conditionally approved LDT. In the event that NYSDOH revokes the conditional approval or declines to fully
approve the LDT, ADCL will be required to utilize a third-party EUA-authorized COVID-19 assay and potentially stop utilizing pooled testing.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Further, our COVID-19
testing may become obsolete for a variety of reasons, including an end to the current pandemic, mutations in the genome of the SARS-CoV-2
virus, or the development and widespread distribution of a vaccine, including the vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and
Johnson&nbsp;&amp; Johnson for which the FDA has granted emergency use authorization or approval. In addition, the utility of these services
will also diminish if positivity rates reach levels high enough to render surveillance testing ineffective or inefficient.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>We have limited experience producing
and supplying our products. We may be unable to consistently manufacture or source our products to the necessary specifications or in
quantities necessary to meet demand on a timely basis and at acceptable performance and cost levels.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">As we continue to scale
commercially and develop new products, and as our products incorporate increasingly sophisticated technology, it will become more difficult
to ensure our products are produced in the necessary quantities while maintaining quality. There is no assurance that we or our third-party
manufacturers will be able to continue to manufacture our products so that our technology consistently achieves the product specifications
and produces results with acceptable quality. Any future design issues, unforeseen manufacturing problems, such as contamination of our
or our manufacturers&rsquo; facilities, equipment malfunctions, aging components, quality issues with components and materials sourced
from third-party suppliers, or failures to strictly follow procedures or meet specifications, may have a material adverse effect on our
brand, business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition and could result in us or our third-party manufacturers losing
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) or quality management certifications. If our third-party manufacturers fail to maintain
ISO quality management certifications, our customers might choose not to purchase products from us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition, as we scale
our commercial operations, we will also need to make corresponding improvements to other operational functions, such as our customer
support, service and billing systems, compliance programs and internal quality assurance programs. We cannot assure you that any increases
in scale, related improvements and quality assurance will be successfully implemented or that appropriate personnel will be available.
As we develop additional products, we may need to bring new equipment online, implement new systems, technology, controls and procedures
and hire personnel with different qualifications.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">An inability to manufacture
products and components that consistently meet specifications, in necessary quantities, at commercially acceptable costs and without
significant delays, may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>We must continue to secure and maintain
sufficient and stable supplies of components and raw materials.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Certain disruptions in
supply of, and changes in the competitive environment for, components and raw materials integral to the manufacturing of our products
may adversely affect our profitability. We use a broad range of materials and supplies in our products. A significant disruption in the
supply of these materials could decrease production and shipping levels, materially increase our operating costs and materially and adversely
affect our revenues and profit margins. Shortages of materials or interruptions in transportation systems, labor strikes, work stoppages,
war, acts of terrorism or other interruptions to or difficulties in the employment of labor or transportation in the markets in which
we purchase materials, components and supplies for the production of our products, in each case, may adversely affect our ability to
maintain production of our products and achieve profitability. Unforeseen discontinuation or unavailability of certain components, such
as enzymes or nucleotides, each of which we currently primarily source from single supplier, could cause backorders as we modify our
product specifications to accommodate replacement components. If we were to experience a significant or prolonged shortage of critical
components from any of our suppliers and could not procure the components from other sources, we would be unable to manufacture our products
and ship them to our customers in a timely fashion, or at all, which would adversely affect our sales, margins and customer relations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><B><I>The markets for
our drug and biologic candidates and synthetic DNA are very competitive, and we may be unable to continue to compete effectively in these
industries in the future.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
principal markets for our drug and biologic candidates and synthetic DNA are intensely competitive. We compete with many existing suppliers
and new competitors continue to enter the market. Many of our competitors, both in the United States and elsewhere, are major pharmaceutical,
chemical and biotechnology companies, or have strategic alliances with such companies, and many of them have substantially greater capital
resources, marketing experience, research and development staff, and facilities than we do. Any of these companies could succeed in developing
products that are more effective than the product candidates that we have or may develop and may be more successful than us in producing
and marketing their existing products. Some of our competitors that operate in the nucleic-acid based therapeutic, biologics and DNA
manufacturing markets include: Precigen,&nbsp;Inc., Aldevron, LLC, Cobra Biologics, Limited,&nbsp;Integrated DNA Technologies,&nbsp;Inc.,
4basebio PLC, Ziopharm Oncology,&nbsp;Inc., MaxCyte,&nbsp;Inc., Touchlight Genetics Ltd., Generation Bio,&nbsp;Co., Novartis AG, Kite
Pharma,&nbsp;Inc., Juno Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc., Promega Corporation, OriGene Technologies,&nbsp;Inc., Blue Heron Biotech, LLC, Gene
Art, GenScript Biotech Corporation, and others.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We expect this competition
to continue and intensify in the future. Our competitors also compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management
personnel, as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for, our programs. Our commercial opportunities could
be reduced or eliminated if our competitors develop and commercialize drug and biologic candidates or other forms of therapeutic DNA
that are safer, more effective, have fewer or less severe side effects, are more convenient, or are less expensive than any drug and
biologic candidates and linearDNA that we may develop. Our competitors also may obtain FDA or other regulatory approval for their products
more rapidly than we may obtain approval for ours, which could result in our competitors establishing a strong market position before
we are able to enter the market. Additionally, drug and biologic candidates and other forms of therapeutic DNA developed by our competitors
may render our potential drug and biologic candidates and linear DNA uneconomical or obsolete, and we may not be successful in marketing
any drug and biologic candidates and linearDNA we may develop against competitors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">If any of these risks
occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be significantly harmed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>The markets for our supply chain security
and product authentication solutions are very competitive, and we may be unable to continue to compete effectively in these industries
in the future.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The principal markets
for our supply chain security and product authentication offerings are intensely competitive. We compete with many existing suppliers
and new competitors continue to enter the market. Many of our competitors, both in the United States and elsewhere, are major pharmaceutical,
chemical and biotechnology companies, or have strategic alliances with such companies, and many of them have substantially greater capital
resources, marketing experience, research and development staff, and facilities than we do. Any of these companies could succeed in developing
products that are more effective than the products that we have or may develop and may be more successful than us in producing and marketing
their existing products. Some of our competitors that operate in the supply chain security and product authentication markets include:
AlpVision Sa, Authentix,&nbsp;Inc., Brandwatch Technologies,&nbsp;Inc., Chromologic LLC, Collectors Universe,&nbsp;Inc., DataDot Technology
Limited, De La Rue Plc., Digimarc Corporation, DNA Technologies,&nbsp;Inc., Haelixa&nbsp;Ltd.,&nbsp;ICA Bremen GmbH,&nbsp;IEH Corporation,&nbsp;Informium
AG, opSec Security Group&nbsp;plc., MicroTag Temed&nbsp;Ltd., Nanotech Security Corp., Nokomis,&nbsp;Inc., Oritain Global Limited, SafeTraces,&nbsp;Inc.,
Selectamark Security Systems plc, SmartWater Technology,&nbsp;Inc., Sun Chemical Corporation, TraceTag International&nbsp;Ltd., TruTag
Technologies,&nbsp;Inc., Tailorlux gmbH and YottaMark,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We expect this competition
to continue and intensify in the future<B>.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B><I>We
compete with life science, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, some of whom are our customers, who are substantially larger than
we are and potentially capable of developing new approaches that could make our products and technology obsolete or develop their own
internal capabilities that compete with our products.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">The
market for biologics components products and services in the biopharmaceutical development, life science research, and diagnostics space
is intensely competitive, rapidly evolving, significantly affected by new product introductions and other market activities by industry
participants and subject to rapid technological change. We also expect increased competition as additional companies enter our market
and as more advanced technologies become available. We compete with other providers of outsourced biologics components products and services.
We also compete with the in-house discovery, development and commercial manufacturing functions of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.
Many of our competitors, which in some cases are also our customers, are large, well-capitalized companies with significantly greater
resources and market share than we have. They may undertake their own development of products that are substantially similar to or compete
with our products and they may succeed in developing products that are more effective or less costly than any that we may develop. These
competitors may be able to spend more aggressively on product and service development, marketing, sales and other initiatives than we
can. Many of these competitors also have:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>broader
                                            name recognition;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>longer
                                            operating histories and the benefits derived from greater economies of scale;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>larger
                                            and more established distribution networks;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>additional
                                            product and service lines and the ability to bundle products and services to offer higher
                                            discounts or other incentives to gain a competitive advantage;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>more
                                            experience in conducting research and development, manufacturing and marketing;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>more
                                            experience in entering into collaborations or other strategic partnership arrangements; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>more
                                            financial, manufacturing and human resources to support product development, sales and marketing
                                            and patent and other intellectual property litigation.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">These
factors, among others, may enable our competitors to market their products and services at lower prices or on terms more advantageous
to customers than we can offer. Competition may result in price reductions, reduced</FONT> gross margins and loss of market share, any
of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.
Additionally, our current and future competitors, including certain of our customers, may at any time develop additional products and
services that compete with our products and new approaches by these competitors may make our products, technologies and methodologies
obsolete or noncompetitive. We may not be able to compete effectively against these organizations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition, to develop
and market our new products, services, technologies and methodologies successfully, we must accurately assess and meet customers&rsquo;
needs, make significant capital expenditures, optimize our development and manufacturing processes to predict and control costs, hire,
train and retain the necessary personnel, increase customer awareness and acceptance of such services, provide high quality services in
a timely manner, price our products and services competitively and effectively integrate customer feedback into our business planning.
If we fail to create demand for our new products, services or technologies, our future business could be harmed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>The animal health industry is highly
competitive.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The animal health industry
is highly competitive. Our competitors include standalone animal health businesses, the animal health businesses of large pharmaceutical
companies, specialty animal health businesses and companies that mainly produce generic products. We believe many of our competitors are
conducting R&amp;D activities in areas in which we are developing products. Several new start-up companies also compete in the animal
health industry. We also face competition from manufacturers of drugs globally, as well as producers of nutritional health products. These
competitors may have access to greater financial, marketing, technical and other resources. As a result, they may be able to devote more
resources to developing, manufacturing, marketing and selling their products, initiating or withstanding substantial price competition
or more readily taking advantage of acquisitions or other opportunities. Further, consolidation in the animal health industry could result
in existing competitors realizing additional efficiencies or improving portfolio bundling opportunities, thereby potentially increasing
their market share and pricing power, which could lead to a decrease in our revenue and profitability and an increase in competition.
For example, many of our competitors have relationships with key distributors and, because of their size, the ability to offer attractive
pricing incentives, which may negatively impact or hinder our relationships with these distributors. In addition to competition from established
market participants, new entrants to the animal health medicines and vaccines industry could substantially reduce our market share, render
our products obsolete or disrupt our business model.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">To the extent that any
of our competitors are more successful with respect to any key competitive factor, or we are forced to reduce, or are unable to raise,
the price of any of our products in order to remain competitive, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be
materially adversely affected. Competitive pressure could arise from, among other things, more favorable safety and efficacy product profiles,
limited demand growth or a significant number of additional competitive products being introduced into a particular market, price reductions
by competitors, the ability of competitors to capitalize on their economies of scale, the ability of competitors to produce or otherwise
procure animal health products at lower costs than us and the ability of competitors to access more or newer technology than us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our research and development efforts
for new products may be unsuccessful.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We incur research and
development expenses to develop new products and technologies in an effort to maintain our competitive position in a market characterized
by rapid rates of technological advancement. Our research and development efforts are subject to unanticipated delays, expenses and technical
problems. There can be no assurance that any of these products or technologies will be successfully developed or that, if developed, will
be commercially successful. In the event that we are unable to develop commercialized products from our research and development efforts
or we are unable or unwilling to allocate amounts beyond our currently anticipated research and development investment, we could lose
our entire investment in these new products and technologies. Any failure to translate research and development expenditures into successful
new product introduction could have an adverse effect on our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition, research,
development, and commercialization of pharmaceutical and biologic products is inherently risky. We cannot give any assurance that any
of our pharmaceutical and biologic product candidates will receive regulatory approval, which is necessary before they can be commercialized.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our intellectual property rights are
valuable, and any inability to protect them could reduce the value of our products, services and brand.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our patents, trademarks,
trade secrets, copyrights and all of our other intellectual property rights are important assets for us. There are events that are outside
of our control that pose a threat to our intellectual property rights as well as to our products and services. For example, effective
intellectual property protection may not be available in every country in which our products and services are distributed. The efforts
we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may not be sufficient or effective. Any significant impairment of our intellectual property
rights could harm our business or our ability to compete. Protecting our intellectual property rights is costly and time consuming. Any
increase in the unauthorized use of our intellectual property could make it more expensive to do business and harm our operating results.
Although we seek to obtain patent protection for our innovations, it is possible we may not be able to protect all or some of these innovations.
Given the costs of obtaining patent protection, we may choose not to protect certain innovations that later turn out to be important.
There is always the possibility that the scope of the protection gained from one of our issued patents will be insufficient or deemed
invalid or unenforceable. We also seek to maintain certain intellectual property as trade secrets. The secrecy could be developed independently,
compromised by third parties, or disclosed, intentionally or accidentally, by our employees which would cause us to lose the competitive
advantage resulting from these trade secrets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Intellectual property litigation could
harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Litigation regarding patents
and other intellectual property rights is extensive in the drug and biotechnology industry. In the event of an intellectual property dispute,
we may be forced to litigate. This litigation could involve proceedings instituted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or the International
Trade Commission, as well as proceedings brought directly by affected third parties. Intellectual property litigation can be extremely
expensive, and these expenses, as well as the consequences should we not prevail, could seriously harm our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">If a third party claims
an intellectual property right to technology we use, we might need to discontinue an important product or product line, alter our products
and processes, pay license fees or cease our affected business activities. Although we might under these circumstances attempt to obtain
a license to this intellectual property, we may not be able to do so on favorable terms, or at all. Furthermore, a third party may claim
that we are using inventions covered by the third party&rsquo;s patent rights and may go to court to stop us from engaging in our normal
operations and activities, including making or selling our products. These lawsuits are costly and could affect our results of operations
and divert the attention of managerial and technical personnel. A court may decide that we are infringing the third party&rsquo;s patents
and would order us to stop the activities covered by the patents. In addition, a court may order us to pay the other party damages for
having violated the other party&rsquo;s patents. The drug and biotechnology industry has produced a proliferation of patents, and it is
not always clear to industry participants, including us, which patents cover various types of products or methods of use. The coverage
of patents is subject to interpretation by the courts, and the interpretation is not always uniform. If we are sued for patent infringement,
we would need to demonstrate that our products or methods of use either do not infringe the patent claims of the relevant patent and/or
that the patent claims are invalid, and we may not be able to do this. Proving invalidity, in particular, is difficult since it requires
a showing of clear and convincing evidence to overcome the presumption of validity enjoyed by issued patents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Because some patent applications
in the United States may be maintained in secrecy until the patents are issued, because patent applications in the United States and many
foreign jurisdictions are typically not published until eighteen months after filing, and because publications in the scientific
literature often lag behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that others have not filed patent applications for technology covered
by our or our licensor&rsquo;s issued patents or pending applications or that we or our licensors were the first to invent the technology.
During the ordinary course of our business, we do not conduct &ldquo;prior art&rdquo; searches before filing a patent application. Our
competitors may have filed, and may in the future file, patent applications covering technology similar to ours. Any such patent application
may have priority over our or our licensors&rsquo; patent applications and could further require us to obtain rights to issued patents
covering such technologies. If another party has filed a United States patent application on inventions similar to ours, we may have to
participate in an interference proceeding declared by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to determine priority of invention in the United
States. The costs of these proceedings could be substantial, and it is possible that such efforts would be unsuccessful, resulting in
a loss of our United States patent position with respect to such inventions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Some of our competitors
may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources.
In addition, any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could have a material adverse effect on
our ability to raise the funds necessary to continue our operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>A cybersecurity incident and other technology
disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We use technology in substantially
all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing, and the internet,
give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information.
Our business involves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property,
including information relating to customers and suppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information
about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess and identify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology
in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally, while we have implemented measures to prevent
security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirely effective. The theft,
destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference
with our information technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption,
negative publicity, brand damage, violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>Risks Related to Regulatory Approval of
Our Customer and Collaborator&rsquo;s Pharmaceutical and Biotherapeutic Product Candidates and Other Legal Compliance Matters:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Pharmaceutical and biologic-related
revenue is generally dependent on regulatory approval, oversight and compliance.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The sale and use of our
products and services in the pharmaceutical and biologic markets will generally be subject to regulatory approval and oversight, potentially
including approval and/or oversight in various foreign jurisdictions. In addition, our pharmaceutical and biologic products and services
may be incorporated into products that cannot be marketed in the United States or in many other jurisdictions without approval by the
FDA or comparable agencies of other countries or regions. Obtaining such regulatory approvals is costly, time-consuming, uncertain, and
subject to unanticipated delays. When, if ever, such approvals will be obtained is unknown. Our revenue in the pharmaceutical and biologic
markets is highly dependent upon obtaining such approval.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Federal
agencies, including the FDA and Federal Trade Commission, as well as state, local, and foreign authorities, also exercise ongoing review
and control of the manufacturing, packaging, labeling, advertising, sale, distribution, and monitoring of pharmaceutical and biologic
products. If our or our customers&rsquo; pharmaceutical or biologic product candidates or pharmaceutical or biologic products incorporating
our products are ever approved, failure to comply with any of these regulations or other requirements could also have an adverse effect
on our revenue in the pharmaceutical and biologic markets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition, veterinary
vaccines in the United States are subject to review and regulatory approval by the United States Department of Agriculture (&ldquo;USDA&rdquo;).
The USDA&rsquo;s Center for Veterinary Biologics is responsible for the regulation of animal health vaccines, including certain immunotherapeutics.
All manufacturers of animal health biologicals must show their products to be pure, safe, effective and produced by a consistent method
of manufacture as defined under the Virus Serum Toxin Act. Post-approval monitoring of products is required. Reports of product quality
defects, adverse events or unexpected results are submitted in accordance with the agency requirements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Pharmaceutical and biologic-related
revenue will be highly dependent on our collaborators&rsquo; and customers&rsquo; success in obtaining regulatory approval and commercializing
their products.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Some of our products will
be incorporated into our customers&rsquo; products in the pharmaceutical and biologic market that are subject to comprehensive regulation
by the FDA and other regulatory agencies in the United States and by comparable authorities in other countries. In the United States,
to obtain approval from the FDA to market any future pharmaceutical or biologic product that incorporates our technology, our collaborators
or customers will be required to submit an New Drug Application (&ldquo;NDA&rdquo;) or Biologics License Application (&ldquo;BLA&rdquo;).
Ordinarily, the FDA requires a company to support an NDA or BLA with substantial evidence of the product candidate&rsquo;s safety and
efficacy in treating the targeted indication based on data derived from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials, including Phase
III safety and efficacy trials conducted in patients with the disease or condition being targeted. The process of obtaining such regulatory
approvals is expensive, often takes many years if approval is obtained at all, and can vary substantially based upon the type, complexity
and novelty of the product candidate involved. Changes in the regulatory approval process during the development period, changes in or
the enactment of additional statutes or regulations, or changes in the regulatory review process may cause delays in the approval or rejection
of an application. There is no guarantee that our collaborators and customers will ever be successful in obtaining regulatory approval
for any product that incorporates our products or technology. Even if regulatory approval is received, the manufacturing processes, post
approval clinical data, labeling, advertising and promotional activities for any such product will be subject to continual requirements
of and review by the FDA and other regulatory bodies. Our business may be materially harmed by our collaborators&rsquo; and customers&rsquo;
inability to obtain or maintain regulatory approvals for their products of their failure to comply with applicable regulations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition, we will be
dependent on, and have no control over, consumer demand for the products into which our products are incorporated. Consumer demand for
our collaborators&rsquo; and customers&rsquo; products could be adversely affected by, among other things, delays in health regulatory
approval, the loss of patent and other intellectual property rights protection, the emergence of competing products, including generic
drugs or biosimilars, the degree to which private and government drug plans subsidize payment for a particular product and changes in
the marketing strategies for such products. The healthcare industry has changed significantly over time, and we expect the industry to
continue to evolve. Some of these changes may have a material adverse effect on our collaborators and customers and thus may have a material
adverse effect on our business. If the products into which our products are incorporated do not gain market acceptance, our revenues and
profitability may be adversely affected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>The regulatory approval processes of
the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities are lengthy, time consuming, and inherently unpredictable. If we are ultimately
unable to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, we will be unable to generate product revenue and our business will be
substantially harmed.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The time required to
obtain approval by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities is unpredictable, typically takes many years following the
commencement of clinical trials, and depends upon numerous factors, including the type, complexity and novelty of the product
candidates involved. In addition, approval policies, regulations, or the type and amount of clinical data necessary to gain approval
may change during the course of a product candidate&rsquo;s clinical development and may vary among jurisdictions, which may cause
delays in the approval or the decision not to approve an application. Regulatory authorities have substantial discretion in the
approval process and may refuse to accept any application or may decide that our data are insufficient for approval and require
additional preclinical, clinical or other studies. We have not submitted for, or obtained regulatory approval for any product
candidate, and it is possible that none of our existing product candidates or any product candidates we may seek to develop in the
future will ever obtain regulatory approval. Applications for our product candidates could fail to receive regulatory approval for a
variety of reasons. This lengthy approval process, as well as the unpredictability of the results of clinical trials, may result in
our failing to obtain regulatory approval to market any of our product candidates, which would significantly harm our business,
results of operations, and prospects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our or our customers&rsquo; product
candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could halt their clinical development, prevent their regulatory
approval, limit their commercial potential, or result in significant negative consequences.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Adverse events or other
undesirable side effects caused by our or our customers&rsquo; product candidates could cause us or regulatory authorities to interrupt,
delay, or halt clinical trials and could result in a more restrictive label or the delay or denial of regulatory approval by regulatory
authorities. Side effects related to a drug or biologic could affect patient recruitment, the ability of enrolled patients to complete
the study, and/or result in potential product liability claims.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Additionally, if one or
more of our or our customers&rsquo; product candidates receives marketing approval, and we or others later identify undesirable side effects
or adverse events caused by such products, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result. Regulatory authorities
may withdraw approvals of such product or impose restrictions on distribution. They may require additional warnings or contraindications
on the product label that could diminish the usage or otherwise limit the commercial success of the product. We or our customers may be
required to change the way the product is manufactured, be forced to suspend manufacturing the product or required to create a risk evaluation
and mitigation strategy (&ldquo;REMS&rdquo;).&nbsp;In addition, our reputation may suffer. Any of these events could prevent us from achieving
or maintaining market acceptance of the particular product candidate, if approved, and could significantly harm our business, results
of operations, and prospects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Even if we or our customers obtain regulatory
approval for a product candidate, our products will remain subject to extensive regulatory scrutiny.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">If any of our or our customers&rsquo;
product candidates are approved, they will be subject to ongoing regulatory requirements for manufacturing, labeling, packaging, storage,
advertising, promotion, sampling, record-keeping, conduct of post-marketing studies, and submission of safety, efficacy, and other post-market
information, including both federal and state requirements in the United States and requirements of comparable foreign regulatory authorities.
Ongoing regulatory requirements include ensuring that quality control and manufacturing and production procedures conform to cGMP regulations,
and we will be subject to continual review and inspections to assess compliance with cGMP regulations and adherence to commitments made
in any regulatory filings. Accordingly, we and others with whom we work must continue to expend time, money, and effort in all areas of
regulatory compliance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Any regulatory approvals
that we or our customers receive for our products will be subject to limitations on the approved indicated uses for which the product
may be marketed and promoted or to the conditions of approval (including the requirement to implement a REMS), or contain requirements
for potentially costly post-marketing testing. Any new legislation addressing drug or biologic safety issues could result in delays in
product development or commercialization, or increased costs to assure manufacturing compliance. The FDA and other agencies, including
the Department of Justice, closely regulate and monitor the post-approval marketing and promotion of products to ensure that they are
manufactured, marketed and distributed only for the approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.
Promotional communications with respect to prescription drugs and biologics are subject to a variety of legal and regulatory restrictions
and must be consistent with the information in the product&rsquo;s approved label. The holder of an approved NDA must submit new or supplemental
applications and obtain approval for certain changes to the approved product, product labeling, or manufacturing process. We could also
be asked to conduct post-marketing manufacturing changes to verify the safety and efficacy of our products in general. An unsuccessful
post-marketing study or failure to complete such a study could result in the withdrawal of marketing approval and thereby affect the need
for our manufacturing services.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">If a regulatory agency
discovers previously unknown problems with a product, such as adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or problems with
the facility where the product is manufactured, or disagrees with the promotion, marketing or labeling of a product, such regulatory agency
may impose restrictions on that product or us, including, but not limited to, requiring withdrawal or recall of the product from the market,
imposing civil or criminal penalties, and imposing restrictions on ability to continue to manufacture the product(s). Any government investigation
of alleged violations of law could require us to expend significant time and resources in response, and could generate negative publicity.
Any failure to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements may significantly and adversely affect our and our customers&rsquo; ability
to commercialize and generate revenue from our products. If regulatory sanctions are applied or if regulatory approval is withdrawn, the
value of our Company and our operating results will be adversely affected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition, the FDA&rsquo;s
regulations, policies or guidance may change and new or additional statutes or government regulations in the United States and other jurisdictions
may be enacted that could further restrict or regulate our post-approval manufacturing activities. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature
or extent of adverse government regulation that may arise from pending or future legislation or administrative action. If we are not able
to achieve and maintain regulatory compliance, we may not be permitted to continue manufacturing products for our customers&rsquo; products
and/or product candidates, which would adversely affect our ability to generate revenue and achieve or maintain profitability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>If the FDA were to begin to enforce
regulation of LDTs, we could incur substantial costs and delays associated with trying to obtain pre-market clearance or approval and
costs associated with complying with post-market requirements.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">As an LDT, our MDx
Testing Services are currently subject to enforcement discretion by the FDA. In October&nbsp; 2014, the FDA issued two draft
guidance documents: &ldquo;Framework for Regulatory Oversight of Laboratory Developed Tests,&rdquo; which provides an overview of
how the FDA would regulate LDTs through a risk-based approach, and &ldquo;FDA Notification and Medical Device Reporting for
Laboratory Developed Tests&rdquo;, which provides guidance on how the FDA intends to collect information on existing LDTs, including
adverse event reports. Pursuant to the Framework for Regulatory Oversight draft guidance, LDT manufacturers would be subject to
medical device registration, listing, and adverse event reporting requirements. Many LDT manufacturers would be required to either
submit a pre-market application and receive the FDA&rsquo;s approval before an LDT may be marketed or submit a pre-market
notification in advance of marketing. The Framework for Regulatory Oversight draft guidance states that within six months after the
guidance documents are finalized, all laboratories will be required to give notice to the FDA. On November 18, 2016, however,
the FDA announced that it would not release final versions of these guidance documents and would instead continue to work with
stakeholders, the new administration and Congress to determine the right approach. On January 13, 2017, the FDA released a
discussion paper on LDTs outlining a possible risk-based approach for FDA and CMS oversight of LDTs. According to the 2017
discussion paper, previously marketed LDTs would not be expected to comply with most or all FDA oversight requirements
(grandfathering), except for adverse event and malfunction reporting. In addition, certain new and significantly modified LDTs would
not be expected to comply with pre-market review unless the agency determines such tests could lead to patient harm. Since LDTs
currently on the market would be grandfathered in, pre-market review of new and significantly modified LDTs could be phased-in over
a four-year period, as opposed to the nine years proposed in the Framework for Regulatory Oversight draft guidance. In addition,
tests introduced after the effective date, but before their phase-in date, could continue to be offered during pre-market
review.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The discussion paper notes
that the FDA would focus on analytical and clinical validity as the basis for marketing authorization. The FDA anticipates laboratories
that already conduct proper validation should not be expected to experience new costs for validating their tests to support marketing
authorization and laboratories that conduct appropriate evaluations would not have to collect additional data to demonstrate analytical
validity for FDA clearance or approval. The evidence of the analytical and clinical validity of all LDTs would be made publicly available.
LDT manufacturers would be encouraged to submit prospective change protocols in their pre-market submission that outline specific types
of anticipated changes, the procedures that will be followed to implement them, and the criteria that will be met prior to implementation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition,
legislative proposals addressing the FDA&rsquo;s oversight of LDTs have been introduced in Congress. For example, in March 2020, the
 &ldquo;Verifying Accurate Leading-edge IVCT Development Act of 2020,&rdquo; or VALID Act, was officially introduced in Congress. The
bill proposes a risk-based approach that would subject many LDTs to FDA regulation by creating a new in vitro clinical test, or
IVCT, category of regulated products. As proposed, the bill grandfathers many existing LDTs from the proposed premarket approval,
quality systems, and labeling requirements, respectively, but would require such tests to comply with other regulatory requirements
(e.g., registration and listing, adverse event reporting). The VALID Act was re-introduced in a slightly modified form in
June 2021, and the bill continues to be the subject of active discussions. However, we cannot predict if this (or any other
bill) will be enacted in its current (or any other) form and cannot quantify the effect of such proposals on our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>If we fail to comply with laboratory
licensing requirements, we could lose the ability to offer our clinical testing services or experience disruptions to our business.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">CLIA is a federal law
regulating clinical laboratories that perform testing on specimens derived from humans for the purpose of providing information for the
diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease. CLIA is intended to ensure the quality and reliability of clinical laboratories in the
United States by mandating specific standards in the areas of personnel qualifications, administration, and participation in proficiency
testing, patient test management, quality control, quality assurance and inspections. Clinical laboratories must be certified under CLIA
in order to perform testing on human specimens, unless they fall within an exception to CLIA certification, such as research laboratories
that test human specimens but do not report patient-specific results for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of any disease or impairment
of, or the assessment of the health of individual patients. CLIA certification is also required to be eligible to bill Federal and State
healthcare programs, as well as many private third-party payers, for diagnostic testing and services. Currently, we are supplying our
iCTC capture assay and associated testing services under the research exception to CLIA. If we expand our laboratory testing services
so that the research exception no longer applies to our iCTC capture, we will no longer be able to offer these services. Further, if we
fail to comply with the CLIA research exception with respect to our iCTC capture assay, we could be found to have violated FDA or CLIA
regulations or guidances and could have to stop offering these services and potentially be assessed substantial penalties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Healthcare legislative measures aimed
at reducing healthcare costs may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Third party payors are
developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling healthcare costs. In both the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions,
there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the health care system that could impact our ability to sell our products
profitably. In particular, in the United States in 2010, the ACA was enacted. In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed
and adopted in the United States since the ACA was enacted. The repeal of or changes in some or all of the ACA and complying with any
new legislation or reversing changes implemented under the ACA could be time-intensive and expensive, resulting in a material adverse
effect on our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">There have been, and likely
will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the foreign, federal and state levels directed at containing or lowering
the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuing efforts of the government,
insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare and/or
impose price controls may adversely affect the demand for our product candidates, if we obtain regulatory approval, including: our ability
to receive or set a price that we believe is fair for our products; our ability to generate revenue and achieve or maintain profitability;
the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and the availability of capital. We expect that the ACA, as well as other healthcare reform
measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, more rigorous
coverage criteria, lower reimbursement, and new payment methodologies. This could lower the price that we receive for any approved product.
Any denial in coverage or reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government-funded programs may result in a similar denial
or reduction in payments from private payors, which may prevent us from being able to generate sufficient revenue, attain profitability
or commercialize our product candidates, if approved.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our employees, independent contractors,
consultants, commercial partners and vendors may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including non-compliance with regulatory
standards and requirements.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We are exposed to the
risk of fraud, misconduct or other illegal activity by our employees, independent contractors, consultants, commercial partners and vendors.
Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless and negligent conduct that fails to: comply with applicable laws and regulations
of the FDA and other comparable foreign regulatory authorities; provide true, complete and accurate information to the FDA and other comparable
foreign regulatory authorities; comply with manufacturing standards we have established; comply with healthcare fraud and abuse laws in
the United States and similar foreign fraudulent misconduct laws; or report financial information or data accurately or to disclose unauthorized
activities to us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">If we or our customers
obtain FDA approval of any of our products and begin commercializing those products in the United States, our potential exposure under
such laws will increase significantly, and our costs associated with compliance with such laws are also likely to increase. We have adopted
a code of business conduct and ethics, but it is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by employees and third parties,
and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses
or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such
laws. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions
could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of significant fines or other sanctions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>If we fail to comply with healthcare
laws, we could face substantial penalties and our business, operations and financial conditions could be adversely affected.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Healthcare providers,
physicians and payors play a primary role in the recommendation and prescription of any product candidates for which our customers may
obtain marketing approval. Restrictions under applicable federal, state and foreign healthcare laws and regulations may affect our ability
to operate and expose us to areas of risk, including activities that potentially harm consumers and analogous state and foreign laws and
regulations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Because of the breadth
of these laws and the narrowness of the statutory exceptions and safe harbors available, it is possible that some of our business activities
could, despite our efforts to comply, be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws. Efforts to ensure that our business arrangements
will comply with applicable healthcare laws may involve substantial costs. It is possible that governmental and enforcement authorities
will conclude that our business practices may not comply with current or future statutes, regulations or case law interpreting applicable
healthcare laws and regulations. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting
our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of civil, criminal and administrative
penalties, damages, disgorgement, monetary fines, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, and
curtailment of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations.
In addition, the approval and commercialization of any of our customers&rsquo; product candidates outside the United States will also
likely subject us to foreign equivalents of the healthcare laws mentioned above, among other foreign laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>Risks Related to Personnel:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Our failure to manage our growth in
operations and acquisitions of new product lines and new businesses could harm our business.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The recent growth in our
operations could place a significant strain on our current management resources. We have a limited number of personnel and expect to continue
to have a limited number of personnel for the foreseeable future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">To manage such growth,
we may need to improve our:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>operations and financial systems;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>procedures and controls; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>training and management of our employees.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>If we are unable to continue to retain
the services of Dr.&nbsp;Hayward, we may not be able to continue our operations.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our success depends
to a significant extent upon the continued service of Dr.&nbsp;James A. Hayward, our CEO. On July 28, 2016, we entered into an
employment agreement with Dr.&nbsp;Hayward. The initial term was from July 1, 2016 through June 30, 2017, with
automatic one-year renewal periods. As of June 30, 2022, the employment contract automatically renewed for an
additional year. Loss of the services of Dr.&nbsp;Hayward could significantly harm our business, results of operations and
financial condition. We do not maintain key-person insurance on the life of Dr.&nbsp;Hayward.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>We may have conflicts of interest with
our affiliates and related parties, and in the past we have engaged in transactions and entered into agreements with affiliates that were
not negotiated at arms&rsquo; length.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We have engaged, and may
in the future engage, in transactions with affiliates and other related parties. These transactions may not have been, and may not be,
on terms as favorable to us as they could have been if obtained from non-affiliated persons. While an effort has been made, and will continue
to be made, to enter into transactions with affiliated persons and other related parties at rates and on terms as favorable as would be
charged by others, there will always be an inherent conflict of interest between our interests and those of our affiliates and related
parties. The Company may be adversely impacted if any related party agreement or transaction is made on unfavorable terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>Risks Relating to Our Common Stock and
Other Securities:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>There are a large number of shares of
common stock underlying our outstanding options and warrants and the sale of these shares may depress the market price of our common stock
and cause immediate and substantial dilution to our existing stockholders.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> As of July 27, 2022,
we had 8,982,520 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, outstanding options to purchase 1,063,143 shares of common stock, outstanding
warrants to purchase 2,239,963 shares of common stock, and 2,778,556 shares available for grant under our 2005 and 2020 Equity Incentive
Plans. The issuance of shares upon exercise of our outstanding options and warrants will cause immediate and substantial dilution to
our stockholders and any sale thereof may depress the market price of our common stock. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>We may be required to repurchase certain
of our warrants.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Under our warrants sold
privately that have registration rights, in the event of a &ldquo;Fundamental Transaction&rdquo; (as defined in the related warrant agreement,
which generally includes any merger with another entity, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets
to another entity, or the acquisition by a person of more than 50% of our common stock), each warrant holder will have the right at any
time prior to the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction to require us to repurchase the warrant for a purchase price in cash equal
to the Black Scholes value (as calculated under the warrant agreement) of the then remaining unexercised portion of such warrant on the
date of such Fundamental Transaction, which may materially adversely affect our financial condition and/or results of operations and may
prevent or deter a third party from acquiring us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>If we fail to comply with the continuing
listing standards of Nasdaq, our securities could be delisted, which could limit investors&rsquo; ability to make transactions in our
common stock and subject us to additional trading restrictions.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> Our common stock is
listed on Nasdaq under the symbol &ldquo;APDN&rdquo;. For our common stock to continue to be listed on Nasdaq, we must meet the current
continued listing requirements, which provide, among other things, that a company may be delisted if the bid price of its stock drops
below $1.00 for a period of 30 consecutive business days. As of July 27, 2022, the closing price of our common stock was $0.70 per share,
and we believe that the minimum bid price fell below $1.00 for a period of twenty-four (24) consecutive trading days as of July 27, 2022. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We may in the future decide
to enact a reverse stock split to comply with Nasdaq&rsquo;s minimum bid price requirement. However, even if we enact such a reverse stock
split, there can be no assurance that we would be able to maintain compliance with Nasdaq&rsquo;s minimum bid price or other listing requirements.
If we were unable to meet these requirements, our common stock could be delisted from Nasdaq. The effect of a reverse stock split on the
market price of our common stock cannot be predicted with any certainty, and the history of similar reverse stock split combinations for
companies in like circumstances is varied. It is possible that the per share price of the common stock after the reverse stock split will
not rise in proportion to the reduction in the number of shares of the common stock outstanding resulting from the reverse stock split,
effectively reducing our market capitalization, and there can be no assurance that the market price per post-reverse split share will
either exceed or remain in excess of the Nasdaq prescribed minimum bid price for a sustained period of time. The market price of our common
stock may vary based on other factors that are unrelated to the number of shares outstanding, including our future performance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">If our common stock were
to be delisted from Nasdaq, our common stock could begin to trade on one of the markets operated by OTC Markets Group, including OTCQX,
OTCQB or OTC Pink (formerly known as the &ldquo;pink sheets&rdquo;), as the case may be. In such event, our common stock could be subject
to the &ldquo;penny stock&rdquo; rules which among other things require brokers or dealers to approve investors&rsquo; accounts,
receive written agreements and determine investor suitability for transactions and disclose risks relating to investing in the penny stock
market. Any such delisting of our common stock could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading
market for our common stock, not only in terms of the number of shares that can be bought and sold at a given price, but also through
delays in the timing of transactions and less coverage of us by securities analysts, if any. Also, if in the future we were to determine
that we need to seek additional equity capital, it could have an adverse effect on our ability to raise capital in the public or private
equity markets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Any material weaknesses in our internal
control over financial reporting in the future could adversely affect investor confidence, impair the value of our common stock and increase
our cost of raising capital.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Any failure to remedy
deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that may be discovered or our failure to implement new or improved controls,
or difficulties encountered in the implementation of such controls, could harm our operating results, cause us to fail to meet our reporting
obligations or result in material misstatements in our financial statements. Any such failure could, in turn, affect the future ability
of our management to certify that internal control over our financial reporting is effective. Inferior internal control over financial
reporting could also subject us to the scrutiny of the SEC and other regulatory bodies which could cause investors to lose confidence
in our reported financial information and could subject us to civil or criminal penalties or stockholder litigation, which could have
an adverse effect on our results of operations and the market price of our common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In addition, if we
or our independent registered public accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting, the
disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the market&rsquo;s confidence in our financial statements and harm
our share price. Furthermore, deficiencies could result in future non-compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Such non-compliance could subject us to a variety of administrative sanctions, including review by the SEC or other regulatory
authorities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>If we are unable to obtain additional financing our business
operations may be harmed or discontinued.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our continuation as a going concern is dependent
upon our future revenues and our ability to commercialize more products, obtain additional capital and attain profitable operations. We
will require additional funds to complete the continued development and commercialization of our products, product manufacturing, and
to fund expected additional losses from operations, until revenues are sufficient to cover our operating expenses. If we are unsuccessful
in obtaining any necessary additional financing, we will most likely be forced to reduce or terminate our operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>We may require additional financing which may in turn require
the issuance of additional shares of common stock, preferred stock or other debt or equity securities (including convertible securities)
and which would dilute the ownership held by our stockholders.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We may need to raise funds through either
debt or the sale of our shares of our common stock in order to achieve our business goals. Any additional shares issued would
further dilute the percentage ownership held by the stockholders. Furthermore, if we raise funds in equity transactions through the
issuance of convertible securities which are convertible at the time of conversion at a discount to the prevailing market price,
substantial dilution is likely to occur resulting in a material decline in the price of your shares. Our public offerings completed
in November 2014, April 2015, December 2018, and November 2019, our registered direct offerings during
January 2021 and February 2022, our registered direct public offering and concurrent private placement during
November 2015, our private placements completed in November 2016, June 2017, and August&nbsp;2019, and our
registered direct offering in December 2017 resulted in dilution to investors and future offerings of securities could result
in further dilution to investors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>We may require additional financing in the future, which may
not be available or, if available, may be on terms that cause a decline in the value of the shares of our common stock held by stockholders.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If we raise capital in the future by issuing additional
securities, our stockholders may experience a decline in the value of the shares of our common stock they currently hold or may acquire
prior to any such financing. In addition, such securities may have rights senior to the rights of holders of our shares of common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Risks Related to this Offering:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Management will have broad discretion as to the use of proceeds
from this offering and we may use the net proceeds in ways with which you may disagree.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for the </FONT>further development of our Therapeutic DNA Production and MDx Testing Services,
as well as general corporate purposes, which may include research and development expenses, capital expenditures, working capital and
general and administrative expenses, and potential acquisitions of or investments in businesses, products and technologies that complement
our business, although we have no present commitments or agreements to make any such acquisitions or investments as of the date of this
prospectus. Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could spend the proceeds
in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our common stock. Accordingly, you will be relying on the
judgment of our management on the use of net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to
assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. Our failure to apply these funds effectively could have a material adverse effect
on our business and cause the price of our common stock to decline.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pending these uses, we intend to invest the funds
in short-term, investment grade, interest-bearing securities. It is possible that, pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds in
a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>The public offering price will be set by our board of directors
and does not necessarily indicate the actual or market value of our common stock.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our board of directors will approve the public
offering price and other terms of this offering after considering, among other things: the number of shares authorized in our Certificate
of Incorporation; the current market price of our common stock; trading prices of our common stock over time; the volatility of our common
stock; our current financial condition and the prospects for our future cash flows; the availability of and likely cost of capital of
other potential sources of capital; the characteristics of interested investors and market and economic conditions at the time of the
offering. The offering price is not intended to bear any relationship to the book value of our assets or our past operations, cash flows,
losses, financial condition, net worth or any other established criteria used to value securities. The public offering price may not be
indicative of the fair value of the common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>If you purchase the common stock or pre-funded warrants sold
in this offering, you will experience immediate dilution as a result of this offering and future equity issuances.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Because the price per share of our common stock
and pre-funded warrants being offered is higher than the book value per share of our common stock, you will suffer immediate substantial
dilution in the net tangible book value of the common stock you purchase in this offering. See the section entitled &ldquo;Dilution&rdquo;
of this prospectus for a more detailed discussion of the dilution you will incur if you purchase common stock and pre-funded warrants
in this offering. The issuance of additional shares of our common stock in future offerings could be dilutive to stockholders if they
do not invest in future offerings. Moreover, to the extent that we issue options or warrants to purchase, or securities convertible into
or exchangeable for, shares of our common stock in the future and those options, warrants or other securities are exercised, converted
or exchanged, stockholders may experience further dilution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> <B><I>There is no public market for the pre-funded warrants or
Series Warrants being offered in this offering.</I></B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> There is no established public trading market
for the pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants being offered in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition,
we do not intend to apply to list the pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading
system, including The Nasdaq Stock Market. Without an active market, the liquidity of the pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants will
be limited. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> <B><I>Holders of pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants purchased
in this offering will have no rights as common stockholders until such holders exercise their pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants
and acquire our common stock.</I></B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> Until holders of pre-funded warrants or Series
Warrants acquire shares of our common stock upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants, as applicable, holders of pre-funded
warrants or Series Warrants will have no rights with respect to the shares of our common stock underlying such pre-funded warrants or
Series Warrants. Upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants, the holders will be entitled to exercise the rights of
a common stockholder only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> <B><I>Provisions of the Series Warrants and pre-funded warrants
offered by this prospectus could discourage an acquisition of us by a third party.</I></B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> In addition to the discussion of the provisions
of our Certificate of Incorporation, certain provisions of the Series Warrants and pre-funded warrants offered by this prospectus could
make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire us. Such Series Warrants and pre-funded warrants prohibit us from engaging
in certain transactions constituting &ldquo;fundamental transactions&rdquo; unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes
our obligations under the Series Warrants and pre-funded warrants. Further, the Series Warrants and pre-funded warrants provide that,
in the event of certain transactions constituting &ldquo;fundamental transactions,&rdquo; with some exception, holders of such the Series
Warrants and pre-funded warrants will have the right, at their option, to require us to repurchase such the Series Warrants and pre-funded
warrants at a price described in the Series Warrants and pre-funded warrants. These and other provisions of the Series Warrants and pre-funded
warrants offered by this prospectus could prevent or deter a third party from acquiring us even where the acquisition could be beneficial
to you. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> <B><I>The sale of our common stock and the Series Warrants in this
offering could result in the reset of the exercise price of certain outstanding warrants.</I></B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> We have outstanding warrants to purchase 717,813
shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $2.80 per share that may be subject to further adjustment. Subject to certain exceptions,
the terms of these warrants provide that (i)&nbsp;if we sell common stock at a price per share less than the then-current exercise price,
or securities which are convertible or exercisable into shares of common stock at an effective per share price less than the then current
exercise price, then we are required to reduce the exercise price of the warrants to be the lower price of such subsequent sale, or (ii)&nbsp;if
we sell securities which are convertible or exercisable into shares of common stock at a price which varies or may vary with the market
price of the shares of our common stock, including by way of one or more reset(s)&nbsp;to a fixed price, the holders of such securities
have the right to substitute the variable price for the exercise price. The exercise price of such warrants cannot adjust below a specified
minimum exercise price, which is $1.47 for 458,813 of such warrants, $1.58 for 159,000 of such warrants, $1.38 for 50,000 of such warrants
and $1.36 for 50,000 of such warrants. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="Sp2_001"></A>Use
of Proceeds</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> We estimate that the net proceeds from this
offering will be approximately $9,040,696, assuming a public offering price of $0.70 per share of common stock and accompanying
Series Warrant and the sale of all the securities offered under this prospectus, after deducting the Placement Agent fees and estimated
offering expenses payable by us and assuming no exercise of the Series Warrants. However, this is a best efforts offering with no minimum
number of securities or amount of proceeds as a condition to closing, and we may not sell all or any of these securities offered pursuant
to this prospectus; as a result, we may receive significantly less in net proceeds. We will only receive additional proceeds from the
exercise of the Series A Warrants issuable in connection with this offering if such Series A Warrants are exercised at their exercise
price of $ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and the holders of such Series A Warrants pay the exercise price
in cash upon such exercise. We will only receive additional proceeds from the exercise of the Series B Warrants issuable in connection
with this offering if such Series B Warrants are exercised at their exercise price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and the holders
of such Series B Warrants pay the exercise price in cash upon such exercise. Such proceeds with respect to the Series A Warrants and
Series B Warrants could not exceed, in the aggregate, $20,000,000. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The foregoing discussion assumes no sale of pre-funded
warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for the </FONT>further development of our Therapeutic DNA Production Services and
MDx Testing Services, as well as general corporate purposes, which may include research and development expenses, capital
expenditures, working capital and general and administrative expenses, and potential acquisitions of or investments in businesses,
products and technologies that complement our business, although we have no present commitments or agreements to make any such
acquisitions or investments as of the date of this prospectus. Pending these uses, we intend to invest the funds in short-term,
investment grade, interest-bearing securities. It is possible that, pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds in a way that
does not yield a favorable, or any, return for us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our expected use of net proceeds from this offering
represents our current intentions based upon our present plans and business condition. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot currently
allocate specific percentages of the net proceeds that we may use for the purposes specified above, and we cannot predict with certainty
all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to be received upon the completion of this offering, or the amounts that we will actually
spend on the uses set forth above. The amounts and timing of our actual use of the net proceeds will vary depending on numerous factors,
including our ability to obtain additional financing. We may find it necessary or advisable to use the net proceeds for other purposes,
and our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and investors will be relying on our judgment regarding
the application of the net proceeds from this offering. See &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; for a discussion of certain risks that may affect
our intended use of the net proceeds from this offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="Sp2_002"></A>Market
Price of our Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Market Information</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Stock
Market under the symbol &ldquo;APDN.&rdquo; A description of the common stock that we are issuing in this offering is set forth under
the heading &ldquo;Description of Securities&rdquo; beginning on page&nbsp;34&nbsp;of this prospectus. We do not intend to apply for
the listing of the pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants that are part of this offering on any national securities exchange. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> The last reported sale price for our common
stock on July&nbsp;27, 2022 was $0.70 per share. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> <B>Holders</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> As of July 27, 2022, we had 409 record holders
of our common stock, and no preferred stock issued and outstanding. The number of record holders was determined from the records of our
transfer agent and does not include beneficial owners of common stock whose shares are held in the names of various security brokers,
dealers, and registered clearing agencies. The transfer agent of our common stock and publicly traded warrants is American Stock Transfer&nbsp;&amp;
Trust Company, 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Dividend Policy</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have never declared or paid any cash dividends
on our common stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends to stockholders in the foreseeable future. In addition, any future
determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of the board of directors and will be dependent upon our financial condition,
results of operations, capital requirements, and such other factors as the board of directors deem relevant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="Sp2_003"></A>Capitalization</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets forth our capitalization
as of March 31, 2022:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">on an actual basis; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">on a pro forma, as adjusted basis, after giving effect to the application of the net proceeds of this
offering and after deducting the Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The information set forth in the following table
should be read in conjunction with and is qualified in its entirety by &ldquo;Use of Proceeds&rdquo; above, as well as our &ldquo;Management&rsquo;s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&rdquo; and our financial statements and the notes to those financial
statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus. See &ldquo;The Offering&rdquo; in this prospectus for information relating to
the expected number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering. Our capitalization following the closing of this
offering will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>As
    of March 31, 2022</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Actual</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Pro
    Forma, As<BR>
    Adjusted for<BR>
    this Offering*</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="width: 69%"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash and cash equivalents</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,512,784</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 12%"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15,533,480</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stockholders&rsquo; (Deficit) Equity:</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 10,000,000
    shares authorized; -0- shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2022</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Series&nbsp;A Preferred stock, par value $0.001
    per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- shares outstanding as of March 31, 2022</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Series&nbsp;B Preferred stock, par value $0.001
    per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- shares outstanding as of March 31, 2022</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 200,000,000
    shares authorized; 8,234,320 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2022</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8,236</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;22,522</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Additional paid-in capital</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">298,351,897</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;295,143,656</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accumulated deficit</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(290,712,648</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(290,712,648)</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total Stockholders&rsquo;
    Equity</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7,647,485</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4,453,530</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> *Assumes a $10,000,000 capital raise with net cash proceeds of
$9,040,696; number of shares derived by dividing closing stock price on July&nbsp;27, 2022 of $0.70. Each $0.25 increase (decrease) in
the assumed public offering price per share would increase (decrease) the amount of cash and cash equivalents, working capital, total
assets, and total stockholders&rsquo; equity by approximately $3,571,000, assuming the number of securities offered by us, as set forth
on the cover page&nbsp;of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting the Placement Agent fee and estimated offering expenses
payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of securities to be issued in this offering. Each increase (decrease) of 1.0
million shares offered by us would increase (decrease) the as adjusted amount of cash and cash equivalents, working capital, total assets
and total stockholders&rsquo; equity by approximately $700,000, assuming the assumed public offering price remains the same, and after
deducting the Placement Agent fee and estimated offering expenses payable by us. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> The discussion and table above are based on
8,234,320 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2022, which excludes&nbsp;28,571,428&nbsp;shares of our common stock
that may be issued upon exercise of pre-funded warrants and Series Warrants issued in this offering, 1,067,614 shares of common stock
issuable upon exercise of outstanding options, 2,988,163 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants, 2,774,085
shares available for grant under our 2005 and 2020 Equity Incentive Plans as of such date. The discussion and table above assume no sale
of pre-funded warrants, which, if sold, would reduce the number of shares of common stock that we are offering on a one-for-one basis. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="Sp2_004"></A>Dilution</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If you invest in our common stock and/or pre-funded
warrants in this offering, your ownership interest will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the public offering
price per share of our common stock and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock after this offering. Our
net tangible book value as of March 31, 2022 was approximately $10.2 million, or $1.24 per share of our common stock (based upon
8,234,320 shares of our common stock outstanding). Net tangible book value per share is equal to our total tangible assets less our total
liabilities, divided by the number of shares of our outstanding common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> After giving effect to the sale of shares of
our common stock and accompanying Series Warrants in this offering at the assumed public offering price of $0.70 per share (the last
reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on July&nbsp;27, 2022), and after deducting the Placement Agent
fee and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the Series Warrants and pre-funded
warrants, if any, issued in this offering, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of March 31, 2022 would have been approximately
$7,020,450, or $0.31 per share of common stock. This represents an immediate decrease in as adjusted net tangible book value of $0.93
per share to our existing stockholders, and an immediate dilution of $0.39&nbsp;per share to new investors purchasing securities in this
offering at the assumed public offering price. The final public offering price will be determined between us, the Placement Agent and
investors in the offering and may be at a discount to the current market price. Therefore, the assumed public offering price used throughout
this prospectus may not be indicative of the final public offering price. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table illustrates this dilution on
a per share basis:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="width: 74%"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assumed public offering price
    per share and accompanying Series Warrant</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 10%"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.70</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Historical net tangible book value per share as
    of March 31, 2022</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.24</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pro forma decrease in net tangible book value per
    share attributable to investors in this offering</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(0.93)</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As adjusted net tangible book value per share after
    giving effect to this offering</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.31</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dilution per share to investors participating in
    this offering</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.39</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> A $0.25 increase in the assumed public offering
price of $0.70 per share, which is the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on July&nbsp;27, 2022,
would result in an increase in our as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering by approximately $0.15 and the dilution
per share to new investors purchasing shares in this offering by $0.10 assuming the number of securities offered by us as set forth on
the cover page&nbsp;of this prospectus remains the same, and after deducting the Placement Agent fee and estimated offering expenses
payable by us. A $0.25 decrease in the assumed public offering price of $0.70 per share, which is the last reported sale price of our
common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on July&nbsp;27, 2022, would result in a decrease in our as adjusted net tangible book value
per share after this offering by approximately $0.15 and the dilution per share to new investors purchasing shares in this offering by
$0.10 assuming the number of securities offered by us as set forth on the cover page&nbsp;of this prospectus remains the same, and after
the Placement Agent fee and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of securities to be
issued in this offering. Each increase (decrease) of 1.0 million shares offered by us would increase (decrease) our as adjusted net tangible
book value per share and the dilution per share to new investors purchasing securities in this offering by $0.02 assuming that the assumed
public offering price remains the same, and after deducting the Placement Agent fee and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The
information discussed above is illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this
offering as determined between us and the Placement Agent at pricing. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> The foregoing discussion and table do not take
into account further dilution to investors in this offering that could occur upon the exercise of outstanding options and warrants, including
the pre-funded warrants and Series Warrants offered in this offering, having a per share exercise price less than the public offering
price per share in this offering. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> The discussion and table above are based on
8,234,320 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March&nbsp;31, 2022, which excludes 28,571,428 shares of our common stock that
may be issued upon exercise of pre-funded warrants and Series Warrants issued in this offering, 1,067,614 shares of common stock issuable
upon exercise of outstanding options, 2,988,163 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants, 2,784,085 shares
available for grant under our 2005 and 2020 Equity Incentive Plans as of such date. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The discussion and table above assume no sale of pre-funded warrants,
which, if sold, would reduce the number of shares of common stock that we are offering on a one<B>-</B>for-one basis.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">To the extent that our outstanding options or warrants
are exercised, new options are issued under our equity incentive plan, or additional shares of our common stock are issued in the future,
there may be further dilution to investors participating in this offering. In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital because
of market conditions or strategic considerations, even if we believe that we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating
plans. If we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of these securities could
result in further dilution to our stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="Sp2_005"></A>SECURITY
OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS<BR>
AND MANAGEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> The following table sets forth certain information
regarding the shares of our common stock beneficially owned as of July&nbsp;27, 2022, (i)&nbsp;by each person who is known to us to beneficially
own 5% or more of the outstanding common stock, (ii)&nbsp;by each of our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer
and our other executive officers and by each of our directors and (iii)&nbsp;by all executive officers and directors as a group. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise indicated below, each person or
entity has an address in care of our principal executive offices at 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Name and Address of Beneficial Owner</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Title of Class</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Number of <BR> Shares <BR> Owned<SUP>(1)(2)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Percentage <BR> of Class<SUP>(3)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Executive Officers and Directors:</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 53%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">James A. Hayward</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: center; padding-left: 3pt">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">506,481</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; width: 5%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>(4)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">5.41</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Yacov A. Shamash</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-left: 3pt">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">26,225</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>(5)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">John Bitzer,&nbsp;III</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-left: 3pt">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">57,155</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>(6)(7)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Robert B. Catell</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-left: 3pt">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">24,340</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>(11)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Joseph D. Ceccoli</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-left: 3pt">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">23,847</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>(8)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Beth M. Jantzen</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-left: 3pt">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">72,518</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>(12)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Judith Murrah</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-left: 3pt">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">83,990</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>(13)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Clay Shorrock</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-left: 3pt">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">46,546</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>(16)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Scott L. Anchin</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-left: 3pt">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">24,288</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>(15)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Sanford R. Simon</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-left: 3pt">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">23,488</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>(9)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Elizabeth Schmalz</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 3pt">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">22,150</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>(10)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">All directors and officers as a group (11 persons)</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 3pt">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">911,028</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>(14)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">9.38</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5% Stockholders:</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Dillon Hill</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 3pt">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">658,739</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: super; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><SUP>(17)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6.83</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">*&nbsp;indicates less than one percent</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(1)</TD><TD>Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules&nbsp;of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power
with respect to the shares shown. Except as indicated by footnote and subject to community property laws where applicable, to our knowledge,
the stockholders named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock shown as beneficially
owned by them. A person is deemed to be the beneficial owner of securities that can be acquired by such person within 60 days upon the
exercise of options, warrants or convertible securities (in any case, the &ldquo;Currently Exercisable Options&rdquo;).</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(2)</TD><TD>Does not include the remaining unvested shares subject to options granted on November&nbsp;1, 2021 pursuant to the 2020 Equity Incentive
Plan, which vest 100% of the underlying shares on the one-year anniversary of grant, including 29,845 for each of Mr.&nbsp;Anchin, Ms.&nbsp;Schmalz
and Mr.&nbsp;Catell, 30,094 for Mr.&nbsp;Simon, 30,840 for Mr.&nbsp;Ceccoli, 31,586 for Mr.&nbsp;Bitzer and 31,834 for Mr.&nbsp;Shamash.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD><TD> Based upon 8,982,520
                                            shares of common stock outstanding as of July&nbsp;27, 2022. Each beneficial owner&rsquo;s
                                            percentage ownership is determined by assuming that the Currently Exercisable Options that
                                            are beneficially held by such person (but not those held by any other person) have been exercised
                                            and converted. </TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(4)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Includes 372,295 shares underlying Currently Exercisable Options.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(5)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Includes 24,640 shares underlying Currently Exercisable Options.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(6)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Includes 21,920 shares underlying Currently Exercisable Options
for Mr.&nbsp;Bitzer.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(7)</TD><TD>Includes 34,563 shares of common stock owned by Delabarta,&nbsp;Inc. (&ldquo;Delabarta&rdquo;), a wholly-owned subsidiary of ABARTA,&nbsp;Inc.
(&ldquo;ABARTA&rdquo;). Mr.&nbsp;Bitzer is former President and a member of the board of directors of each of Delabarta and ABARTA. Mr.&nbsp;Bitzer
disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by Delabarta except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(8)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Includes 23,278 shares underlying Currently Exercisable Options.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(9)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Includes 23,416 shares underlying Currently Exercisable Options.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(10)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Includes 21,374 shares underlying Currently Exercisable Options.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(11)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Includes 22,400 shares underlying Currently Exercisable Options.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(12)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Includes 72,446 shares underlying Currently Exercisable Options.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(13)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Includes 81,443 shares underlying Currently Exercisable Options.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(14)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Includes 733,796 shares underlying Currently Exercisable Options.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(15)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Includes 24,038 shares underlying Currently Exercisable Options.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(16)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Includes 46,546 shares underlying Currently Exercisable Options.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(17)</TD><TD><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">This information is based on a Form&nbsp;13G/A filed with the SEC on January&nbsp;21, 2021 by
Bruce Grossman. Bruce Grossman reported sole and shared voting and sole and shared dispositive power of 658,739 shares of common stock
underlying currently exercisable warrants. The address of Bruce Grossman is c/o Dillon Hill Capital LLC, 200 Business Park Drive, Suite&nbsp;306,
Armonk, NY 10504.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="Sp2_006"></A>CERTAIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Other Relationships</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">On
July&nbsp;17, 2019, we issued $1.5 million of secured convertible notes (the &ldquo;July&nbsp;2019 Notes&rdquo;), bearing interest at
a rate of 6% per annum, in a non-brokered private placement with an accredited investor, Dillon Hill Capital, LLC. Dillion Hill Capital,
LLC and Dillion Hill Investment Company (together the &ldquo;Warrant Investors&rdquo;) are both controlled by Bruce Grossman, who is a
beneficial holder of more than five percent of our common stock. See&nbsp;&ldquo;Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
and Management.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">On
November&nbsp;15, 2019, we closed an underwritten public offering where we issued and sold 2,285,000 shares of our common stock and
2,285,000 accompanying common warrants (the &ldquo;2019 Warrants&rdquo;) each with the right to purchase one share of our common
stock at an exercise price of $5.25 per share. In such offering, the Warrant Investors purchased certain of the 2019 Warrants. On
October&nbsp;7, 2020, we entered into Warrant Exercise Agreements (each, a &ldquo;Warrant Exercise Agreement&rdquo;) with each of
the Warrant Investors, whereby 318,000 of our 2019 Warrants were exercised. The gross proceeds to the Company from this partial
exercise of the 2019 Warrants were $1,669,500.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">On
October&nbsp;9, 2020, the Company entered into a letter agreement with Dillon Hill Capital, LLC as sole holder of the July&nbsp;2019 Notes
for the repayment in full of such notes, in an aggregate amount of $1,665,581, representing their outstanding principal amount plus accrued
but unpaid interest through their scheduled maturity date. The Company paid such payoff amount on October&nbsp;9, 2020.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"> In
consideration of this partial exercise of the 2019 Warrants and of the consent to repayment of the July&nbsp;2019 Notes, the Company
agreed to issue pursuant to the Warrant Exercise Agreement (the &ldquo;Private Placement&rdquo;), in addition to the 318,000 shares of
common stock issued upon exercise of the 2019 Warrants, 159,000 replacement warrants (the &ldquo;Replacement Warrants&rdquo;) to the
Warrant Investors, which is an amount equal to one-half the amount of the 2019 Warrants exercised pursuant to the Warrant Exercise Agreements.
The Replacement Warrants have an average exercise price of $2.80, the closing price on The Nasdaq Capital Market of the Company&rsquo;s
common stock on the date of the applicable warrant exercise. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
quantity, issue date, exercise price and expiration date of the Replacement Warrants are listed in the table below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Quantity</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Issuance&nbsp;Date</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exercise&nbsp;Price</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Expiration&nbsp;Date</B></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="width: 23%; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">159,000</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%; text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October&nbsp;7,
    2020</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 22%; text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.80</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24%; text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October&nbsp;7,
    2025</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">50,000</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December&nbsp;9, 2020</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.80</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December&nbsp;9, 2025</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">50,000</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December&nbsp;10, 2020</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.80</FONT> </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December&nbsp;10, 2025</FONT> </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Each
Replacement Warrant is exercisable for one share of common stock beginning on the date of issuance thereof and ending on the five-year
anniversary of such date. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Replacement Warrants are
subject to adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, split, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction, as described
in the Replacement Warrants. Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of a Replacement Warrant will not have the right to exercise any
portion of its Replacement Warrant if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the number
of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise (the &ldquo;Beneficial Ownership Limitation&rdquo;);
provided that upon 61 days&rsquo; prior notice to the Company, the holder may elect to increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation,
although in no event may the Beneficial Ownership Limitation exceed 9.99%. Each Replacement Warrant includes an adjustment provision that,
subject to certain exceptions, reduces its exercise price if the Company issues common stock or common stock equivalents at a price lower
than the then-current exercise price of such Replacement Warrant, subject to a minimum exercise price of 21% of such Replacement Warrant&rsquo;s
initial exercise price per share. Under certain limited circumstances, including that the daily volume weighted average price of the common
stock for each of 20 consecutive trading days has exceeded three times the exercise price of such Replacement Warrant, the Company may
call for cancellation of all or any portion of such Replacement Warrant for which a notice of exercise has not yet been delivered for
consideration equal to $0.001 per share of common stock for which such Replacement Warrant is excisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">As
of October&nbsp;9, 2020, all of the obligations and liabilities of the Company and its affiliates under the July&nbsp;2019 Notes, the
related purchase agreement, and related Security Agreements, and any other related documents and instruments, was automatically satisfied
in full, and all related liens, mortgages or other security interests were automatically released.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Director Independence</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our
board of directors has determined that currently and at all times during the fiscal year ended September&nbsp;30, 2021, each of our
directors other than Dr.&nbsp;Hayward and Mr.&nbsp;Anchin&mdash;consisting of John Bitzer,&nbsp;III, Robert B. Catell, Joseph D.
Ceccoli, Yacov A. Shamash, Sanford R. Simon, and Elizabeth M. Schmalz&mdash;are and were &ldquo;independent&rdquo; as
defined by the listing standards of Nasdaq, constituting a majority of independent directors on our board of directors as required
by the rules&nbsp;of Nasdaq. Our  board of directors considers in its evaluation of independence whether any director has a
relationship with us that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out his or her responsibilities of a
director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="Sp2_007"></A>Description
of Securities</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> The following description of our common stock,
pre-funded warrants and accompanying Series Warrants summarizes the material terms and provisions of the securities that we may issue
in connection with this offering. It may not contain all the information that is important to you. For the complete terms of our common
stock, please refer to our Certificate of Incorporation and our by-laws (&ldquo;By-Laws&rdquo;), which are filed as exhibits to the registration
statement which includes this prospectus. See &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information&rdquo; and &ldquo;Incorporation by Reference.&rdquo;
The Delaware General Corporation Law (&ldquo;DGCL&rdquo;) may also affect the terms of these securities. The summary below is qualified
in its entirety by reference to our Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws, each as in effect at the time of any offering of securities
under this prospectus. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> As of July&nbsp;27, 2022, our authorized capital
stock consists of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of which 8,982,520 shares were issued and outstanding,
and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, of which no shares were issued and outstanding. In addition, as
of July&nbsp;27, 2022, there were issued and outstanding options to purchase 1,063,143 shares of common stock, warrants to purchase 2,239,963
shares of our common stock and 2,778,556 shares available for grant under our 2020 Equity Incentive Plan. The authorized and unissued
shares of common stock and preferred stock are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Common Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Each stockholder of our common stock is entitled
to one vote for each share issued and outstanding held on all matters to be voted upon by the stockholders. Our shares of common stock
have no preemptive, conversion, or redemption rights. The rights, preferences, and privileges of the holders of common stock are subject
to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock. Upon the sale of substantially
all of our stock or assets or dissolution, liquidation or winding up, and after all liquidation preferences payable to any series of preferred
stock entitled thereto have been satisfied, our remaining assets shall be distributed to all holders of common stock and any similarly
situated stockholders who are not entitled to any liquidation preference or, if there be an insufficient amount to pay all such stockholders,
then ratably among such holders. All of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable. The holders
of shares of our common stock will be entitled to such cash dividends as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors from
funds available therefor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The shares of common stock offered by this prospectus,
when issued and paid for, will also be fully paid and non-assessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital
Market under the symbol &ldquo;APDN.&rdquo; American Stock Transfer&nbsp;&amp; Trust Company, located in Brooklyn, New York, is the transfer
agent and registrar for our common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Preferred Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that
our board of directors may, by resolution, designate classes of preferred stock in the future. The designated series of preferred stock
shall have such powers, designations, preferences and relative, participation or optional or other special rights and qualifications,
limitations or restrictions as shall be expressed in the resolution adopted by the board of directors. Once designated by our board of
directors, each series of preferred stock will have specific financial and other terms described in the documents that govern the preferred
stock, which include our Certificate of Incorporation and any certificates of designation that our board of directors may adopt. Prior
to the issuance of shares of each series of preferred stock, the board of directors is required by the DGCL and our Certificate of Incorporation
to adopt resolutions and file a certificate of designations with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. The certificate of designations
fixes for each class or series the designations, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions, including,
but not limited to, some or all of the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">the number of shares constituting that series and the distinctive designation of that series, which number may be increased or decreased
(but not below the number of shares then outstanding) from time to time by action of the board of directors;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">the dividend rate and the manner and frequency of payment of dividends on the shares of that series, whether dividends will be cumulative,
and, if so, from which date;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>whether that series will have voting rights, in addition to any voting rights provided by law, and, if so, the terms of such voting
rights;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">whether that series will have conversion privileges, and, if so, the terms and conditions of such conversion, including provision
for adjustment of the conversion rate in such events as the board of directors may determine;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>whether or not the shares of that series will be redeemable, and, if so, the terms and conditions of such redemption;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>whether that series will have a sinking fund for the redemption or purchase of shares of that series, and, if so, the terms and amount
of such sinking fund;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>whether or not the shares of the series will have priority over or be on a parity with or be junior to the shares of any other series
or class in any respect;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the rights of the shares of that series in the event of voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the corporation,
and the relative rights or priority, if any, of payment of shares of that series; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>any other relative rights, preferences and limitations of that series.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Although our board of directors has no intention
at the present time of doing so, it could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that could, depending on the terms of
such series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> <B>Series Warrants</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <I>The following summary of certain terms and
provisions of the Series Warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by,
the provisions of the Series Warrants, the forms of which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus
forms a part. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of the forms of Series Warrant for complete descriptions
of the terms and conditions of the Series Warrants.</I> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
are selling to investors in this offering</FONT> of shares of our common stock and/or pre-funded warrants in this offering a Series A
Warrant to purchase up to 1 share of our common stock and a Series B Warrant to purchase up to 1 share of our common stock for each share
and/or pre-funded warrant purchased in this offering for a combined purchase price of $0.70. The Series A Warrants and the Series B Warrants
are referred to herein together as the &ldquo;Series Warrants&rdquo;. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> Each Series A Warrant will be exercisable beginning
on the Initial Exercise Date, which is the date of closing, at an exercise price of $ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;per
share, subject to adjustment. The Series A Warrants will be exercisable for five years from the Initial Exercise Date, but not thereafter.
Each Series B Warrant will be exercisable beginning on the Initial Exercise Date, at an exercise price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
per share, subject to adjustment. The Series B Warrants will be exercisable for thirteen months from the Initial Exercise Date, but not
thereafter. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Series Warrant. In lieu of fractional
shares, we will round up to the next whole share. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of
Series Warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of its Series Warrants if the holder, together with its affiliates, would
beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding
immediately after giving effect to such exercise (the &ldquo;Beneficial Ownership Limitation&rdquo;); provided, however, that upon 61
days&rsquo; prior notice to the Company, the holder may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, provided that in no
event shall the Beneficial Ownership Limitation exceed 9.99%. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> The Series Warrants contain a &ldquo;cashless
exercise&rdquo; feature that allows holders to exercise the Series Warrants without a cash payment to the Company upon the terms set
forth in the Series Warrants, if, at the time of exercise there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus
contained therein is not available for the issuance of the shares to the exercising Series Warrant holder. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> In the case of certain fundamental transactions
affecting the Company, a holder of Series Warrants, upon exercise of such Series Warrants after such fundamental transaction, will have
the right to receive, in lieu of shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, the same amount and kind of securities, cash or property
that such holder would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of the fundamental transaction, had the Series Warrants been
exercised immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. In lieu of such consideration, a holder of Series Warrants may instead elect
to receive a cash payment based upon the Black-Scholes value of their Series Warrants. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> The exercise price and number of the shares
of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Series Warrants will be subject to adjustment in the event of any stock dividends
and splits, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction, as described in the Series Warrants. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> We do not intend to list the Series Warrants
on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. Except as otherwise provided in the Series Warrants or by virtue
of such holder&rsquo;s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holders of the Series Warrants do not have the rights or privileges
of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their Series Warrants. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Pre-Funded Warrants</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>The following summary of certain terms and provisions
of pre-funded warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the provisions
of the pre-funded warrant, the form of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of the form of pre-funded warrant for a complete description of
the terms and conditions of the pre-funded warrants.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> Each pre-funded warrant offered hereby will
have an initial exercise price per share equal to $0.0001. The pre-funded warrants will be immediately exercisable and may be exercised
at any time until the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon
exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting
our common stock and the exercise price. The pre-funded warrants will be issued separately from the accompanying Series Warrants and
may be transferred separately immediately thereafter. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The pre-funded warrants will be exercisable, at
the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for
the number of shares of our common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed below).
A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the pre-funded warrant to the extent that the holder would own
more than 4.99 % of the outstanding common stock immediately after exercise, except that upon at least 61 days&rsquo; prior notice from
the holder to us, the holder may increase the amount of ownership of outstanding stock after exercising the holder&rsquo;s pre-funded
warrants up to 9.99 % of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such
percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the pre-funded warrants. Purchasers of pre-funded warrants in this
offering may also elect prior to the issuance of the pre-funded warrants to have the initial exercise limitation set at 9.99% of our outstanding
common stock. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a pre-funded warrant. In lieu of
fractional shares, we will round up to the next whole share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">At any time, in lieu of making
the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may
elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of common stock determined according
to a formula set forth in the pre-funded warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to applicable laws, a pre-funded warrant
may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the pre-funded warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments
of transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We do not intend to list the pre-funded warrants
on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. Except as otherwise provided in the pre-funded warrants or by virtue
of such holder&rsquo;s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holders of the pre-funded warrants do not have the rights or privileges
of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their pre-funded warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Possible Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law and our Certificate
of Incorporation and By-Laws</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Certificate of Incorporation contains provisions
that could make it more difficult to acquire control of our company by means of a tender offer, open market purchases, a proxy contest
or otherwise. A description of these provisions is set forth below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Companies incorporated in Delaware are subject
to the provisions of Section&nbsp;203 of the DGCL, or Section&nbsp;203, unless the corporation has &ldquo;opted out&rdquo; of these provisions
with an express provision in its original certificate of incorporation or an express provision in its certificate of incorporation or
by-laws resulting from a stockholders&rsquo; amendment approved by at least a majority of the outstanding voting shares. We have opted
out of Section&nbsp;203 with an express provision in our Certificate of Incorporation. Therefore, the anti-takeover effects of Section&nbsp;203
do not apply to us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In general, Section&nbsp;203 prohibits a publicly-held
Delaware corporation from engaging in a &ldquo;business combination&rdquo; with an &ldquo;interested stockholder&rdquo; for a three-year
period following the time that this stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed
manner. A &ldquo;business combination&rdquo; includes, among other things, a merger, asset or stock sale or other transaction resulting
in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An &ldquo;interested stockholder&rdquo; is a person who, together with affiliates
and associates, owns, or did own within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, 15% or more of the corporation&rsquo;s
voting stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Under Section&nbsp;203, a business combination
between a corporation and an interested stockholder is prohibited unless it satisfies one of the following conditions: before the stockholder
became interested, the board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder
becoming an interested stockholder; upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder,
the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced,
excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding, shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers, and employee
stock plans, in some instances; or at or after the time the stockholder became interested, the business combination was approved by the
board of directors of the corporation and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders by the affirmative vote of at
least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Election and Removal of Directors</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Directors will be elected by a plurality of
the voting power of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the election of
directors. Our Certificate of Incorporation does not provide for a classified board of directors or for cumulative voting in the
election of directors. Under Article&nbsp;VIII of the Certificate of Incorporation and Section&nbsp;3.13 of the By-Laws, directors
may be removed by the stockholders of the Company only for cause, and in such case only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at
least a majority of the voting power of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company then entitled to vote in
the election of directors. On December 21, 2015, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware invalidated as a matter of law
provisions of the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of VAALCO Energy,&nbsp;Inc. (&ldquo;VAALCO&rdquo;), a Delaware
corporation, that permitted the removal of VAALCO&rsquo;s directors by its stockholders only for cause. In <I>In re VAALCO
Energy,&nbsp;Inc. Stockholder Litigation, </I>Consol. C.A. No.&nbsp;11775-VCL (Del. Ch. Dec.&nbsp;21, 2015), the Court ruled from
the bench to hold that, in the absence of a classified board or cumulative voting, VAALCO&rsquo;s &ldquo;only for-cause&rdquo;
director removal provisions conflict with Section&nbsp;141(k)&nbsp;of the DGCL and are therefore invalid. Because the
Company&rsquo;s Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws contain similar &ldquo;only for-cause&rdquo; director removal provisions
and the Company does not have a classified board of directors or cumulative voting, the Company will not attempt to enforce the
foregoing &ldquo;only for-cause&rdquo; director removal provision in light of the recent <I>VAALCO</I> decision.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Size of Board and Vacancies</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The authorized number of directors may be determined
by the board of directors, provided the board shall consist of at least one (1)&nbsp;member. No decrease in the number of directors constituting
the board shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Vacancies occurring on our board of directors for
any reason and newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled only by a vote
of a majority of the remaining members of the board of directors, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, at any
meeting of the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Amendment</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Certificate of Incorporation may be amended
in the manner prescribed by the DGCL. The board of directors is authorized to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the By-Laws by the affirmative
vote of at least a majority of the board of directors then in office. No amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation or the By-Laws
may adversely affect any indemnification right or protection of any director, officer, employee or other agent existing at the time of
such amendment, repeal or adoption of an inconsistent provision for or in respect of any act, omission or other matter occurring, or any
action or proceeding accruing or arising prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption of an inconsistent provision.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Authorized but Unissued Shares of Common Stock and of Preferred
Stock</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe that the availability of the &ldquo;Blank
Check&rdquo; preferred stock under our Certificate of Incorporation provides us with flexibility in addressing corporate issues that may
arise. The board of directors has the power, subject to applicable law, to issue series of preferred stock that could, depending on the
terms of the series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt that some, or a majority, of the stockholders
might believe to be in their best interests or in which stockholders might receive a premium for their stock over the then prevailing
market price of the stock. Our board of directors may issue preferred stock with voting rights or conversion rights that, if exercised,
could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The authorized shares of preferred stock, as well
as shares of common stock, will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless action is required by applicable
law or the rules&nbsp;of any stock exchange on which our securities may be listed. Having these authorized shares available for issuance
allows us to issue shares without the expense and delay of a special stockholders&rsquo; meeting. We may use additional shares for a variety
of purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, to fund acquisitions and as employee compensation. The existence
of authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control
of our company by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise. The above provisions may deter a hostile takeover or delay
a change in control or management of our company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Advance Notice Procedure</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our By-Laws provide an advance notice procedure
for stockholders to nominate director candidates for election or to bring business before an annual meeting of stockholders. Only persons
nominated by, or at the direction of, our board of directors or by a stockholder of record who has given proper and timely notice to our
secretary prior to the meeting at which such stockholder is entitled to vote and appears, will be eligible for election as a director.
In addition, any proposed business other than the nomination of persons for election to our board of directors must constitute a proper
matter for stockholder action pursuant to a proper notice of meeting delivered to us. For notice to be timely, it must generally be delivered
to our secretary not less than 90 nor more than 120 calendar days prior to the first anniversary of the previous year&rsquo;s annual meeting
(or if the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 calendar days before or more than 60 calendar days after the anniversary date of
the previous year&rsquo;s annual meeting, not earlier than the 120th calendar day prior to such meeting and not later than either the
90th calendar day prior to such meeting or the 10th calendar day after public disclosure of the date of such meeting is first made by
us). These advance notice provisions may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures
are not followed or may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors
or otherwise attempt to obtain control of us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Special Meetings of Stockholders</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our By-Laws provide that special meetings of stockholders
may be called only by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, or the board of directors pursuant to a resolution adopted
by a majority of the board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="Sp2_008"></A>PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to an engagement
agreement, dated June&nbsp;22, 2022 (the &ldquo;Placement Agent Agreement&rdquo;), we have engaged H.C. Wainwright&nbsp;&amp; Co., LLC,
or the Placement Agent, to act as our exclusive placement agent to solicit offers to purchase the securities offered pursuant to this
prospectus on a reasonable best efforts basis. The engagement agreement does not give rise to any commitment by the Placement Agent to
purchase any of our securities, and the Placement Agent will have no authority to bind us by virtue of the engagement agreement. The Placement
Agent is not purchasing or selling any of the securities offered by us under this prospectus, nor is it required to arrange for the purchase
or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of securities. The Placement Agent has agreed to use reasonable best efforts to arrange
for the sale of the securities by us. The Placement Agent does not guarantee that it will be able to raise new capital in any prospective
offering. The Placement Agent may engage sub-agents or selected dealers to assist with the offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">We will enter into a securities
purchase agreement directly with institutional investors, at such investor&rsquo;s option, which purchase our securities in this offering.
Investors which do not enter into a securities purchase agreement shall rely solely on this prospectus in connection with the purchase
of our securities in this offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will deliver the securities being issued to the investors upon receipt of investor funds for the purchase of the securities offered pursuant
to this prospectus. We expect to deliver the securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus on or about </FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,
2022. There is no minimum number of securities or amount of proceeds that is a condition to closing of this offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Fees and Expenses</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash fee equal to 7.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in this offering and to reimburse
the Placement Agent for its legal fees and expenses and other out-of-pocket expenses in an amount up to $50,000 and for its closing costs
in an amount up to $15,950. We estimate the total offering expenses of this offering that will be payable by us, excluding the Placement
Agent fees and expenses, will be approximately $</FONT>193,350. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Regulation M</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The Placement Agent may be
deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Section&nbsp;2(a)(11) of the Securities Act, and any commissions received by it and
any profit realized on the resale of the securities sold by it while acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting discounts
or commissions under the Securities Act. As an underwriter, the Placement Agent would be required to comply with the requirements of the
Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, Rule&nbsp;10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules&nbsp;and
regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of our securities by the Placement Agent acting as principal. Under these rules&nbsp;and
regulations, the Placement Agent (i)&nbsp;may not engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities and (ii)&nbsp;may
not bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities, other than as permitted
under the Exchange Act, until it has completed its participation in the distribution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B>Indemnification</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">We
have agreed to indemnify the Placement Agent against certain liabilities, including certain liabilities arising under the Securities Act,
or to contribute to payments that the Placement Agent may be required to make for these liabilities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Determination of Offering Price</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> Our common stock is currently traded on The
Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol &ldquo;APDN.&rdquo; On July&nbsp;27, 2022 the closing price of our common stock was $0.70 per share. </P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">There is a material disparity between the
offering price of the shares of our common stock being offered under this prospectus and pre-funded warrants and the market price of
the common stock at the date of this prospectus. We believe that the market price of our common stock at the date of this prospectus
is not the appropriate public offering price for the shares of our common stock because the market price is affected by a number of
factors. The final public offering price was determined by negotiation between us, the Placement Agent and the investors in this
offering. The principal factors considered by us and the Placement Agent in determining the final public offering price
included:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">the recent trading history of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market, including market prices and trading volume of our common
stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the current market price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the recent market prices of, and demand for, publicly traded common stock of generally comparable companies;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the information set forth or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and otherwise available to the Placement Agent;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>our past and present financial performance and an assessment of our management;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>our prospects for future earnings and the present state of our products;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the current status of competitive products and product developments by our competitors;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>our history and prospects, and the history and prospects of the industry in which we compete;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>the general condition of the securities markets at the time of this offering; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>other factors deemed relevant by the Placement Agent and us.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> The final public offering price stated on the
cover page&nbsp;of this prospectus should not be considered an indication of the actual value of the shares of common stock and accompanying
Series Warrants and/or pre-funded warrants and accompanying Series Warrants sold in this offering. That price is subject to change as
a result of market conditions and other factors and we cannot assure you that the shares of common stock and accompanying Series Warrants
and/or pre-funded warrants and accompanying Series Warrants sold in this offering can be resold at or above the public offering price. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Lock-up Agreements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our officers and directors, representing 15.13%
of our outstanding shares of common stock, have agreed with the Placement Agent to be subject to a lock-up period of 90 days following
the closing of this offering. This means that, during the applicable lock-up period, such persons may not offer for sale, contract to
sell, sell, distribute, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly,
any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, shares of our common stock. Certain
limited transfers are permitted during the lock-up period if the transferee agrees to these lock-up restrictions. We have also agreed
to similar lock-up restrictions on the issuance and sale of our securities for 90 days following the closing of this offering, although
we will be permitted to issue stock options or stock awards to directors, officers and employees under our existing plans. The lock-up
period is subject to an additional extension to accommodate for our reports of financial results or material news releases. The Placement
Agent may, in its sole discretion and without notice, waive the terms of any of these lock-up agreements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Transfer Agent and Registrar</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The transfer agent and registrar for our common
stock is American Stock Transfer&nbsp;&amp; Trust Company, LLC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Other Relationships</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Placement Agent and its affiliates have engaged,
and may in the future engage, in investment banking transactions and other commercial dealings in the ordinary course of business with
us or our affiliates. The Placement Agent has received, or may in the future receive, customary fees and commissions for these transactions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, in the ordinary course of their business
activities, the Placement Agent and its affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities
(or related derivative securities) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Such investments and securities activities
may involve securities and/or instruments of ours or our affiliates. The Placement Agent and its affiliates may also make investment recommendations
and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or financial instruments and may hold, or recommend
to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Indemnification</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have agreed to indemnify the Placement Agent
against liabilities relating to the offering arising under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, liabilities arising from breaches
of some or all of the representations and warranties contained in the Placement Agent Agreement, and to contribute to payments that the
Placement Agent may be required to make for these liabilities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Electronic Distribution</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">A prospectus in electronic format may be made available
on a website maintained by the Placement Agent and the Placement Agent may distribute prospectuses electronically. Other than the prospectus
in electronic format, the information on these websites is not part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus
forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the Placement Agent and should not be relied upon by investors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Foreign Regulatory Restrictions on Purchase of Securities Offered
Hereby Generally</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">No action has been or will be taken in any jurisdiction
(except in the United States) that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus, or the possession, circulation
or distribution of this prospectus or any other material relating to us or the securities offered hereby in any jurisdiction where action
for that purpose is required. Accordingly, the securities offered hereby may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, and neither
of this prospectus nor any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the securities offered hereby may be distributed
or published, in or from any country or jurisdiction except in compliance with any applicable rules&nbsp;and regulations of any such country
or jurisdiction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Placement Agent may arrange to sell securities
offered by this prospectus in certain jurisdictions outside the United States, either directly or through affiliates, where they are permitted
to do so. See &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Nasdaq Listing</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital
Market under the symbol &ldquo;APDN.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="Sp2_009"></A>Experts</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Marcum
LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements included in our <FONT><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057821000497/apdn-20210930x10k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the years ended September&nbsp;30, 2021</A> and <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_10k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">2020</A></FONT></FONT>, as set forth in their report, which is incorporated
by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in this registration statement. Marcum LLP&rsquo;s report includes an explanatory paragraph
relating to our ability to continue as a going concern. Our consolidated financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance
on Marcum LLP&rsquo;s report, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="Sp2_010"></A>Legal
Matters</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Certain legal matters relating to the issuance
of the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP, New York, New York. Certain
legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the Placement Agent by Ellenoff Grossman&nbsp;&amp; Schole LLP,
New York, New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="Sp2_011"></A>Where
you can find more information</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus is a part of the registration statement
on Form&nbsp;S-1 we filed with the SEC under the Securities Act and does not contain all the information set forth in the registration
statement. Whenever a reference is made in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the reference may not
be complete and you should refer to the exhibits that are a part of the registration statement or the exhibits to the reports or other
documents incorporated herein by reference for a copy of such contract, agreement or other document. Because we are subject to the information
and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, we file or furnish, as applicable, annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements
and other information with the SEC. The SEC also maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other
information regarding companies, such as ours, that file documents electronically with the SEC. The website address is www.sec.gov. The
information on the SEC&rsquo;s website is not part of this prospectus, and any references to this website or any other website are inactive
textual references only. Our Internet address is www.adnas.com. The information found on our website is not part of this prospectus and
investors should not rely on any such information in deciding whether to invest.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="Sp2_012"></A>Incorporation
by Reference</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have elected to incorporate certain information
by reference into this prospectus. By incorporating by reference, we can disclose important information to you by referring you to other
documents we have filed or will file with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus,
except for information incorporated by reference that is superseded by information contained in this prospectus. This means that you must
look at all of the SEC filings that we incorporate by reference to determine if any statements in the prospectus or any document previously
incorporated by reference have been modified or superseded. This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents set forth below that
we have previously filed with the SEC, except in each case the information contained in such document to the extent &ldquo;furnished&rdquo;
and not &ldquo;filed&rdquo; (Commission File No.&nbsp;001-36745):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057821000497/apdn-20210930x10k.htm">Our Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the year ended September&nbsp;30, 2021, as filed with the SEC on December&nbsp;9, 2021</A>, as <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057821000536/apdn-20210930x10ka.htm">amended by the Form&nbsp;10-K/A as filed with the SEC on December&nbsp;14, 2021</A>, as further <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822000063/apdn-20210930x10ka.htm">amended by the Form&nbsp;10-K/A as filed with the SEC on January&nbsp;28, 2022</A>;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822000113/apdn-20211231x10q.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Our Quarterly Reports on Form&nbsp;10-Q for the three month period ended December&nbsp;31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on February&nbsp;10, 2022</A>, and <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822001364/apdn-20220331x10q.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">for the three and six month periods ended March&nbsp;31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on May&nbsp;12, 2022</A>; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD><TD>Our Current Reports on Form&nbsp;8-K (other than portions thereof furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form&nbsp;8-K and exhibits
accompanying such reports that are related to such items) as filed with the SEC on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921134356/tm2131990d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">November&nbsp;4, 2021</A> and <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">February&nbsp;23, 2022</A>.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">All reports and other documents subsequently filed
by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act prior to the termination of this offering, including all
such documents we may file with the SEC after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration
statement but excluding any information furnished and not filed with the SEC, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this
prospectus and to be a part hereof from the date of filing such reports and other documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Information in such future filings updates and
supplements the information provided in this prospectus. Any statements in any such future filings will automatically be deemed to modify
and supersede any information in any document we previously filed with the SEC that is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein
by reference to the extent that statements in the later filed document modify or replace such earlier statements. Any statement so modified
or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">You may obtain copies of these documents on the
website maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. We will furnish to you, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the
documents that have been incorporated by reference, including exhibits to these documents. You may request a copy of those filings at
no cost by writing or telephoning us at Corporate Secretary, Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New
York 11790, (631) 240-8800 or visiting our website at http://www.adnas.com. No information contained on our website is intended to be
included as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>$10,000,000</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>Up to&nbsp;14,285,714&nbsp;Shares of Common
Stock and Accompanying Series A Warrants to Purchase up to 14,285,714 Shares of Common Stock and Series B Warrants to Purchase up to
14,285,714 Shares of Common Stock</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>Up to 14,285,714 Pre-Funded Warrants to
Purchase Up to&nbsp;14,285,714&nbsp;Shares of Common Stock</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> &nbsp; </P>

<P STYLE="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>and
Accompanying Series A Warrants to Purchase up to 14,285,714 Shares of Common Stock and Series B</B></FONT><B> Warrants to Purchase up
to 14,285,714&nbsp;Shares of Common Stock</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>&nbsp;</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <B>Shares of Common Stock Underlying the Pre-Funded
Warrants and Series Warrants&nbsp;</B> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><IMG SRC="tm2222270d1_s1a2img01.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 16pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 16pt"><B>H.C. Wainwright&nbsp;&amp;
Co.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">, 2022</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>PART&nbsp;II</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>INFORMATION
NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item 13.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets forth the fees and expenses,
other than placement agent fees and expenses, payable in connection with the registration of the securities hereunder. All amounts are
estimates except the SEC registration fee and the FINRA filing fee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 95%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Amount
    <BR>
    to be&nbsp;paid</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD STYLE="width: 87%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SEC registration fee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,854.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">FINRA filing fee</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,500.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Printing expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal fees and expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">150,000.00</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accounting fees and expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Transfer Agent fees and
    expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">193,354.00</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item 14.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Indemnification of Directors and Officers</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Section&nbsp;145 of the Delaware General Corporation
Law provides that a corporation may indemnify directors and officers as well as other employees and individuals against expenses (including
attorney&rsquo;s fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any threatened,
pending or completed actions, suits or proceedings in which such person is made a party by reason of such person being or having been
a director, officer, employee or agent to the corporation. The Delaware General Corporation Law provides that Section&nbsp;145 is not
exclusive of other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or
disinterested directors or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section&nbsp;102(b)(7)&nbsp;of the Delaware General
Corporation Law provides that a corporation may adopt a provision in its certificate of incorporation eliminating or limiting the personal
liability of a director of the corporation to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breaches of fiduciary duty
as a director, except for liability for any: (i)&nbsp;breach of the director&rsquo;s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders;
(ii)&nbsp;acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; (iii)&nbsp;unlawful
payment of dividends or unlawful stock purchases or redemptions; or (iv)&nbsp;transaction from which the director derives an improper
personal benefit.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Certificate of Incorporation provides to the
fullest extent permitted by Delaware law that our directors or officers shall not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for damages
for breach of such director&rsquo;s or officer&rsquo;s fiduciary duty. The effect of this provision of our Certificate of Incorporation
is to eliminate our rights and the rights of our stockholders (through stockholders&rsquo; derivative suits on behalf of our Company)
to recover damages against a director or officer for breach of the fiduciary duty of care as a director or officer (including breaches
resulting from negligent or grossly negligent behavior), except under certain situations defined by statute. We believe that the indemnification
provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Certificate of Incorporation also provides
that we shall have the power to indemnify, to the extent permitted by the DGCL, as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended from
time to time, any employee or agent of ours who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding by reason of the
fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of ours or is or was serving at our request as a director, officer,
employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee
benefit plans, against expenses (including attorneys&rsquo; fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably
incurred by such person in connection with any such proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section&nbsp;9.3 of our By-Laws provides for the
indemnification of our directors, officers and employees to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have entered into an indemnification agreement
(each, an &ldquo;Indemnification Agreement&rdquo;) with each of our directors and executive officers. In general, the Indemnification
Agreement obligates us to indemnify a director or executive officer, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, for certain expenses,
including attorneys&rsquo; fees, judgments, penalties, fines and settlement amounts actually and reasonably incurred by them in any action
or proceeding arising out of their services as one of our directors or executive officers, or any of our subsidiaries or any other company
or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request. In addition, the Indemnification Agreement provides for the advancement
of expenses incurred by the indemnitee in connection with any covered proceeding to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. The
rights provided by the Indemnification Agreement are in addition to any other rights to indemnification or advancement of expenses to
which the indemnitee may be entitled under applicable law, our Certificate of Incorporation or By-Laws, or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising
under the Securities Act, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of ours pursuant to the foregoing provisions,
or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities
Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by
us of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of ours in the successful defense of any action, suit or
proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless
in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the
question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final
adjudication of such issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We maintain a director and officer insurance policy
that covers certain liabilities of our directors and officers arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as
directors or officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item 15.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">On
February&nbsp;21, 2022, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (&ldquo;Securities Purchase Agreement&rdquo;) with an institutional
investor (&ldquo;Purchaser&rdquo;). Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, we agreed to sell in a registered direct offering (&ldquo;Registered
Direct Offering&rdquo;) 1,496,400 shares of our&nbsp;Common Stock, and/or pre-funded warrants (&ldquo;Pre-Funded Warrants&rdquo;) to purchase
shares of Common Stock to the extent that the Purchaser determines, in its sole discretion, that such Purchaser would beneficially own
in excess of 4.99% (or at the Purchaser&rsquo;s election, 9.99%). The Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.0001 per share
and are immediately exercisable and can be exercised at any time after their original issuance until such Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised
in full. Each Share was sold at an offering price of $2.80 and each Pre-Funded Warrant was sold at an offering price of $2.7999 (equal
to the purchase price per Share minus the exercise price of the Pre-Funded Warrant). Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, in
a concurrent private placement (together with the Registered Direct Offering, the &ldquo;Offerings&rdquo;), we also agreed to issue to
the Purchaser unregistered warrants (&ldquo;Common Warrants&rdquo;) to purchase up to 1,496,400 shares of Common Stock. Each Common Warrant
has an exercise price of $2.84 per share, is exercisable six months from the date of issuance and will expire five years from the initial
exercise date. The Company has agreed to file a registration statement with respect to the shares of Common Stock underlying the Common
Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Roth
Capital Partners, LLC (the &ldquo;Placement Agent&rdquo;) acted as the exclusive placement agent for the Offerings, pursuant to a placement
agency agreement (the &ldquo;Placement Agreement&rdquo;), dated February&nbsp;21, 2022, by and between the Company and the Placement Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
closing of the Offerings took place on February&nbsp;24, 2022 (the &ldquo;Closing Date&rdquo;). The Shares and the Pre-Funded Warrants
were offered and sold pursuant to our shelf registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 (File No.&nbsp;333-238557) initially filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Commission&rdquo;) on May&nbsp;21, 2020 and declared effective on June&nbsp;1, 2020. A
prospectus supplement relating to the Registered Direct Offering was filed with the Commission on February&nbsp;23, 2022. None of the
Common Warrants or the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Common Warrants are registered under the Securities Act
of 1933 as amended (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;). The Common Warrants and shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise thereof were
issued in reliance on the exemptions from registration provided by Section&nbsp;4(a)(2)&nbsp;under the Securities Act and Regulation D
promulgated thereunder for transactions not involving a public offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item 16.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>(a)&nbsp;Exhibits</I></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The following exhibits are being filed with this
Registration Statement:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Incorporated by Reference to SEC Filing</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;No.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left; width: 36%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Filed
    Exhibit&nbsp;Description</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 8%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Form</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;No.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>File
    No.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Date
    Filed</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Filed
    or <BR>
    Furnished<BR>
    Herewith-</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Conformed version of Certificate of Incorporation of Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., as most recently amended by the Fifth Certificate of Amendment, effective Thursday, September&nbsp;17, 2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-8</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;333-249365</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10/07/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811209000105/ex3-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811209000105/ex3-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By-Laws</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811209000105/ex3-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811209000105/ex3-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811209000105/ex3-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">002-90539</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811209000105/ex3-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1/16/2009</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description of Securities</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">002-90539</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12/17/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Purchase Warrant</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12/20/2017</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.3</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common Stock Purchase Warrant</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12/21/2018</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.4</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of common warrant certificate (included in the Warrant Agreement, dated November&nbsp;15, 2019)</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11/18/2019</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.5</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Indenture</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-3</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">333-238557</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">05/21/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.6</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Common Stock Purchase Warrant</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10/14/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.7 </FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Pre-Funded Common Stock Purchase Warrant</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">02/23/2022</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.8</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Common Stock Purchase Warrant</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">02/23/2022</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>

<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 10%"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex4-9.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.9</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 36%"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex4-9.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of
    Series A Warrant</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 8%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 10%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 10%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 10%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; width: 10%"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex4-9.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT> </A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex4-10.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.10</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex4-10.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Series B Warrant</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex4-10.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT> </A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex4-11.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.11</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex4-11.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Pre-Funded
    Warrant.</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex4-11.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT> </A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex5-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.1</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex5-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Opinion of McDermott
    Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex5-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT> </A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>

<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 10%"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915009962/t83787_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1&dagger;</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 36%"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915009962/t83787_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of employee stock option agreement under the Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. 2005 Incentive Stock Plan</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 8%"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915009962/t83787_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-Q</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 10%"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915009962/t83787_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 10%"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915009962/t83787_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">002-90539</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 10%"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915009962/t83787_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">05/15/2012</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419018218/tv517608-def14a.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2&dagger;</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419018218/tv517608-def14a.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. 2005 Incentive Stock Plan, as amended and restated &nbsp;</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419018218/tv517608-def14a.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DEF 14A</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419018218/tv517608-def14a.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Appendix A</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419018218/tv517608-def14a.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419018218/tv517608-def14a.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">04/04/2019</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212001641/ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3&dagger;</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212001641/ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of employee stock option agreement under the Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. 2005 Incentive Stock Plan, as amended</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212001641/ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212001641/ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212001641/ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212001641/ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12/14/2015</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920089239/tm2024845-2_def14a.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.4&dagger;</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920089239/tm2024845-2_def14a.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920089239/tm2024845-2_def14a.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DEF 14A</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920089239/tm2024845-2_def14a.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Appendix A</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920089239/tm2024845-2_def14a.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920089239/tm2024845-2_def14a.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">08/03/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.5&dagger;</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan Stock Option Grant Notice and Award Agreement</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">S-8</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">333-249365</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10/07/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916016981/t1600484_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.6&dagger;</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916016981/t1600484_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Employment Agreement, dated July&nbsp;1, 2016, between James A. Hayward and Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916016981/t1600484_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916016981/t1600484_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916016981/t1600484_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916016981/t1600484_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">08/02/2016</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212002871/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.7&dagger;</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212002871/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Indemnification Agreement dated as of September&nbsp;7, 2012, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and each of its directors and executive officers</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212002871/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212002871/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212002871/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">002-90539</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212002871/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9/13/2012</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104914006670/t1402301_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.8</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104914006670/t1402301_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant Agreement, dated November&nbsp;20, 2014, between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and American Stock Transfer&nbsp;&amp; Trust Company, LLC as warrant agent</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104914006670/t1402301_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104914006670/t1402301_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104914006670/t1402301_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104914006670/t1402301_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11/20/2014</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915002558/t81941_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.9</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915002558/t81941_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">First Amendment to Warrant Agreement dated April&nbsp;1, 2015 between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and American Stock Transfer&nbsp;&amp; Trust Company, LLC as warrant agent</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915002558/t81941_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915002558/t81941_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915002558/t81941_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915002558/t81941_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4/1/2015</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.10</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Second Amendment to Warrant Agreement dated November&nbsp;2, 2016</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.4</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11/2/2016</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417042045/v472281_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.11*</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 36%"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417042045/v472281_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">License Agreement with Himatsingka America,&nbsp;Inc. dated June&nbsp;23, 2017</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 8%"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417042045/v472281_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-Q</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417042045/v472281_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417042045/v472281_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417042045/v472281_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0 8/10/2017</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.12</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registration Rights Agreement, dated November&nbsp;29, 2018</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12/6/2018</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.13</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities Purchase Agreement, dated November&nbsp;29, 2018</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12/6/2018</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063812/tv508735_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.14</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063812/tv508735_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registration Rights Agreement, dated August&nbsp;31, 2018</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063812/tv508735_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K/A</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063812/tv508735_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063812/tv508735_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063812/tv508735_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12/10/2018</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065023/tv507795_ex10-45.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.15</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065023/tv507795_ex10-45.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August&nbsp;31, 2018</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065023/tv507795_ex10-45.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065023/tv507795_ex10-45.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.45</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065023/tv507795_ex10-45.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065023/tv507795_ex10-45.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12/18/2018</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419024873/tv520548_ex10-10.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.16</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419024873/tv520548_ex10-10.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Patent and Know-How License and Cooperation Agreement, dated March&nbsp;28, 2019, between the Company, APDN (B.V.I.),&nbsp;Inc., and ETCH BioTrace S.A.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419024873/tv520548_ex10-10.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-Q</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419024873/tv520548_ex10-10.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.10</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419024873/tv520548_ex10-10.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419024873/tv520548_ex10-10.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5/9/2019</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.17</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registration Rights Agreement, dated July&nbsp;16, 2019 by and among Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and the investor named on the signature page&nbsp;thereof.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">07/17/2019</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.18</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities Purchase Agreement, dated July&nbsp;16, 2019 by and among Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and the investor named on the signature page&nbsp;thereof.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">07/17/2019</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419039187/tv527257_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.19</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419039187/tv527257_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Asset Purchase Agreement, dated July&nbsp;29, 2019 by and between LineaRX,&nbsp;Inc. and Vitatex&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419039187/tv527257_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419039187/tv527257_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419039187/tv527257_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419039187/tv527257_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0 8/12/2019</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419041661/tv528207_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.20</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419041661/tv528207_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Subscription Agreement between investors and Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., dated August&nbsp;22, 2019.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419041661/tv528207_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419041661/tv528207_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419041661/tv528207_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419041661/tv528207_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">08/26/2019</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex1-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.21</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex1-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Underwriting Agreement entered into by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Maxim Group LLC, as Representative of the Underwriters listed in Schedule I hereto, dated November&nbsp;13, 2019.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex1-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex1-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex1-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex1-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11/14/2019</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.22</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant Agreement, dated November&nbsp;15, 2019, between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and American Stock Transfer&nbsp;&amp; Trust Company, LLC</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11/18/2019</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.23&dagger;</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consulting Agreement, dated as of December&nbsp;12, 2019, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Meadow Hill Place, LLC</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-Q</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">08/06/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811213002398/ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.24</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811213002398/ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Agreement of Lease dated June&nbsp;14, 2013, between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Long Island High Technology Incubator,&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811213002398/ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-Q</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811213002398/ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811213002398/ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">002-90539</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811213002398/ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">08/13/2013</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.25</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Agreement of Lease, dated November&nbsp;1, 2015, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Long Island High Technology Incubator,&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-Q</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">08/06/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916015201/t1600281_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.26</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916015201/t1600281_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Option Exercise Notice, dated December&nbsp;3, 2015, Pursuant to Lease dated June&nbsp;14, 2013, between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Long Island High Technology Incubator,&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916015201/t1600281_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-Q</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916015201/t1600281_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916015201/t1600281_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916015201/t1600281_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">05/12/2016</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.27</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Temporary Lease Extension Agreement, dated August&nbsp;9, 2019, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Long Island High Technology Incubator,&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-Q</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">08/06/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.28</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendment to Leases, dated November&nbsp;4, 2019, by and between Long Island High Technology Incubator,&nbsp;Inc. and Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-Q</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.4</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">08/06/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.29</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendment to Leases, dated January&nbsp;17, 2020, by and between Long Island High Technology Incubator,&nbsp;Inc. and Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-Q</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.5</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">08/06/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.30</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant Exercise Agreement, dated October&nbsp;7, 2020, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Dillon Hill Capital,&nbsp;LLC.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10/14/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.31</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant Exercise Agreement, dated October&nbsp;7, 2020, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Dillon Hill Investment Company&nbsp;LLC.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10/14/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.32</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registration Rights Agreement, dated October&nbsp;7, 2020, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Dillon Hill Capital,&nbsp;LLC.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.4</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10/14/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.33</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registration Rights Agreement, dated October&nbsp;7, 2020, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Dillon Hill Investment Company&nbsp;LLC.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.5</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10/14/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-6.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.34</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-6.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Letter Agreement, dated October&nbsp;9, 2020, by and among Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., Dillon Hill Capital, LLC, and Delaware Trust Company, as Collateral Agent.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-6.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-6.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.6</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-6.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-6.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10/14/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-7.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.35</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-7.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent, dated October&nbsp;9, 2020, from Dillon Hill Capital, LLC to Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-7.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-7.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.7</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-7.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-7.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10/14/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-46.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.36+</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-46.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joint Development Agreement, dated September&nbsp;11, 2018, between LineaRx,&nbsp;Inc., Takis S.R.L. and Evvivax S.R.L., as amended by that First Amendment, dated February&nbsp;3, 2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-46.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-46.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.46</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-46.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-46.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12/17/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-47.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.37</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-47.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Animal Clinical Trial Agreement, dated September&nbsp;14, 2020, between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., Evvivax S.R.L. and Veterinary Oncology Services, PLLC</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-47.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-47.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.47</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-47.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-47.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12/17/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921032153/tm218657d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.38</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921032153/tm218657d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Letter Agreement dated March&nbsp;2, 2021, by and between the Company and Dr.&nbsp;James Hayward</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921032153/tm218657d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921032153/tm218657d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921032153/tm218657d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921032153/tm218657d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0 3/04/2021</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921002738/tm212720d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.39</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921002738/tm212720d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Securities Purchase Agreement</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921002738/tm212720d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921002738/tm212720d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921002738/tm212720d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921002738/tm212720d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">01/11/2021</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.40</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Placement Agency Agreement by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Roth Capital Partners, LLC, dated February&nbsp;21, 2022</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">02/23/2022</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.41</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Securities Purchase Agreement</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">02/23/2022</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex10-42.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.42</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex10-42.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Securities
    Purchase Agreement</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex10-42.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> Filed </A></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex21-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex21-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subsidiaries of Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex21-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10-K</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex21-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex21-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">001-36745</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex21-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12/17/2020</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex23-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.1</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex23-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent of Marcum LLP</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex23-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> Filed </A></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex23-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.2</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex23-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent of McDermott
Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP (included in Exhibit&nbsp;5.1)</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex23-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> Filed </A></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922080864/tm2220765d1_s1.htm#S_001" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24.1</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922080864/tm2220765d1_s1.htm#S_001" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Power
    of Attorney (previously filed)</FONT> </A></TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922080864/tm2220765d1_s1.htm#S_001" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT> </A></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex107.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">107</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex107.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filing Fee Table</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><A HREF="tm2222270d1_ex107.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT></A></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 36%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&dagger; Indicates a management contract or any compensatory plan,
contract or arrangement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">* A request for confidentiality has been granted for certain portions
of the indicated document. Confidential portions have been omitted and filed separately with the SEC as required by Rule&nbsp;24b-2 promulgated
under the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt">**&nbsp;Portions of the indicated document have been omitted because
the information is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the registrant if publicly disclosed. The omissions have
been indicated by bracketed asterisks (&ldquo;[***]&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>(b)&nbsp;Financial Statement Schedules</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">All schedules have been omitted because either
they are not required, are not applicable or the information is otherwise set forth in the financial statements and related notes thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item 17.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Undertakings</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To
file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To
include any prospectus required by Section&nbsp;10(a)(3)&nbsp;of the Securities Act of 1933;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To
reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective
amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration
statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities
offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range
may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;if,
in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set
forth in the &ldquo;Calculation of Registration Fee&rdquo; table in the effective registration statement; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To
include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any
material change to such information in the registration statement;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>provided,
however</I></FONT>, that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii)&nbsp;and (1)(iii)&nbsp;above do not apply if the information required to be included
in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission
by the registrant pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or Section&nbsp;15(d)&nbsp;of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated
by reference in the registration statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That,
for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be
a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed
to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To
remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination
of the offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That,
for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;as
part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule&nbsp;430B or other than prospectuses
filed in reliance on Rule&nbsp;430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first
used after effectiveness. <I>Provided, however</I>, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the
registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus
that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede
or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made
in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That
for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution
of securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to
this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are
offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the
purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any
preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any
free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the
undersigned registrant;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant
or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any
other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That,
for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant&rsquo;s annual report pursuant
to Section&nbsp;13(a)&nbsp;or 15(d)&nbsp;of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit
plan&rsquo;s annual report pursuant to Section&nbsp;15(d)&nbsp;of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference
in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering
of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(7)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons
of the registrant pursuant to any charter provision, by law or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities
and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable.
In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid
by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted
by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the
opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question
whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication
of such issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(8)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For
purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part
of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule&nbsp;430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant
to Rule&nbsp;424(b)(1)&nbsp;or (4)&nbsp;or 497(h)&nbsp;under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement
as of the time it was declared effective; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For
the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus
shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at
that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>SIGNATURES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"> Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this amendment to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized,
in the Town of Stony Brook, State of New York, on August 1, 2022. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">APPLIED DNA SCIENCES,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 47%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/&nbsp;James A. Hayward</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">James A. Hayward</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">President and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Act of 1933, this amendment has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Signature</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Title</B></FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    James A. Hayward</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">President,
    Chairman of the Board of Directors and Director</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">August
    1, 2022</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">James
    A. Hayward</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Beth M. Jantzen</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Financial Officer</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">August
    1, 2022</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beth
    M. Jantzen</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Principal
    Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> * </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> August 1, 2022 </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">John
    Bitzer,&nbsp;III</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> * </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> August 1, 2022 </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Robert
    Catell</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> * </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">August
    1, 2022</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joseph
    D. Ceccoli</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> * </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> August 1, 2022 </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Scott
    L. Anchin</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> * </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> August 1, 2022 </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yacov
    A. Shamash</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> * </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> August 1, 2022 </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sanford
    R. Simon</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> * </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">August 1, 2022</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Elizabeth
    M. Schmalz</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: center"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.9
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>tm2222270d1_ex4-9.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.9
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT 4.9</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>SERIES A COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>applied
dna sciences, inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 50%">Warrant
Shares: _______</TD><TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 50%">Initial
Exercise Date: _______, 2022</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">THIS SERIES A COMMON STOCK PURCHASE
WARRANT (the &ldquo;<U>Warrant</U>&rdquo;) certifies that, for value received, _____________ or its assigns (the &ldquo;<U>Holder</U>&rdquo;)
is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after
the date hereof (the &ldquo;<U>Initial Exercise Date</U>&rdquo;) and on or prior to 5:00 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on _________,
2027<SUP>1</SUP> (the &ldquo;<U>Termination Date</U>&rdquo;) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), up to ______ shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the &ldquo;<U>Warrant
Shares</U>&rdquo;) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise
Price, as defined in Section&nbsp;2(b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;1</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Definitions</U>.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section&nbsp;1:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Affiliate</U>&rdquo;
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule&nbsp;405 under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Bid Price</U>&rdquo;
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading
Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m.&nbsp;(New
York City time) to 4:02 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time)), (b)&nbsp; if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average
price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c)&nbsp;if the Common Stock
is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market
(or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common
Stock so reported, or (d)&nbsp;in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser
selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company,
the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>1</SUP> Insert the date that is the five year anniversary of
the Initial Exercise Date, provided that, if such date is not a Trading Day, insert the immediately following Trading Day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Board
of Directors</U>&rdquo; means the board of directors of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Business
Day</U>&rdquo; means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized
or required by law to remain closed; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized
or required by law to remain closed due to &ldquo;stay at home&rdquo;, &ldquo;shelter-in-place&rdquo;, &ldquo;non-essential employee&rdquo;&nbsp;
or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority
so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally
are open for use by customers on such day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Commission</U>&rdquo;
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common
Stock</U>&rdquo; means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such
securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common
Stock Equivalents</U>&rdquo; means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire
at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is
at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Exchange
Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Person</U>&rdquo;
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company,
joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Purchase
Agreement</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of _________, 2022, by and among the Company and the purchasers
signatory thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Registration
Statement</U>&rdquo; means the Company&rsquo;s registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-1 (File No.&nbsp;333-266223).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Securities
Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Subsidiary</U>&rdquo;
means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed
or acquired after the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Trading
Day</U>&rdquo; means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Trading
Market</U>&rdquo; means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date
in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the New York
Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Transfer
Agent</U>&rdquo; means American Stock Transfer&nbsp;&amp; Trust Company, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing
address of 6201 15<SUP>th</SUP> Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219 and any successor transfer agent of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>VWAP</U>&rdquo;
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date)
on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30
a.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) to 4:02 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time)), (b)&nbsp; if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume
weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c)&nbsp;if
the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the
Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per
share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d)&nbsp;in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined
by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably
acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Warrants</U>&rdquo;
means this Warrant and other Common Stock purchase warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;2</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Exercise</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Exercise
of Warrant</U>. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on
or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted
by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the &ldquo;<U>Notice of Exercise</U>&rdquo;). Within
the earlier of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days and (ii)&nbsp;the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as
defined in Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise
Price for the shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier&rsquo;s check drawn on a United States
bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section&nbsp;2(c)&nbsp;below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise.
No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of
any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender
this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised
in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation as soon as reasonably practicable of the
date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a
portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant
Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall
maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection
to any Notice of Exercise within one (1)&nbsp;Business Day of receipt of such notice. <B>The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of
this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant
Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on
the face hereof.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Exercise
Price</U>. The exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $_____, subject to adjustment hereunder (the &ldquo;<U>Exercise
Price</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Cashless
Exercise</U>. If at the time of exercise hereof there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained
therein is not available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares to the Holder, then this Warrant may only be exercised, in whole or in
part, at such time by means of a &ldquo;cashless exercise&rdquo; in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant
Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">(A)&nbsp;= as applicable:
(i)&nbsp;the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is
(1)&nbsp;both executed and delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2)&nbsp;both executed
and delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; (as
defined in Rule&nbsp;600(b)&nbsp;of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii)&nbsp;at the
option of the Holder, either (y)&nbsp;the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise
or (z)&nbsp;the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder&rsquo;s
execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on a
Trading Day and is delivered within two (2)&nbsp;hours thereafter (including until two (2)&nbsp;hours after the close of &ldquo;regular
trading hours&rdquo; on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof or (iii)&nbsp;the VWAP on the date of the applicable
Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered
pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof after the close of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on such Trading Day;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in">(B)&nbsp;= the
Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">(X)&nbsp;= the
number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise
were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If Warrant Shares
are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section&nbsp;3(a)(9)&nbsp;of the Securities
Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised. The Company agrees not to take any
position contrary to this Section&nbsp;2(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding
anything herein to the contrary, on the Termination Date, this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant
to this Section&nbsp;2(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">d)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><U>Mechanics of Exercise</U>.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> i.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <U>Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</U>. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder&rsquo;s or its designee&rsquo;s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (&ldquo;<U>DWAC</U>&rdquo;) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A)&nbsp;there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B)&nbsp;this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company&rsquo;s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii)&nbsp;one (1)&nbsp;Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii)&nbsp;the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the &ldquo;<U>Warrant Share Delivery Date</U>&rdquo;). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days and (ii)&nbsp;the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the third Trading Day after the Warrant Share Delivery Date) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, &ldquo;<U>Standard Settlement Period</U>&rdquo; means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company&rsquo;s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s)&nbsp;of Exercise delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s)&nbsp;by 4:00 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date and the Initial Exercise Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date for purposes hereunder, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received by such Warrant Share Delivery Date.</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Delivery
of New Warrants Upon Exercise</U>. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and
upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing
the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects
be identical with this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Rescission
Rights</U>. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;by
the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iv.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Compensation
for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</U>. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if
the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;above
pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase
(in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder&rsquo;s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver
in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a &ldquo;<U>Buy-In</U>&rdquo;),
then the Company shall (A)&nbsp;pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x)&nbsp;the Holder&rsquo;s total purchase price
(including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y)&nbsp;the amount obtained by multiplying
(1)&nbsp;the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue
times (2)&nbsp;the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B)&nbsp;at the option of the
Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in
which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been
issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common
Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with
an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A)&nbsp;of the immediately preceding sentence
the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable
to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit
a Holder&rsquo;s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree
of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company&rsquo;s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock
upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof. The obligation of the Company to pay compensation for Buy-In under
this Section&nbsp;2(d)(iv)&nbsp;is subject to delivery by the Holder of the aggregate Exercise Price in accordance with the terms of Section&nbsp;2(a).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">v.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Fractional Shares or Scrip</U>. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this
Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall,
at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the
Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">vi.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Charges,
Taxes and Expenses</U>. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental
expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant
Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>,
that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for
exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form&nbsp;attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as
a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all
Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another
established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">vii.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Closing
of Books</U>. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant,
pursuant to the terms hereof.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Holder&rsquo;s
Exercise Limitations</U>. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise
any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section&nbsp;2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise
as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder&rsquo;s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting
as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder&rsquo;s Affiliates (such Persons, &ldquo;<U>Attribution Parties</U>&rdquo;)),
would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below).&nbsp; For purposes of the foregoing sentence,
the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number
of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude
the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i)&nbsp;exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant
beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii)&nbsp;exercise or conversion of the unexercised
or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject
to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its
Affiliates or Attribution Parties.&nbsp; Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section&nbsp;2(e), beneficial
ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated
thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance
with Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance
therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;applies, the determination of whether this Warrant
is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which
portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall
be deemed to be the Holder&rsquo;s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the
Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject
to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination
and shall have no liability for exercises of this Warrant that are not in compliance with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (other than
to the extent that information on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company is provided by the Company and relied
upon by the Holder). In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with
Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder and the Company shall have no obligation
to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination and shall have no liability for exercises of this Warrant that are not in compliance
with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common
Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A)&nbsp;the Company&rsquo;s most recent
periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B)&nbsp;a more recent public announcement by the Company or
(C)&nbsp;a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.&nbsp;
Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the
number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding.&nbsp; In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined
after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates
or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The &ldquo;<U>Beneficial
Ownership Limitation</U>&rdquo; shall be [4.99%/9.99%] of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving
effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase
or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section&nbsp;2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation
in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares
of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;shall continue to apply.
Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61<SUP>st</SUP> day after such notice is delivered
to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with
the terms of this Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with
the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give
effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;3</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Certain
Adjustments</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Stock
Dividends and Splits</U>. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i)&nbsp;pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes
a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of
Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this
Warrant), (ii)&nbsp;subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii)&nbsp;combines (including by way
of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv)&nbsp;issues by reclassification of
shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction
of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before
such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the
number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this
Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3(a)&nbsp;shall become effective immediately after the
record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately
after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Subsequent
Rights Offerings</U>. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section&nbsp;3(a)&nbsp;above, if at any time the Company grants, issues
or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders
of any class of shares of Common Stock (the &ldquo;<U>Purchase Rights</U>&rdquo;), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the
terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the
number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof,
including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant,
issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common
Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder&rsquo;s
right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder
shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as
a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until
such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Pro
Rata Distributions</U>. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution
of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including,
without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification,
corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a &ldquo;<U>Distribution</U>&rdquo;), at any time after
the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent
that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise
of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation)
immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the
record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>,
that, to the extent that the Holder's right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial
Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership
of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance
for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership
Limitation).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">d)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Fundamental
Transaction</U>. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i)&nbsp;the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related
transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii)&nbsp;the Company or any Subsidiary,
directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially
all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii)&nbsp;any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange
offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender
or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding
Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv)&nbsp;the Company, directly or indirectly, in
one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory
share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or
(v)&nbsp;the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other
business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with
another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or
50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each a &ldquo;<U>Fundamental Transaction</U>&rdquo;), then, upon
any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable
upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to
any limitation in Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring
corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the &ldquo;<U>Alternate Consideration</U>&rdquo;)
receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable
immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;on the exercise of this
Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such
Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental
Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the
relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities,
cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration
it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the
event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder&rsquo;s option, exercisable
at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the
public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount
of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation
of such Fundamental Transaction; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company's control,
including not approved by the Company's Board of Directors, Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor
Entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of this
Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Common Stock of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction,
whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Common Stock are given
the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; <U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>,
that if holders of Common Stock of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders
of Common Stock will be deemed to have received common stock of the Successor Entity (which Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental
Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. &ldquo;<U>Black Scholes Value</U>&rdquo; means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes
Option Pricing Model obtained from the &ldquo;OV&rdquo; function on Bloomberg, L.P. (&ldquo;<U>Bloomberg</U>&rdquo;) determined as of
the day of consummation of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A)&nbsp;a risk-free
interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the
applicable Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B)&nbsp;an expected volatility equal to the 100 day volatility obtained
from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the
public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C)&nbsp;the underlying price per share used in such calculation
shall be the greater of (i)&nbsp;the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration,
if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii)&nbsp;the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately
preceding the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental
Transaction, if earlier) and ending on the Trading Day of the Holder&rsquo;s request pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3(d)&nbsp;and (D)&nbsp;a
remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction
and the Termination Date and (E)&nbsp;a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately
available funds (or such other consideration) within five Business Days of the Holder&rsquo;s election (or, if later, on the date of consummation
of the Fundamental Transaction). The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not
the survivor (the &ldquo;<U>Successor Entity</U>&rdquo;) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant
in accordance with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3(d)&nbsp;pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory
to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of
the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially
similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor
Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without
regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies
the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock
pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such
exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental
Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction,
the Successor Entity shall be added to the term &ldquo;Company&rdquo; under this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation
of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;
shall refer instead to each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity
or Successor Entities, jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the
Successor Entity or Successor Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant and the other
Transaction Documents with the same effect as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had
been named as the Company herein.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Calculations</U>.
All calculations under this Section&nbsp;3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For
purposes of this Section&nbsp;3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be
the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">f)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice
to Holder</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Adjustment
to Exercise Price</U>. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section&nbsp;3, the Company shall promptly
deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number
of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice
to Allow Exercise by Holder</U>. If (A)&nbsp;the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the
Common Stock, (B)&nbsp;the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C)&nbsp;the
Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of
capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D)&nbsp;the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection
with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries) is a party,
any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted
into other securities, cash or property, or (E)&nbsp;the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation
or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its
last email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record
or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x)&nbsp;the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend,
distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock
of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y)&nbsp;the date on
which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the
date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock
for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange;
provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the
corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains,
material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with
the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period
commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set
forth herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">g)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Voluntary
Adjustments By Company</U>. Subject to the rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Trading Market, the Company may at any time during the term
of this Warrant reduce the then current Exercise Price to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors
of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;4</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transfer
of Warrant</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transferability</U>.
This Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part,
upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this
Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any
transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute
and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations
specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so
assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required
to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall
surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3)&nbsp;Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to
the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder
for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>New
Warrants</U>. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company,
together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or
its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section&nbsp;4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination,
the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance
with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be
identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Warrant
Register</U>. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the &ldquo;<U>Warrant
Register</U>&rdquo;), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder
of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other
purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;5</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Miscellaneous</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash</U>. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends
or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section&nbsp;2(d)(i), except as expressly
set forth in Section&nbsp;3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a &ldquo;cashless exercise&rdquo; pursuant
to Section&nbsp;2(c)&nbsp;or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;and Section&nbsp;2(d)(iv)&nbsp;herein, in
no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Loss,
Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant</U>. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory
to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case
of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include
the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make
and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays,&nbsp;etc</U>. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or
granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business
Day.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">d)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Authorized
Shares</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company covenants
that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number
of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further
covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the
necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action
as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation,
or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares
which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented
by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable
and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any
transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except and to the
extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate
of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or
any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all
times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate
to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the
Company will (i)&nbsp;not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately
prior to such increase in par value, (ii)&nbsp;take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly
and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii)&nbsp;use commercially reasonable
efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may
be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Before taking any
action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price,
the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory
body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Governing
Law</U>. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and
construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of
law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions
contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders,
partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York.
Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough
of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed
herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally
subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding.
Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding
by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address
in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and
notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted
by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in
such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and other costs and
expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">f)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Restrictions</U>.
The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not
utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">g)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Nonwaiver
and Expenses</U>. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as
a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder&rsquo;s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this
Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages
to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but
not limited to, reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts
due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">h)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notices</U>.
Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice
of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed
to the Company, at 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790, Attention: <B>Beth Jantzen</B>, email address: beth.jantzen@adnas.com,
or such other email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other
communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent
by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing
on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest
of (i)&nbsp;the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this
Section&nbsp;prior to 5:30 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on any date, (ii)&nbsp;the next Trading Day after the time of transmission,
if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section&nbsp;on a day that is not a Trading
Day or later than 5:30 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii)&nbsp;the second Trading Day following the date of mailing,
if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv)&nbsp;upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is
required to be given. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding
the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on
Form&nbsp;8-K.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Limitation
of Liability</U>. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant
Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase
price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the
Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">j)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Remedies</U>.
The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific
performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss
incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any
action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">k)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Successors
and Assigns</U>. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the
benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder.
The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable
by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">l)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Amendment</U>.
This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">m)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Severability</U>.
Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law,
but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the
extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">n)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Headings</U>.
The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">********************</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>(Signature Page&nbsp;Follows)</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company
has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD></TD><TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>applied dna sciences, inc.</B></FONT></TD>
</TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 47%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">By:</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Name:</TD></TR>
     <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Title: </TD></TR>
     </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>NOTICE OF EXERCISE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">To:</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">applied
dna sciences, inc.</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised
in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Payment
shall take the form of (check applicable box):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">[ ] in lawful money of the United States;
or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">[ ] if permitted the cancellation of
such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with
respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Please
issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following
DWAC Account Number:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">[SIGNATURE
OF HOLDER]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 17%">Name of Investing Entity:</TD><TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 83%">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%"><I>Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity:</I></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left"><I>&nbsp;</I></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 65%"><I>&nbsp;</I></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%">Name of Authorized Signatory:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 80%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 20%">Title of Authorized Signatory:</TD><TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 80%">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%">Date:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 94%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 19 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ASSIGNMENT FORM</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this
form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and
all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Please Print)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">(Please Print)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">Phone Number:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">Email Address:
</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated: _______________ __, ______</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holder&rsquo;s Signature:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; width: 13%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holder&rsquo;s Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; width: 37%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

</BODY>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.10
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm2222270d1_ex4-10.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.10
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;4.10</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>SERIES B COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>applied
dna sciences, inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 50%">Warrant
Shares: _______</TD><TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 50%">Initial
Exercise Date: _______, 2022</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">THIS SERIES B COMMON STOCK PURCHASE
WARRANT (the &ldquo;<U>Warrant</U>&rdquo;) certifies that, for value received, _____________ or its assigns (the &ldquo;<U>Holder</U>&rdquo;)
is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after
the date hereof (the &ldquo;<U>Initial Exercise Date</U>&rdquo;) and on or prior to 5:00 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on _________,
2023<SUP>1</SUP> (the &ldquo;<U>Termination Date</U>&rdquo;) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), up to ______ shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the &ldquo;<U>Warrant
Shares</U>&rdquo;) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise
Price, as defined in Section&nbsp;2(b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;1</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Definitions</U>.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section&nbsp;1:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Affiliate</U>&rdquo;
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule&nbsp;405 under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Bid Price</U>&rdquo;
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading
Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m.&nbsp;(New
York City time) to 4:02 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time)), (b)&nbsp; if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average
price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c)&nbsp;if the Common Stock
is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market
(or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common
Stock so reported, or (d)&nbsp;in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser
selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company,
the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Board
of Directors</U>&rdquo; means the board of directors of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>1</SUP> Insert the date that is the thirteen month anniversary
of the Initial Exercise Date, provided that, if such date is not a Trading Day, insert the immediately following Trading Day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Business
Day</U>&rdquo; means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized
or required by law to remain closed; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized
or required by law to remain closed due to &ldquo;stay at home&rdquo;, &ldquo;shelter-in-place&rdquo;, &ldquo;non-essential employee&rdquo;&nbsp;
or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority
so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally
are open for use by customers on such day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Commission</U>&rdquo;
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common
Stock</U>&rdquo; means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such
securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common
Stock Equivalents</U>&rdquo; means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire
at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is
at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Exchange
Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Person</U>&rdquo;
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company,
joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Purchase
Agreement</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of _________, 2022, by and among the Company and the purchasers
signatory thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Registration
Statement</U>&rdquo; means the Company&rsquo;s registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-1 (File No.&nbsp;333-266223).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Securities
Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Subsidiary</U>&rdquo;
means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed
or acquired after the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Trading
Day</U>&rdquo; means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Trading
Market</U>&rdquo; means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date
in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the New York
Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Transfer
Agent</U>&rdquo; means American Stock Transfer&nbsp;&amp; Trust Company, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing
address of 6201 15<SUP>th</SUP> Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219 and any successor transfer agent of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>VWAP</U>&rdquo;
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date)
on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30
a.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) to 4:02 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time)), (b)&nbsp; if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume
weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c)&nbsp;if
the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the
Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per
share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d)&nbsp;in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined
by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably
acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Warrants</U>&rdquo;
means this Warrant and other Common Stock purchase warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;2</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Exercise</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Exercise
of Warrant</U>. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on
or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted
by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the &ldquo;<U>Notice of Exercise</U>&rdquo;). Within
the earlier of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days and (ii)&nbsp;the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as
defined in Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise
Price for the shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier&rsquo;s check drawn on a United States
bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section&nbsp;2(c)&nbsp;below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise.
No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of
any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender
this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised
in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation as soon as reasonably practicable of the
date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a
portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant
Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall
maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection
to any Notice of Exercise within one (1)&nbsp;Business Day of receipt of such notice. <B>The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of
this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant
Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on
the face hereof.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Exercise
Price</U>. The exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $_____, subject to adjustment hereunder (the &ldquo;<U>Exercise
Price</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Cashless
Exercise</U>. If at the time of exercise hereof there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained
therein is not available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares to the Holder, then this Warrant may only be exercised, in whole or in
part, at such time by means of a &ldquo;cashless exercise&rdquo; in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant
Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">(A)&nbsp;= as applicable:
(i)&nbsp;the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is
(1)&nbsp;both executed and delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2)&nbsp;both executed
and delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; (as
defined in Rule&nbsp;600(b)&nbsp;of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii)&nbsp;at the
option of the Holder, either (y)&nbsp;the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise
or (z)&nbsp;the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder&rsquo;s
execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on a
Trading Day and is delivered within two (2)&nbsp;hours thereafter (including until two (2)&nbsp;hours after the close of &ldquo;regular
trading hours&rdquo; on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof or (iii)&nbsp;the VWAP on the date of the applicable
Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered
pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof after the close of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on such Trading Day;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in">(B)&nbsp;= the
Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">(X)&nbsp;= the
number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise
were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If Warrant Shares
are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section&nbsp;3(a)(9)&nbsp;of the Securities
Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised. The Company agrees not to take any
position contrary to this Section&nbsp;2(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding
anything herein to the contrary, on the Termination Date, this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant
to this Section&nbsp;2(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">d)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><U>Mechanics of Exercise</U>.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> i.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <U>Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</U>. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder&rsquo;s or its designee&rsquo;s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (&ldquo;<U>DWAC</U>&rdquo;) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A)&nbsp;there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B)&nbsp;this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company&rsquo;s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii)&nbsp;one (1)&nbsp;Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii)&nbsp;the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the &ldquo;<U>Warrant Share Delivery Date</U>&rdquo;). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days and (ii)&nbsp;the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the third Trading Day after the Warrant Share Delivery Date) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, &ldquo;<U>Standard Settlement Period</U>&rdquo; means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company&rsquo;s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s)&nbsp;of Exercise delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s)&nbsp;by 4:00 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date and the Initial Exercise Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date for purposes hereunder, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received by such Warrant Share Delivery Date.</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Delivery
of New Warrants Upon Exercise</U>. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and
upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing
the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects
be identical with this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Rescission
Rights</U>. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;by
the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iv.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Compensation
for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</U>. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if
the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;above
pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase
(in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder&rsquo;s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver
in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a &ldquo;<U>Buy-In</U>&rdquo;),
then the Company shall (A)&nbsp;pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x)&nbsp;the Holder&rsquo;s total purchase price
(including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y)&nbsp;the amount obtained by multiplying
(1)&nbsp;the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue
times (2)&nbsp;the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B)&nbsp;at the option of the
Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in
which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been
issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common
Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with
an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A)&nbsp;of the immediately preceding sentence
the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable
to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit
a Holder&rsquo;s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree
of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company&rsquo;s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock
upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof. The obligation of the Company to pay compensation for Buy-In under
this Section&nbsp;2(d)(iv)&nbsp;is subject to delivery by the Holder of the aggregate Exercise Price in accordance with the terms of Section&nbsp;2(a).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">v.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Fractional Shares or Scrip</U>. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this
Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall,
at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the
Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">vi.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Charges,
Taxes and Expenses</U>. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental
expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant
Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>,
that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for
exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form&nbsp;attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as
a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all
Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another
established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">vii.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Closing
of Books</U>. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant,
pursuant to the terms hereof.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Holder&rsquo;s
Exercise Limitations</U>. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise
any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section&nbsp;2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise
as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder&rsquo;s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting
as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder&rsquo;s Affiliates (such Persons, &ldquo;<U>Attribution Parties</U>&rdquo;)),
would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below).&nbsp; For purposes of the foregoing sentence,
the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number
of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude
the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i)&nbsp;exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant
beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii)&nbsp;exercise or conversion of the unexercised
or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject
to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its
Affiliates or Attribution Parties.&nbsp; Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section&nbsp;2(e), beneficial
ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated
thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance
with Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance
therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;applies, the determination of whether this Warrant
is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which
portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall
be deemed to be the Holder&rsquo;s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the
Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject
to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination
and shall have no liability for exercises of this Warrant that are not in compliance with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (other than
to the extent that information on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company is provided by the Company and relied
upon by the Holder). In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with
Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder and the Company shall have no obligation
to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination and shall have no liability for exercises of this Warrant that are not in compliance
with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common
Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A)&nbsp;the Company&rsquo;s most recent
periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B)&nbsp;a more recent public announcement by the Company or
(C)&nbsp;a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.&nbsp;
Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the
number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding.&nbsp; In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined
after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates
or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The &ldquo;<U>Beneficial
Ownership Limitation</U>&rdquo; shall be [4.99%/9.99%] of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving
effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase
or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section&nbsp;2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation
in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares
of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;shall continue to apply.
Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61<SUP>st</SUP> day after such notice is delivered
to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with
the terms of this Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with
the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give
effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;3</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Certain
Adjustments</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Stock
Dividends and Splits</U>. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i)&nbsp;pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes
a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of
Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this
Warrant), (ii)&nbsp;subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii)&nbsp;combines (including by way
of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv)&nbsp;issues by reclassification of
shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction
of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before
such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the
number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this
Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3(a)&nbsp;shall become effective immediately after the
record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately
after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Subsequent
Rights Offerings</U>. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section&nbsp;3(a)&nbsp;above, if at any time the Company grants, issues
or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders
of any class of shares of Common Stock (the &ldquo;<U>Purchase Rights</U>&rdquo;), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the
terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the
number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof,
including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant,
issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common
Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder&rsquo;s
right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder
shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as
a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until
such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Pro
Rata Distributions</U>. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution
of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including,
without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification,
corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a &ldquo;<U>Distribution</U>&rdquo;), at any time after
the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent
that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise
of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation)
immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the
record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>,
that, to the extent that the Holder's right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial
Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership
of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance
for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership
Limitation).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">d)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Fundamental
Transaction</U>. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i)&nbsp;the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related
transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii)&nbsp;the Company or any Subsidiary,
directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially
all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii)&nbsp;any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange
offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender
or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding
Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv)&nbsp;the Company, directly or indirectly, in
one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory
share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or
(v)&nbsp;the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other
business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with
another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or
50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each a &ldquo;<U>Fundamental Transaction</U>&rdquo;), then, upon
any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable
upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to
any limitation in Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring
corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the &ldquo;<U>Alternate Consideration</U>&rdquo;)
receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable
immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;on the exercise of this
Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such
Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental
Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the
relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities,
cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration
it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the
event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder&rsquo;s option, exercisable
at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the
public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount
of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation
of such Fundamental Transaction; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company's control,
including not approved by the Company's Board of Directors, Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor
Entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of this
Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Common Stock of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction,
whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Common Stock are given
the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; <U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>,
that if holders of Common Stock of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders
of Common Stock will be deemed to have received common stock of the Successor Entity (which Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental
Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. &ldquo;<U>Black Scholes Value</U>&rdquo; means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes
Option Pricing Model obtained from the &ldquo;OV&rdquo; function on Bloomberg, L.P. (&ldquo;<U>Bloomberg</U>&rdquo;) determined as of
the day of consummation of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A)&nbsp;a risk-free
interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the
applicable Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B)&nbsp;an expected volatility equal to the 100 day volatility obtained
from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the
public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C)&nbsp;the underlying price per share used in such calculation
shall be the greater of (i)&nbsp;the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration,
if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii)&nbsp;the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately
preceding the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental
Transaction, if earlier) and ending on the Trading Day of the Holder&rsquo;s request pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3(d)&nbsp;and (D)&nbsp;a
remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction
and the Termination Date and (E)&nbsp;a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately
available funds (or such other consideration) within five Business Days of the Holder&rsquo;s election (or, if later, on the date of consummation
of the Fundamental Transaction). The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not
the survivor (the &ldquo;<U>Successor Entity</U>&rdquo;) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant
in accordance with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3(d)&nbsp;pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory
to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of
the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially
similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor
Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without
regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies
the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock
pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such
exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental
Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction,
the Successor Entity shall be added to the term &ldquo;Company&rdquo; under this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation
of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;
shall refer instead to each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity
or Successor Entities, jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the
Successor Entity or Successor Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant and the other
Transaction Documents with the same effect as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had
been named as the Company herein.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Calculations</U>.
All calculations under this Section&nbsp;3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For
purposes of this Section&nbsp;3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be
the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">f)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice
to Holder</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Adjustment
to Exercise Price</U>. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section&nbsp;3, the Company shall promptly
deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number
of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice
to Allow Exercise by Holder</U>. If (A)&nbsp;the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the
Common Stock, (B)&nbsp;the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C)&nbsp;the
Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of
capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D)&nbsp;the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection
with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries) is a party,
any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted
into other securities, cash or property, or (E)&nbsp;the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation
or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its
last email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record
or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x)&nbsp;the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend,
distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock
of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y)&nbsp;the date on
which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the
date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock
for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange;
provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the
corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains,
material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with
the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period
commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set
forth herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">g)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Voluntary
Adjustments By Company</U>. Subject to the rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Trading Market, the Company may at any time during the term
of this Warrant reduce the then current Exercise Price to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors
of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;4</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transfer
of Warrant</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transferability</U>.
This Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part,
upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this
Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any
transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute
and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations
specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so
assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required
to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall
surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3)&nbsp;Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to
the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder
for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>New
Warrants</U>. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company,
together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or
its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section&nbsp;4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination,
the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance
with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be
identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Warrant
Register</U>. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the &ldquo;<U>Warrant
Register</U>&rdquo;), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder
of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other
purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;5</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Miscellaneous</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash</U>. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends
or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section&nbsp;2(d)(i), except as expressly
set forth in Section&nbsp;3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a &ldquo;cashless exercise&rdquo; pursuant
to Section&nbsp;2(c)&nbsp;or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;and Section&nbsp;2(d)(iv)&nbsp;herein, in
no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Loss,
Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant</U>. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory
to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case
of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include
the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make
and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays,&nbsp;etc</U>. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or
granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business
Day.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">d)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Authorized
Shares</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company covenants
that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number
of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further
covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the
necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action
as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation,
or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares
which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented
by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable
and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any
transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except and to the
extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate
of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or
any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all
times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate
to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the
Company will (i)&nbsp;not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately
prior to such increase in par value, (ii)&nbsp;take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly
and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii)&nbsp;use commercially reasonable
efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may
be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Before taking any
action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price,
the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory
body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Governing
Law</U>. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and
construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of
law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions
contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders,
partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York.
Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough
of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed
herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally
subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding.
Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding
by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address
in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and
notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted
by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in
such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and other costs and
expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">f)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Restrictions</U>.
The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not
utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">g)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Nonwaiver
and Expenses</U>. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as
a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder&rsquo;s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this
Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages
to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but
not limited to, reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts
due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">h)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notices</U>.
Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice
of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed
to the Company, at 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790, Attention: <B>Beth Jantzen</B>, email address: beth.jantzen@adnas.com,
or such other email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other
communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent
by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing
on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest
of (i)&nbsp;the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this
Section&nbsp;prior to 5:30 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on any date, (ii)&nbsp;the next Trading Day after the time of transmission,
if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section&nbsp;on a day that is not a Trading
Day or later than 5:30 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii)&nbsp;the second Trading Day following the date of mailing,
if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv)&nbsp;upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is
required to be given. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding
the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on
Form&nbsp;8-K.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Limitation
of Liability</U>. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant
Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase
price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the
Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">j)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Remedies</U>.
The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific
performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss
incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any
action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">k)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Successors
and Assigns</U>. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the
benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder.
The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable
by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">l)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Amendment</U>.
This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">m)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Severability</U>.
Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law,
but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the
extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">n)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Headings</U>.
The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">********************</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>(Signature Page&nbsp;Follows)</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company
has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD></TD><TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>applied dna sciences, inc.</B></FONT></TD>
</TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 47%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">By:</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Name:</TD></TR>
     <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Title: </TD></TR>
     </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>NOTICE OF EXERCISE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">To:</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">applied
dna sciences, inc.</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised
in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Payment
shall take the form of (check applicable box):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">[ ] in lawful money of the United States;
or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">[ ] if permitted the cancellation of
such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with
respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Please
issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following
DWAC Account Number:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">[SIGNATURE
OF HOLDER]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 17%">Name of Investing Entity:</TD><TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 83%">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%"><I>Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity:</I></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left"><I>&nbsp;</I></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 65%"><I>&nbsp;</I></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%">Name of Authorized Signatory:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 80%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 20%">Title of Authorized Signatory:</TD><TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 80%">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%">Date:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 94%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ASSIGNMENT FORM</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this
form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and
all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Please Print)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">(Please Print)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">Phone Number:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">Email Address:
</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated: _______________ __, ______</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holder&rsquo;s Signature:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; width: 13%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holder&rsquo;s Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; width: 37%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.11
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>tm2222270d1_ex4-11.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.11
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;4.11</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>applied
dna sciences, inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 50%">Warrant
Shares: _______</TD><TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 50%">Initial
Exercise Date: _______, 2022</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">THIS PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK
PURCHASE WARRANT (the &ldquo;<U>Warrant</U>&rdquo;) certifies that, for value received, _____________ or its assigns (the &ldquo;<U>Holder</U>&rdquo;)
is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after
the date hereof (the &ldquo;<U>Initial Exercise Date</U>&rdquo;) and until this Warrant is exercised in full (the &ldquo;<U>Termination
Date</U>&rdquo;) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;),
up to ______ shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the &ldquo;<U>Warrant Shares</U>&rdquo;) of Common Stock. The purchase price
of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section&nbsp;2(b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;1</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Definitions</U>.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section&nbsp;1:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Affiliate</U>&rdquo;
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule&nbsp;405 under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Bid Price</U>&rdquo;
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading
Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m.&nbsp;(New
York City time) to 4:02 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time)), (b)&nbsp; if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average
price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c)&nbsp;if the Common Stock
is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market
(or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common
Stock so reported, or (d)&nbsp;in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser
selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company,
the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Business
Day</U>&rdquo; means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized
or required by law to remain closed; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized
or required by law to remain closed due to &ldquo;stay at home&rdquo;, &ldquo;shelter-in-place&rdquo;, &ldquo;non-essential employee&rdquo;&nbsp;
or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority
so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally
are open for use by customers on such day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Commission</U>&rdquo;
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common
Stock</U>&rdquo; means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such
securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common
Stock Equivalents</U>&rdquo; means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire
at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is
at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Exchange
Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Person</U>&rdquo;
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company,
joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Purchase
Agreement</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of _________, 2022, by and among the Company and the purchasers
signatory thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Registration
Statement</U>&rdquo; means the Company&rsquo;s registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-1 (File No.&nbsp;333-______).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Securities
Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Subsidiary</U>&rdquo;
means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed
or acquired after the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Trading
Day</U>&rdquo; means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Trading
Market</U>&rdquo; means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date
in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the New York
Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Transfer
Agent</U>&rdquo; means American Stock Transfer&nbsp;&amp; Trust Company, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing
address of 6201 15<SUP>th</SUP> Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219 and any successor transfer agent of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>VWAP</U>&rdquo;
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date)
on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30
a.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) to 4:02 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time)), (b)&nbsp; if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume
weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c)&nbsp;if
the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the
Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per
share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d)&nbsp;in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined
by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably
acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Warrants</U>&rdquo;
means this Warrant and other Common Stock purchase warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;2</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Exercise</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Exercise
of Warrant</U>. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on
or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted
by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the &ldquo;<U>Notice of Exercise</U>&rdquo;). Within
the earlier of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days and (ii)&nbsp;the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as
defined in Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise
Price for the shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier&rsquo;s check drawn on a United States
bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section&nbsp;2(c)&nbsp;below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise.
No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of
any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender
this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised
in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation as soon as reasonably practicable of the
date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a
portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant
Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall
maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection
to any Notice of Exercise within one (1)&nbsp;Business Day of receipt of such notice. <B>The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of
this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant
Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on
the face hereof.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Exercise
Price</U>. The aggregate exercise price of this Warrant, except for a nominal exercise price of $0.0001 per Warrant Share, was pre-funded
to the Company on or prior to the Initial Exercise Date and, consequently, no additional consideration (other than the nominal exercise
price of $0.0001 per Warrant Share) shall be required to be paid by the Holder to any Person to effect any exercise of this Warrant.
The Holder shall not be entitled to the return or refund of all, or any portion, of such pre-paid aggregate exercise price under any
circumstance or for any reason whatsoever, including in the event this Warrant shall not have been exercised prior to the Termination
Date. The remaining unpaid exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $0.0001, subject to adjustment hereunder
(the &ldquo;<U>Exercise Price</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Cashless
Exercise</U>. This Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a &ldquo;cashless exercise&rdquo; in which
the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">(A)&nbsp;= as applicable:
(i)&nbsp;the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is
(1)&nbsp;both executed and delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2)&nbsp;both executed
and delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; (as
defined in Rule&nbsp;600(b)&nbsp;of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii)&nbsp;at the
option of the Holder, either (y)&nbsp;the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise
or (z)&nbsp;the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder&rsquo;s
execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on a
Trading Day and is delivered within two (2)&nbsp;hours thereafter (including until two (2)&nbsp;hours after the close of &ldquo;regular
trading hours&rdquo; on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof or (iii)&nbsp;the VWAP on the date of the applicable
Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered
pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof after the close of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on such Trading Day;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in">(B)&nbsp;= the
Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">(X)&nbsp;= the
number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise
were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If Warrant Shares
are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section&nbsp;3(a)(9)&nbsp;of the Securities
Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised. The Company agrees not to take any
position contrary to this Section&nbsp;2(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding
anything herein to the contrary, on the Termination Date, this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant
to this Section&nbsp;2(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">d)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><U>Mechanics of Exercise</U>.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> i.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <U>Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</U>. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder&rsquo;s or its designee&rsquo;s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (&ldquo;<U>DWAC</U>&rdquo;) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A)&nbsp;there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B)&nbsp;this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company&rsquo;s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii)&nbsp;one (1)&nbsp;Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii)&nbsp;the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the &ldquo;<U>Warrant Share Delivery Date</U>&rdquo;). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days and (ii)&nbsp;the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the third Trading Day after the Warrant Share Delivery Date) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, &ldquo;<U>Standard Settlement Period</U>&rdquo; means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company&rsquo;s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s)&nbsp;of Exercise delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s)&nbsp;by 4:00 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date and the Initial Exercise Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date for purposes hereunder, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received by such Warrant Share Delivery Date.</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Delivery
of New Warrants Upon Exercise</U>. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and
upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing
the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects
be identical with this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Rescission
Rights</U>. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;by
the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iv.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Compensation
for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</U>. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if
the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;above
pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase
(in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder&rsquo;s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver
in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a &ldquo;<U>Buy-In</U>&rdquo;),
then the Company shall (A)&nbsp;pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x)&nbsp;the Holder&rsquo;s total purchase price
(including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y)&nbsp;the amount obtained by multiplying
(1)&nbsp;the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue
times (2)&nbsp;the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B)&nbsp;at the option of the
Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in
which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been
issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common
Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with
an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A)&nbsp;of the immediately preceding sentence
the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable
to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit
a Holder&rsquo;s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree
of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company&rsquo;s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock
upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof. The obligation of the Company to pay compensation for Buy-In under
this Section&nbsp;2(d)(iv)&nbsp;is subject to delivery by the Holder of the aggregate Exercise Price in accordance with the terms of Section&nbsp;2(a).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">v.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Fractional Shares or Scrip</U>. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this
Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall,
at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the
Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">vi.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Charges,
Taxes and Expenses</U>. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental
expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant
Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>,
that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for
exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form&nbsp;attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as
a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all
Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another
established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">vii.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Closing
of Books</U>. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant,
pursuant to the terms hereof.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Holder&rsquo;s
Exercise Limitations</U>. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise
any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section&nbsp;2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise
as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder&rsquo;s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting
as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder&rsquo;s Affiliates (such Persons, &ldquo;<U>Attribution Parties</U>&rdquo;)),
would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below).&nbsp; For purposes of the foregoing sentence,
the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number
of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude
the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i)&nbsp;exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant
beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii)&nbsp;exercise or conversion of the unexercised
or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject
to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its
Affiliates or Attribution Parties.&nbsp; Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section&nbsp;2(e), beneficial
ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated
thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance
with Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance
therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;applies, the determination of whether this Warrant
is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which
portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall
be deemed to be the Holder&rsquo;s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the
Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject
to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination
and shall have no liability for exercises of this Warrant that are not in compliance with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (other than
to the extent that information on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company is provided by the Company and relied
upon by the Holder). In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with
Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder and the Company shall have no obligation
to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination and shall have no liability for exercises of this Warrant that are not in compliance
with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common
Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A)&nbsp;the Company&rsquo;s most recent
periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B)&nbsp;a more recent public announcement by the Company or
(C)&nbsp;a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.&nbsp;
Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the
number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding.&nbsp; In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined
after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates
or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The &ldquo;<U>Beneficial
Ownership Limitation</U>&rdquo; shall be [4.99%/9.99%] of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving
effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase
or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section&nbsp;2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation
in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares
of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;shall continue to apply.
Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61<SUP>st</SUP> day after such notice is delivered
to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with
the terms of this Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with
the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give
effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;3</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Certain
Adjustments</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Stock
Dividends and Splits</U>. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i)&nbsp;pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes
a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of
Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this
Warrant), (ii)&nbsp;subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii)&nbsp;combines (including by way
of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv)&nbsp;issues by reclassification of
shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction
of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before
such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the
number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this
Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3(a)&nbsp;shall become effective immediately after the
record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately
after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Subsequent
Rights Offerings</U>. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section&nbsp;3(a)&nbsp;above, if at any time the Company grants, issues
or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders
of any class of shares of Common Stock (the &ldquo;<U>Purchase Rights</U>&rdquo;), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the
terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the
number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof,
including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant,
issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common
Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder&rsquo;s
right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder
shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as
a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until
such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Pro
Rata Distributions</U>. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution
of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including,
without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification,
corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a &ldquo;<U>Distribution</U>&rdquo;), at any time after
the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent
that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise
of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation)
immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the
record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>,
that, to the extent that the Holder's right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial
Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership
of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance
for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership
Limitation).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">d)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Fundamental
Transaction</U>. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i)&nbsp;the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related
transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii)&nbsp;the Company or any Subsidiary,
directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially
all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii)&nbsp;any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange
offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender
or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding
Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv)&nbsp;the Company, directly or indirectly, in
one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory
share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or
(v)&nbsp;the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other
business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with
another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or
50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each a &ldquo;<U>Fundamental Transaction</U>&rdquo;), then, upon
any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable
upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to
any limitation in Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring
corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the &ldquo;<U>Alternate Consideration</U>&rdquo;)
receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable
immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;on the exercise of this
Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such
Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental
Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the
relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities,
cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration
it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in
a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the &ldquo;<U>Successor Entity</U>&rdquo;) to assume in writing all
of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3(d)&nbsp;pursuant to written
agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to
such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of
the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable
for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common
Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior
to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock
(but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such
shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic
value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in
form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and
be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant and the other Transaction
Documents referring to the &ldquo;Company&rdquo; shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power
of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the
same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Calculations</U>.
All calculations under this Section&nbsp;3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For
purposes of this Section&nbsp;3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be
the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">f)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice
to Holder</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Adjustment
to Exercise Price</U>. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section&nbsp;3, the Company shall promptly
deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number
of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice
to Allow Exercise by Holder</U>. If (A)&nbsp;the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the
Common Stock, (B)&nbsp;the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C)&nbsp;the
Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of
capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D)&nbsp;the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection
with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries) is a party,
any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted
into other securities, cash or property, or (E)&nbsp;the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation
or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its
last email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record
or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x)&nbsp;the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend,
distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock
of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y)&nbsp;the date on
which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the
date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock
for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange;
provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the
corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains,
material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with
the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period
commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set
forth herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;4</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transfer
of Warrant</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transferability</U>.
This Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part,
upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this
Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any
transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute
and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations
specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so
assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required
to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall
surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3)&nbsp;Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to
the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder
for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>New
Warrants</U>. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company,
together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or
its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section&nbsp;4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination,
the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance
with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be
identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Warrant
Register</U>. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the &ldquo;<U>Warrant
Register</U>&rdquo;), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder
of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other
purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;5</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Miscellaneous</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash</U>. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends
or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section&nbsp;2(d)(i), except as expressly
set forth in Section&nbsp;3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a &ldquo;cashless exercise&rdquo; pursuant
to Section&nbsp;2(c)&nbsp;or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;and Section&nbsp;2(d)(iv)&nbsp;herein, in
no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Loss,
Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant</U>. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory
to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case
of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include
the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make
and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays,&nbsp;etc</U>. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or
granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business
Day.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">d)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Authorized
Shares</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company covenants
that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number
of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further
covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the
necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action
as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation,
or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares
which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented
by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable
and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any
transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except and to the
extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate
of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or
any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all
times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate
to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the
Company will (i)&nbsp;not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately
prior to such increase in par value, (ii)&nbsp;take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly
and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii)&nbsp;use commercially reasonable
efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may
be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Before taking any
action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price,
the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory
body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Governing
Law</U>. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and
construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of
law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions
contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders,
partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York.
Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough
of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed
herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally
subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding.
Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding
by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address
in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and
notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted
by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in
such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and other costs and
expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">f)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Restrictions</U>.
The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not
utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">g)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Nonwaiver
and Expenses</U>. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as
a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder&rsquo;s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this
Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages
to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but
not limited to, reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts
due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">h)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notices</U>.
Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice
of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed
to the Company, at 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790, Attention: <B>James Hayward</B>, email address: james.hayward@adnas.com,
or such other email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other
communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent
by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing
on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest
of (i)&nbsp;the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this
Section&nbsp;prior to 5:30 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on any date, (ii)&nbsp;the next Trading Day after the time of transmission,
if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section&nbsp;on a day that is not a Trading
Day or later than 5:30 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii)&nbsp;the second Trading Day following the date of mailing,
if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv)&nbsp;upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is
required to be given. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding
the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on
Form&nbsp;8-K.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Limitation
of Liability</U>. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant
Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase
price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the
Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">j)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Remedies</U>.
The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific
performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss
incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any
action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">k)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Successors
and Assigns</U>. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the
benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder.
The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable
by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">l)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Amendment</U>.
This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">m)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Severability</U>.
Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law,
but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the
extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">n)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Headings</U>.
The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">********************</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>(Signature Page&nbsp;Follows)</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company
has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD></TD><TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>applied dna sciences, inc.</B></FONT></TD>
</TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 47%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">By:</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Name:</TD></TR>
     <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Title: </TD></TR>
     </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>NOTICE OF EXERCISE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">To:</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">applied
dna sciences, inc.</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised
in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Payment
shall take the form of (check applicable box):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">[ ] in lawful money of the United States;
or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">[ ] if permitted the cancellation of
such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with
respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Please
issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following
DWAC Account Number:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">[SIGNATURE
OF HOLDER]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 17%">Name of Investing Entity:</TD><TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 83%">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%"><I>Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity:</I></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left"><I>&nbsp;</I></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 65%"><I>&nbsp;</I></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%">Name of Authorized Signatory:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 80%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 20%">Title of Authorized Signatory:</TD><TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 80%">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%">Date:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 94%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ASSIGNMENT FORM</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this
form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and
all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Please Print)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">(Please Print)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">Phone Number:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">Email Address:
</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated: _______________ __, ______</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holder&rsquo;s Signature:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; width: 13%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holder&rsquo;s Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; width: 37%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>tm2222270d1_ex5-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE></TITLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><IMG SRC="tm2222270d1_ex5-1img01.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">August 1, 2022 &nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">50 Health Sciences Drive</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Stony Brook, NY 11790</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Re:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Registration of Shares, Warrants
and Warrant Shares </U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Reference is made to the filing by Applied DNA Sciences, Inc., a Delaware
corporation (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;), with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B><I>SEC</I></B>&rdquo;)
pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<B><I>Securities Act</I></B>&rdquo;), of the Company&rsquo;s registration
statement on Form S-1, filed on July 19, 2022 (as amended, the &ldquo;<B><I>Registration Statement</I></B>&rdquo;), which includes a prospectus
(the &ldquo;<B><I>Prospectus</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are rendering this opinion in connection with
the filing by the Company with the SEC of the Registration Statement relating to the offering by the Company with respect to the sale
of up to $30,000,000 of (i) shares of the common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the &ldquo;<B><I>Common Stock</I></B>&rdquo;) of the
Company (the &ldquo;<B><I>Shares</I></B>&rdquo;), (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock (the &ldquo;<B><I>Pre-Funded
Warrants</I></B>&rdquo;), (iii) the shares of Common Stock issuable from time to time upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants (the &ldquo;<B><I>Pre-Funded
Warrant Shares</I></B>&rdquo;), (iv) Series A warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock (the &ldquo;<B><I>Series A Warrants</I></B>&rdquo;),
(v) the shares of Common Stock issuable from time to time upon exercise of the Series A Warrants (the &ldquo;<B><I>Series A Warrant Shares</I></B>&rdquo;),
(vi) Series B warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock (the &ldquo;<B><I>Series B Warrants</I></B>&rdquo; and, together with the Series
A Warrants, the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrants</I></B>&rdquo;) and (vii) the shares of Common Stock issuable from time to time upon exercise of
the Series B Warrants (the &ldquo;<B><I>Series B Warrant Shares</I></B>&rdquo; and, together with the Series A Warrant Shares, the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant
Shares</I></B>&rdquo;). The Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants, Pre-Funded Warrant Shares, Warrants and Warrant Shares are collectively referred
to herein as the &ldquo;<B><I>Securities</I></B>.&rdquo; Some of the Securities are being sold pursuant to the terms of a securities purchase
agreement (the &ldquo;<B><I>Securities Purchase Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;), to be entered into by the Company and H.C. Wainwright &amp;
Co., LLC and the remaining Securities are being offered to the public as set forth in the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We understand that the Shares, the Pre-Funded
Warrant Shares to be issued upon the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Warrant Shares to be issued upon the exercise of the
Warrants are to be offered and sold in the manner set forth in the Prospectus. This opinion letter is furnished to you at your request
to enable you to fulfill the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K in connection with the Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We have acted as your counsel in connection with the preparation of
the Registration Statement. We are familiar with the proceedings taken by the board of directors of the Company (the &ldquo;<B><I>Board</I></B>&rdquo;)
in connection with the authorization, issuance and sale of the Shares. We have examined all such documents as we considered necessary
to enable us to render this opinion, including, but not limited to: (i) the Registration Statement, (ii) the form of Series A Warrants,
(iii) the form of Series B Warrants, (iv) the form of Pre-Funded Warrants, (v) the form of Securities Purchase Agreement, (vi) the Company&rsquo;s
certificate of incorporation, as amended to date, (vii) the Company&rsquo;s amended and restated bylaws, as amended to date, (viii) certain
resolutions of the Board and (ix) such other corporate records and instruments, and such laws and regulations as we have deemed necessary
for purposes of rendering the opinions set forth herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In our examination, we have assumed the
legal capacity of all natural persons, the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as
originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as certified, conformed, photostatic or facsimile
copies, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as certified, conformed, photostatic or facsimile copies and the
authenticity of the originals of such certified, conformed, photostatic or facsimile copies. In addition, we have assumed that the
Shares will be offered in the manner and on the terms identified or referred to in the Prospectus. As to any facts material to the
opinions expressed herein, which were not independently established or verified, we have relied upon statements and representations
of officers and other representatives of the Company and others.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We express no opinion herein as to the law of
any state or jurisdiction other than the laws of the State of New York and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the assumptions,
limitations and qualifications stated herein, we are of the opinion that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(i)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered by the Company in accordance with
the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and upon receipt by the Company of the consideration therefor provided therein, will be
validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(ii)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The Pre-Funded Warrants have been duly authorized and, when duly executed and delivered by the Company
in accordance with and in the manner described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and upon receipt by the Company of the
consideration therefor provided therein, will constitute valid and binding agreements of the Company enforceable against the Company in
accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, fraudulent conveyance, moratorium
and similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally and equitable principles of general applicability;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(iii)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The Pre-Funded Warrant Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued upon exercise of the Pre-Funded
Warrants against payment therefor in accordance with the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(iv)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The Series A Warrants have been duly authorized and, when duly executed and delivered by the Company in
accordance with and in the manner described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and upon receipt by the Company of the consideration
therefor provided therein, will constitute valid and binding agreements of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with
their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, fraudulent conveyance, moratorium and similar
laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally and equitable principles of general applicability;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(v)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The Series A Warrant Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued upon exercise of the Series A Warrants
against payment therefor in accordance with the terms of the Series A Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(vi)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The Series B Warrants have been duly authorized and, when duly executed and delivered by the Company in
accordance with and in the manner described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and upon receipt by the Company of the consideration
therefor provided therein, will constitute valid and binding agreements of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with
their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, fraudulent conveyance, moratorium and similar
laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally and equitable principles of general applicability; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(vii)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The Series B Warrant Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued upon exercise of the Series B Warrants
against payment therefor in accordance with the terms of the Series B Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We assume no obligation to supplement this opinion
if any applicable law changes after the date hereof or if we become aware of any fact that might change the opinion expressed herein after
the date hereof. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as a part of the Registration Statement and to the reference of our firm
under the caption &ldquo;Legal Matters&rdquo; in the Prospectus. In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are in the category
of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the SEC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 49%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 51%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ McDermott Will and Emery LLP</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">McDermott Will and Emery LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 22%; font-size: 10pt"><IMG SRC="tm2222270d1_ex5-1img02.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: middle; width: 56%; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center"><P STYLE="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">One
                                            Vanderbilt Avenue New York NY 10017-3852 Tel +1 212 547 5400 Fax +1 212 547 5444</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal"><I>US practice conducted
through McDermott Will &amp; Emery LLP.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 22%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.42
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>tm2222270d1_ex10-42.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 10.42
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Exhibit 10.42</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.5in"><B>SECURITIES
PURCHASE AGREEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Securities Purchase Agreement
(this &#8220;<U>Agreement</U>&#8221;) is dated as of ________, 2022, between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;<U>Company</U>&#8221;),
and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its successors and assigns, a &#8220;<U>Purchaser</U>&#8221;
and collectively the &#8220;<U>Purchasers</U>&#8221;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">WHEREAS, subject to the terms
and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act (as defined below),
the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company,
securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION
of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are
hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B>ARTICLE I.</B><BR>
DEFINITIONS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.1<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT> <U>Definitions</U>. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following
terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&#8220;<U>Acquiring Person</U>&#8221;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.5.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Action</U>&#8221;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Affiliate</U>&#8221;
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Board
of Directors</U>&#8221; means the board of directors of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Business
Day</U>&#8221; means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized
or required by law to remain closed; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized
or required by law to remain closed due to &#8220;stay at home&#8221;, &#8220;shelter-in-place&#8221;, &#8220;non-essential employee&#8221;&nbsp;
or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority
so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally
are open for use by customers on such day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Closing</U>&#8221;
means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Closing
Date</U>&#8221; means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable
parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers&#8217; obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii) the
Company&#8217;s obligations to deliver the Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the
second (2<SUP>nd</SUP>) Trading Day following the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Commission</U>&#8221;
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Common
Stock</U>&#8221; means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such
securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Common
Stock Equivalents</U>&#8221; means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire
at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is
at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Company
Counsel</U>&#8221; means McDermott Will &amp; Emery LLP, with offices located at One Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Disclosure
Schedules</U>&#8221; means the Disclosure Schedules of the Company delivered concurrently herewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Disclosure
Time</U>&#8221; means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) and
before midnight (New York City time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date
hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent, and (ii) if this Agreement is signed between midnight
(New York City time) and 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the date hereof,
unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>EGS</U>&#8221;
means Ellenoff Grossman &amp; Schole LLP, with offices located at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105-0302.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Evaluation
Date</U>&#8221; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(s).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Exchange
Act</U>&#8221; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Exempt
Issuance</U>&#8221; means the issuance of (a) Common Stock, options or other equity awards to employees, officers, consultants, members
of its strategic advisory board, or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan or employee stock purchase plan duly
adopted for such purpose (provided that issuances to consultants and members of its strategic advisory board shall be unregistered and
carry no registration rights other than on a registration statement on Form S-8 and shall not exceed an aggregate of 20,000 shares (subject
to adjustment for any stock splits or recapitalizations following date hereof) in any three (3) month period), by a majority of the non-employee
members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose
for services rendered to the Company, (b) securities upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder
and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding on the date
of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such
securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with stock
splits or combinations) or to extend the term of such securities, and (c) up to $_______ of Securities issued to other purchasers pursuant
to the Prospectus concurrently with the Closing at the Per Share Purchase Price.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>FCPA</U>&#8221;
means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>FDA</U>&#8221;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(hh).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>FDCA</U>&#8221;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(hh).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>GAAP</U>&#8221;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Indebtedness</U>&#8221;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(aa).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Intellectual
Property Rights</U>&#8221; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(p).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Liens</U>&#8221;
means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Lock-Up
Agreement</U>&#8221; means the Lock-Up Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, by and among the Company and the directors and officers
of the Company, in the form of <U>Exhibit C</U> attached hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Material
Adverse Effect</U>&#8221; shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Material
Permits</U>&#8221; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(n).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Medical
Device</U>&#8221; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(hh).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Per Share
Purchase Price</U>&#8221; equals $_____, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations
and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement, provided that the purchase price per Pre-Funded
Warrant shall be the Per Share Purchase Price minus $0.0001.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Person</U>&#8221;
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company,
joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Placement
Agent</U>&#8221; means H.C. Wainwright &amp; Co., LLC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Pre-Funded
Warrants</U>&#8221; means, collectively, the Pre-Funded Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance
with Section 2.2(a) hereof, which Pre-Funded Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and will expire when exercised in full, substantially
in the form of <U>Exhibit B</U> attached hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Pre-Funded
Warrant Shares</U>&#8221; means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Preliminary
Prospectus</U>&#8221; means any preliminary prospectus included in the Registration Statement, as originally filed or as part of any amendment
thereto, or filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(a) of the rules and regulations of the Commission under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Pricing
Prospectus</U>&#8221; means (i) the Preliminary Prospectus relating to the Securities that was included in the Registration Statement
immediately prior to [___ a.m.] (New York City time) on the date hereof and (ii) any free writing prospectus (as defined in the Securities
Act) identified on <U>Schedule A</U> hereto, taken together.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Proceeding</U>&#8221;
means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding,
such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Prospectus</U>&#8221;
means the final prospectus filed for the Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Purchaser
Party</U>&#8221; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.8.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Registration
Statement</U>&#8221; means the effective registration statement with Commission (File No. 333-266223) which registers the sale of the
Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares to the Purchasers, and includes any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Required
Approvals</U>&#8221; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Rule 144</U>&#8221;
means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,
or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Rule
424</U>&#8221; means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or
interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same
purpose and effect as such Rule.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Rule 462(b)
Registration Statement</U>&#8221; means any registration statement prepared by the Company registering additional Securities, which was
filed with the Commission on or prior to the date hereof and became automatically effective pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated by the
Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>SEC Reports</U>&#8221;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Securities</U>&#8221;
means the Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Securities
Act</U>&#8221; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Series
A Warrants</U>&#8221; means, collectively, the Series A Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance
with Section 2.2(a) hereof, which Series A Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and have a term of exercise equal to five (5) years,
in the form of Exhibit A-1 attached hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Series
A Warrant Shares</U>&#8221; means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Series A Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Series
B Warrants</U>&#8221; means, collectively, the Series B Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance
with Section 2.2(a) hereof, which Series B Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and have a term of exercise equal to thirteen (13)
months, in the form of Exhibit A-2 attached hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Series
B Warrant Shares</U>&#8221; means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Series B Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Shares</U>&#8221;
means the shares of Common Stock issued or issuable to each Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Short
Sales</U>&#8221; means all &#8220;short sales&#8221; as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be
deemed to include locating and/or borrowing shares of Common Stock).&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Subscription
Amount</U>&#8221; means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for Shares and Warrants purchased hereunder as specified
below such Purchaser&#8217;s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading &#8220;Subscription Amount,&#8221; in
United States dollars and in immediately available funds (minus, if applicable, a Purchaser&#8217;s aggregate exercise price of the Pre-Funded
Warrants, which amounts shall be paid as and when such Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised for cash).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Subsidiary</U>&#8221;
means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth in the SEC Reports, and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect
subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Trading
Day</U>&#8221; means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Trading
Market</U>&#8221; means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date
in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock
Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Transaction
Documents</U>&#8221; means this Agreement, the Lock-Up Agreement, the Warrants, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any
other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Transfer
Agent</U>&#8221; means American Stock Transfer &amp; Trust Company, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address
of 6201 15<SUP>th</SUP> Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219 and a facsimile number of (718) 765-8782, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Variable
Rate Transaction</U>&#8221; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.11(b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Warrants</U>&#8221;
means, collectively, the Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8220;<U>Warrant
Shares</U>&#8221; means, collectively, the Series A Warrant Shares, Series B Warrant Shares and the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B>ARTICLE II.</B><BR>
PURCHASE AND SALE</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.1<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Closing</U>.
On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, substantially concurrent with the execution and
delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly, agree
to purchase, up to an aggregate of $_______ of Shares, Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants; <U>provided</U>, <U>howeve</U>r,
that, to the extent that a Purchaser determines, in its sole discretion, that such Purchaser (together with such Purchaser&#8217;s
Affiliates, and any Person acting as a group together with such Purchaser or any of such Purchaser&#8217;s Affiliates) would
beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, or as such Purchaser may otherwise choose, in lieu of purchasing
Shares, such Purchaser may elect to purchase Pre-Funded Warrants in such manner to result in the same aggregate purchase price being
paid by such Purchaser to the Company. The &#8220;<U>Beneficial Ownership Limitation</U>&#8221; shall be 4.99% (or, with respect to
each Purchaser, at the election of such Purchaser at Closing, 9.99%) of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding
immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Securities on the Closing Date. Unless otherwise directed by the Placement
Agent, each Purchaser&#8217;s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser shall be made
available for &#8220;Delivery Versus Payment&#8221; settlement with the Company or its designee. The Company shall deliver to each
Purchaser its respective Shares and/or Pre-Funded Warrants (as applicable to such Purchaser) and Series A Warrants and Series B
Warrants as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in
Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the
Closing shall take place remotely by electronic transfer of the Closing documentation. Each Purchaser acknowledges that,
concurrently with the Closing and pursuant to the Prospectus, the Company may sell up to $_______ of additional Securities to
purchasers not party to this Agreement, and will issue to such purchasers such shares of Common Stock, Series A Warrants and Series
B Warrants or Pre-Funded Warrants, Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants in the same form and at the same Per Share Purchase
Price. Unless otherwise directed by the Placement Agent, settlement of the Shares shall occur via &#8220;Delivery Versus
Payment&#8221; (&#8220;<U>DVP</U>&#8221;) (i.e., on the Closing Date, the Company shall issue the Shares registered in the
Purchasers&#8217; names and addresses and released by the Transfer Agent directly to the account(s) at the Placement Agent
identified by each Purchaser; upon receipt of such Shares, the Placement Agent shall promptly electronically deliver such Shares to
the applicable Purchaser, and payment therefor shall be made by the Placement Agent (or its clearing firm) by wire transfer to the
Company). Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise (as defined in the Pre-Funded Warrants) delivered
on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Closing Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution
of this Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on
the Closing Date and the Closing Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date (as defined in the Pre-Funded Warrants) for purposes
hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">2.2<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Deliveries</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>On or prior to the Closing Date (except as indicated below), the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser
the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>this Agreement duly executed by the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>a legal opinion of Company Counsel, in a form reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent and the Purchasers;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>subject to the penultimate sentence of Section 2.1, the Company shall have provided each Purchaser with the Company&#8217;s wire
instructions, on Company letterhead and executed by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>subject to the penultimate sentence of Section 2.1, a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the
Transfer Agent to deliver on an expedited basis via The Depository Trust Company&#8217;s Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (&#8220;<U>DWAC</U>&#8221;)
Shares equal to such Purchaser&#8217;s Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price (minus the number of shares of Common
Stock issuable upon exercise of such Purchaser&#8217;s Pre-Funded Warrant, if applicable), registered in the name of such Purchaser;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(v)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>a
Series A Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 100% of such
Purchaser&#8217;s Shares plus Pre-Funded Warrant Shares initially issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants, if applicable,
with an exercise price equal to $_____, subject to adjustment therein;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vi)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>a Series B Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 100%
of such Purchaser&#8217;s Shares plus Pre-Funded Warrant Shares initially issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants, if applicable,
with an exercise price equal to $_____, subject to adjustment therein;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>as to each Purchaser purchasing Pre-Funded Warrants, a Pre-Funded Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase
up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the portion of such Purchaser&#8217;s Subscription Amount applicable to a Pre-Funded
Warrant divided by the Per Share Purchase Price minus $0.0001, with an exercise price equal to $0.0001, subject to adjustment therein;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(viii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>on the date hereof, the duly executed Lock-Up Agreements; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ix)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus (which may be delivered in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>On or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>this Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>such Purchaser&#8217;s Subscription Amount, which shall be made available for &#8220;Delivery Versus Payment&#8221; settlement
with the Company or its designee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.3<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Closing Conditions</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material
Adverse Effect, in all respects) on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein (unless
as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all material respects as of such date);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>all obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have
been performed; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT> The respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions
being met:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material
Adverse Effect, in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein
(unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been
performed;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>there shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(v)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>from the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company&#8217;s
principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall
not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such
service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities
nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude
in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of such Purchaser,
makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the Closing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B>ARTICLE III.</B><BR>
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.1<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Representations and Warranties of the Company</U>. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules
shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained
in the corresponding section of the Disclosure Schedules, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each
Purchaser:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Subsidiaries</U>. All of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company are as set forth in the SEC Reports. Except as
set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary
free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid,
non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT> <U>Organization and Qualification</U>. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized,
validly existing and in good standing (if applicable in such jurisdiction) under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or
organization, with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently
conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or
articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified
to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business
conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing,
as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or
enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or
condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s
ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii),
a &#8220;<U>Material Adverse Effect</U>&#8221;) and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing
or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Authorization; Enforcement</U>. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations
hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and
the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part
of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company&#8217;s stockholders in connection
herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which
it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms
hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with
its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and
other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors&#8217; rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the
availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution
provisions may be limited by applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>No
Conflicts</U>. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which
it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and
thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company&#8217;s or any Subsidiary&#8217;s certificate
or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default
(or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of
the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or
similar adjustments, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit
facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the
Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or
(iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment,
injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject
(including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is
bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result
in a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Filings, Consents and Approvals</U>. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give
any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other
Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filings
required pursuant to Section 4.4 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus, (iii) application(s) to each
applicable Trading Market for the listing of the Shares and Warrant Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby,
and (iv) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the &#8220;<U>Required Approvals</U>&#8221;).</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Issuance
of the Securities; Registration</U>. The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the
applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed
by the Company. The Warrant Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock
the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement and the Warrants. The Company has prepared and
filed the Registration Statement in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act, which became effective on&nbsp;_______,
2022 (the &#8220;<U>Effective Date</U>&#8221;), including the Prospectus, and such amendments and supplements thereto as may have
been required to the date of this Agreement. The Registration Statement is effective under the Securities Act and no stop order
preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or preventing the use of the Preliminary
Prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or, to the
knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission. The Company, if required by the rules and regulations of the Commission,
shall file the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b). At the time the Registration Statement and any amendments
thereto became effective, at the date of this Agreement and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments
thereto conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not
contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to
make the statements therein not misleading; and the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto,
at the time the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, as applicable, or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the
Closing Date, conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not
contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein,
in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Capitalization</U>.
The capitalization of the Company as of the date hereof is as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(g)</U>, which <U>Schedule 3.1(g)</U>
shall also include the number of shares of Common Stock owned beneficially, and of record, by Affiliates of the Company as of the
date hereof. The Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act,
other than pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under the Company&#8217;s stock option plans or vesting of restricted
stock units, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to the Company&#8217;s employee stock purchase plans and
pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed
periodic report under the Exchange Act. No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any
similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as set forth on <U>Schedule
3.1(g)</U>, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character
whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any
Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts,
commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares
of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary. The issuance and sale of the Securities will not
obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the
Purchasers). Except as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(g)</U>, there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any
Subsidiary with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such security or instrument upon an
issuance of securities by the Company or any Subsidiary. There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any
Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or
arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary.
The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or &#8220;phantom stock&#8221; plans or agreements or any similar plan or
agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was
issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. No further approval or
authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. There
are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company&#8217;s capital stock to
which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company&#8217;s stockholders.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>SEC Reports; Financial Statements</U>. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required
to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the
two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the
foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Pricing Prospectus
and the Prospectus, being collectively referred to herein as the &#8220;<U>SEC Reports</U>&#8221;) on a timely basis or has received a
valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective
dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable,
and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required
to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made,
not misleading. The Company has never been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the
Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations
of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance
with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (&#8220;<U>GAAP</U>&#8221;),
except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements
may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and
its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended,
subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Material
Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments</U>. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included
within the SEC Reports, except as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(i)</U>, (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that
has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any
liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company&#8217;s financial statements pursuant
to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the
Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed
or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity
securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans. The Company does not have
pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Securities
contemplated by this Agreement or as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(i)</U>, no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or
development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or
their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed
by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly
disclosed at least 1 Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(j)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Litigation</U>. Except as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(j)</U>, there is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding
or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their
respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state,
county, local or foreign) (collectively, an &#8220;<U>Action</U>&#8221;). None of the Actions set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(j)</U>, (i)
adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii)
could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company
nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or
liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the
Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director
or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration
statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(k)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Labor Relations</U>. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees
of the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company&#8217;s or its Subsidiaries&#8217;
employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee&#8217;s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that
their relationships with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary,
is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary
information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third
party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability
with respect to any of the foregoing matters that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its
Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment
practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually
or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(l)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Compliance</U>.
Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been
waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the
Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan
or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound
(whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court,
arbitrator or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any
governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental
protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as
could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(m)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Environmental Laws</U>.&#9;The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign
laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface
or subsurface strata), including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants,
or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, &#8220;<U>Hazardous Materials</U>&#8221;) into the environment, or otherwise
relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials,
as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters,
orders, permits, plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (&#8220;<U>Environmental Laws</U>&#8221;);
(ii) have received all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective
businesses; and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where in each clause (i),
(ii) and (iii), the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(n)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Regulatory Permits</U>. Except as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(n)</U>, the Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates,
authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their
respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected
to result in a Material Adverse Effect (&#8220;<U>Material Permits</U>&#8221;), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received
any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation of any Material Permit.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(o)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Title
to Assets</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and
good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the
Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property
and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and
(ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance
with GAAP and, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under
lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and
the Subsidiaries are in compliance.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(p)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Intellectual Property</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks,
trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights
and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which
the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the &#8220;<U>Intellectual Property Rights</U>&#8221;). None
of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights
has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of
this Agreement, except where such action would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any
Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of
a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except
as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual
Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The
Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their
intellectual properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(q)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Insurance</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such
losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged,
including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage in an amount as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(q)</U>. Neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when
such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant
increase in cost.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(r)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Transactions
With Affiliates and Employees</U>. Except as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(r)</U>, none of the officers or directors of the Company
or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party
to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services or separation from service as employees, officers and
directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for
rental of real or personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise
requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any
officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or
partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii)
reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements,
restricted stock award agreements and restricted stock unit award agreements under any equity plan of the Company.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(s)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Sarbanes-Oxley; Internal Accounting Controls</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects
with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable
rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. The
Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions
are executed in accordance with management&#8217;s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to
permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted
only in accordance with management&#8217;s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared
with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the
Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company
and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company
in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified
in the Commission&#8217;s rules and forms. The Company&#8217;s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure
controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report
under the Exchange Act (such date, the &#8220;<U>Evaluation Date</U>&#8221;). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic
report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures
based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over
financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or
is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(t)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Certain Fees</U>. Except as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, including compensation paid to the Placement
Agent in connection with the placement of the Securities, no brokerage or finder&#8217;s fees or commissions are or will be payable by
the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other
Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect
to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may
be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(u)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Investment
Company</U>. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will not
be or be an Affiliate of, an &#8220;investment company&#8221; within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an &#8220;investment company&#8221; subject to
registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(v)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Registration Rights</U>. Except as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(v)</U>, no Person has any right to cause the Company or any
Subsidiary to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(w)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Listing and Maintenance Requirements</U>. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange
Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration
of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating
such registration. The Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the
Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements
of such Trading Market. The Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance
with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository
Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company
(or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(x)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Application of Takeover Protections</U>. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in
order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights
agreement) or other similar anti&#45;takeover provision under the Company&#8217;s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents)
or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and the Company
fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a result of the
Company&#8217;s issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers&#8217; ownership of the Securities.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(y)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Disclosure</U>.
Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company
confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel
with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise
disclosed in the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the
foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of
the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their respective businesses and the transactions
contemplated hereby, including the Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement, is true and correct and does not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light
of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve
months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state
a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes
or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set
forth in Section 3.2 hereof.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(z)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Integrated Offering</U>. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers&#8217; representations and warranties set forth in Section
3.2, neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any
offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the
Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any
Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(aa)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Solvency</U>. Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the
receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company&#8217;s assets
exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company&#8217;s existing debts and other liabilities (including
known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company&#8217;s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on
its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements
of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii)
the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after
taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when
such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking
into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or
circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws
of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. <U>Schedule 3.1(aa)</U> sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured
and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. For the purposes
of this Agreement, &#8220;<U>Indebtedness</U>&#8221; means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $100,000
(other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent
obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company&#8217;s consolidated
balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar
transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $100,000 due under leases
required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(bb)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT> <U>Tax Status</U>. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result
in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income
and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has
paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns,
reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for
periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount
claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for
any such claim.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(cc)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Foreign Corrupt Practices</U>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary,
any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful
contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful
payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate
funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf
of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(dd)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Accountants</U>. The Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm is Marcum LLP. To the knowledge and belief
of the Company, such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express
its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company&#8217;s Annual Report for the fiscal year ending September
30, 2022.&#9;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ee)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT> <U>Acknowledgment Regarding Purchasers&#8217; Purchase of Securities</U>. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the
Purchasers is acting solely in the capacity of an arm&#8217;s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions
contemplated thereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company
(or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given
by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions
contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers&#8217; purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to each
Purchaser that the Company&#8217;s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on
the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ff)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double"><U>Acknowledgment Regarding Purchaser&#8217;s Trading Activity</U>. Anything in this
Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except for Sections 3.2(f) and 4.14 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged
by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has been asked by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from
purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company, or &#8220;derivative&#8221; securities based on securities issued
by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified term; (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser,
specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or &#8220;derivative&#8221; transactions, before or after the closing of this
or future private placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company&#8217;s publicly-traded securities; (iii)
any Purchaser, and counter-parties in &#8220;derivative&#8221; transactions to which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly,
presently may have a &#8220;short&#8221; position in the Common Stock, and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation
with or control over any arm&#8217;s length counter-party in any &#8220;derivative&#8221; transaction. The Company further understands
and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities at various times during the period that the Securities
are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the periods that the value of the Warrant Shares deliverable with respect to Securities
are being determined, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing stockholders' equity interests
in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted.&nbsp; The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned
hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(gg)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Regulation M Compliance</U>.&nbsp; The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly
or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company
to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases
of, any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other
securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Placement Agent in connection with
the placement of the Securities and compensation paid to underwriters and/or placement agents in connection with prior offerings of the
Company&#8217;s securities, in each case as set forth in the SEC Reports.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(hh)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>FDA</U>.
Other than as previously disclosed within the SEC Reports, as to each product subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (&#8220;<U>FDA</U>&#8221;) under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and the regulations thereunder
(&#8220;<U>FDCA</U>&#8221;) that is manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold, and/or marketed by the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries (each such product, a &#8220;<U>Medical Device</U>&#8221;), such Medical Device is being manufactured,
packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold and/or marketed by the Company in compliance with all applicable requirements under
Section 564 of the FDCA for Emergency Use Authorization (<U>EUA</U>), and the conditions of authorization of the EUA authorizing the
sale of any Company product, except where compliance has been waived by the FDA or the failure to be in compliance would not have a
Material Adverse Effect. There is no pending, completed or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened, action (including any lawsuit,
arbitration, or legal or administrative or regulatory proceeding, charge, complaint, or investigation) against the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries, and none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice, warning letter or other communication
from the FDA or any other governmental entity, which (i) withdraws any EUA relating to any Medical Device, (ii) imposes a clinical
hold on any clinical investigation by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (iii) enjoins production at any facility of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (iv) enters or proposes to enter into a consent decree of permanent injunction with the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries, or (v) otherwise alleges any violation of any laws, rules or regulations by the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries, and which, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect. The properties, business and
operations of the Company have been and are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with all applicable laws, rules
and regulations of the FDA applicable to the manufacture, packing, labeling, testing, distribution, sale and/or marketing of any
Medical Device under EUA. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company has not been informed by the FDA that the FDA will
prohibit the marketing, sale, license or use in the United States of any product proposed to be developed, produced or marketed by
the Company nor has the FDA expressed any concern as to approving or clearing for marketing any product being developed or proposed
to be developed by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Cybersecurity</U>.&nbsp; (i)(x) There has been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company&#8217;s
or any Subsidiary&#8217;s information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its respective
customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment or technology (collectively,
 &#8220;<U>IT Systems and Data</U>&#8221;) and (y) the Company and the Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and has no knowledge of
any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise to its IT Systems and Data;
(ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules
and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating
to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation
or modification, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (iii)&nbsp;the Company and the
Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable safeguards to maintain and protect its material confidential information
and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and Data; and (iv) the Company and the Subsidiaries
have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practices.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(jj)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Stock Option Plans</U>. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company&#8217;s stock option plan was granted (i)
in accordance with the terms of the Company&#8217;s stock option plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market
value of the Common Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted
under the Company&#8217;s stock option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no
Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with,
the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results
or prospects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(kk)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT> <U>Office of Foreign Assets Control</U>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director,
officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the
Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (&#8220;<U>OFAC</U>&#8221;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ll)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation</U>. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within
the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser&#8217;s request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(mm)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Bank Holding Company Act</U>. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company
Act of 1956, as amended (the &#8220;<U>BHCA</U>&#8221;) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the
 &#8220;<U>Federal Reserve</U>&#8221;). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly,
five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or more of the total equity
of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries
or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and
to regulation by the Federal Reserve.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(nn)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Money Laundering</U>. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance
with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as
amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the &#8220;<U>Money Laundering
Laws</U>&#8221;), and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving
the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary,
threatened.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.2<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Representations and Warranties of the Purchasers</U>. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents
and warrants as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which
case they shall be accurate as of such date):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 21pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 51pt">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Organization;
Authority</U>. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good
standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited
liability company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction
Documents and performance by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized
by all necessary corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser.
Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in
accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it
in accordance with its terms, except: (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors&#8217; rights generally, (ii) as
limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii)
insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 21pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 21pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 21pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 51pt">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Understandings or Arrangements</U>. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and has no direct
or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this
representation and warranty not limiting such Purchaser&#8217;s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or
otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the
ordinary course of its business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 21pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 51pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 21pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) <U>Purchaser
Status</U>. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on each date on which
it exercises any Warrants, it will be an &#8220;accredited investor&#8221; as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7), (a)(8),
(a)(9), (a)(12) or (a)(13) under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 21pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 21pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 51pt">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Experience of Such Purchaser</U>. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication
and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment
in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an
investment in the Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 21pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 51pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 21pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 51pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 21pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 51pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 21pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 51pt">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Access to Information</U>. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including
all exhibits and schedules thereto including the Disclosure Schedules) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded, (i) the opportunity
to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms
and conditions of the offering of the Securities and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities; (ii) access to information about
the Company and its financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it
to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire
without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment.&nbsp;
Such Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate of the Placement Agent has provided such Purchaser
with any information or advice with respect to the Securities nor is such information or advice necessary or desired.&nbsp; Neither the
Placement Agent nor any Affiliate has made or makes any representation as to the Company or the quality of the Securities and the Placement
Agent and any Affiliate may have acquired non-public information with respect to the Company which such Purchaser agrees need not be provided
to it.&nbsp; In connection with the issuance of the Securities to such Purchaser, neither the Placement Agent nor any of its Affiliates
has acted as a financial advisor or fiduciary to such Purchaser.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 21pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 51pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 21pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 51pt">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT> <U>Certain Transactions and Confidentiality</U>. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser
has not, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed
any purchases or sales, including Short Sales,&nbsp;of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that
such Purchaser first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company, the Placement Agent, or any other Person representing the
Company setting forth the material pricing terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution
hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio
managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser&#8217;s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment
decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser&#8217;s assets, the representation set forth above
shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase
the Securities covered by this Agreement. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser&#8217;s representatives,
including, without limitation, its officers, directors, partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, such Purchaser
has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms
of this transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation
or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions
in the future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 21pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 51pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">The Company acknowledges and
agrees that the representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser&#8217;s right to rely on
the Company&#8217;s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any
other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation
of the transactions contemplated hereby. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute
a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or
similar transactions in the future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B>ARTICLE IV.</B><BR>
OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.1<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Warrant
Shares</U>. If all or any portion of a Warrant is exercised at a time when there is an effective registration statement to cover the
issuance or resale of the Warrant Shares or if the Warrant is exercised via cashless exercise, the Warrant Shares issued pursuant to
any such exercise shall be issued free of all legends. If at any time following the date hereof the Registration Statement (or any
subsequent registration statement registering the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares) is not effective or is not otherwise
available for the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall immediately notify the holders of the Warrants in writing
that such registration statement is not then effective and thereafter shall promptly notify such holders when the registration
statement is effective again and available for the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares (it being understood and agreed that the
foregoing shall not limit the ability of the Company to issue, or any Purchaser to sell, any of the Warrant Shares in compliance
with applicable federal and state securities laws). The Company shall use best efforts to keep a registration statement (including
the Registration Statement) registering the issuance or resale of the Warrant Shares effective during the term of the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.2<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Furnishing of Information</U>. Until the earlier of the time that (i) no Purchaser owns Securities or (ii) the Warrants have
expired, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all
reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject
to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.3<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Integration</U>. The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any
security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes
of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other
transaction unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.4<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity</U>. The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release disclosing the
material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including the Transaction Documents
as exhibits thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press release,
the Company represents to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to any of
the Purchasers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, or agents, including
in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In addition, effective upon the issuance of such press
release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement, whether written
or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or Affiliates, on the
one hand, and any of the Purchasers or any of their Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate. The Company and each Purchaser shall
consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company
nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company,
with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or without the prior consent of each Purchaser, with respect to any press release
of the Company (other than the press release described in the first sentence of this Section 4.4), which consent shall not unreasonably
be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other
party with prior notice of such public statement or communication, or if such disclosure is consistent with the Form 8-K. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with
the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except (a) as required
by federal securities law in connection with the filing of final Transaction Documents with the Commission and (b) to the extent such
disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice
of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.5<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT> <U>Shareholder Rights Plan</U>. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other
Person, that any Purchaser is an &#8220;<U>Acquiring Person</U>&#8221; under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison
pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted
by the Company, or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving
Securities under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.6<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Non-Public Information</U>. Except with respect to the material pricing terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated
by the Transaction Documents, which shall be disclosed pursuant to Section 4.4, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor
any other Person acting on its behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the
Company reasonably believes constitutes, material non-public information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have consented to
the receipt of such information and agreed with the Company to keep such information confidential. The Company understands and confirms
that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. To the extent that
the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates delivers any material,
non-public information to a Purchaser without such Purchaser&#8217;s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that such Purchaser
shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents,
employees or Affiliates, or a duty to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees
or Affiliates not to trade on the basis of, such material, non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall remain subject to
applicable law. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public
information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant
to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in
effecting transactions in securities of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.7<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Use of Proceeds</U>. Except as set forth on <U>Schedule 4.7</U> attached hereto, the Company shall use the net proceeds from
the sale of the Securities hereunder for working capital purposes and shall not use such proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion
of the Company&#8217;s debt (other than payment of trade payables in the ordinary course of the Company&#8217;s business and prior practices),
(b) for the redemption of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, (c) for the settlement of any outstanding litigation or (d) in
violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.8<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Indemnification
of Purchasers</U>. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.8, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its
directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent
role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such
Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers,
shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding
such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a &#8220;<U>Purchaser
Party</U>&#8221;) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses,
including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys&#8217; fees and costs of investigation
that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any material breach of any of the
representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or
(b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any
stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by
the Transaction Documents (unless such action is solely based upon a material breach of such Purchaser Party&#8217;s
representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party
may have with any such stockholder or any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by
such Purchaser Party which is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct). If any
action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such
Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof
with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ
separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at
the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (x) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the
Company in writing, (y) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (z)
in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel, a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the
Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable, actual and
documented fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under
this Agreement (1) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company&#8217;s prior written consent, which shall
not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (2) to the extent, but only to the extent that a loss, claim, damage or liability is
attributable to any Purchaser Party&#8217;s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by such
Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents. The indemnification required by this Section 4.8 shall be
made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received or
are incurred<FONT STYLE="color: windowtext">; provided, however, that if it is subsequently determined by a final, non-appealable
judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction that a Purchaser Party was not entitled to receive such periodic payments, such
Purchaser Party shall promptly (but in no event later than five Business Days) return such payments to the Company</FONT>. The
indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against
the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.9<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Reservation of Common Stock</U>. As of the date hereof, the Company has reserved and the Company shall continue to reserve and
keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the
Company to issue Shares pursuant to this Agreement and Warrant Shares pursuant to any exercise of the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.10<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Listing
of Common Stock</U>. The Company hereby agrees to use commercially reasonable best efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of
the Common Stock on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall
apply to list or quote all of the Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market and promptly secure the listing of all of the
Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded
on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the Shares and Warrant Shares, and will take such other
action as is necessary to cause all of the Shares and Warrant Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly
as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on a
Trading Market and will comply in all respects with the Company&#8217;s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or
rules of the Trading Market. The Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic transfer through the
Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to
the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.11<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Subsequent Equity Sales</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>From the date hereof until ninety (90) days after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall (i) issue, enter
into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or
(ii) file any registration statement or amendment or supplement thereto; provided, however, that this Section 4.11(a) shall not prohibit
(a) the filing of the Prospectus or the filing of a registration statement or any amendment or supplement thereto pursuant to the Registration
Rights Agreement, dated October 7, 2020, by and between the Company and Dillon Hill Capital, LLC or pursuant to the Registration Rights
Agreement, dated October 7, 2020, by and between the Company and Dillon Hill Investment Company, LLC, (b) the filing of any Annual Report
on Form 10-K, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Current Report on Form 8-K that may be deemed to be an amendment or supplement to any existing
registration statement or (c) the filing of any amendment or supplement to any existing registration statement solely for the purpose
of revising any required disclosure in such registration statement and not for the purpose of increasing the offering size pursuant to
any such registration statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>From
the date hereof until the one-year anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into
an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a
combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. &#8220;<U>Variable Rate Transaction</U>&#8221; means a
transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or
exercisable for, or include the right to receive additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price
or exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common
Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities, or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price
that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence
of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock
or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit or an
 &#8220;at-the-market offering&#8221;, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>,
that after the 120<SUP>th</SUP> day following the Closing Date, the Company&#8217;s issuance of shares of Common Stock or Common
Stock equivalents pursuant to an at-the-market offering facility shall not be deemed a Variable Rate Transaction hereunder. Any
Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in
addition to any right to collect damages.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4.11 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance, except that no Variable Rate
Transaction shall be an Exempt Issuance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.12<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Equal Treatment of Purchasers</U>. No consideration (including any modification of this Agreement shall be offered or paid to
any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of this Agreement unless the same consideration is also offered
to all of the parties to this Agreement. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser
by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class and shall
not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Securities
or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.13<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality</U>. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that neither it
nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short
Sales of any of the Company&#8217;s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such
time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as
described in Section 4.4.<FONT STYLE="color: windowtext">&nbsp; </FONT>Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other
Purchasers, covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company
pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence
and terms of this transaction and the information included in the Disclosure Schedules.&nbsp; N<FONT STYLE="color: windowtext">otwithstanding
the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and
agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions
in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced
pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from
effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time
that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described
in Section 4.4 and (iii) no Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade in the securities of the Company
to the Company or its Subsidiaries after the issuance of the initial press release as described in Section 4.4.&nbsp; </FONT>Notwithstanding
the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage
separate portions of such Purchaser&#8217;s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions
made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser&#8217;s assets, the covenant set forth above shall only
apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the
Securities covered by this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.14<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: windowtext"><U>Exercise Procedures</U>. The form of Notice of Exercise included in the Warrants set forth the
totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers in order to exercise the Warrants. No additional legal opinion, other information
or instructions shall be required of the Purchasers to exercise their Warrants. Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original
Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of
Exercise form be required in order to exercise the Warrants. The Company shall honor exercises of the Warrants and shall deliver Warrant
Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.15<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Lock-Up Agreements</U>. The Company shall not amend, modify, waive or terminate any provision of any of the Lock-Up Agreements
except to extend the term of the lock-up period and shall enforce the provisions of each Lock-Up Agreement in accordance with its terms.
If any party to a Lock-Up Agreement breaches any provision of a Lock-Up Agreement, the Company shall promptly use its best efforts to
seek specific performance of the terms of such Lock-Up Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B>ARTICLE V.</B><BR>
MISCELLANEOUS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.1<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Termination</U>.&nbsp; This Agreement may be terminated (a) by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser&#8217;s obligations hereunder
only and without any effect whatsoever on the obligations between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other
parties or (b) by the Company by written notice to the Purchasers, if in either case the Closing has not been consummated on or before
the fifth (5<SUP>th</SUP>) Trading Day following the date hereof; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that no such termination will affect
the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.2<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Fees and Expenses</U>. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the
fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident
to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees
(including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any exercise
notice delivered by a Purchaser), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the
Purchasers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.3<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Entire Agreement</U>. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Pricing Prospectus and
the Prospectus, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all
prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into
such documents, exhibits and schedules.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.4<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT> <U>Notices</U>. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall
be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication
is delivered via email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New
York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered
via email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later
than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2<SUP>nd</SUP>) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if
sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to
be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto. To the extent
that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the
Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form
8-K.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.5<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Amendments; Waivers</U>. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written
instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and Purchasers which purchased (or, if prior to the Closing, all of the
Purchasers) at least 50.1% in interest of the Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants based on the initial Subscription Amounts hereunder or, in
the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought, provided that if any amendment, modification
or waiver disproportionately and adversely impacts a Purchaser (or group of Purchasers), the consent of such disproportionately impacted
Purchaser (or group of Purchasers) shall also be required. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement
of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other
provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner
impair the exercise of any such right. Any proposed amendment or waiver that disproportionately, materially and adversely affects the
rights and obligations of any Purchaser relative to the comparable rights and obligations of the other Purchasers shall require the prior
written consent of such adversely affected Purchaser. Any amendment effected in accordance with this Section 5.5 shall be binding upon
each Purchaser and holder of Securities and the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.6<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Headings</U>. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed
to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.7<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Successors and Assigns</U>. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors
and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent
of each Purchaser (other than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom
such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred
Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the &#8220;Purchasers.&#8221;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.8<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT> <U>No Third-Party Beneficiaries</U>. The Placement Agent shall be the third party beneficiary of the representations and warranties
of the Company in Section 3.1 and the representations and warranties of the Purchasers in Section 3.2. This Agreement is intended for
the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision
hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.8 and this Section 5.8.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.9<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Governing Law</U>. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents
shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles
of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective
affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and
federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal
courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or
with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents),
and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the
jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party
hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing
a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect
for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice
thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.
If any party shall commence an Action or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations
of the Company under Section 4.8, the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for
its reasonable attorneys&#8217; fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such
Action or Proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.10<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Survival</U>. The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.11<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Execution</U>. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered
one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party,
it being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by e-mail delivery
of a &#8220;.pdf&#8221; format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose
behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such &#8220;.pdf&#8221; signature page were an original thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.12<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT> <U>Severability</U>. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction
to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall
remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially
reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by
such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would
have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared
invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.13<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Rescission and Withdrawal Right</U>. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar
provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction
Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may
rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election
in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that in the case of a rescission
of an exercise of a Warrant, the applicable Purchaser shall be required to return any shares of Common Stock subject to any such rescinded
exercise notice concurrently with the return to such Purchaser of the aggregate exercise price paid to the Company for such shares and
the restoration of such Purchaser&#8217;s right to acquire such shares pursuant to such Purchaser&#8217;s Warrant (including, issuance
of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.14<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Replacement of Securities</U>. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed,
the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation),
or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to
the Company of such loss, theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also
pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.15<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Remedies</U>. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of
damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to seek specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties
agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in
the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the
defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.16<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Payment
Set Aside</U>. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a
Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise
or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by
or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law
(including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the
extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in
full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.17<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Independent Nature of Purchasers&#8217; Obligations and Rights</U>. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction
Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the
performance or non-performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in
any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers
as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any
way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each
Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this
Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional
party in any Proceeding for such purpose. Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation
of the Transaction Documents. For reasons of administrative convenience only, each Purchaser and its respective counsel have chosen to
communicate with the Company through EGS. EGS does not represent any of the Purchasers and only represents the Placement Agent. The Company
has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because
it was required or requested to do so by any of the Purchasers. It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in
this Agreement and in each other Transaction Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and
the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.18<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Liquidated Damages</U>. The Company&#8217;s obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts owing under the
Transaction Documents is a continuing obligation of the Company and shall not terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and
other amounts have been paid notwithstanding the fact that the instrument or security pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages
or other amounts are due and payable shall have been canceled.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.19<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc.</U>&#9;If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any
right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next
succeeding Business Day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.20<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><U>Construction</U>.
The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction
Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting
party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and
every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse
and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after
the date of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.21<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><B><U>WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL</U>. <U>IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER
PARTY UNDER THE TRANSACTION DOCUMENTS, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW,
HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY. </U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>(Signature Pages Follow)</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties
hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first
indicated above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase"><B>applied dna sciences, inc.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line"><U>Address for Notice:</U></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line; width: 3%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; layout-grid-mode: line; width: 46%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line; width: 49%">Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">Name:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">50 Health Sciences Drive,</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">Title:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">Stony Brook, New York 11790</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">Attention: James Hayward</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">Email: james.hayward@adnas.com</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">McDermott Will &amp; Emery LLP</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">One Vanderbilt Avenue</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">New York, New York 10017</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">Attention:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">Email:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO <FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">APDN</FONT>
SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned
have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated
above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Name of Purchaser: ________________________________________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Signature of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser</I>:
_________________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Name of Authorized Signatory: _______________________________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Title of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Email Address of Authorized Signatory: _________________________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Address for Notice to Purchaser:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Address for Delivery of Warrants to Purchaser (if not same as address
for notice):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Subscription Amount: _________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Shares: _________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Pre-Funded Warrant Shares: ___________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Series A Warrants: _________________ Beneficial Ownership Blocker <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT>
4.99% or <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT> 9.99%</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Series B Warrants: _________________ Beneficial Ownership Blocker
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT> 4.99% or  <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT> 9.99%</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Pre-Funded Warrants: _________________ Beneficial Ownership Blocker
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT> 4.99% or  <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT> 9.99%</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">EIN Number: ____________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[SIGNATURE PAGES CONTINUE]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><U>Schedule A</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>tm2222270d1_ex23-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 23.1
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Exhibit 23.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><U>Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm&#8217;s Consent</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We consent to the incorporation by reference in
this Registration Statement of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. on Amendment No. 1 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-266223) of our report dated December
9, 2021, which includes an explanatory paragraph as to the Company&#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern, with respect to our
audits of the consolidated financial statements of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 and for each of the two
years ended September 30, 2021 appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. for the year ended September
30, 2021. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading &#8220;Experts&#8221; in the Prospectus, which is part of this
Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">/s/ Marcum <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">llp</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Melville, NY</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">August 1, 2022</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-FILING FEES
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>tm2222270d1_ex107.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-FILING FEES
<TEXT>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;107</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Calculation of Filing Fee Tables</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Form&nbsp;S-1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Form&nbsp;Type)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><U>Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward
Securities</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Security Type</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Security Class Title</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Fee Calculation or Carry Forward Rule</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Amount<BR>
Registered</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(1)</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Fee Rate</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Amount of Registration Fee</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 32%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and accompanying Series A and Series B Warrants&nbsp;<SUP>(2)(3)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">457(o)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10,000,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.0000927</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">927.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Series A Warrants</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">457(g)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Series B Warrants</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">457(g)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pre-Funded Warrants&nbsp;and accompanying Series A and Series B Warrants <SUP>(3)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">457(g)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, issuable upon exercise of Series A Warrants&nbsp;<SUP>(2)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">457(o)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10,000,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.0000927</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">927.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, issuable upon exercise of Series B Warrants&nbsp;<SUP>(2)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">457(o)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10,000,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.0000927</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">927.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, issuable upon exercise of Pre-Funded Warrants<SUP>(2)(3)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">457(o)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.0000927</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total Offering Amounts</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30,000,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,781.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total Fees Previously Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,854.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total Fee Offsets</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net Fee Due</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">927.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in pursuant to Rule&nbsp;457(o)&nbsp;under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;).</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant to Rule&nbsp;416(a)&nbsp;under the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement shall also cover an indeterminate number of shares that may be issued and resold resulting from stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the common stock will be reduced on a dollar-for-dollar basis based on the offering price of any pre-funded warrants issued in the offering, and the proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the pre-funded warrants to be issued in the offering will be reduced on a dollar-for-dollar basis based on the offering price of any common stock issued in the offering. Accordingly, the proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the common stock and pre-funded warrants (including the common stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants), if any, is $10,000,000.00.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No separate registration fee is payable pursuant to Rule&nbsp;457(g)&nbsp;under the Securities Act.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
