<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-24-050738.txt : 20240424
<SEC-HEADER>0001104659-24-050738.hdr.sgml : 20240424
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240423210437
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-24-050738
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-1
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		5
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240424
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240423

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			APPLIED DNA SCIENCES INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000744452
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-TESTING LABORATORIES [8734]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	08 Industrial Applications and Services
		IRS NUMBER:				592262718
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0930

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-1
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-278890
		FILM NUMBER:		24866525

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		50 HEALTH SCIENCES DRIVE
		CITY:			STONY BROOK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11790
		BUSINESS PHONE:		631-240-8800

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		50 HEALTH SCIENCES DRIVE
		CITY:			STONY BROOK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11790

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PROHEALTH MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20010504

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	DCC ACQUISITION CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19990211

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	DATALINK CAPITAL CORP/TX/
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19980306
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-1
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>tm2412319d1_s1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM S-1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on April 23, 2024</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Registration No.&nbsp;333-</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 3pt; margin-bottom: 3pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>UNITED STATES<BR>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION<BR>
Washington, D.C. 20549</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM&nbsp;S-1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>REGISTRATION STATEMENT<BR>
UNDER<BR>
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 24pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 24pt"><B>Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</B><BR>
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Delaware</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>7380</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>59-2262718</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(State or other jurisdiction of<BR>
    incorporation or organization)</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(primary standard industrial classification<BR>
    code number)</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(I.R.S. Employer<BR>
    Identification Number)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>50 Health Sciences Drive<BR>
Stony Brook, New York 11790<BR>
631-240-8800<BR>
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including<BR>
area code, of registrant&#8217;s principal executive offices)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>James A. Hayward, Ph.D., Sc.D.<BR>
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President<BR>
Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.<BR>
50 Health Sciences Drive<BR>
Stony Brook, New York 11790<BR>
631-240-8801</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone
number, including area code, of agent for service)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><I>Copies to:</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Merrill M. Kraines</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Todd Kornfeld</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>One Vanderbilt Avenue</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>New York, NY 10017-3852</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>212-547-5616</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Robert Charron</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Ellenoff Grossman &amp; Schole LLP</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>1345 Avenue of the Americas</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>New York, NY 10105</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>212-370-1300</B></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Approximate date of commencement of proposed
sale to the public</B>: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If any of the securities being registered on this
Form&nbsp;are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following
box.&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If this Form&nbsp;is filed to register additional
securities for an offering pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(b)&nbsp;under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities
Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&uml;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If this Form&nbsp;is a post-effective amendment
filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(c)&nbsp;under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement
number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&uml;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If this Form&nbsp;is a post-effective amendment
filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(d)&nbsp;under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement
number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&uml;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.
See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221;
and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule&nbsp;12b-2 of the Exchange Act:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%; padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Large accelerated filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">&uml;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Accelerated filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">&uml;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">x</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Smaller reporting company</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">x</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Emerging growth company</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">&uml;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(a)(2)(B)&nbsp;of the Securities Act and Section&nbsp;13(a)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act. &nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&uml;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>The Registrant hereby amends this registration
statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section&nbsp;8(a)&nbsp;of the
Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission,
acting pursuant to said Section&nbsp;8(a), may determine.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 3pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 2pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: red"><B>The information in this preliminary
prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and the Company is not soliciting
an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; color: red"><B>PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: red"><B>SUBJECT TO COMPLETION,
    DATED APRIL 23, 2024</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="tm2412319d1_s1img01.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Up to&nbsp;[&#9679;] Shares of Common Stock
and Accompanying Series A Warrants to Purchase up to [&#9679;] Shares of Common Stock and Series B Warrants to Purchase up to [&#9679;]
Shares of Common Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Or</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase Up to&nbsp;[&#9679;]
Shares of Common Stock and</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Accompanying Series A Warrants to Purchase
up to [&#9679;] Shares of Common Stock and Series B Warrants to Purchase up to&nbsp;[&#9679;] Shares of Common Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Placement Agent Warrants to Purchase Up to
[&#9679;] Shares of Common Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Up to [&#9679;] Shares of Common Stock Underlying
the Pre-Funded Warrants, Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We are offering up to [&#9679;]&nbsp;shares
of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, together with Series A warrants to purchase up to [&#9679;] shares of our common stock
(the &#8220;Series A Warrants&#8221;) and Series B warrants to purchase up to [&#9679;]&nbsp;shares of our common stock (the &#8220;Series
B Warrants&#8221; and, together with the Series A Warrants, the &#8220;Series Warrants&#8221;) at an assumed combined public offering
price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; per share and Series Warrants, which is equal to the last reported sale price per share of our common stock on the Nasdaq
Capital Market on April [&#9679;], 2024, (and the shares of common stock that are issuable from time to time upon exercise of the Series Warrants)
pursuant to this prospectus. The shares of common stock and the Series Warrants will be issued separately but must be purchased together
and the Series Warrants will be issued to purchasers in the ratio of one to one per share of common stock. The Series A Warrants will
be exercisable beginning on the date of issuance (the &#8220;Initial Exercise Date&#8221;), at an exercise price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
per share and will expire on the five-year anniversary of the Initial Exercise Date. The Series B Warrants will be exercisable beginning
on the Initial Exercise Date, at an exercise price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; per share and will expire on the one-year
anniversary of the Initial Exercise Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We are also offering to those
purchasers, if any, whose purchase of our common stock in this offering would otherwise result in such purchaser, together with its affiliates
and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common
stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity, in lieu of purchasing common stock, to purchase pre-funded
warrants to purchase shares of our common stock, or pre-funded warrants. Each pre-funded warrant will be exercisable for one share of
our common stock (subject to adjustment as provided for therein) at any time at the option of the holder until such pre-funded warrant
is exercised in full, provided that the holder will be prohibited from exercising pre-funded warrants for shares of our common stock
if, as a result of such exercise, the holder, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, would own more than 4.99% (or,
at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of the total number of shares of our common stock then issued and outstanding. However, any
holder may increase such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99%, provided that any increase in such percentage shall
not be effective until 61 days after notice to us. The purchase price of each pre-funded warrant will equal the price per share at which
shares of our common stock and accompanying Series Warrants to purchase common stock are being sold to the public in this offering, minus
$0.0001, and the exercise price of each pre-funded warrant will equal $0.0001 per share of common stock. For each pre-funded warrant
purchased in this offering in lieu of common stock, we will reduce the number of shares of common stock we are offering by one. Pursuant
to this prospectus, we are also offering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Series Warrants, pre-funded warrants
and placement agent warrants offered hereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is listed
on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;APDN.&#8221; On April 17, 2024, the last reported sale price of our common stock
on The Nasdaq Capital Market was $6.60 per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have engaged Craig-Hallum
Capital Group LLC, (the &#8220;Placement Agent&#8221;), to act as our exclusive placement agent in connection with this offering. The
Placement Agent has agreed to use its best efforts to arrange for the sale of the securities offered by this prospectus. The Placement
Agent is not purchasing or selling any of the securities we are offering and the Placement Agent is not required to arrange the purchase
or sale of any specific number of securities or dollar amount. We have agreed to pay to the Placement Agent the placement agent fees
set forth in the table below, which assumes that we sell all of the securities offered by this prospectus. There is no minimum number
of securities or minimum aggregate amount of proceeds that is a condition of the closing of this offering. We will bear all costs associated
with the offering. See &#8220;Plan of Distribution&#8221; on page 23 of this prospectus for more information regarding these arrangements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The public offering price
per share of common stock, together with the Series Warrants that accompany the common stock, will be determined between us, the Placement
Agent and the investors in this offering at the time of pricing, and may be at a discount to the current market price. Therefore, the
recent market price of $6.60 per share of common stock used throughout this prospectus may not be indicative of the actual public offering
price for our common stock and the Series Warrants. There is no established public trading market for the Series Warrants or the pre-funded
warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for the listing of the Series Warrants or
the pre-funded warrants on any national securities exchange. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Series Warrants and
the pre-funded warrants will be limited.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">This
offering will terminate on [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;],
2024, unless we decide to terminate the offering (which we may do at any time in our discretion) prior to that date. We will have one
closing for all the securities purchased in this offering. The combined public offering price per share of common stock (or pre-funded
warrant) and accompanying Series Warrants will be fixed for the duration of this offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We may sell fewer than all
securities offered hereby, which may significantly reduce the amount of proceeds received by us, and investors in this offering will
not receive a refund if we do not sell all of the securities offered hereby. We have not established an escrow account in conjunction
with this offering. Because there is no escrow account and no minimum number of securities or amount of proceeds, investors could be
in a position where they have invested in us, but we have not raised sufficient proceeds in this offering to adequately fund the intended
uses of the proceeds as described in this prospectus.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise indicated,
all share and per share information in this prospectus gives effect to the reverse stock split of the Company&#8217;s outstanding common
stock at a ratio of one-for-twenty shares, which was approved by our Board of Directors on April 21, 2024 and is expected be effected
as of 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time on Thursday, April 25, 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Per<BR>
    Share and<BR>
    Series Warrants</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Per
    Pre-Funded<BR> Warrant and<BR>
    Series Warrants</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Total</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 61%; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Public offering price</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Placement Agent fees<SUP>(1)</SUP>&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Proceeds, before expenses, to
    us<SUP>(2)</SUP>&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(1)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">We have agreed to pay the Placement
                                            Agent a total cash fee equal to 7.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in this offering
                                            and to reimburse the Placement Agent for its legal fees and expenses and other out-of-pocket
                                            expenses in an amount up to $110,000, and for its closing costs in an amount of up to $[&#9679;].
                                            In addition, we have agreed to issue to the Placement Agent warrants to purchase up to a
                                            number of shares of our common stock equal to 5.0% of the shares of common stock, including
                                            shares of common stock underlying the pre-funded warrants, being offered in this offering
                                            at an exercise price equal to that of the Series Warrants and with an expiration date of
                                            five years from the commencement of sales. See &#8220;<I>Plan of Distribution</I>&#8221;
                                            for a description of the compensation to be received by the Placement Agent.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(2)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Because there is no
                                            minimum number of securities or amount of proceeds required as a condition to closing in
                                            this offering, the actual public offering amount, Placement Agent fees, and proceeds to us,
                                            if any, are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the total maximum
                                            offering amounts set forth above. In addition, this does not include proceeds from the cash
                                            exercise of the pre-funded warrants, if any, or Series Warrants. For more information, see
                                            &#8220;<I>Plan of Distribution</I>.&#8221;</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Investing
in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; beginning on page 12 of this prospectus and elsewhere
in this prospectus for a discussion of information that should be considered in connection with an investment in our securities.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Neither the Securities
and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy
or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The securities are not being offered in any
jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Delivery of the securities
offered hereby is expected to be made on or about &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;, 2024, subject
to satisfaction of certain customary closing conditions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Craig-Hallum </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>The date of this Prospectus is&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
, 2024.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Table
of Contents</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 90%"><A HREF="#S-1"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">About this
    Prospectus</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-1"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><A HREF="#S-2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Forward-Looking Statements</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><A HREF="#S-3"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Prospectus Summary</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-3"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><A HREF="#S-4"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Summary of the Offering</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-4"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><A HREF="#S-5"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Risk Factors</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-5"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><A HREF="#S-6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Use of Proceeds</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><A HREF="#S-7"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Market Price of our Common
    Stock and Related Stockholder Matters</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-7"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><A HREF="#S-8"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Capitalization</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-8"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><A HREF="#S-9"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Dilution</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-9"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><A HREF="#S-10"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Description of Securities</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-10">19</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><A HREF="#S-11"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-11"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><A HREF="#S-12"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Experts</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-12"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><A HREF="#S-13"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Legal Matters</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-13"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><A HREF="#S-14"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Where you can find more
    information</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-14">26</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><A HREF="#S-15"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">MATERIAL CHANGES</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-15"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><A HREF="#S-16"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">Incorporation by Reference</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><A HREF="#S-16"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><A NAME="S-1"></A><B>ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
information contained in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. You should rely only on the information provided in or incorporated
by reference in this prospectus, or in a related free writing prospectus, or documents to which we otherwise refer you. We have not authorized
anyone else to provide you with different information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have not authorized any
dealer, agent or other person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference
in this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus. You must not rely upon any information or representation not contained or
incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus. This prospectus and any related free writing prospectus,
if any, do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities
to which they relate, nor do this prospectus and any related free writing prospectus, if any, constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation
of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.
You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus and any related free writing prospectus, if any, is accurate
on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of such document or that any information we have incorporated by reference
is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus and any related
free writing prospectus is delivered or securities are sold on a later date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have not done anything
that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus or any free writing prospectus in any jurisdiction where
action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. You are required to inform yourself about and to observe any restrictions
relating as to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus and any such free writing prospectus outside the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We further note that the
representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated
by reference in this prospectus were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the
purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant
to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations,
warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6; Options: NewSection; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->1<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="S-2"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Forward-Looking
Statements</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">and
the documents that we incorporate herein by reference</FONT> contain forward-looking statements concerning our business, operations and
financial performance and condition, as well as our plans, objectives and expectations for our business operations and financial performance
and condition. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements.
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as &#8220;can&#8221;, &#8220;may&#8221;, &#8220;could&#8221;,
 &#8220;should&#8221;, &#8220;assume&#8221;, &#8220;forecasts&#8221;, &#8220;believe&#8221;, &#8220;designed to&#8221;, &#8220;will&#8221;,
 &#8220;expect&#8221;, &#8220;plan&#8221;, &#8220;anticipate&#8221;, &#8220;estimate&#8221;, &#8220;potential&#8221;, &#8220;position&#8221;,
 &#8220;predicts&#8221;, &#8220;strategy&#8221;, &#8220;guidance&#8221;, &#8220;intend&#8221;, &#8220;budget&#8221;, &#8220;seek&#8221;,
 &#8220;project&#8221; or &#8220;continue&#8221;, or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology regarding beliefs, plans, expectations
or intentions regarding the future. You should read statements that contain these words carefully because they:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">discuss our future expectations;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial
    condition; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">state other &#8220;forward-looking&#8221; information.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe it is important
to communicate our expectations. However, forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and
projections about our business and our industry and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. Accordingly,
our actual results and the timing of certain events may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements
due to a variety of factors and risks, including, but not limited to, those set forth under &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; in this prospectus
and in the documents we incorporate by reference herein, and the following factors and risks:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">our expectations of future revenues, expenditures, capital or other
    funding requirements;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the adequacy of our cash and working capital to fund present and planned
    operations and growth; </FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the substantial doubt relating to our ability to continue as a going
    concern;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">our need for additional financing which may in turn require the issuance
    of additional shares of common stock, preferred stock, warrants or other debt or equity securities (including convertible securities)
    which would dilute the ownership held by stockholders;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">our business strategy and the timing of our expansion plans, including
    the development of new production facilities for our Therapeutic DNA Production Services;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">demand for Therapeutic DNA Production Services;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">demand for DNA Tagging Services;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">demand for MDx Testing Services;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">our expectations concerning existing or potential development and license
    agreements for third-party collaborations or joint ventures;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">regulatory approval and compliance for our Therapeutic DNA Production
    Services, upon which our business strategy is substantially dependent;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether we are able to achieve the benefits expected from the acquisition
    of Spindle;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the effect of governmental regulations generally;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">our expectations of when regulatory submissions may be filed or when
    regulatory approvals may be received;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">our expectations concerning product candidates for our technologies;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">our expectations of when or if we will become profitable; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Our current non-compliance with Nasdaq&#8217;s minimum bid price requirements
    may lead to delisting, potentially negatively impacting our business, our ability to raise capital, and the market price and liquidity
    of our common stock. </FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 7; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any or all of our forward-looking
statements may turn out to be wrong. They may be affected by inaccurate assumptions that we might make or by known or unknown risks and
uncertainties. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements.
Among the factors that could affect future results are:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the inherent uncertainties of product development based on our new
    and as yet not fully proven technologies;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the risks and uncertainties regarding the actual effect on humans of
    seemingly safe and efficacious formulations and treatments when tested clinically;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">formulations and treatments that utilize our Therapeutic DNA Production
    Services;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the inherent uncertainties associated with clinical trials of product
    candidates, including product candidates that utilize our Therapeutic DNA Production Services;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the inherent uncertainties associated with the process of obtaining
    regulatory clearance or approval to market product candidates, including product candidates that utilize our Therapeutic DNA Production
    Services;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the inherent uncertainties associated with the process of obtaining
    regulatory clearance for our MDx Testing Services;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the inherent uncertainties associated with commercialization of products
    that have received regulatory clearance or approval, including products that utilize our Therapeutic DNA Production Services;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">economic and industry conditions generally and in our specific markets;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the volatility of, and decline in, our stock price; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">our ability to obtain the necessary financing to fund our operations
    and effect our strategic development plan.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All forward-looking statements
and risk factors included in this prospectus are made as of the date hereof, and all forward-looking statements and risk factors included
in documents incorporated herein by reference are made as of their original date, in each case based on information available to us as
of the date hereof, or in the case of documents incorporated by reference, the original date of any such document, and we assume no obligations
to update any forward-looking statement or risk factor, unless we are required to do so by law. If we do update one or more forward-looking
statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make updates with respect to other forward-looking statements or that we will make
any further updates to those forward-looking statements at any future time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Forward-looking statements
may include our plans and objectives for future operations, including plans and objectives relating to our products and our future economic
performance, projections, business strategy and timing and likelihood of success. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments
with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions, future business decisions, demand for our products
and services, and the time and money required to successfully complete development and commercialization of our technologies, all of
which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any of the assumptions underlying
the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus could prove inaccurate and, therefore, we cannot assure you that any of the
results or events contemplated in any of such forward-looking statements will be realized. Based on the significant uncertainties inherent
in these forward-looking statements, the inclusion of any such statement should not be regarded as a representation or as a guarantee
by us that our objectives or plans will be achieved, and we caution you against relying on any of the forward looking-statements contained
herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="S-3"></A><B>PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This summary highlights certain
information about us, this offering and information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference
in this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing
in our securities. After you carefully read this summary, to fully understand our Company and this offering and its consequences to you,
you should read this entire prospectus and any related free writing prospectus authorized by us, including the information referred to
under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; in this prospectus beginning on page&nbsp;12, and any related free writing prospectus, as
well as the other documents that we incorporate by reference into this prospectus, including our financial statements and the notes to
those financial statements, which are incorporated herein by reference from our&nbsp;Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the year ended
September&nbsp;30, 2023, filed December&nbsp;7, 2023, as amended on January&nbsp;26, 2024, and our&nbsp;Quarterly Report on Form&nbsp;10-Q
for the three month period ended December&nbsp;31, 2023, filed on February&nbsp;8, 2024. Please read &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information&#8221;
on page&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">26 of this prospectus. Except as otherwise indicated, all share and per share information
in this prospectus gives effect to the reverse stock split of the Company&#8217;s outstanding common stock at a ratio of one-for-twenty
shares, which was approved by our Board of Directors on April 21, 2024 and is expected to be effected as of 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time
on Thursday, April 25, 2024.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 8; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In this prospectus, unless
context requires otherwise, references to &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us,&#8221; &#8220;our,&#8221; or &#8220;the Company&#8221; refer to
Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., a Delaware corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. Our trademarks currently used in the United
States include Applied DNA Sciences&reg;, SigNature&reg; molecular tags, SigNature&reg; T molecular tags, fiberTyping&reg;, SigNify&reg;,
Beacon&reg;, CertainT&reg;, Linea&#8482; DNA, Linea&#8482; RNAP, Linea&#8482; COVID-19 Diagnostic Assay Kit, safeCircle&reg; COVID-19
testing and TR8<SUP>TM</SUP>&nbsp;pharmacogenetic testing. We do not intend our use or display of other companies&#8217; trade names
or trademarks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies. All trademarks, service marks
and trade names included in this prospectus are the property of the respective owners.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Company Overview</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are a biotechnology company
developing and commercializing technologies to produce and detect deoxyribonucleic acid (&#8220;DNA&#8221;) and ribonucleic acid (&#8220;RNA&#8221;).
Using the polymerase chain reaction (&#8220;PCR&#8221;) to enable the production and detection of DNA and RNA, we currently operate in
three primary business markets: (i)&nbsp;the enzymatic manufacture of synthetic DNA for use in the production of nucleic acid-based therapeutics
(including biologics and drugs) and, through our recent acquisition of Spindle Biotech,&nbsp;Inc. (&#8220;Spindle&#8221;), the development
and sale of a proprietary RNA polymerase (&#8220;RNAP&#8221;) for use in the production of messenger RNA (&#8220;mRNA&#8221;) therapeutics
(&#8220;Therapeutic DNA Production Services&#8221;); (ii)&nbsp;the detection of DNA and RNA in molecular diagnostics and genetic testing
services (&#8220;MDx Testing Services&#8221;); and (iii)&nbsp;the manufacture and detection of DNA for industrial supply chain security
services (&#8220;DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services&#8221;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our current growth strategy
is to primarily focus our resources on the further development, commercialization, and customer adoption of our Therapeutic DNA Production
Services, including the expansion of our contract development and manufacturing operation (&#8220;CDMO&#8221;) for the manufacture of
synthetic DNA for use in the production of nucleic acid-based therapies, and to further expand and commercialize our MDx Testing Services
through genetic testing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will continue to update
our business strategy and monitor the use of our resources regarding our various business markets. In addition, we expect that based
on available opportunities and our beliefs regarding future opportunities, we will continue to modify and refine our business strategy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Therapeutic DNA Production Services</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
Company is developing and commercializing our Linea DNA and Linea IVT platforms for the manufacture of synthetic DNA for use in the production
of nucleic acid-based therapeutics.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><I>Linea DNA Platform</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our
Linea DNA platform is our core enabling technology, and enables the rapid, efficient, and large-scale cell-free manufacture of high-fidelity
DNA sequences for use in the manufacturing of a broad range of nucleic acid-based therapeutics. The Linea DNA platform enzymatically
produces a linear form of DNA we call &#8220;LineaDNA&#8221; that is an alternative to plasmid-based DNA manufacturing technologies that
have supplied the DNA used in biotherapeutics for the past 40 years.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">As
of the fourth quarter of calendar year 2023, there were 3,951 gene, cell and RNA therapies in development from preclinical through pre-registration
stages, almost all of which use DNA in their manufacturing process. (Source: ASGCT Gene, Cell&nbsp;&amp; RNA Therapy Landscape: Q4 2023
Quarterly Report). Due to what we believe are the Linea DNA platform&#8217;s numerous advantages over legacy nucleic acid-based therapeutic
manufacturing platforms, we believe this large number of therapies under development represents a substantial market opportunity for
the Linea DNA platform to supplant legacy manufacturing methods in the manufacture of nucleic acid-based therapies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We
believe our Linea DNA platform holds several important advantages over existing cell-based plasmid DNA manufacturing platforms. Plasmid-based
DNA manufacturing is based on the complex, costly and time-consuming biological process of amplifying DNA in living bacterial cells.
Once amplified, the DNA must be separated from the living cells and other process contaminants via multiple rounds of purification, adding
further complexity and costs. Unlike plasmid-based DNA manufacturing, the Linea DNA platform does not require living cells and instead
amplifies DNA via the enzymatic process of PCR. The Linea DNA platform is simple and can rapidly produce very large quantities of DNA
without the need for complex purification steps.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 9; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We
believe the key advantages of the Linea DNA platform include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Speed &#8211; Production of Linea DNA can be measured in terms of hours,
    not days and weeks as is the case with plasmid-based DNA manufacturing platforms.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Scalability &#8211; Linea DNA production takes place on efficient bench-top
    instruments, allowing for rapid scalability in a minimal footprint.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Purity &#8211; DNA produced via PCR is pure, resulting in only large
    quantities of only the target DNA sequence. Unwanted DNA sequences such as the plasmid backbone and antibiotic resistance genes,
    inherent to plasmid DNA, are not present in Linea DNA.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Simplicity &#8211; The production of Linea DNA is streamlined relative
    to plasmid-based DNA production. Linea DNA requires only four primary ingredients, does not require living cells or complex fermentation
    systems and does not require multiple rounds of purification.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Flexibility &#8211; DNA produced via the Linea DNA platform can be
    easily chemically modified to suit specific customer applications. In addition, the Linea DNA platform can produce a wide range of
    complex DNA sequences that are difficult to produce via plasmid-based DNA production platforms. These complex sequences include inverted
    terminal repeats (&#8220;ITRs&#8221;) and long homopolymers such as polyadenylation sequences (poly (A)&nbsp;tail) important for
    gene therapy and mRNA therapies, respectively.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Preclinical
studies conducted by the Company have shown that Linea DNA is substitutable for plasmid DNA in numerous nucleic acid-based therapies,
including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">DNA vaccines;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">DNA templates to produce RNA, including mRNA therapeutics; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">adoptive cell therapy (CAR-T) manufacturing.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Further,
we believe that Linea DNA is also substitutable for plasmid DNA in the following nucleic acid-based therapies:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">viral vector manufacturing for&nbsp;<I>in vivo&nbsp;</I>and&nbsp;<I>ex
    vivo</I>&nbsp;gene editing;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (&#8220;CRISPR&#8221;)-mediated
    gene therapy; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">non-viral gene therapy.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><I>Linea IVT Platform</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
number of mRNA therapies under development is growing at a rapid rate, thanks in part to the success of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. mRNA
therapeutics are produced via a process called&nbsp;<I>in vitro</I>&nbsp;transcription (&#8220;IVT&#8221;) that requires DNA as a starting
material. As of the 4<SUP>th</SUP>&nbsp;quarter of calendar 2023, there were almost 425 mRNA therapies under development, with the large
majority of these therapies (67%) in the preclinical stage (Source: ASGCT Gene, Cell&nbsp;&amp; RNA Therapy Landscape: Q4 2023 Quarterly
Report). The Company believes that the mRNA market is in a nascent stage that represents a large growth opportunity for the Company via
the production &nbsp;and supply of DNA critical starting materials and RNAP to produce mRNA therapies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In
August&nbsp;2022, the Company launched DNA IVT templates manufactured via its Linea DNA platform and has since secured proof of concept
contracts with numerous mRNA manufacturing customers. In response to this demand, the continued growth of the mRNA therapeutic market,
and the unique abilities of the Linea DNA platform, the Company acquired Spindle in July&nbsp;2023 to potentially increase its mRNA-related
total addressable market (&#8220;TAM&#8221;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 10; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Through
our acquisition of Spindle, we recently launched our Linea IVT platform, which combines Spindle&#8217;s proprietary high-performance
RNAP, now marketed by the Company as Linea RNAP, with our enzymatically produced Linea DNA IVT templates. We believe the Linea IVT platform
enables our customers to make better mRNA, faster. Based on data generated by the Company, we believe the integrated Linea IVT platform
offers the following advantages over conventional mRNA production to therapy developers and manufacturers:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The prevention or reduction of double stranded RNA (&#8220;dsRNA&#8221;)
    contamination resulting in higher target mRNA yields with the potential to reduce downstream processing steps. dsRNA is a problematic
    immunogenic byproduct produced during conventional mRNA manufacture;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">delivery of IVT templates in as little as 14 days for milligram scale
    and 30 days for gram scale; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">reduced mRNA manufacturing complexities.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">According
to the Company&#8217;s internal modeling, the ability to sell both Linea DNA IVT templates and Linea RNAP under the Linea IVT platform
potentially increases the Company&#8217;s mRNA-related TAM by approximately 3x as compared to selling Linea DNA IVT templates alone,
while also providing a more competitive offering to the mRNA manufacturing market. Currently, Linea RNAP is produced for the Company
by a third-party CDMO located in the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><I>Manufacturing Scale-up</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
Company plans to offer several quality grades of Linea DNA, each of which will have different permitted uses.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="width: 33%; border: black 1pt solid; padding: 5pt 4.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Quality
    Grade</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 34%; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 5pt 4.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Permitted
    Use</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 33%; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 5pt 4.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Company
    Status</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding: 5pt 4.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">GLP</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 5pt 4.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Research
    and pre-clinical discovery</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 5pt 4.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Currently
    available</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding: 5pt 4.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">GMP
    for Starting Materials</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 5pt 4.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">DNA
    critical starting materials for the production of mRNA therapies</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 5pt 4.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Planned
    availability&nbsp;&nbsp;in Q3 of CY2024</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding: 5pt 4.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">GMP</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 5pt 4.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">DNA
    biologic, drug substance and/or drug product</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 5pt 4.4pt; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Planned
    availability second half of CY 2025 (1)</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(1)&nbsp;Dependent
on the availability of future financing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">The
Company currently manufactures Linea DNA pursuant to Good Laboratory Practices (&#8220;GLP&#8221;) and, is creating a fit for purpose
manufacturing facility within our current Stony Brook, NY laboratory space capable of producing Linea DNA IVT templates under Good Manufacturing
Practices (&#8220;GMP&#8221;) suitable for use as a critical starting material for clinical and commercial mRNA therapeutics, with a
planned completion date in the third quarter of calendar year 2024. The Company also plans to offer Linea DNA materials manufactured
under GMP suitable for use as, or incorporation into, a biologic, drug substance and/or drug product, with availability expected during
the second half of calendar year 2025, dependent upon the availability of future funding. GMP is a quality standard used globally and
by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (&#8220;FDA&#8221;) to ensure pharmaceutical quality. &nbsp;Drug substances are the pharmaceutically
active components of drug products.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><I>Segment Business
Strategy</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our
business strategy for our Therapeutic DNA Production Services is to capitalize upon the rapid growth of mRNA therapies in the near term
via our planned near term future availability of Linea DNA IVT templates manufactured under GMP, while at the same time laying the basis
for additional clinical and commercial applications of Linea DNA with our future planned availability of Linea DNA manufactured under
GMP suitable for use as, or incorporation into, a biologic, drug substance and/or drug product. Our current plan is: (i)&nbsp;through
our Linea IVT platform and planned near term future GMP manufacturing capabilities for IVT templates to secure commercial-scale supply
contracts with clinical and commercial mRNA and/or self-amplifying mRNA (&#8220;sa-RNA&#8221;) manufacturers for Linea DNA IVT templates
and/or Linea RNAP as critical starting materials; (ii)&nbsp;to utilize our current GLP production capacity for non-IVT template applications
to secure supply and/or development contracts with pre-clinical therapy developers that use DNA in their therapy manufacturing, and (iii)&nbsp;upon
our development of our planned future Linea DNA production under GMP suitable for use as, or incorporation into, a biologic, drug substance
and/or drug product, to convert existing and new Linea DNA customers into large-scale supply &nbsp;contracts to supply Linea DNA for
clinical and commercial use as, or incorporation into, a biologic, drug substance and/or drug product in a wide range of nucleic acid
therapies. Until we complete our GMP facility to produce DNA critical starting materials (DNA IVT templates) for mRNA manufacturing,
we will not be able to realize significant revenues from this business. We estimate the cost of creating the critical starting materials
fit-for-purpose manufacturing facility will be approximately $1.5 million. We anticipate that the proceeds from the Offering should be
sufficient to support the costs of this facility. &nbsp;If we were to expand the facility to enable GMP production of Linea DNA for use
as, or incorporation, into a biologic, drug substance and/or drug product, the cost may be up to approximately $7 million which would
require additional funding. We anticipate that the fit-for-purpose manufacturing facility would be created within our existing laboratory
space. We anticipate that a facility to enable GMP production of biologic, drug substances and/or drug products would require us to acquire
additional space.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 11; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">In
addition, we plan to leverage our Therapeutic DNA Production Services and deep knowledge of PCR to develop and monetize, ourselves or
with strategic partners, one or more Linea DNA-based therapeutic or prophylactic vaccines for high-value veterinary health indications
(collectively &#8220;Linea DNA Vaccines&#8221;). We currently seek to commercialize our Linea DNA Vaccines in conjunction with lipid
nanoparticle (&#8220;LNP&#8221;) encapsulation to facilitate intramuscular (&#8220;IM&#8221;) administration. We have recently demonstrated&nbsp;<I>in
vitro</I>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<I>in vivo</I>&nbsp;(mice studies) expression of generic reporter proteins via Linea DNA encapsulated by LNPs.
For the&nbsp;<I>in vivo</I>&nbsp;study, successful expression of the LNP-encapsulated Linea DNA was administered and achieved via IM
injection. We believe that our Linea DNA Vaccines under development provide a substantial advantage over plasmid DNA-based vaccines for
the veterinary health market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><B><I>MDx Testing Services</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Through
ADCL, we leverage our expertise in DNAand RNA detection via PCR to provide and develop clinical molecular diagnostics and genetic (collectively
 &#8220;MDx&#8221;) testing services. ADCL is a NYSDOH clinical laboratory improvement amendments-certified laboratory which is currently
permitted for virology. Permitting for genetics (molecular) is currently pending with the NYSDOH. In providing MDx testing services,
ADCL employs its own or third-party molecular diagnostic tests.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We
have successfully validated internally our pharmacogenomics testing services (the &#8220;PGx Testing Services&#8221;). Our PGx Testing
Services will utilize a 120-target PGx panel test to evaluate the unique genotype of a specific patient to help guide the patient&#8217;s
healthcare provider in making individual drug therapy decisions. Our PGx Testing Services are designed to interrogate DNA targets on
over 33 genes and provide genotyping information relevant to certain cardiac, mental health, oncology, and pain management drug therapies.
Our PGx Testing Services cannot commence until we receive approval from the NYSDOH.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">On
March&nbsp;22, 2023, we submitted our validation package to the NYSDOH for our PGx Testing Services. On September&nbsp;21, 2023, we received
a first set of comments from NYSDOH requesting additional data and clarifications. A response was submitted to NYSDOH on November&nbsp;17,
2023. &nbsp;On December&nbsp;26, 2023, we received a second set of comments from NYSDOH requesting additional data and clarifications
to which a response was submitted on February&nbsp;23, 2024. A third set of comments was received from NYSDOH on March 29, 2024. A response
must be filed by May 28, 2024.&nbsp;Currently, timing of any approval by NYSDOH for our PGx Testing Services is unclear. Recently published
studies show that population-scale PGx enabled medication management can significantly reduce overall population healthcare costs, reduce
adverse drug events, and increase overall population wellbeing. These benefits can result in significant cost savings to large entities
and self-insured employers, the latter accounting for approximately 65% of all U.S. employers in 2022. If and when approved by the NYSDOH,
we plan to leverage our PGx Testing Services to provide PGx testing services to large entities and self-insured employers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Historically,
the majority of our revenue attributable to our MDx Testing Services has been derived from our safeCircle&reg; COVID-19 testing solutions,
for which testing demand has significantly declined commencing in our fiscal third quarter of 2023, resulting in substanitally reduced
revenues. We expect future demand for COVID-19 testing to continue to be reduced and we may terminate COVID-19 testing services in the
future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>DNA Tagging and Security Products and
Services</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">By
leveraging our expertise in both the manufacture and detection of DNA via PCR, our DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services allow
our customers to use non-biologic DNA tags manufactured on our Linea DNA platform to mark objects in a unique manner and then identify
these objects by detecting the absence or presence of the DNA tag. The Company&#8217;s core DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services,
which are marketed collectively as a platform under the trademark CertainT&reg;, include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SigNature&reg; Molecular Tags, which are short non-biologic DNA taggants
    produced by the Company&#8217;s Linea DNA platform, provide a methodology to authenticate goods within large and complex supply chains
    with a focus on cotton, nutraceuticals and other products.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SigNify&reg; portable DNA readers and SigNify consumable reagent test
    kits provide definitive real-time authentication of the Company&#8217;s DNA tags in the field.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">fiberTyping&reg; and other product genotyping services use PCR-based
    DNA detection to determine a cotton species or cultivar, via a product&#8217;s naturally occurring DNA sequence for the purposes
    of product provenance authentication.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Isotopic analysis testing services, provided in partnership with third-party
    labs, use cotton&#8217;s carbon, hydrogen and oxygen elements to indicate origin of its fiber through finished goods.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">To
date, our largest commercial application for our DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services is in the tracking and provenance authentication
of cotton.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Our
business plan is to leverage consumer and governmental awareness for product traceability to expand our existing partnerships and seek
new partnerships for our DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services with a focus on cotton.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 12; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->7<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Recent Developments</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><I>Special Meeting of Stockholders</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On April 15, 2024, we held
a special meeting of stockholders (the &#8220;Special Meeting&#8221;) pursuant to which our stockholders approved the following: (i)&nbsp;in
accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule&nbsp;5635(d), the issuance to certain holders of common stock purchase warrants in connection with
a private placement; (ii)&nbsp;in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule&nbsp;5635(d), the repricing of certain of our common stock purchase
warrants; (iii)&nbsp;a grant of discretionary authority to the Board of Directors giving them the authority to amend the Company&#8217;s
certificate of incorporation, as amended, to effect a reverse stock split of common stock, at a ratio in the range from one-for-five
to one-for-fifty, with such specific ratio to be determined by the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors following the Special Meeting (the
 &#8220;Reverse Split Proposal&#8221;); and (iv)&nbsp;an amendment to the Company&#8217;s 2020 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the number
of authorized shares of common stock reserved for issuance by 200,000 shares.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><I>Reverse Stock Split</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As discussed above, on April
15, 2024, we held the Special Meeting where our stockholders approved the Reverse Split Proposal. Our Board of Directors believes that
the reverse stock split is the best option available to increase our stock price as required for continued listing on Nasdaq and determined
on April 21, 2024 that the split ratio should be one-for-twenty shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The reverse stock split is
expected to be effected as of 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time on Thursday, April 25, 2024 and will combine each twenty shares of our outstanding
common stock into one share of common stock, without any change in the par value per share. Moreover, the reverse stock split correspondingly
will adjust, a) the per share exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of all outstanding options, and b) the
number of shares underlying any of our outstanding warrants by adjusting the conversion ratio for each instrument and increasing the
applicable exercise price or conversion price in accordance with the terms of each instrument and based on the reverse stock split ratio.
No fractional shares will be issued in connection with the reverse stock split. Any fractional shares resulting from the reverse stock
split will be rounded up to the nearest whole share. The reverse stock split will result in a reduction of our outstanding shares of
common stock from 17,261,343 to 863,068 shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Even if the reverse stock
split achieves the requisite increase in the market price of our common stock to be in compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement,
as discussed further below, there can be no assurance that the market price of our common stock following the reverse stock split will
remain at the level required for continuing compliance with that requirement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Company Information</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are a Delaware corporation,
which was initially formed in 1983 under the laws of the State of Florida as Datalink Systems,&nbsp;Inc. In 1998, we reincorporated in
the State of Nevada, and in 2002, we changed our name to our current name, Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. On December&nbsp;17, 2008,
we reincorporated from the State of Nevada to the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our corporate headquarters
are located at the Long Island High Technology Incubator at Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, New York, where we have established
laboratories for the manufacture and detection of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) to support our various business units. In addition, this
location also houses our NYSDOH CLEP-permitted, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (&#8220;CLIA&#8221;)-certified clinical laboratory
where we perform MDx Testing Services. The mailing address of our corporate headquarters is 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New
York 11790, and our telephone number is (631) 240-8800.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are a &#8220;smaller reporting
company&#8221; as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and have elected to take advantage
of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies. We will continue to be a &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221;
until we have $250&nbsp;million or more in public float (based on our common stock) measured as of the last business day of our most
recently completed second fiscal quarter or, in the event we have no&nbsp;public float (based on our common stock) or a public float
(based on our common stock) that is less than $700&nbsp;million, annual revenues of $100&nbsp;million or more during the most recently
completed fiscal year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We may choose to take advantage
of some, but not all, of these exemptions. We have taken advantage of reduced reporting requirements in this prospectus. Accordingly,
the information contained herein may be different from the information you receive from other public companies in which you hold stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->8<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Risk Factor Summary</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>This summary does not address all of the risks
that we face. Additional discussions of the risks summarized in this risk factor summary, and other risks that we face, can be found
below and should be carefully considered, together with other information in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference
herein before making investment decisions.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We have produced limited revenue. This makes it difficult to evaluate
    our future prospects and increase the risk that we will not be successful.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">There is substantial doubt relating to our ability to continue as a
    going concern.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Our opportunities to work with customers to develop pharmaceuticals
    and biologics will require substantial additional funding. Our customers may not be successful in their efforts to create a pipeline
    of product candidates, to develop commercially successful products, or to develop commercially successful biologic production.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We may not successfully implement our business strategies, including
    achieving our growth objectives.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We may require additional financing which may in turn require the issuance
    of additional shares of common stock, preferred stock or other debt or equity securities (including convertible securities) and which
    would dilute the ownership held by or stockholders.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Our operating results have been and could be adversely affected by
    a reduction in business with our significant customers.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We may encounter difficulties in managing our growth and these difficulties
    could impair our profitability.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Our current emphasis on Therapeutic DNA Production Services may reduce
    our ability to maintain and expand our existing MDX Testing Services and DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services businesses.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If in the future our MDX Testing Services and DNA Tagging and Security
    Products and Services businesses do not generate significant cash flows, we may not have sufficient capital to develop, commercialize
    and have our customers adopt our Therapeutic DNA Production Services.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If we are unable to expand our DNA manufacturing capacity, we could
    lose revenue and our business could suffer.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Rapidly changing technology and extensive competition in synthetic
    biology could make the services or products we are developing obsolete or non-competitive unless we continue to develop new and improved
    services or products and pursue new market opportunities.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Pharmaceutical, diagnostic and biologic products and/or services are
    highly complex, and if we or our collaborators and customers are unable to provide quality and timely offerings to our respective
    customers, our business could suffer.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We will need to develop and maintain manufacturing facilities that
    meet GMP.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Pharmaceutical and biologic-related revenue will be dependent on our
    collaborators&#8217; and customers&#8217; demand for our manufacturing services.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Our safeCircle<SUP>TM</SUP> COVID-19 testing service could become obsolete
    or its utility could be significantly diminished, including in light of significantly decreasing demand for COVID-19 testing services.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We may be unable to consistently manufacture or source our products
    to the necessary specifications or in quantities necessary to meet demand on a timely basis and at acceptable performance and cost
    levels.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The markets for drug and biologic candidates and synthetic DNA are
    very competitive, and we may be unable to continue to compete effectively in these industries in the future.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The markets for our supply chain security and product authentication
    solutions are very competitive, and we may be unable to continue to compete effectively in these industries in the future.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We compete with life science, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies,
    some of whom are our customers, who are substantially larger than we are and potentially capable of developing new approaches that
    could make our products and technology obsolete or develop their own internal capabilities that compete with our products.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Our intellectual property rights are valuable, and any inability to
    protect them could reduce the value of our products, services and brand.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->9<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Pharmaceutical and biologic-related revenue is generally dependent
    on regulatory approval, oversight and compliance.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If the FDA were to begin to enforce regulation of laboratory-developed
    tests, we could incur substantial costs and delays associated with trying to obtain pre-market clearance or approval and costs associated
    with complying with post-market requirements in respect of MDx Testing Services.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If we fail to comply with laboratory licensing requirements, we could
    lose the ability to offer our MDx Testing Services or experience disruptions to our business.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If we fail to comply with healthcare laws, we could face substantial
    penalties and our business, operations and financial conditions could be adversely affected.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If we are unable to continue to retain the services of Dr.&nbsp;Hayward,
    we may not be able to continue our operations.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We may have conflicts of interest with our affiliates and related parties,
    and in the past we have engaged in transactions and entered into agreements with affiliates that were not negotiated at arms&#8217;
    length.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">There are a large number of shares of common stock underlying our outstanding
    options and warrants and the sale of these shares may depress the market price of our common stock and cause immediate and substantial
    dilution to our existing stockholders.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We have received written notice from Nasdaq that we are not in compliance
    with Nasdaq&#8217;s minimum bid requirements and if we are unable to regain compliance with the Nasdaq continued listing standards
    we could be delisted from Nasdaq, which would negatively impact our business, our ability to raise capital, and the market price
    and liquidity of our common stock. The Company intends for the Reverse Stock Split to enable it to regain compliance with the Minimum
    Bid Price Requirement.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The reverse stock split, which is expected to be effected on Thursday,
    April 25, 2024, may adversely impact the market price of our common stock.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The reverse stock split may not result in an increase in the market
    price of our common stock and, as a result, may not satisfy the Minimum Bid Price Requirement.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The reverse stock split may decrease the liquidity of the shares of
    our common stock and the resulting market price of our common stock may not attract or satisfy the investing requirements of new
    investors, including institutional investors.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The effective increase in the number of shares of our common stock
    available for issuance as a result of our reverse stock split could result in further dilution to our existing stockholders and have
    anti-takeover implications.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">In addition to the above key factors, as well as other variables affecting
    our operating results and financial condition, past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance,
    and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->10<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="S-4"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Summary
of the Offering</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 28%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Common stock to be offered</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom; width: 70%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Up to [&#9679;] shares of common stock
on a &#8220;best efforts&#8221; basis.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Pre-funded warrants offered by us in this offering</B></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We are also offering to each purchaser whose purchase
of shares of common stock in this offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related
parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately
following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to purchase, if the purchaser so chooses, pre-funded warrants, in lieu of
shares of common stock that would otherwise result in the purchaser&#8217;s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% (or, at the election
of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock. Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of pre-funded warrants will not have
the right to exercise any portion of its pre-funded warrants if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess
of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect
to such exercise. Each pre-funded warrant will be exercisable for one share of our common stock. The purchase price of each pre-funded
warrant and accompanying Series Warrants will equal the price per share at which the shares of common stock and accompanying Series Warrants
are being sold to the public in this offering, minus $0.0001, and the exercise price of each pre-funded warrant will be $0.0001 per share.
The pre-funded warrants are immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised
in full. This offering also relates to the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of any pre-funded warrants sold in this offering.
For each pre-funded warrant we sell, the number of shares of common stock we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Description of Series Warrants</B></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We are issuing to purchasers of shares of our common stock and/or pre-funded
warrants in this offering a Series A Warrant to purchase one share of our common stock and a Series B Warrant to purchase one share&nbsp;of
our common stock for each share and/or pre-funded warrant purchased in this offering for a combined purchase price of $[&#9679;]. The
Series A Warrants and the Series B Warrants are referred to herein together as the &#8220;Series Warrants&#8221;.&nbsp;Because Series
Warrants to purchase shares&nbsp;of our common stock are being sold together in this offering with each share of common stock and, in
the alternative, each pre-funded warrant to purchase one share of common stock, the number of Series Warrants sold in this offering will
not change as a result of a change in the mix of the shares of our common stock and pre-funded warrants sold.&nbsp;Each Series A Warrant
will have an exercise price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;per share, will be exercisable upon issuance and
will expire five years from the date of issuance. Each Series B Warrant will have an exercise price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;per
share, will be exercisable upon issuance and will expire on the one-year anniversary of the date of issuance. No fractional shares of
common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Series Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will round up to the
next whole share. See &#8220;Description of Securities &#8212; Series Warrants.&#8221; This prospectus also relates to the offering of
the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Series Warrants.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Description of Placement Agent Warrants</B></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Pursuant to this prospectus, we will issue to the Placement Agent
(or its designees) warrants to purchase shares equal to 5.0% of the shares of common stock, </FONT>including shares of common stock underlying
the pre-funded warrants, being offered in this offering at an exercise price equal to that of the Series Warrants and with an expiration
date of five years from the commencement of sales <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">as part of the compensation payable to the Placement
Agent in connection with this offering (the &#8220;Placement Agent Warrants&#8221;). See &#8220;Plan of Distribution&#8221; on page 23
of this prospectus. This prospectus also relates to the offering of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Placement
Agent Warrants.</FONT> &nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Common stock outstanding prior to this offering</B></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">863,068 shares.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Common stock to be outstanding after this offering</B></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;]&nbsp;shares (assuming no sale of any pre-funded warrants and
assuming none of the Series Warrants issued in this offering are exercised).</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->11<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 28%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Use of proceeds</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom; width: 70%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We estimate that the net proceeds
    to us from this offering will be approximately $[&#9679;], after deducting the Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses
    payable by us and assuming no exercise of the Series Warrants. We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities
    for the further development of our Therapeutic DNA Production and MDx Testing Services, as well as general corporate purposes, which
    may include research and development expenses, capital expenditures, working capital and general and administrative expenses, and
    potential acquisitions of or investments in businesses, products and technologies that complement our business, although we have
    no present commitments or agreements to make any such acquisitions or investments as of the date of this prospectus. Pending these
    uses, we intend to invest the funds in short-term, investment grade, interest-bearing securities. It is possible that, pending their
    use, we may invest the net proceeds in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for us. See &#8220;Use of Proceeds&#8221;
    on page&nbsp;16 of this prospectus.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Risk factors</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">You should carefully read and consider the
    information set forth under &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; on page 12 of this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference
    herein before deciding to invest in our securities.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Lock-up agreements</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We and all of our executive officers and directors
    will enter into lock-up agreements in connection with the offering. Under these agreements, we and each of these persons may not,
    without the prior written approval of the Placement Agent, offer, sell, contract to sell or otherwise dispose of or hedge common
    stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stock, subject to certain exceptions. The restrictions contained
    in these agreements will be in effect for a period of 90 days after the date of the closing of this offering. For more information,
    see &#8220;Plan of Distribution&#8221; on page 23&nbsp;of this prospectus.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Market for common stock</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol
    &#8220;APDN.&#8221;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Listing of pre-funded warrants and Series Warrants </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">We do not intend to list the pre-funded warrants or the Series Warrants
    on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. Without a trading market, the liquidity of the pre-funded warrants
    and Series Warrants will be extremely limited.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The number of shares of our
common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on the&#8239;863,068 shares of our common stock outstanding as of April&nbsp;17,
2024, and excludes the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 98%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">109,271&nbsp;&nbsp;shares of common stock issuable upon
    exercise of options outstanding as of April 17, 2024, with a weighted average exercise price of $185.00 per share; </FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 98%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">945,867 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of
    warrants outstanding as of April 17, 2024, with a weighted average exercise price of $18.20 per share; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 98%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">267,355 shares of common stock reserved for future grant
    or issuance as of April 17, 2024, under our equity incentive plan.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="S-5"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Risk
Factors</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Investment in our securities,
including our common stock, Series Warrants, and pre-funded warrants, involves a high degree of risk. In addition to the risks and investment
considerations discussed elsewhere in this prospectus, any document incorporated by reference herein or any &#8220;free writing prospectus&#8221;
we have authorized in connection with this offering, the following factors should be carefully considered by anyone purchasing the securities
offered by this prospectus. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties
not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations. We also update risk factors from
time to time in our periodic reports on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419018217/tv518228_10-ka.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Forms
10-K</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419039521/tv526857_10q.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">10-Q</A>
and <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419041661/tv528207_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">8-K</A>
which will be incorporated by reference in this prospectus. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business could be harmed.
In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline and investors could lose all or a part of their investment. All of
these risks could adversely affect our business, business prospects, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>See also the statements
contained under the heading &#8220;Forward-Looking Statements.&#8221;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->12<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Risks Related to Our Business: </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><B><I>There is substantial
doubt relating to our ability to continue as a going concern.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We
have recurring net losses, which have resulted in an accumulated deficit of $303,630,004 as of December 31, 2023. We have incurred a
net loss of $1,130,281 for the quarter ended December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $3,359,045.
We have concluded that these factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the issuance
of the financial statements. We will continue to seek to raise additional working capital through public equity, private equity or debt
financings. If we fail to raise additional working capital, or do so on commercially unfavorable terms, it would materially and adversely
affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations, and we may be unable to continue as a going concern. &nbsp;If
we seek additional financing to fund our business activities in the future and there remains substantial doubt about our ability to continue
as a going concern, investors or other financing sources may be unwilling to provide additional funding to us on commercially reasonable
terms, if at all.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><B><I>We have received
written notice from Nasdaq that we are not in compliance with Nasdaq&#8217;s minimum bid price requirements and if we are unable to regain
compliance with Nasdaq continued listing standardswe could be delisted from The Nasdaq Stock Market, which would negatively impact our
business, our ability to raise capital, and the market price and liquidity of our common stock.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;) Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the &#8220;Minimum Bid Price Requirement&#8221;) requires that
the Company&#8217;s common stock maintain a closing bid price for 30 consecutive business days of $1.00 per share. On December 1, 2023,
the Company received a letter (the &#8220;Notice&#8221;) from Nasdaq notifying the Company that, because the closing bid price for its
common stock has been below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days, it no longer complies with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement
for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. There is no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the Minimum
Bid Price Requirement. The Notice had no immediate effect on the listing of the Company&#8217;s common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market.
The Company has been provided an initial compliance period of 180 calendar days to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement.
During the compliance period, the Company&#8217;s shares of common stock will continue to be listed and traded on The Nasdaq Capital
Market. To regain compliance, the closing bid price of the Company&#8217;s common stock must meet or exceed $1.00 per share for a minimum
of ten consecutive business days during the 180-day compliance period. The Company intends for the Reverse Stock Split to enable it to
regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">If
our common stock is delisted by Nasdaq, our common stock may be eligible for quotation on an over-the-counter quotation system or on
the pink sheets but will lack the market efficiencies associated with Nasdaq. Upon any such delisting, our common stock would become
subject to the regulations of the SEC relating to the market for penny stocks. A penny stock is any equity security not traded on a national
securities exchange that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share. The regulations applicable to penny stocks may severely affect
the market liquidity for our common stock and could limit the ability of stockholders to sell securities in the secondary market. In
such a case, an investor may find it more difficult to dispose of or obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common
stock, and there can be no assurance that our common stock will be eligible for trading or quotation on any alternative exchanges or
markets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Delisting
from Nasdaq could adversely affect our ability to raise additional financing through public or private sales of equity securities, would
significantly affect the ability of investors to trade our securities and would negatively affect the value and liquidity of our common
stock. Delisting could also have other negative results, including the potential loss of confidence by employees and customers, the loss
of institutional investor interest and fewer business development opportunities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Risks Related to Our Reverse Stock Split:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>We approved a reverse stock split which
is expected to be effected on Thursday, April 25, 2024 which may adversely impact the market price of our common stock.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">On April 15, 2024, our stockholders
approved the Reverse Stock Split Proposal<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">.&nbsp;</FONT>Subsequently, on April 21, 2024, our Board
of Directors approved a ratio of one-for-twenty shares, which is expected to be effected at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time on Thursday, April
25, 2024. The effect of the reverse stock split upon the market price of our common stock cannot be predicted with certainty and there
is no assurance that our common stock will trade at a price consistent with such reverse stock split. Accordingly, it is possible that
the market price of our common stock following the reverse stock split will decline, possibly more than would occur in the absence of
a reverse stock split.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 18; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->13<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>The reverse stock split may not result
in an increase in the market price of our common stock and, as a result we may not satisfy Nasdaq&#8217;s Minimum Bid Price Requirement.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In order to maintain our
listing on Nasdaq, our common stock must, among other requirements, satisfy the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. To regain compliance with
the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, the bid price of our common stock must have a closing bid price of at least $1.00 per share for a
minimum of 10 consecutive trading days. With approval of our stockholders, our Board of Directors decided to effect a reverse stock split
in order to satisfy the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. However, it is possible that the market price of our common stock following the
reverse stock split will not increase sufficiently for us to remain at the level required for continuing compliance with the Minimum
Bid Price Requirement. Even if the reverse stock split achieves the requisite increase in the market price of our common stock to be
in compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, there can be no assurance that the market price of our common stock following the
reverse stock split will remain at the level required for continuing compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and we may still
be delisted.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>The reverse stock split may decrease the
liquidity of the shares of our common stock and the resulting market price of our common stock may not attract or satisfy the investing
requirements of new investors, including institutional investors.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The liquidity of the shares
of our common stock may be affected adversely by the reverse stock split given the reduced number of shares outstanding following the
reverse stock split. Additionally, the reverse stock split may increase the number of shareholders who own odd lots (less than 100 shares)
of our common stock, creating the potential for such shareholders to experience an increase in the cost of selling their shares and greater
difficulty affecting such sales. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the reverse stock split will result in a share price that will
attract new investors, including institutional investors, and there can be no assurance that the market price of our common stock will
satisfy the investing requirements of these investors. Consequently, the trading liquidity of our common stock may not necessarily improve
as a result of the reverse stock split.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>The effective increase in the number of
shares of our common stock available for issuance as a result of our reverse stock split could result in further dilution to our existing
stockholders and have anti-takeover implications.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The reverse stock split alone
had no effect on our authorized capital stock, and the total number of authorized shares remains the same as before the reverse stock
split. The reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares, when effected, will increase the number of shares of our common
stock (or securities convertible or exchangeable for our common stock) available for issuance. The additional available shares are available
for issuance from time to time at the discretion of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors when opportunities arise, without further
stockholder action or the related delays and expenses, except as may be required for a particular transaction by law, the rules of any
exchange on which our securities may then be listed, or other agreements or restrictions (including rights of first refusal, pursuant
to the terms of certain of our outstanding secured convertible notes). Any issuance of additional shares of our common stock would increase
the number of outstanding shares of our common stock and (unless such issuance was pro-rata among existing stockholders) the&nbsp;percentage
ownership of existing stockholders would be diluted accordingly. In addition, any such issuance of additional shares of our common stock
could have the effect of diluting the earnings per share and book value per share of outstanding shares of our common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Additionally, the effective
increase in the number of authorized shares could, under certain circumstances, have anti-takeover implications. For example, the additional
shares of common stock that have become available for issuance could be used by us to oppose a hostile takeover attempt or to delay or
prevent changes in control or our management. Although our reverse stock split is prompted by other considerations and not by the threat
of any hostile takeover attempt, stockholders should be aware that our reverse stock split could facilitate future efforts by us to deter
or prevent changes in control, including transactions in which our stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over
then-current market prices.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Risks Related to this Offering:</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #231F20"><B><I>This is a best-efforts
offering, no minimum amount of securities is required to be sold, and we may not raise the amount of capital we believe is required for
our business plans, including our near-term business plans.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #231F20">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; color: #231F20">The Placement
Agent has agreed to use its best efforts to solicit offers to purchase the securities in this offering. The Placement Agent has no obligation
to buy any of the securities from us or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of the securities.
There is no required minimum number of securities that must be sold as a condition to completion of this offering. Because there is no
minimum offering amount required as a condition to the closing of this offering, the actual offering amount, placement agent fees and
proceeds to us are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amounts set forth herein. We may sell fewer
than all of the securities offered hereby, which may significantly reduce the amount of proceeds received by us, and investors in this
offering will not receive a refund in the event that we do not sell an amount of securities sufficient to support our continued operations,
including our near-term continued operations. Thus, we may not raise the amount of capital we believe is required for our operations
in the short-term and may need to raise additional funds to complete such short-term operations. Such additional fundraises may not be
available or available on terms acceptable to us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; color: #231F20">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 19; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->14<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Management will have broad discretion as
to the use of proceeds from this offering and we may use the net proceeds in ways with which you may disagree.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We intend to use the net
proceeds of this offering for the further development of our Therapeutic DNA Production and MDx Testing Services, as well as general
corporate purposes, which may include research and development expenses, capital expenditures, working capital and general and administrative
expenses, and potential acquisitions of or investments in businesses, products and technologies that complement our business, although
we have no present commitments or agreements to make any such acquisitions or investments as of the date of this prospectus. Our management
will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could spend the proceeds in ways that do not
improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our common stock. Accordingly, you will be relying on the judgment of our management
on the use of net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds
are being used appropriately. Our failure to apply these funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business and cause
the price of our common stock to decline.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pending these uses, we intend
to invest the funds in short-term, investment grade, interest-bearing securities. It is possible that, pending their use, we may invest
the net proceeds in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for us.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>The public offering price will be set by
our Board of Directors and does not necessarily indicate the actual or market value of our common stock.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Board of Directors will
approve the public offering price and other terms of this offering after considering, among other things: the number of shares authorized
in our Certificate of Incorporation; the current market price of our common stock; trading prices of our common stock over time; the
volatility of our common stock; our current financial condition and the prospects for our future cash flows; the availability of and
likely cost of capital of other potential sources of capital; the characteristics of interested investors and market and economic conditions
at the time of the offering. The public offering price is not intended to bear any relationship to the book value of our assets or our
past operations, cash flows, losses, financial condition, net worth or any other established criteria used to value securities. The public
offering price may not be indicative of the fair value of the common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>If you purchase the common stock or pre-funded
warrants sold in this offering, you will experience immediate dilution as a result of this offering and future equity issuances.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Because the price per share
of our common stock and pre-funded warrants being offered is higher than the book value per share of our common stock, you will suffer
immediate substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of the common stock you purchase in this offering. See the section entitled
 &#8220;Dilution&#8221; of this prospectus for a more detailed discussion of the dilution you will incur if you purchase common stock
and pre-funded warrants in this offering. The issuance of additional shares of our common stock in future offerings could be dilutive
to stockholders if they do not invest in future offerings. Moreover, to the extent that we issue options or warrants to purchase, or
securities convertible into or exchangeable for, shares of our common stock in the future and those options, warrants or other securities
are exercised, converted or exchanged, stockholders may experience further dilution.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>There is no public market for the pre-funded
warrants or Series Warrants being offered in this offering.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">There is no established public
trading market for the pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants being offered in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop.
In addition, we do not intend to apply to list the pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized
trading system, including The Nasdaq Stock Market. Without an active market, the liquidity of the pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants
will be limited.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Holders of pre-funded warrants or Series
Warrants purchased in this offering will have no rights as common stockholders until such holders exercise their pre-funded warrants
or Series Warrants and acquire our common stock.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Until holders of pre-funded
warrants or Series Warrants acquire shares of our common stock upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants, as applicable,
holders of pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants will have no rights with respect to the shares of our common stock underlying such
pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants. Upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants, the holders will be entitled to
exercise the rights of a common stockholder only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Provisions of the Series Warrants and pre-funded
warrants offered by this prospectus could discourage an acquisition of us by a third party.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition to the discussion
of the provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation, certain provisions of the Series Warrants and pre-funded warrants offered by this
prospectus could make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire us. Such Series Warrants and pre-funded warrants prohibit
us from engaging in certain transactions constituting &#8220;fundamental transactions&#8221; unless, among other things, the surviving
entity assumes our obligations under the Series Warrants and pre-funded warrants. Further, the Series Warrants and pre-funded warrants
provide that, in the event of certain transactions constituting &#8220;fundamental transactions,&#8221; with some exception, holders
of such the Series Warrants and pre-funded warrants will have the right, at their option, to require us to repurchase such the Series
Warrants and pre-funded warrants at a price described in the Series Warrants and pre-funded warrants. These and other provisions of the
Series Warrants and pre-funded warrants offered by this prospectus could prevent or deter a third party from acquiring us even where
the acquisition could be beneficial to you.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 20; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->15<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>We may be required to repurchase certain
of our warrants.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Certain
of our warrants sold privately that have registration rights, in the event of a &#8220;Fundamental Transaction&#8221; (as defined in
the related warrant agreement, which generally includes any merger with another entity, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all
or substantially all of our assets to another entity, or the acquisition by a person of more than 50% of our common stock), each warrant
holder will have the right at any time prior to the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction to require us to repurchase the warrant
for a purchase price in cash equal to the Black Scholes value (as calculated under the warrant agreement) of the then remaining unexercised
portion of such warrant on the date of such Fundamental Transaction, which may materially adversely affect our financial condition and/or
results of operations and may prevent or deter a third party from acquiring us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #231F20"><B><I>The Series Warrants may not have any value.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #231F20">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; color: #231F20">Each Series
Warrant will have an exercise price of $[&#9679;] per share of common stock. The Series A Warrants will expire on the fifth anniversary
of the date they first become exercisable and the Series B Warrants will expire on the first anniversary of the date they first become
exercisable. In the event our common stock price does not exceed the exercise price of the Series Warrants during the period when the
Series Warrants are exercisable, the Series Warrants may not have any value.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; color: #231F20">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="S-6"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Use
of Proceeds</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We estimate that the net
proceeds from this offering will be approximately $[&#9679;], assuming a public offering price of $[&#9679;] per share of common stock
and accompanying Series Warrants and the sale of all the securities offered under this prospectus, after deducting the Placement Agent
fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us and assuming no exercise of the Series Warrants. However, this is a best efforts offering
with no minimum number of securities or amount of proceeds as a condition to closing, and we may not sell all or any of these securities
offered pursuant to this prospectus; as a result, we may receive significantly less in net proceeds. We will only receive additional
proceeds from the exercise of the Series A Warrants issuable in connection with this offering if such Series A Warrants are exercised
at their exercise price of $ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and the holders of such Series A Warrants pay
the exercise price in cash upon such exercise. We will only receive additional proceeds from the exercise of the Series B Warrants issuable
in connection with this offering if such Series B Warrants are exercised at their exercise price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
and the holders of such Series B Warrants pay the exercise price in cash upon such exercise. Such proceeds with respect to the Series
A Warrants and Series B Warrants could not exceed, in the aggregate, $[&#9679;].</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The foregoing discussion
assumes no sale of pre-funded warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We intend to use the net
proceeds from this offering for the further development of our Therapeutic DNA Production Services and MDx Testing Services, as well
as general corporate purposes, which may include research and development expenses, capital expenditures, working capital and general
and administrative expenses, and potential acquisitions of or investments in businesses, products and technologies that complement our
business, although we have no present commitments or agreements to make any such acquisitions or investments as of the date of this prospectus.
Pending these uses, we intend to invest the funds in short-term, investment grade, interest-bearing securities. It is possible that,
pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our expected use of net proceeds
from this offering represents our current intentions based upon our present plans and business condition. As of the date of this prospectus,
we cannot currently allocate specific percentages of the net proceeds that we may use for the purposes specified above, and we cannot
predict with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to be received upon the completion of this offering, or the amounts
that we will actually spend on the uses set forth above. The amounts and timing of our actual use of the net proceeds will vary depending
on numerous factors, including our ability to obtain additional financing. We may find it necessary or advisable to use the net proceeds
for other purposes, and our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and investors will be relying
on our judgment regarding the application of the net proceeds from this offering. See &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; for a discussion of
certain risks that may affect our intended use of the net proceeds from this offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="S-7"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Market
Price of our Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Market Information</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is listed
on The Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol &#8220;APDN.&#8221; A description of the common stock that we are issuing in this offering
is set forth under the heading &#8220;Description of Securities&#8221; beginning on page&nbsp;19&nbsp;of this prospectus. We do not intend
to apply for the listing of the pre-funded warrants or Series Warrants that are part of this offering on any national securities exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The last reported sale price
for our common stock on April 17, 2024 was $6.60 per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 21; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->16<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Holders</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">As of April 17, 2024, we
had 129 record holders of our common stock, and no preferred stock issued and outstanding. The number of record holders was determined
from the records of our transfer agent and does not include beneficial owners of common stock whose shares are held in the names of various
security brokers, dealers, and registered clearing agencies. The transfer agent of our common stock and publicly traded warrants is Equiniti
Trust Company, LLC, located at 90 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Dividend Policy</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have never declared or
paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends to stockholders in the foreseeable future.
In addition, any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will be dependent
upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, and such other factors as the Board of Directors deem relevant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="S-8"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Capitalization</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets
forth our capitalization as of December 31, 2023:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">on an actual basis; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">on a pro forma, as adjusted basis, after giving effect to the application
    of the net proceeds of this offering and after deducting the Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The information set forth
in the following table should be read in conjunction with and is qualified in its entirety by &#8220;Use of Proceeds&#8221; above, as
well as our &#8220;Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&#8221; and our financial
statements and the notes to those financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus. See &#8220;The Offering&#8221; in
this prospectus for information relating to the expected number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering.
Our capitalization following the closing of this offering will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms
of this offering determined at pricing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">As of December 31,
    2023</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Actual</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Pro
    Forma, As<BR> Adjusted for<BR> this Offering*</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 74%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Cash and cash equivalents</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">3,359,045</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;]</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Stockholders&rsquo; (Deficit) Equity:</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- shares issued and outstanding
    as of December 31, 2023</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Series&nbsp;A Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- shares outstanding
    as of December 31, 2023</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Series&nbsp;B Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- shares outstanding
    as of December 31, 2023</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 686,091 shares issued and outstanding
    as of December 31, 2023</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">687</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;]</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Additional paid-in capital</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">307,861,647</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;]</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Accumulated deficit</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(303,630,004</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;]</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total Stockholders&rsquo; Equity</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">4,232,330</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;]</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">*Assumes a $[&#9679;] capital
raise with net cash proceeds of $[&#9679;]; number of shares derived by dividing closing stock price on April [&#9679;], 2024 of $[&#9679;].
Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price per share would increase (decrease) the amount of cash and cash equivalents,
working capital, total assets, and total stockholders&#8217; equity by approximately $[&#9679;], assuming the number of securities offered
by us, as set forth on the cover page&nbsp;of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting the Placement Agent fee and estimated
offering expenses payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of securities to be issued in this offering. Each increase
(decrease) of 1.0 million shares offered by us would increase (decrease) the as adjusted amount of cash and cash equivalents, working
capital, total assets and total stockholders&#8217; equity by approximately $[&#9679;], assuming the assumed public offering price remains
the same, and after deducting the Placement Agent fee and estimated offering expenses payable by us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 22; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->17<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The discussion and table
above are based on on the 686,091 shares of our common stock outstanding as of December 31 2023, and excludes the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 98%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">109,451&nbsp;&nbsp;shares of common stock issuable upon
    exercise of options outstanding as of December 31, 2023, with a weighted average exercise price of $184.60 per share; </FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 98%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">260,661 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of
    warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2023, with a weighted average exercise price of $66.40 per share; </FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 98%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">67,174 shares of common stock reserved for future grant
    or issuance as of December 31, 2023, under our equity incentive plan; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 98%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">14,132 shares of common stock underlying restricted stock
    units as of December 31, 2023.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="S-9"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Dilution</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If you invest in our
common stock and/or pre-funded warrants in this offering, your ownership interest will be diluted immediately to the extent of the
difference between the assumed public offering price per share of our common stock and the as adjusted net tangible book value per
share of our common stock after this offering. Our net tangible book value as of December 31, 2023 was approximately $3.1 million,
or $4.40 per share of our common stock. Net tangible book value per share is equal to our total tangible assets less our total
liabilities, divided by the number of shares of our outstanding common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">After giving effect to the
sale of shares of our common stock and accompanying Series Warrants in this offering at the assumed public offering price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; per
share (the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on April [&#9679;], 2024 ), and after deducting the Placement
Agent fee and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and excluding the proceeds, if any, from the cash exercise of the Series Warrants
and pre-funded warrants, if any, issued in this offering, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2023 would have
been approximately $[&#9679;], or $[&#9679;] per share of common stock. This represents an immediate decrease in as adjusted net tangible
book value of $[&#9679;] per share to our existing stockholders, and an immediate dilution of $[&#9679;] per share to new investors purchasing
securities in this offering at the assumed public offering price. The final public offering price will be determined between us, the
Placement Agent and investors in the offering and may be at a discount to the current market price. Therefore, the assumed public offering
price used throughout this prospectus may not be indicative of the final public offering price.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table illustrates this dilution
on a per share basis:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 74%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Assumed public offering price per share and accompanying Series Warrants</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Historical net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2023</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">4.40</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Pro forma decrease in net tangible book value per share attributable to investors in
    this offering</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;]</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">As adjusted net tangible book value per share after giving effect to this offering</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;]</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Dilution per share to investors participating in this offering</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;]</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">A $1.00 increase in the assumed
public offering price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; per share, which is the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on April
[&#9679;], 2024, would result in an increase in our as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering by approximately $[&#9679;]
and the dilution per share to new investors purchasing shares in this offering by $[&#9679;] assuming the number of securities offered
by us as set forth on the cover page&nbsp;of this prospectus remains the same, and after deducting the Placement Agent fee and estimated
offering expenses payable by us. A $1.00 decrease in the assumed public offering price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; per share, which is the last reported
sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on April [&#9679;], 2024, would result in a decrease in our as adjusted net tangible
book value per share after this offering by approximately $[&#9679;] and the dilution per share to new investors purchasing shares in
this offering by $[&#9679;] assuming the number of securities offered by us as set forth on the cover page&nbsp;of this prospectus remains
the same, and after the Placement Agent fee and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number
of securities to be issued in this offering. Each increase (decrease) of 1.0 million shares offered by us would increase (decrease) our
as adjusted net tangible book value per share and the dilution per share to new investors purchasing securities in this offering by $[&#9679;]
assuming that the assumed public offering price remains the same, and after deducting the Placement Agent fee and estimated offering
expenses payable by us. The information discussed above is illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual public offering
price and other terms of this offering as determined between us and the Placement Agent at pricing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The foregoing discussion
and table do not take into account further dilution to investors in this offering that could occur upon the exercise of outstanding options
and warrants, including the pre-funded warrants and Series Warrants offered in this offering, having a per share exercise price less
than the public offering price per share in this offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 23; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->18<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The discussion and table above are based on on
the 686,091 shares of our common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2023, and excludes the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 98%; text-align: justify">109,451&nbsp;&nbsp;shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of options outstanding
    as of December 31, 2023, with a weighted average exercise price of $184.60 per share;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 98%; text-align: justify">260,661 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding as of December
    31, 2023, with a weighted average exercise price of $66.40 per share;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 98%; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">67,174 shares of common
                                            stock reserved for future grant or issuance as of December 31, 2023, under our equity incentive
                                            plan; and</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 98%">14,132
                                            shares of common stock underlying restricted stock units as of December 31, 2023.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The discussion and table
above assume no sale of pre-funded warrants, which, if sold, would reduce the number of shares of common stock that we are offering on
a one<B>-</B>for-one basis.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">To the extent that our outstanding
options or warrants are exercised, new options are issued under our equity incentive plan, or additional shares of our common stock are
issued in the future, there may be further dilution to investors participating in this offering. In addition, we may choose to raise
additional capital because of market conditions or strategic considerations, even if we believe that we have sufficient funds for our
current or future operating plans. If we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance
of these securities could result in further dilution to our stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="S-10"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Description
of Securities</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The following description
of our common stock, pre-funded warrants and accompanying Series Warrants summarizes the material terms and provisions of the securities
that we may issue in connection with this offering. It may not contain all the information that is important to you. For the complete
terms of our common stock, please refer to our Certificate of Incorporation and our by-laws (&#8220;By-Laws&#8221;), which are filed
as exhibits to the registration statement which includes this prospectus. See &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information&#8221; and &#8220;Incorporation
by Reference.&#8221; The Delaware General Corporation Law (&#8220;DGCL&#8221;) may also affect the terms of these securities. The summary
below is qualified in its entirety by reference to our Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws, each as in effect at the time of any
offering of securities under this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">As of&nbsp;April 17, 2024,
our authorized capital stock consists of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of which 863,068 shares were
issued and outstanding, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, of which no shares were issued and outstanding.
In addition, as of April 17, 2024, there were 109,271 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of options outstanding, 945,867 shares
of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding, and 267,355 shares of common stock reserved for future grant or issuance
The authorized and unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Common Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Each stockholder of our common
stock is entitled to one vote for each share issued and outstanding held on all matters to be voted upon by the stockholders. Our shares
of common stock have no preemptive, conversion, or redemption rights. The rights, preferences, and privileges of the holders of common
stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock. Upon the
sale of substantially all of our stock or assets or dissolution, liquidation or winding up, and after all liquidation preferences payable
to any series of preferred stock entitled thereto have been satisfied, our remaining assets shall be distributed to all holders of common
stock and any similarly situated stockholders who are not entitled to any liquidation preference or, if there be an insufficient amount
to pay all such stockholders, then ratably among such holders. All of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid
and non-assessable. The holders of shares of our common stock will be entitled to such cash dividends as may be declared from time to
time by our Board of Directors from funds available therefor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The shares of common stock
offered by this prospectus, when issued and paid for, will also be fully paid and non-assessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is listed
on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;APDN.&#8221; Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, located at 90 Park Avenue, New York, NY
10016, is the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 24; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->19<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Preferred Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Certificate of Incorporation
provides that our Board of Directors may, by resolution, designate classes of preferred stock in the future. The designated series of
preferred stock shall have such powers, designations, preferences and relative, participation or optional or other special rights and
qualifications, limitations or restrictions as shall be expressed in the resolution adopted by the Board of Directors. Once designated
by our Board of Directors, each series of preferred stock will have specific financial and other terms described in the documents that
govern the preferred stock, which include our Certificate of Incorporation and any certificates of designation that our Board of Directors
may adopt. Prior to the issuance of shares of each series of preferred stock, the Board of Directors is required by the DGCL and our
Certificate of Incorporation to adopt resolutions and file a certificate of designations with the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware. The certificate of designations fixes for each class or series the designations, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications,
limitations and restrictions, including, but not limited to, some or all of the following:</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the number of shares constituting that series and the distinctive designation
    of that series, which number may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares then outstanding) from time to time
    by action of the Board of Directors;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the dividend rate and the manner and frequency of payment of dividends
    on the shares of that series, whether dividends will be cumulative, and, if so, from which date;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether that series will have voting rights, in addition to any voting
    rights provided by law, and, if so, the terms of such voting rights;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether that series will have conversion privileges, and, if so, the
    terms and conditions of such conversion, including provision for adjustment of the conversion rate in such events as the Board of
    Directors may determine;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether or not the shares of that series will be redeemable, and, if
    so, the terms and conditions of such redemption;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether that series will have a sinking fund for the redemption or
    purchase of shares of that series, and, if so, the terms and amount of such sinking fund;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">whether or not the shares of the series will have priority over or
    be on a parity with or be junior to the shares of any other series or class in any respect;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the rights of the shares of that series in the event of voluntary or
    involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the corporation, and the relative rights or priority, if any, of payment of
    shares of that series; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">any other relative rights, preferences and limitations of that series.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Although our Board of Directors
has no intention at the present time of doing so, it could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that could, depending
on the terms of such series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Series Warrants</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>The following summary of certain terms and
provisions of the Series Warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by,
the provisions of the Series Warrants, the forms of which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus
forms a part. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of the forms of the Series Warrants for complete
descriptions of the terms and conditions of the Series Warrants.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We are selling to investors
in this offering of shares of our common stock and/or pre-funded warrants in this offering a Series A Warrant to purchase one share of
our common stock and a Series B Warrant to purchase one share of our common stock for each share and/or pre-funded warrant purchased
in this offering for an assumed combined purchase price of $[&#9679;]. The Series A Warrants and the Series B Warrants are referred to
herein together as the &#8220;Series Warrants&#8221;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Each Series A Warrant will
be exercisable beginning on the Initial Exercise Date, which is the date of closing, at an exercise price of $ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;per
share, subject to adjustment therein. The Series A Warrants will be exercisable for five years from the Initial Exercise Date, but not
thereafter. Each Series B Warrant will be exercisable beginning on the Initial Exercise Date, at an exercise price of $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
per share, subject to adjustment therein. The Series B Warrants will be exercisable for one year from the Initial Exercise Date, but
not thereafter. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Series Warrant. In lieu of fractional
shares, we will round up to the next whole share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to limited exceptions,
a holder of Series Warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of its Series Warrants if the holder, together with its affiliates,
would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding
immediately after giving effect to such exercise (the &#8220;Beneficial Ownership Limitation&#8221;); provided, however, that upon 61
days&#8217; prior notice to the Company, the holder may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, provided that in no
event shall the Beneficial Ownership Limitation exceed 9.99%.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Series Warrants contain
a &#8220;cashless exercise&#8221; feature that allows holders to exercise the Series Warrants without a cash payment to the Company upon
the terms set forth in the Series Warrants, if, at the time of exercise there is no effective registration statement registering, or
the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of the shares to the exercising Series Warrant holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 25; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->20<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In the case of certain fundamental
transactions affecting the Company, a holder of Series Warrants, upon exercise of such Series Warrants after such fundamental transaction,
will have the right to receive, in lieu of shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, the same amount and kind of securities, cash or
property that such holder would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of the fundamental transaction, had the Series Warrants
been exercised immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. In lieu of such consideration, a holder of Series Warrants may instead
elect to receive a cash payment based upon the Black-Scholes value of their Series Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The exercise price and number
of the shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Series Warrants will be subject to adjustment in the event of any
stock dividends and splits, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction, as described in the Series Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We do not intend to list
the Series Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. Except as otherwise provided in the Series Warrants
or by virtue of such holder&#8217;s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holders of the Series Warrants do not have the rights
or privileges of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their Series Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Pre-Funded Warrants</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>The following summary
of certain terms and provisions of pre-funded warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified
in its entirety by, the provisions of the pre-funded warrant, the form of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement
of which this prospectus forms a part. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of the form of pre-funded
warrant for a complete description of the terms and conditions of the pre-funded warrants.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Each pre-funded warrant offered
hereby will have an initial exercise price per share equal to $0.0001. The pre-funded warrants will be immediately exercisable and may
be exercised at any time until the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock
issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar
events affecting our common stock and the exercise price. The pre-funded warrants will be issued separately from the accompanying Series
Warrants and may be transferred separately immediately thereafter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The pre-funded warrants will
be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by
payment in full for the number of shares of our common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise
as discussed below). A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the pre-funded warrant to the extent that
the holder would own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of the outstanding common stock immediately after exercise,
except that upon at least 61 days&#8217; prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may increase the amount of ownership of outstanding
stock after exercising the holder&#8217;s pre-funded warrants up to 9.99 % of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately
after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the pre-funded warrants.
Purchasers of pre-funded warrants in this offering may also elect prior to the issuance of the pre-funded warrants to have the initial
exercise limitation set at 9.99% of our outstanding common stock. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with
the exercise of a pre-funded warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will round up to the next whole share.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">At any time, in lieu of making
the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may
elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of common stock determined according
to a formula set forth in the pre-funded warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to applicable laws, a pre-funded warrant
may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the pre-funded warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments
of transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We do not intend to list
the pre-funded warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. Except as otherwise provided in the pre-funded
warrants or by virtue of such holder&#8217;s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holders of the pre-funded warrants do not have
the rights or privileges of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their pre-funded warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 26; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->21<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Possible Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law and our Certificate
of Incorporation and By-Laws</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Certificate of Incorporation
contains provisions that could make it more difficult to acquire control of our company by means of a tender offer, open market purchases,
a proxy contest or otherwise. A description of these provisions is set forth below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Companies incorporated in
Delaware are subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;203 of the DGCL, or Section&nbsp;203, unless the corporation has &#8220;opted
out&#8221; of these provisions with an express provision in its original certificate of incorporation or an express provision in its
certificate of incorporation or by-laws resulting from a stockholders&#8217; amendment approved by at least a majority of the outstanding
voting shares. We have opted out of Section&nbsp;203 with an express provision in our Certificate of Incorporation. Therefore, the anti-takeover
effects of Section&nbsp;203 do not apply to us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In general, Section&nbsp;203
prohibits a publicly-held Delaware corporation from engaging in a &#8220;business combination&#8221; with an &#8220;interested stockholder&#8221;
for a three-year period following the time that this stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is
approved in a prescribed manner. A &#8220;business combination&#8221; includes, among other things, a merger, asset or stock sale or
other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An &#8220;interested stockholder&#8221; is a person
who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or did own within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder
status, 15% or more of the corporation&#8217;s voting stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Under Section&nbsp;203, a
business combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder is prohibited unless it satisfies one of the following conditions:
before the stockholder became interested, the Board of Directors approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted
in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming
an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time
the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding, shares owned by persons who are directors
and also officers, and employee stock plans, in some instances; or at or after the time the stockholder became interested, the business
combination was approved by the Board of Directors of the corporation and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders
by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Election and Removal of Directors</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Directors will be elected
by a plurality of the voting power of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the stockholders meeting and entitled to
vote on the election of directors. Our Certificate of Incorporation does not provide for a classified Board of Directors or for cumulative
voting in the election of directors. Under Article&nbsp;VIII of the Certificate of Incorporation and Section&nbsp;3.13 of the By-Laws,
directors may be removed by the stockholders of the Company only for cause, and in such case only by the affirmative vote of the holders
of at least a majority of the voting power of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company then entitled to vote
in the election of directors. On December&nbsp;21, 2015, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware invalidated as a matter of law
certain provisions of the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of VAALCO Energy,&nbsp;Inc. (&#8220;VAALCO&#8221;), a Delaware corporation,
that permitted the removal of VAALCO&#8217;s directors by its stockholders only for cause. In&nbsp;<I>In re VAALCO Energy,&nbsp;Inc.
Stockholder Litigation,&nbsp;</I>Consol. C.A. No.&nbsp;11775-VCL (Del. Ch. Dec.&nbsp;21, 2015), the Court ruled from the bench to hold
that, in the absence of a classified Board of Directors or cumulative voting, VAALCO&#8217;s &#8220;only for-cause&#8221; director removal
provisions conflict with Section&nbsp;141(k)&nbsp;of the DGCL and are therefore invalid. Because the Company&#8217;s Certificate of Incorporation
and By-Laws contain similar &#8220;only for-cause&#8221; director removal provisions and the Company does not have a classified Board
of Directors or cumulative voting, the Company will not attempt to enforce the foregoing &#8220;only for-cause&#8221; director removal
provision in light of the recent&nbsp;<I>VAALCO</I>&nbsp;decision.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Size of Board and Vacancies</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The authorized number of
directors may be determined by the Board of Directors, provided the board shall consist of at least one (1)&nbsp;member. No decrease
in the number of directors constituting the board shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Vacancies occurring on our
Board of Directors for any reason and newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors may
be filled only by a vote of a majority of the remaining members of the Board of Directors, although less than a quorum, or by a sole
remaining director, at any meeting of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Amendment</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Certificate of Incorporation
may be amended in the manner prescribed by the DGCL. The Board of Directors is authorized to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the By-Laws
by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the Board of Directors then in office. No amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation
or the By-Laws may adversely affect any indemnification right or protection of any director, officer, employee or other agent existing
at the time of such amendment, repeal or adoption of an inconsistent provision for or in respect of any act, omission or other matter
occurring, or any action or proceeding accruing or arising prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption of an inconsistent provision.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 27; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->22<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Authorized but Unissued Shares of Common Stock
and of Preferred Stock</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe that the availability
of the &#8220;Blank Check&#8221; preferred stock under our Certificate of Incorporation provides us with flexibility in addressing corporate
issues that may arise. The Board of Directors has the power, subject to applicable law, to issue series of preferred stock that could,
depending on the terms of the series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt that some, or a majority,
of the stockholders might believe to be in their best interests or in which stockholders might receive a premium for their stock over
the then prevailing market price of the stock. Our Board of Directors may issue preferred stock with voting rights or conversion rights
that, if exercised, could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The authorized shares of
preferred stock, as well as shares of common stock, will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless
action is required by applicable law or the rules&nbsp;of any stock exchange on which our securities may be listed. Having these authorized
shares available for issuance allows us to issue shares without the expense and delay of a special stockholders&#8217; meeting. We may
use additional shares for a variety of purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, to fund acquisitions
and as employee compensation. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock could render more difficult
or discourage an attempt to obtain control of our company by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise. The above provisions
may deter a hostile takeover or delay a change in control or management of our company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Advance Notice Procedure</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our By-Laws provide an advance
notice procedure for stockholders to nominate director candidates for election or to bring business before an annual meeting of stockholders.
Only persons nominated by, or at the direction of, our Board of Directors or by a stockholder of record who has given proper and timely
notice to our secretary prior to the meeting at which such stockholder is entitled to vote and appears, will be eligible for election
as a director. In addition, any proposed business other than the nomination of persons for election to our Board of Directors must constitute
a proper matter for stockholder action pursuant to a proper notice of meeting delivered to us. For notice to be timely, it must generally
be delivered to our secretary not less than 90 nor more than 120 calendar days prior to the first anniversary of the previous year&#8217;s
annual meeting (or if the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 calendar days before or more than 60 calendar days after the anniversary
date of the previous year&#8217;s annual meeting, not earlier than the 120th calendar day prior to such meeting and not later than either
the 90th calendar day prior to such meeting or the 10th calendar day after public disclosure of the date of such meeting is first made
by us). These advance notice provisions may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper
procedures are not followed or may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own
slate of directors or otherwise attempt to obtain control of us.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Special Meetings of Stockholders</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Our By-Laws provide that special meetings of
stockholders may be called only by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution
adopted by a majority of the board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="S-11"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to a placement agency
agreement, dated as of [&#9679;], 2024, we have engaged Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC, or the Placement Agent, to act as our exclusive
placement agent to solicit offers to purchase the shares of our common stock (or pre-funded warrants) and accompanying Series Warrants
offered by this prospectus on a best efforts basis. The placement agency agreement does not give rise to any commitment by the Placement
Agent to purchase any of our securities, and the Placement Agent will have no authority to bind us by virtue of the placement agency agreement.
The Placement Agent is not purchasing or selling any such securities, nor is it required to arrange for the purchase and sale of any
specific number or dollar amount of such securities, other than to use its &#8220; best efforts&#8221; to arrange for the sale of such
securities by us. Therefore, we may not sell all, or any, of the shares of common stock, or pre-funded warrants, and accompanying Series
Warrants being offered. The terms of this offering were subject to market conditions and negotiations between us, the Placement Agent
and prospective investors. This is a best efforts offering and there is no minimum number of securities or minimum aggregate amount of
proceeds that is a condition to the closing of this offering. The Placement Agent may retain sub-agents and selected dealers in connection
with this offering. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">This offering will terminate on [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;],
2024, unless we decide to terminate the offering (which we may do at any time in our discretion) prior to that date. We will have one
closing for all the securities purchased in this offering. The combined public offering price per share of common stock, or pre-funded
warrant, and accompanying Series Warrants will be fixed for the duration of this offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Delivery of the securities
offered hereby is expected to occur on or about [__________], 2024, subject to satisfaction of certain customary closing conditions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have agreed to pay the
Placement Agent an aggregate fee equal to 7.0% of the gross proceeds received in the offering <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">and
will issue to the Placement Agent, or its designees, Placement Agent Warrants to purchase up to [__] shares of common stock (which equals
5.0% of the shares, </FONT>including shares of common stock underlying the pre-funded warrants <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">being
offered) on substantially the same terms as the </FONT>Series <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Warrants, except that the Placement
Agent Warrants will have an expiration date of five years from the commencement of sales in this offering</FONT>. The Placement Agent
Warrants and the underlying shares of common stock are being registered on this prospectus. In addition, we have agreed to reimburse
the Placement Agent for its legal fees, costs and expenses in connection with this offering in an amount up to $110,000. If warrants
with a term of less than 12 months are issued in the offering, and such warrants are the subject of a cash exercise that have a strike
price less than the Company&#8217;s common stock price on the date of exercise, we have agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash fee
equal to 5.0% of the gross proceeds received for such exercises.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 28; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->23<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have agreed, subject to
certain conditions, limitations and exceptions, to provide the Placement Agent with a right of first refusal to act as lead placement
with respect to any private placement or registered direct offering that may be undertaken by us on or before [__________], 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We estimate the total expenses
of this offering paid or payable by us, exclusive of the Placement Agent&#8217;s cash fees and expenses, will be approximately $[__________]&nbsp;million.
After deducting the fees due to the Placement Agent and our estimated expenses in connection with this offering, we expect the net proceeds
from this offering will be approximately $[__________]&nbsp;million based on an assumed public offering price of $[__________], which
was the last reported sales price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on April [_], 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table shows
the per share and total cash fees we will pay to the Placement Agent in connection with the sale of the securities pursuant to this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Per<BR>
    Share and <BR> Series Warrants</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Per
    Pre-Funded<BR> Warrant and <BR> Series Warrants</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Total</TD><TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 61%; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Public offering price</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Placement Agent fees</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Proceeds, before expenses, to us</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Indemnification</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have agreed to indemnify
the Placement Agent against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act and liabilities arising from breaches
of representations, warranties and covenants contained in our placement agency agreement with the Placement Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Determination of Public Offering Price and Warrant Exercise Price</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is currently
traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;APDN.&#8221; On April 17, 2024, the closing price of our common stock was
$6.60 per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The actual combined public
offering price of the shares of our common stock and Series Warrants, and pre-funded warrants and Series Warrants, we are offering, and
the exercise price of the Series Warrants that we are offering, will be negotiated between us, the Placement Agent and the investors
in this offering. We believe that the market price of our common stock at the date of this prospectus is not the appropriate public offering
price for the shares of our common stock because the market price is affected by a number of factors. The principal factors considered
by us and the Placement Agent in determining the final combined public offering price of the shares of common stock and Series Warrants,
and pre-funded warrants and Series Warrants, we are offering, as well as the exercise price of the Series Warrants that we are offering,
included:</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            recent trading history of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market, including market
                                            prices and trading volume of our common stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            current market price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            recent market prices of, and demand for, publicly traded common stock of generally comparable
                                            companies;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            information set forth or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and otherwise available
                                            to the Placement Agent;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">our
                                            past and present financial performance and an assessment of our management;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">our
                                            prospects for future earnings and the present state of our products;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            current status of competitive products and product developments by our competitors;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">our
                                            history and prospects, and the history and prospects of the industry in which we compete;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            general condition of the securities markets at the time of this offering; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">other
                                            factors deemed relevant by the Placement Agent and us, including a to be negotiated discount
                                            to the trading price.</TD></TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 29; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->24<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Tail Fees</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We
have also agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash fee equal to 7.0% of the total gross proceeds received by us from any investor who
was contacted by the Placement Agent, if such investor provides us with capital in any offering or other financing or capital raising
transaction during the term of the engagement with the Placement Agent or within six&nbsp;months following the expiration or termination
of the engagement with the Placement Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Lock-up Agreements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We and each of our officers
and directors have agreed to be subject to a lock-up period of 90 days following the date of closing of the offering pursuant to this
prospectus. This means that, during the applicable lock-up period, we and such persons may not offer for sale, contract to sell, sell,
distribute, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any
of our shares of common stock or any securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, shares of common stock, subject
to customary exceptions. We have also agreed, subject to certain exceptions, to a restriction on the issuance of any variable priced
securities for 180 days after the closing of this offering, although we will be permitted to issue stock options or stock awards to directors,
officers and employees under our existing plans. The Placement Agent may waive the terms of these lock-up agreements in its sole discretion
and without notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Other Relationships</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">From time to time, the Placement
Agent may provide in the future various advisory, investment and commercial banking and other services to us in the ordinary course of
business, for which they have received and may continue to receive customary fees and commissions. However, except as disclosed in this
prospectus, we have no present arrangements with the Placement Agent for any further services.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Regulation M Compliance</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Placement Agent may be
deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Section&nbsp;2(a)(11) of the Securities Act, and any commissions received by it and
any profit realized on the sale of our securities offered hereby by it while acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting discounts
or commissions under the Securities Act. The Placement Agent will be required to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act and
the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, Rule&nbsp;10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules and regulations
may limit the timing of purchases and sales of our securities by the Placement Agent. Under these rules and regulations, the Placement
Agent may not (i)&nbsp;engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities; and (ii)&nbsp;bid for or purchase any
of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities, other than as permitted under the Exchange Act,
until they have completed their participation in the distribution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Electronic Distribution</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus in electronic
format may be made available on websites or through other online services maintained by the Placement Agent, or by its affiliates. Other
than this prospectus in electronic format, the information on the Placement Agent&#8217;s website and any information contained in any
other website maintained by the Placement Agent is not part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus
forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the Placement Agent in its capacity as a placement agent, and should not
be relied upon by investors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="S-12"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Experts</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Marcum LLP, independent registered
public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the years
ended September&nbsp;30, 2023 and 2022, as set forth in their report, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere
in this registration statement. Marcum LLP&#8217;s report includes an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue as a
going concern. Our consolidated financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance on Marcum LLP&#8217;s report, given on
their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="S-13"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Legal
Matters</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Certain legal matters relating
to the issuance of the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP, New York,
New York. Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the Placement Agent by Ellenoff Grossman&nbsp;&amp;
Schole LLP, New York, New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 30; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->25<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="S-14"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Where
you can find more information</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have filed with the SEC
a registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the securities offered by this prospectus. This prospectus,
which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement,
as permitted by the rules&nbsp;and regulations of the SEC. For further information with respect to us and our securities, we refer you
to the registration statement, including the exhibits filed as a part of the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus
concerning the contents of any contract or any other document are not necessarily complete. If a contract or document has been filed
as an exhibit to the registration statement, please see the copy of the contract or document that has been filed. Each statement in this
prospectus relating to a contract or document filed as an exhibit is qualified in all respects by the filed exhibit. The SEC also maintains
an Internet website that contains the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, as well as the exhibits thereto.
These documents, along with future reports, proxy statements and other information about us, are available at the SEC&#8217;s website,
www.sec.gov.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are subject to the information
and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and, in accordance with this law, file periodic reports and other information with the
SEC. These periodic reports and other information are available at the SEC&#8217;s website, www.sec.gov. We also maintain a website at
http://www.adnas.com. You may access these materials free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed
with, or furnished to, the SEC. Information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus, and the inclusion of our website
address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="S-15"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>MATERIAL
CHANGES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">None.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="S-16"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>INCORPORATION
OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
SEC allows us to &#8220;incorporate by reference&#8221; into this prospectus the information in documents we file with it, which means
that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered
to be a part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information.
Any statement contained in any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified
or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in or omitted from this prospectus or any accompanying
prospectus supplement, or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein,
modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded,
to constitute a part of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">We
incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future documents that we file with the SEC (excluding any portion of such
documents that are furnished and not filed with the SEC) under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act (1)&nbsp;on
and after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part prior to the effectiveness
of the registration statement, (2)&nbsp;prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part,
and (3)&nbsp;after the date of effectiveness of this prospectus until the offering of the underlying securities is terminated; provided,
however, we are not incorporating by reference any information furnished (but not filed) under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of any Current
Report on&nbsp;Form&nbsp;8-K:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Our Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K&nbsp;for the
    fiscal year September&nbsp;30, 2023 filed with the SEC on&nbsp;<A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057823002615/apdn-20230930x10k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">December&nbsp;7,
    2023</A>, as amended on&nbsp;<A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924007279/tm244099d1_10ka.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">January&nbsp;26,
    2024</A>.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Our Quarterly Report on Form&nbsp;10-Q for the
    three month period ended December&nbsp;31, 2023 filed with the SEC on&nbsp;<A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057824000021/apdn-20231231x10q.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">February&nbsp;8,
    2024</A>.</FONT></TD></TR>

<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Our Current Reports on Form&nbsp;8-K&nbsp;filed
    with the SEC on&nbsp;<A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923115320/tm2329968d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">November&nbsp;7,
    2023</A>,&nbsp;<A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923123962/tm2332138d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">December&nbsp;6,
    2023</A>,&nbsp;<A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">January&nbsp;5,
    2024</A>,&nbsp;<A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008438/tm244443d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">January&nbsp;31,
    2024</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">February&nbsp;1,
    2024</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924047787/tm2411831d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">April
    16, 2024</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924049449/tm2412291d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">April
    19, 2024</A> and <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924050056/tm2412346d1_8k.htm">April 22,
    2024</A> (excluding Item 7.01), as amended on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924050524/tm2412515d1_8ka.htm">April
    23, 2024</A> (excluding Item 7.01).</FONT></TD></TR>

<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A,
    filed with the SEC on&nbsp;<A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924034530/tm247721-2_def14a.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">March
    14, 2024</A>.</FONT></TD></TR>

<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The description of our capital stock contained
    in our registration statement on&nbsp;<A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104914006275/t1402186_8a12b.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form&nbsp;8-A
    (File No.&nbsp;001-36745) filed with the Commission on November&nbsp;13, 2014</A>, pursuant to Section&nbsp;12(b)&nbsp;of the Exchange
    Act, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Upon
written or oral request, we will provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a copy of the prospectus
is delivered a copy of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus (other than exhibits to such documents unless such
exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in this prospectus). You may request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing
or telephoning us at the following address: Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790, c/o
Investor Relations, telephone: 631-240-8800.&nbsp;You&nbsp;may also access these documents on our website at&nbsp;<I>www.adnas.com</I>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Information on our website,
including subsections, pages, or other subdivisions of our website, or any website linked to by content on our website, is not part of
this prospectus and you should not rely on that information unless that information is also in this prospectus or incorporated by reference
in this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 31; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->26<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Up to&nbsp;[&#9679;]&nbsp;Shares
of Common Stock and Accompanying Series A Warrants to Purchase up to [&#9679;] Shares of Common Stock and Series B Warrants to Purchase
up to [&#9679;] Shares of Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Pre-Funded Warrants
to Purchase Up to&nbsp;[&#9679;]&nbsp;Shares of Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>and Accompanying
Series A Warrants to Purchase up to [&#9679;] Shares of Common Stock and Series B Warrants to Purchase up to [&#9679;]&nbsp;Shares of
Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Placement Agent
Warrants to Purchase Up to [&#9679;] Shares of Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Up to [&#9679;]
Shares of Common Stock Underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants, Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="tm2412319d1_s1img02.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Craig-Hallum</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">, 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 32; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->27<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>PART&nbsp;II</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>INFORMATION
NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Item 13.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets
forth the fees and expenses, other than placement agent fees and expenses, payable in connection with the registration of the securities
hereunder. All amounts are estimates except the SEC registration fee and the FINRA filing fee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Item</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Amount <BR>
    to be&nbsp;paid</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 87%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SEC registration fee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4,501</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">FINRA filing fee</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Printing expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Legal fees and expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Accounting fees and expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Transfer Agent fees and expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Total</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">*To be completed by amendment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Item 14.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Indemnification of Directors and Officers</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section&nbsp;145 of the Delaware
General Corporation Law provides that a corporation may indemnify directors and officers as well as other employees and individuals against
expenses (including attorney&#8217;s fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection
with any threatened, pending or completed actions, suits or proceedings in which such person is made a party by reason of such person
being or having been a director, officer, employee or agent to the corporation. The Delaware General Corporation Law provides that Section&nbsp;145
is not exclusive of other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders
or disinterested directors or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section&nbsp;102(b)(7)&nbsp;of
the Delaware General Corporation Law provides that a corporation may adopt a provision in its certificate of incorporation eliminating
or limiting the personal liability of a director of the corporation to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breaches
of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability for any: (i)&nbsp;breach of the director&#8217;s duty of loyalty to the corporation
or its stockholders; (ii)&nbsp;acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of
law; (iii)&nbsp;unlawful payment of dividends or unlawful stock purchases or redemptions; or (iv)&nbsp;transaction from which the director
derives an improper personal benefit.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Certificate of Incorporation
provides to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law that our directors or officers shall not be personally liable to us or our stockholders
for damages for breach of such director&#8217;s or officer&#8217;s fiduciary duty. The effect of this provision of our Certificate of
Incorporation is to eliminate our rights and the rights of our stockholders (through stockholders&#8217; derivative suits on behalf of
our Company) to recover damages against a director or officer for breach of the fiduciary duty of care as a director or officer (including
breaches resulting from negligent or grossly negligent behavior), except under certain situations defined by statute. We believe that
the indemnification provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors
and officers.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Certificate of Incorporation
also provides that we shall have the power to indemnify, to the extent permitted by the DGCL, as it presently exists or may hereafter
be amended from time to time, any employee or agent of ours who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding
by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of ours or is or was serving at our request as
a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service
with respect to employee benefit plans, against expenses (including attorneys&#8217; fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement
actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any such proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section&nbsp;9.3 of our By-Laws
provides for the indemnification of our directors, officers and employees to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have entered into an indemnification
agreement (each, an &#8220;Indemnification Agreement&#8221;) with each of our directors and executive officers. In general, the Indemnification
Agreement obligates us to indemnify a director or executive officer, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, for certain expenses,
including attorneys&#8217; fees, judgments, penalties, fines and settlement amounts actually and reasonably incurred by them in any action
or proceeding arising out of their services as one of our directors or executive officers, or any of our subsidiaries or any other company
or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request. In addition, the Indemnification Agreement provides for the advancement
of expenses incurred by the indemnitee in connection with any covered proceeding to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. The
rights provided by the Indemnification Agreement are in addition to any other rights to indemnification or advancement of expenses to
which the indemnitee may be entitled under applicable law, our Certificate of Incorporation or By-Laws, or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 33; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->28<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Insofar as indemnification
for liabilities arising under the Securities Act, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of ours pursuant to
the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy
as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities
(other than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of ours in the successful defense
of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being
registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act
and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We maintain a director and
officer insurance policy that covers certain liabilities of our directors and officers arising out of claims based on acts or omissions
in their capacities as directors or officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Item 15.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">On
January&nbsp;31, 2024, the Company entered into the Placement Agreement with&nbsp;Maxim Group pursuant to which Maxim Group agreed to
serve as the sole placement agent, on a &#8220;reasonable best efforts&#8221; basis, in connection with&nbsp;the Offering of 161,403
shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock and pre-funded&nbsp;warrants to purchase up to 120,801 shares of common stock, and in a concurrent
private placement, unregistered common warrants to purchase up to 564,407 shares of common stock. Also on January&nbsp;31, 2024, in connection
with the Offering, the Company entered into Purchase Agreements with the Purchasers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
Offering closed on February&nbsp;2, 2024. The Company received gross proceeds from the Offering, before deducting placement agent fees
and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, of approximately $3.4&nbsp;million.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Pursuant
to the Placement Agreement, the Company paid&nbsp;Maxim Group a cash placement fee equal to 6.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised
in the Offering from sales arranged for by Maxim Group. Subject to certain conditions, the Company has also agreed to reimburse certain
expenses of Maxim Group in connection with the Offering, including but not limited to legal fees, up to a maximum of $50,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Securities Act Exemptions</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
common warrants and the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the common warrants are not registered under the Securities
Act. The common warrants and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise thereof were issued in reliance on the exemptions from
registration provided by Section&nbsp;4(a)(2)&nbsp;under the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder, for transactions
not involving a public offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 109px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Item&nbsp;16.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Exhibit&nbsp;and Financial Statement Schedules</I></B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>(a)&nbsp;Exhibits.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The exhibit index attached hereto is incorporated
herein by reference.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>(b)&nbsp;Financial Statement Schedules.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Schedules have been omitted because the information
required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 109px"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Item&nbsp;17.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Undertakings</I></B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(1)&nbsp;To file, during any period in which
offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(i)&nbsp;To include any prospectus required by
Section&nbsp;10(a)(3)&nbsp;of the Securities Act of 1933;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ii)&nbsp;To reflect in the prospectus any facts
or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which,
individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed
that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the
form of prospectus filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;if, in the aggregate, the
changes in volume and price represent no&nbsp;more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &#8220;Calculation
of Registration Fee&#8221; table in the effective registration statement; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 34; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->29<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(iii)&nbsp;To include any material information
with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information
in the registration statement; provided, however, that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii)&nbsp;and (1)(iii)&nbsp;above do not apply if the information
required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Securities
and Exchange Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or Section&nbsp;15(d)&nbsp;of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(2)&nbsp;That, for the purpose of determining
any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide
offering thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(3)&nbsp;To remove from registration by means
of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(4)&nbsp;That, for the purpose of determining
liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;as part of a registration
statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule&nbsp;430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance
on Rule&nbsp;430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness.
Provided, however, that no&nbsp;statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or
made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the
registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement
that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately
prior to such date of first use.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(5)&nbsp;That for the purpose of determining
liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities, the undersigned
registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement,
regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser
by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered
to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(i)&nbsp;Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus
of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ii)&nbsp;Any free writing prospectus relating
to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(iii)&nbsp;The portion of any other free writing
prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or
on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(iv)&nbsp;Any other communication that is an
offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(6)&nbsp;Insofar as indemnification for liabilities
arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to
any charter provision, by law or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission
such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event
that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director,
officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director,
officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel
the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification
by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(7)&nbsp;The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes
that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(i)&nbsp;For purposes of determining any liability
under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in
reliance upon Rule&nbsp;430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)(1)&nbsp;or (4)&nbsp;or
497(h)&nbsp;under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ii)&nbsp;For the purpose of determining any
liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a
new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed
to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 35; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->30<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;INDEX</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Incorporated by Reference</B></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Filed or</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><BR> <B>Furnished</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 6%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Number</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 58%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Description</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 6%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Form</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 6%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 6%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>File No.</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 6%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Date Filed</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 6%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Herewith</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923080805/tm2321212d1_ex2-1.htm">2.1*&dagger;</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923080805/tm2321212d1_ex2-1.htm">Share Purchase Agreement, dated July&nbsp;12, 2023, by and among Spindle Acquisition Corp., Spindle Biotech Inc., the persons listed on Schedule 1.1 therein, Lai Him Chung and Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923080805/tm2321212d1_ex2-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923080805/tm2321212d1_ex2-1.htm">2.1</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923080805/tm2321212d1_ex2-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923080805/tm2321212d1_ex2-1.htm">7/13/2023</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex4-1.htm">3.1</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex4-1.htm">Conformed version of Certificate of Incorporation of Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., as most recently amended by the Fifth Certificate of Amendment, effective Thursday, September&nbsp;17, 2020</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex4-1.htm">S-8</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex4-1.htm">4.1</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex4-1.htm">333-249365</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex4-1.htm">10/07/2020</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811209000105/ex3-2.htm">3.2</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811209000105/ex3-2.htm">By-Laws</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811209000105/ex3-2.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811209000105/ex3-2.htm">3.2</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811209000105/ex3-2.htm">002-90539</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811209000105/ex3-2.htm">1/16/2009</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm">4.1</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm">Description of Securities</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm">10-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm">4.1</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex4-1.htm">12/9/2021</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm">4.2</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm">Form&nbsp;of Purchase Warrant</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm">4.1</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex4-1.htm">12/20/2017</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm">4.3</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm">Common Stock Purchase Warrant</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm">4.1</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065827/tv509599_ex4-1.htm">12/21/2018</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm">4.4</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm">Form&nbsp;of common warrant certificate (included in the Warrant Agreement, dated November&nbsp;15, 2019)</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm">4.2</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm">11/18/2019</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm">4.5</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm">Form&nbsp;of Indenture</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm">S-3</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm">4.1</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm">333-238557</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920064735/tm2020582d1_ex4-1.htm">05/21/2020</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm">4.6</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm">Form&nbsp;of Common Stock Purchase Warrant</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm">10.3</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-3.htm">10/14/2020</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm">4.7</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm">Form&nbsp;of Pre-Funded Common Stock Purchase Warrant</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm">4.1</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-1.htm">2/23/2022</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm">4.8</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm">Form&nbsp;of Common Stock Purchase Warrant</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm">4.2</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922025855/tm227324d1_ex4-2.htm">2/23/2022</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-1.htm">4.9</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-1.htm">Form&nbsp;of Series&nbsp;A Warrant</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-1.htm">4.1</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-1.htm">8/9/2022</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-2.htm">4.10</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-2.htm">Form&nbsp;of Series&nbsp;B Warrant</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-2.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-2.htm">4.2</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-2.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-2.htm">8/9/2022</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-3.htm">4.11</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-3.htm">Form&nbsp;of Prefunded Warrant</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-3.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-3.htm">4.3</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-3.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465922087502/tm2222857d1_ex4-3.htm">8/9/2022</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex4-1.htm">4.12</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex4-1.htm">Form&nbsp;of Pre-Funded Warrant.</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex4-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex4-1.htm">4.1</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex4-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex4-1.htm">02/01/2024</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex4-2.htm">4.13</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex4-2.htm">Form&nbsp;of Private Common Warrant.</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex4-2.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex4-1.htm">4.</A></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2</FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex4-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex4-1.htm">02/01/2024</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">4.14**</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">Form of Pre-Funded Warrant</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">4.15**</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">Form of Series A Warrant</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">4.16**</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">Form of Series B Warrant</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.1</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">**</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Opinion of McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212001641/ex4-1.htm">10.1&dagger;</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212001641/ex4-1.htm">Form&nbsp;of employee stock option agreement under the Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. 2005 Incentive Stock Plan</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212001641/ex4-1.htm">10-Q</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212001641/ex4-1.htm">4.1</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212001641/ex4-1.htm">002-90539</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212001641/ex4-1.htm">05/15/2012</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419018218/tv517608-def14a.htm">10.2&dagger;</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419018218/tv517608-def14a.htm">Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. 2005 Incentive Stock Plan, as amended and restated</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419018218/tv517608-def14a.htm">DEF 14A</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419018218/tv517608-def14a.htm">Appendix A</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419018218/tv517608-def14a.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419018218/tv517608-def14a.htm">04/04/2019</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915009962/t83787_ex10-1.htm">10.3&dagger;</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915009962/t83787_ex10-1.htm">Form&nbsp;of employee stock option agreement under the Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. 2005 Incentive Stock Plan, as amended</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915009962/t83787_ex10-1.htm">10-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915009962/t83787_ex10-1.htm">10.1</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915009962/t83787_ex10-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915009962/t83787_ex10-1.htm">12/14/2015</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920089239/tm2024845-2_def14a.htm">10.4&dagger;</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920089239/tm2024845-2_def14a.htm">Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920089239/tm2024845-2_def14a.htm">DEF 14A</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920089239/tm2024845-2_def14a.htm">Appendix A</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920089239/tm2024845-2_def14a.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920089239/tm2024845-2_def14a.htm">08/03/2020</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex10-3.htm">10.5&dagger;</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex10-3.htm">Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan Stock Option Grant Notice and Award Agreement</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex10-3.htm">S-8</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex10-3.htm">10.3</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex10-3.htm">333-249365</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920113065/tm2032414d1_ex10-3.htm">10/07/2020</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916016981/t1600484_ex10-1.htm">10.6&dagger;</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916016981/t1600484_ex10-1.htm">Employment Agreement, dated July&nbsp;1, 2016, between James A. Hayward and Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</A></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916016981/t1600484_ex10-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916016981/t1600484_ex10-1.htm">10.1</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916016981/t1600484_ex10-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916016981/t1600484_ex10-1.htm">8/2/2016</A></FONT></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 36; Options: NewSection; Value: 31 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->31<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212002871/ex10-1.htm">10.7&dagger;</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212002871/ex10-1.htm">Form&nbsp;of
    Indemnification Agreement dated as of September&nbsp;7, 2012, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and each of its directors
    and executive officers</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212002871/ex10-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212002871/ex10-1.htm">10.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212002871/ex10-1.htm">002-90539</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811212002871/ex10-1.htm">9/13/2012</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104914006670/t1402301_ex4-1.htm">10.8</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104914006670/t1402301_ex4-1.htm">Warrant
    Agreement, dated November&nbsp;20, 2014, between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and American Stock Transfer&nbsp;&amp; Trust Company,
    LLC as warrant agent</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104914006670/t1402301_ex4-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104914006670/t1402301_ex4-1.htm">4.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104914006670/t1402301_ex4-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104914006670/t1402301_ex4-1.htm">11/20/2014</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915002558/t81941_ex4-1.htm">10.9</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915002558/t81941_ex4-1.htm">First
    Amendment to Warrant Agreement dated April&nbsp;1, 2015 between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and American Stock Transfer&nbsp;&amp;
    Trust Company, LLC as warrant agent</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915002558/t81941_ex4-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915002558/t81941_ex4-1.htm">4.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915002558/t81941_ex4-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104915002558/t81941_ex4-1.htm">4/1/2015</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-4.htm">10.10</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-4.htm">Second
    Amendment to Warrant Agreement dated November&nbsp;2, 2016</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-4.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-4.htm">10.4</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-4.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-4.htm">11/2/2016</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-3.htm">10.11</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-3.htm">Registration
    Rights Agreement dated November&nbsp;2, 2016</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-3.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-3.htm">10.3</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-3.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916019355/t1600699_ex10-3.htm">11/2/2016</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417042045/v472281_ex10-1.htm">10.12*</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417042045/v472281_ex10-1.htm">License
    Agreement with Himatsingka America,&nbsp;Inc. dated June&nbsp;23, 2017</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417042045/v472281_ex10-1.htm">10-Q</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417042045/v472281_ex10-1.htm">10.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417042045/v472281_ex10-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417042045/v472281_ex10-1.htm">8/10/2017</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex10-1.htm">10.13</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex10-1.htm">Placement
    Agency Agreement by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Maxim Group LLC, dated December&nbsp;20, 2017.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex10-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex10-1.htm">10.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex10-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420417064423/tv481658_ex10-1.htm">12/20/2017</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-2.htm">10.14</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-2.htm">Registration
    Rights Agreement, dated November&nbsp;29, 2018</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-2.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-2.htm">10.2</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-2.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-2.htm">12/6/2018</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-3.htm">10.15</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-3.htm">Securities
    Purchase Agreement, dated November&nbsp;29, 2018</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-3.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-3.htm">10.3</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-3.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063250/tv508537_ex10-3.htm">12/6/2018</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063812/tv508735_ex10-2.htm">10.16</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063812/tv508735_ex10-2.htm">Registration
    Rights Agreement, dated August&nbsp;31, 2018</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063812/tv508735_ex10-2.htm">8-K/A</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063812/tv508735_ex10-2.htm">10.2</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063812/tv508735_ex10-2.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418063812/tv508735_ex10-2.htm">12/10/2018</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065023/tv507795_ex10-45.htm">10.17</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065023/tv507795_ex10-45.htm">Securities
    Purchase Agreement, dated August&nbsp;31, 2018</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065023/tv507795_ex10-45.htm">10-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065023/tv507795_ex10-45.htm">10.45</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065023/tv507795_ex10-45.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420418065023/tv507795_ex10-45.htm">12/18/2018</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419024873/tv520548_ex10-10.htm">10.18+</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419024873/tv520548_ex10-10.htm">Patent
    and Know-How License and Cooperation Agreement, dated March&nbsp;28, 2019, between the Company, APDN (B.V.I.),&nbsp;Inc., and ETCH
    BioTrace S.A.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419024873/tv520548_ex10-10.htm">10-Q</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419024873/tv520548_ex10-10.htm">10.10</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419024873/tv520548_ex10-10.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419024873/tv520548_ex10-10.htm">5/9/2019</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-2.htm">10.19</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-2.htm">Registration
    Rights Agreement, dated July&nbsp;16, 2019 by and among Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and the investor named on the signature page&nbsp;thereof.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-2.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-2.htm">10.2</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-2.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-2.htm">07/17/2019</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-3.htm">10.20</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-3.htm">Securities
    Purchase Agreement, dated July&nbsp;16, 2019 by and among Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and the investor named on the signature
    page&nbsp;thereof.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-3.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-3.htm">10.3</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-3.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419034946/tv525305_ex10-3.htm">07/17/2019</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419039187/tv527257_ex10-1.htm">10.21</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419039187/tv527257_ex10-1.htm">Asset
    Purchase Agreement, dated July&nbsp;29, 2019 by and between LineaRX,&nbsp;Inc. and Vitatex&nbsp;Inc.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419039187/tv527257_ex10-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419039187/tv527257_ex10-1.htm">10.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419039187/tv527257_ex10-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419039187/tv527257_ex10-1.htm">8/12/2019</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419041661/tv528207_ex10-1.htm">10.22</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419041661/tv528207_ex10-1.htm">Form&nbsp;of
    Subscription Agreement between investors and Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., dated August&nbsp;22, 2019.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419041661/tv528207_ex10-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419041661/tv528207_ex10-1.htm">10.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419041661/tv528207_ex10-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000114420419041661/tv528207_ex10-1.htm">8/26/2019</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex1-1.htm">10.23</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex1-1.htm">Underwriting
    Agreement entered into by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Maxim Group LLC, as Representative of the Underwriters
    listed in Schedule I hereto, dated November&nbsp;13, 2019.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex1-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex1-1.htm">1.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex1-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919063574/tm1921482d3_ex1-1.htm">11/14/2019</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm">10.24</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 58%; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm">Warrant
    Agreement, dated November&nbsp;15, 2019, between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and American Stock Transfer&nbsp;&amp; Trust Company,
    LLC</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm">4.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465919064931/tm1921482d4_ex4-1.htm">11/18/2019</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-1.htm">10.25&dagger;</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-1.htm">Consulting
    Agreement, dated as of December&nbsp;12, 2019, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Meadow Hill Place, LLC</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-1.htm">10-Q</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-1.htm">10.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-1.htm">08/06/2020</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811213002398/ex10-2.htm">10.26</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811213002398/ex10-2.htm">Agreement
    of Lease dated June&nbsp;14, 2013, between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Long Island High Technology Incubator,&nbsp;Inc.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811213002398/ex10-2.htm">10-Q</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811213002398/ex10-2.htm">10.2</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811213002398/ex10-2.htm">002-90539</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000118811213002398/ex10-2.htm">8/13/2013</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-2.htm">10.27</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-2.htm">Agreement
    of Lease, dated November&nbsp;1, 2015, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Long Island High Technology Incubator,&nbsp;Inc.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-2.htm">10-Q</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-2.htm">10.2</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-2.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-2.htm">08/06/2020</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916015201/t1600281_ex10-2.htm">10.28</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916015201/t1600281_ex10-2.htm">Option
    Exercise Notice, dated December&nbsp;3, 2015, Pursuant to Lease dated June&nbsp;14, 2013, between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.
    and Long Island High Technology Incubator,&nbsp;Inc.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916015201/t1600281_ex10-2.htm">10-Q</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916015201/t1600281_ex10-2.htm">10.2</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916015201/t1600281_ex10-2.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000157104916015201/t1600281_ex10-2.htm">05/12/2016</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-3.htm">10.29</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-3.htm">Temporary
    Lease Extension Agreement, dated August&nbsp;9, 2019, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Long Island High Technology
    Incubator,&nbsp;Inc.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-3.htm">10-Q</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-3.htm">10.3</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-3.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-3.htm">08/06/2020</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-4.htm">10.30</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-4.htm">Amendment
    to Leases, dated November&nbsp;4, 2019, by and between Long Island High Technology Incubator,&nbsp;Inc. and Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-4.htm">10-Q</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-4.htm">10.4</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-4.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-4.htm">08/06/2020</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-5.htm">10.31</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-5.htm">Amendment
    to Leases, dated January&nbsp;17, 2020, by and between Long Island High Technology Incubator,&nbsp;Inc. and Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-5.htm">10-Q</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-5.htm">10.5</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-5.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920091414/tm2020564d1_ex10-5.htm">08/06/2020</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 37; Value: 31 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->32<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 6%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-4.htm">10.32</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 58%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-4.htm">Registration
    Rights Agreement, dated October&nbsp;7, 2020, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Dillon Hill Capital,&nbsp;LLC.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 6%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-4.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 6%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-4.htm">10.4</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 6%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-4.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 6%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-4.htm">10/14/2020</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 6%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-5.htm">10.33</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-5.htm">Registration
    Rights Agreement, dated October&nbsp;7, 2020, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Dillon Hill Investment Company&nbsp;LLC.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-5.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-5.htm">10.5</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-5.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920114880/tm2033064d1_ex10-5.htm">10/14/2020</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-46.htm">10.34+</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-46.htm">Joint
    Development Agreement, dated September&nbsp;11, 2018, between LineaRx,&nbsp;Inc., Takis S.R.L. and Evvivax S.R.L., as amended by
    that First Amendment, dated February&nbsp;3, 2020</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-46.htm">10-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-46.htm">10.46</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-46.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-46.htm">12/17/2020</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-47.htm">10.35</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-47.htm">Animal
    Clinical Trial Agreement, dated September&nbsp;14, 2020, between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., Evvivax S.R.L. and Veterinary Oncology
    Services, PLLC</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-47.htm">10-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-47.htm">10.47</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-47.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465920136828/tm2037742d1_ex10-47.htm">12/17/2020</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921032153/tm218657d1_ex10-1.htm">10.36</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921032153/tm218657d1_ex10-1.htm">Letter
    Agreement dated March&nbsp;2, 2021, by and between the Company and Dr.&nbsp;James Hayward</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921032153/tm218657d1_ex10-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921032153/tm218657d1_ex10-1.htm">10.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921032153/tm218657d1_ex10-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465921032153/tm218657d1_ex10-1.htm">3/4/2021</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d43.htm">10.37</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d43.htm">Office
    Lease Renewal Letter Agreement, dated February&nbsp;1, 2022, by and between Long Island High Technology Incubator,&nbsp;Inc. and
    Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d43.htm">10-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d43.htm">10.43</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d43.htm">001
    36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d43.htm">12/14/2022</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d44.htm">10.38</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d44.htm">Laboratory
    Lease Renewal Letter Agreement, dated February&nbsp;1, 2022, by and between Long Island High Technology Incubator,&nbsp;Inc. and
    Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d44.htm">10-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d44.htm">10.44</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d44.htm">001
    36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d44.htm">12/14/2022</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d45.htm">10.39+</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d45.htm">Contract
    Number T212206, dated August&nbsp;3, 2021, by and between The City University of New York and Applied DNA Clinical Labs, LLC.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d45.htm">10-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d45.htm">10.45</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d45.htm">001
    36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d45.htm">12/14/2022</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d46.htm">10.40+</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d46.htm">First
    Amendment to Contract No.&nbsp;T212206, dated December&nbsp;16, 2021, by and between The City University of New York and Applied
    DNA Clinical Labs, LLC.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d46.htm">10-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d46.htm">10.46</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d46.htm">001
    36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d46.htm">12/14/2022</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d47.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10.41+</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d47.htm">Second
    Amendment to Contract No.&nbsp;T212206, dated July&nbsp;19, 2022, by and between The City University of New York and Applied DNA
    Clinical Labs, LLC.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d47.htm">10-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d47.htm">10.47</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d47.htm">001
    36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex10d47.htm">12/14/2022</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923115320/tm2329968d1_ex10-1.htm">10.42</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923115320/tm2329968d1_ex10-1.htm">Equity
    Distribution Agreement, dated November&nbsp;7, 2023, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Maxim Group LLC</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923115320/tm2329968d1_ex10-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923115320/tm2329968d1_ex10-1.htm">10.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923115320/tm2329968d1_ex10-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923115320/tm2329968d1_ex10-1.htm">11/7/2023</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_ex10-1.htm">10.43&dagger;</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_ex10-1.htm">Letter
    Agreement, dated January&nbsp;4, 2024, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and James A. Hayward.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_ex10-1.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_ex10-1.htm">10.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_ex10-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_ex10-1.htm">1/5/2024</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_ex10-2.htm">10.44&dagger;</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_ex10-2.htm">Letter
    Agreement, dated January&nbsp;4, 2024, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Judith Murrah.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_ex10-2.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_ex10-2.htm">10.2</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_ex10-2.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_ex10-2.htm">1/5/2024</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-1.htm">10.45</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-1.htm">Amended
    and Restated Lease Agreement, dated February&nbsp;24, 2023, by and between Long Island High Technology Incubator,&nbsp;Inc. and Applied
    DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. (Office Lease).</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_ex10-2.htm">8-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-1.htm">10.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-1.htm">02/28/2023</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-2.htm">10.46</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-2.htm"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Amended
    and Restated Lease Agreement, dated February&nbsp;24, 2023, by and between Long Island High Technology Incubator,&nbsp;Inc. and Applied
    DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. (Laboratory Lease).</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">8-K</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-2.htm"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">10.2</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-2.htm"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">001-36745</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-2.htm"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">02/28/2023</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057824000021/apdn-20231231xex10d3.htm">10.47</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057824000021/apdn-20231231xex10d3.htm"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Lease
    Renewal Agreement dated January&nbsp;10, 2024 (Laboratory Lease).</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057824000021/apdn-20231231xex10d3.htm">10-Q</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057824000021/apdn-20231231xex10d3.htm">10.3</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057824000021/apdn-20231231xex10d3.htm"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">001-36745</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057824000021/apdn-20231231xex10d3.htm">02/08/2024</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex10-1.htm">10.48</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex10-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Placement
    Agency Agreement by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and Maxim Group LLC, dated January&nbsp;31, 2024.</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">8-K</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-1.htm">10.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_ex10-2.htm"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">01/05/2024</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex10-2.htm">10.49</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924008937/tm244700d1_ex10-2.htm"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Form&nbsp;of
    Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January&nbsp;31, 2024, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. and the parties thereto.</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">8-K</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-2.htm"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">10.2</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465923026698/tm238062d1_ex10-2.htm"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">001-36745</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000110465924001819/tm242253d1_ex10-2.htm"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">01/05/2024</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.50**</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Placement Agency
    Agreement</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 38; Value: 31 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->33<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 6%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex14d1.htm">14.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 58%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex14d1.htm">Code
    of Business Conduct and Ethics.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 6%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex14d1.htm">10-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 6%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex14d1.htm">14.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 6%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex14d1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 6%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057822003564/apdn-20220930xex14d1.htm">12/14/2022</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; width: 6%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057823002615/apdn-20230930xex21d1.htm">21.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057823002615/apdn-20230930xex21d1.htm">Subsidiaries
    of Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057823002615/apdn-20230930xex21d1.htm">10-K</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057823002615/apdn-20230930xex21d1.htm">21.1</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057823002615/apdn-20230930xex21d1.htm">001-36745</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/744452/000141057823002615/apdn-20230930xex21d1.htm">12/07/2023</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><A HREF="tm2412319d1_ex23-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><A HREF="tm2412319d1_ex23-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent of Marcum LLP</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><A HREF="tm2412319d1_ex23-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.2</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">**</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent of McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp;
    Emery LLP (included in Exhibit&nbsp;5.1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><A HREF="tm2412319d1_ex-filingfees.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">107</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><A HREF="tm2412319d1_ex-filingfees.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filing
    Fee Table</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2pt"><A HREF="tm2412319d1_ex-filingfees.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 2px; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 18px; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&dagger;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicates
    a management contract or any compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 2px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 18px; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A request for confidentiality
    has been granted for certain portions of the indicated document. Confidential portions have been omitted and filed separately with
    the SEC as required by Rule&nbsp;24b-2 promulgated under the Exchange Act.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 18px; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">+</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Portions of this exhibit
    have been omitted because the information is both not material and is the type that the Company treats as private or confidential.
    The omissions have been indicated by bracketed asterisks (&ldquo;[***]&rdquo;).</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 18px; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">**</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicates to be filed by
    amendment. </FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 39; Value: 31 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->34<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SIGNATURES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized, in the Town of Stony Brook, State of New York, on the 23<SUP>rd</SUP> day of April, 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>APPLIED DNA SCIENCES,&nbsp;INC.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; width: 47%">/s/&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">James
    A. Hayward</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">James
    A. Hayward</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">President
    and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B>POWER
OF ATTORNEY</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each officer
and director of Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc. whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Beth M. Jantzen his or her true
and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and revocation, for him or her and in his or her name, place and
stead, in any and all capacities, to execute any or all amendments including any post-effective amendments and supplements to this Registration
Statement, and any additional Registration Statement filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(b), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto,
and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent
full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and
purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute
or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">****</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.</P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; width: 24%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Signature</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 52%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Title</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 22%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Date</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    James A. Hayward</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of
    the Board of Directors</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 23,&nbsp;2024</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">James A. Hayward</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Beth Jantzen</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 23,&nbsp;2024</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beth Jantzen</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting
    Officer)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Robert B. Catell</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    23,&nbsp;2024</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Robert
    B. Catell</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Joseph D. Ceccoli</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    23,&nbsp;2024</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joseph
    D. Ceccoli</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Sanford R. Simon</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    23,&nbsp;2024</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sanford
    R. Simon</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Yacov A. Shamash</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    23,&nbsp;2024</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yacov
    A. Shamash</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Elizabeth M. Schmalz Shaheen</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    23,&nbsp;2024</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Elizabeth
    M. Schmalz Shaheen</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 40; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->35<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>tm2412319d1_ex23-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 23.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 23.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><U>Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm&rsquo;s Consent</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We consent to the incorporation by reference in
this Registration Statement of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. on Form S-1 of our report, which includes an explanatory paragraph as to the
Company&rsquo;s ability to continue as a going concern, dated December 7, 2023 with respect to our audits of the consolidated financial
statements of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc, and Subsidiaries as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 and for each of the two years in the period
ended September 30, 2023 appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. for the year ended September 30, 2023.
We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading &ldquo;Experts&rdquo; in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration
Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">/s/ Marcum <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">llp</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Marcum <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">llp</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Melville, NY</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">April 22, 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-FILING FEES
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm2412319d1_ex-filingfees.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-FILING FEES
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;107</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Calculation of Filing Fee Tables</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Form&nbsp;S-1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Form&nbsp;Type)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><U>Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward
Securities</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Security<BR>
 Type</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Security Class Title</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Fee<BR>
 Calculation<BR>
 or Carry<BR>
 Forward<BR>
 Rule</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Amount<BR>
Registered</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Proposed<BR>
 Maximum<BR>
 Offering<BR>
 Price </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Maximum<BR>
 Aggregate<BR>
 Offering<BR>
 Price(1)</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Fee Rate</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Amount of<BR>
 Registration<BR>
 Fee</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 32%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share <SUP>(2)(3)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">457(o)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10,000,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">0.00014760</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1,476.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Series A Warrants</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">457(g)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(4</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Series B Warrants</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">457(g)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(4</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Pre-Funded Warrants&nbsp; <SUP>(3)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">457(g)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(4</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Placement Agent Warrants</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">457(g)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, issuable upon exercise of Series A Warrants&nbsp;<SUP>(2)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">457(o)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10,000,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">0.00014760</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1,476.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, issuable upon exercise of Series B Warrants&nbsp;<SUP>(2)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">457(o)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10,000,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">0.00014760</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1,476.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, issuable upon exercise of Pre-Funded Warrants<SUP>(2)(3)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">457(o)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(3</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">0.00014760</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(3</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Fees to Be Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, issuable upon exercise of Placement Agent Warrants<SUP>(5)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">457(o)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">500,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">0.00014760</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">73.80</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Total Offering Amounts</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">30,500,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4,501.80</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Total Fees Previously Paid</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Total Fee Offsets</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Net Fee Due</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4,501.80</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in pursuant to Rule&nbsp;457(o)&nbsp;under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;).</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Pursuant to Rule&nbsp;416(a)&nbsp;under the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement shall also cover an indeterminate number of shares that may be issued and resold resulting from stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the common stock will be reduced on a dollar-for-dollar basis based on the offering price of any pre-funded warrants issued in the offering, and the proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the pre-funded warrants to be issued in the offering will be reduced on a dollar-for-dollar basis based on the offering price of any common stock issued in the offering. Accordingly, the proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the common stock and pre-funded warrants (including the common stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants), if any, is $10,000,000.00.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">No separate registration fee is payable pursuant to Rule&nbsp;457(g)&nbsp;under the Securities Act.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. The placement agent warrants are exercisable for up to the number of shares of common stock equal to 5.0% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants, if any, sold in this offering at a per share exercise price equal to the exercise price of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants. As estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act, the proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the placement agent warrants is $500,000.00, which is equal to 100% of $500,000.00 (5.0% of the proposed maximum aggregate offering price of $10,000,000.00).</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>tm2412319d1_s1img01.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 tm2412319d1_s1img01.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! 0$ R #(  #_VP!#  $! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$!
M 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0'_
MVP!# 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$!
M 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0'_P  1" != CL# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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M\.GTQ\I_MB?M)Z?^R7^SY\0OCKJ6E2:]#X+T:XU2UTN+@WGV.VYZ8(.?Y]:
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MO\/_ !3\4_B#KUOH'A;P?I=_JFJ:A<R^1@6EM]L^R^YZC^9Z5_F1_P#!9?\
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MXA\K_B53'IQGV[Y]?7G^2_\ X*B_'3]H?_@KG_P5 '[(?@+Q)JFF^#-'U_\
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M\B0* /\ 03^&7Q?^'7QD\+Z5XV^&?BS1_&'A+7[47VGZYH=^M];FV_Z>N?\
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M^RK^WY^R[^VAX:C\2_ 'XEZ'XW0#][H?FVPU6T]?EYXY[DXSCC&:_B%^"O\
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MX_\ @K)X4_973XEZQXS\'R>*+?1M:TZVOSJMC>6]Y_H8/V4\_H!VY.:^C?\
M@Z$^%7BKX1_\% ?A7^TM-HFH/X,U";1]9NK_ .R_N(;FS^QWG^E__6_,<X_8
MG_@C_P#\&ZGCS]G/XV0?M6_M@>)XO&7Q2MKK[?86]Q?75]?PW^<_:R;P>_\
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M ,%6_BCI7Q-EO]$\%?%SQY<ZI8^)9)KJ 6FG:QJ@%U<BZ]0<].N>0,5_9?\
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MG_@G7^VK^R/X@OM+\?\ PE\::6-&NIQ_;&CV%W]AX'_'U:W=GVQ_@*/V?O\
M@IG^VG^R_K%K_P (#\6_%,$&CS"6/1]?OKHV('7[+=6A(R1[D<#KSFOO<%Q;
M@X0A2J4O:58I<VVC?^?KT];_ )WFOA]"OB:E3"X[V=%QBX>=[_EI]Y_>;)\2
M_P#@KA;S)#<Z)JZ/)Z6@\CG_ /5V_2HI/B1_P5QC9/\ BF_$&_\ Y9&.USZ>
MWX]N.:_GC^%__!U/^VII=AINF^-]/\/:M;6\7D_;;>TM?/[=.![>_P"M??\
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MXD:S<7?]GZ?#_I%YJ%Y=8/\ HGO@<9 X'2OS?B..>SS.=?Z[E>7TY58_[/\
M]!"4OA_[AWM_V_\ ?^K<)QS66%:S&IBJE)47[3ZST3B[<FNEU?F?DOE_:M_P
M33_;@_X*9?M(_L^Z/>> 'USQ59^$Y;>UEU3_ %WG6UG:_P O;\@,U^B,GQ%_
MX*Z323._AO7_ -Y+_P \NW]?P_.OS8_X)2?\/$_V+_V;+#P?X+^$NH0P^*+O
M[?)]HTNZ,X^V?Z9]/Q_R/TU_X;4_X*I;G_XM;<=XA_Q)N<GZ>V,>O.:^URO$
MXF5+V<LOR"I4]G27ML3>]1V=W#3H_B]8GP'$,:4<5/V/P.=:W_@4;_H9P^('
M_!70=/#?B#\8O\>*?_PGO_!7=&\X>&M?#CC,<(&!^&.G'^>M]?VU/^"J9Z?#
M&Y0^O]E_Y_3_ /7,O[:G_!5/=C_A6ER_O_8V?\]/_K]:]7VF<S3IQPG"U""5
MFVDW-/3=IO2WXGD157V<)4OL-M_.UOR9#H_CS_@KTNJ:4$TKQ!"EQ+_I4<D1
M^GXU_39\ Y_'<GPT\+WWQ%C">*+C3X)=9M_+\C%P+4#_ (]<<>GU[5_,M_PV
MA_P56W^<?ACJ"9_U7_$ANN?T_+T_+,L?[;7_  58\R%[CX<ZANMXC%QI5UY!
M/K]1^/UX&?CN*.&,3F=/#SJ?V/S4O;N7]G\[?OJFVJJ6FKBN1MZ>_9,^SR'B
M&K@DZ=7_ )>>S4;?W>9/\T?UM1R)(H^? S_SRX'^?_KT_?\ ],?\_G7\YW['
M?[5'_!0[QQ\7M'\/?%'P->:;X/N);?[7>R6N8.YN_P"O/O7]$L5ZOEIYBN'V
MC<"!G..?SZU^/X_(_JM7V7\KDONMW/TO"9TJ]-2NE9+?S^3+QBF\U.\1&;GS
M,<\9XZ?7VZ^M,CM/+DD1-ZPS@Y]NG7/M_GJ*U:*Y#W3(^SNL:?(7_P"NG/7Z
M<CUKS;XPQRQ_"_QTZ./._P"$.UB*/[1$)X,_9+OK[[<>N1BO79/N-]*P?$6C
MV?B#1-2T6_ ^S:E8W%I-GM]K&,<#U'TQGKB@#_+S_P""1<D+?\%X/%4*7-OY
MO_"R]8'F>5B<_P"E?CCCK_2O]1B2U>20/YL@2#_5?7&/Q]_;'K7Y*_!7_@B_
M^Q/\!_VA+G]I;P'X.N+;XJ7FJ?VS+>22_P#+QZ\?_6S7Z])]SM_P#KU/^?SH
M RK>W2UD?>\>?*\WKB?_ #^?OVK^&S_@\XO(U^&?[/R!XW\S6;C]W)Q_H^<_
MUS]>O!K^Y.\5Y%=(?^/G_EE_7VZ?XYKX _;H_P"":O[-_P#P4$T_PSIOQ[T.
MXUF#PU+YEA]G_P!3"?\ Z_X]0>* /D7_ (-^(X?^';/P1%@EN81I4$4L?VK)
M^T?9>>GY8ZG/'.<?N*MN[#>Z1^9^/']/3\!QC KY^_9O_9K^&/[+WPUT?X5_
M"C2AI7A+0HK>+2XY._OW)].GI7T?0!CBP",_DI]F\P9EDM_^6V1W'!'Y4L6G
MI'*VR'8G>02GS_TSU[8-:]% &4UJ,(GE2/\ 9_\ 52^</._I[?\ ZC1Y$NY-
MR V\?^JC_P"6WX_U[]^^:U:* ,H:?"IWHEP']?-]Q_GM2R0/(=\OW /W4<8_
M??F?P..W?K6I10!E^0S_ +S9@>IBQ-Z?Y_GTJ%]+\Q=^_P"?'^?\..OZ5M44
M 9"6$T29BF+OQ_KP3^/<_P">^*CDL$D/G):#S#S^\E_7!]:VZ* ,N"W=8W39
M_K/];)+_ *Z;US_GCM4/]GPA$_=R)Y8_=)YHQQTX]^G>MJHV(VGYOU7U^E3)
MO2U3V?Z_\-^HG_U[]I^G_#_H8S:>VV%TBWS#_6B27]R0/;G/3T!'XU#%8,D3
MPP(+1/\ GG'_ ,MOQ_ST'L*W=R_\]?Y_XTP;0 -P/KTX_7_/J:APC-IRJ>T<
M;\O3EOO]]E]P<T[2IPI^SC4C)3T^*VVW:[MZF.NF1X/5,=TD_P ?7\._>EET
M^*8;)1L3_GG'QQ_D=NOKS6M@'*^O/Z]?KG^GT";!ZG]/\*XZGMU7BH;)OTMI
M;]3"EAZ,:$J:6LY2YN]TWZ:*YCKID8='5/\ 5_ZK]Z1GW'^>G![59DLO-C\F
M/]VF,>7_ ,L)N^/7CVSZUJ^7C@$?Y_.D8#RW"=<?E_GG'7\:Z&Z[FN;Y?A?^
MO^".GAZ4(\MM'N8Z60C'[E-K#KOE)A[=AD]_0\TW[&FW[G[[_GX\KVQCI^&/
MPS6F86/4?^A?X4_9%_STKIE/$I15-JSOS_A;]?4TC0PT&Y4Z2J2=KVW5MOOO
MMY&9)9^9(@F3SDS@?NL>2><$'ZYQZ>E31V]XT6=\<;_]<^,'N.F?7^?-7"J
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M$DT__F.:?HUU]AASG_E[LA[<Y/!^IK_1_P#VKO\ @Z%_8&_9\@U2U\%:E?\
MQ4\564L]K'9Z-?6LMN2.<\DD#(SC)QT.:_D,_P""AG_!S'^TG^V'I7B#X>>$
MO!7@CP5\-M0BN+27[1H5K<:M-;WGK>$EL^N<D_6M98S%2</98GZO[.]_[]^6
MW_@-G_X$)JDURU<-]8O\/]SO_P"!?H?D3^S_ /\ !2S]L7]EO4;.\^''Q=\2
M1VUOGRO#^MS?:+#/_+UU.1SU.3W/U_8#7?\ @Z8_;>\1_ ^_^&/]A>$M-\27
MEH+#_A--/TNV^W<@6GVG!Z8R/J>AQS7\W_AGP=X\^+'BB&P\&>#=8\4^)]8N
MS+%I_A_2[J^\ZXN[H'&!DC/;L3GG@U_2?^P9_P &O_[9'[3D>@^,/C __"F_
M UY+I]S=>;:^3KAT\Y^U6HSZCTR>,C&0*Z)9SCHJ--YE==?E^6^GIW.*KEV
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M?0+"S97MK.W@D'_+>*UM83^0 (_#'7GWO_8X?^>DGYG_  J\64<9_G57:_\
M>_4U+C&I[TZ^N_??T^6YO3R[#I-0I*"TT[[V[[&I1115&P4444 %%%% !111
M0 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 -V+Z?J?\ &G445,H\UM;6
M ****GV:[O\   HHHJHQY;ZWN 44450#=B^GZG_&G444 %%%% !1110 4444
M %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 ? O_!2SXO\
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K/^-&Q?3]3_C3J* "BBB@ HHHH B?J/I_4TRIMB^GZG_&C8OI^I_QH __V0$!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>tm2412319d1_s1img02.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 tm2412319d1_s1img02.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! 0$ R #(  #_VP!#  $! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$!
M 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0'_
MVP!# 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$!
M 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0'_P  1" !R H\# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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M 44F1ZC\Q0IR ?\ /6@!:*"0.M0[E_YZ_P _\: )J*AW+_SU_G_C4JG(S^=
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MXYZ=X"_:>;Q1JGAQM4MK?6K+Q-)<D)IHN_*O4M7N%C1F2 ;H@%(60JS+*N0
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M/^"V5I_P3R\,GX??"V\L_$'Q;\068M(((946XLY21&9'55B*J),#'/3 )/4
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MG[07ASXI^))]&U.:XU6SN8]=FC=8/[@MWNE(]<9Z=:_I)_X('?L__P#!1O\
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MF[5?^"GG[=.H0FUU?X)'5M/E39)8ZGHBWT;I_=*R0]/8$?CUKX._:!UGQ/\
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M;RS\H_L"#CMSB,-C';(]O9K_ /!:+]EVZADAN_@WI]Q:RQ^6\4V@1.Q'KCR
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M5_%FC:5964U[;^'-,_TYK>V"21W,LUE(P!D&UN$;MG/- 'X@?MW?M8?MK_\
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M?CO3?B'J)N?&B?#B*VUBX>)";?4#HV9MK9VJRS950P;"\'<<,0#^2K_@T3\
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M;_\ !/[XQZOX+W17[^'[Z*![0F-@9[7Y@Y#(I4=N%(]37\C?[!W_  ==:_\
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M_;UT#4Y/%W@_2= \>2P7#6/B+3M.AM6\UN8C=- ':4MT.&4GM@BO\_3_ (*
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M5?<(;@>;]%*L =OMD'\*_:D6R8P4!4=%,:$#KTRF>_KS^5*+:W#%E"JS=2J
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M5%\L?YI^?^;$15C&U0,>^<_IBB5UZ!1^7/Y ]>?K[BGX/H?R-.,9/7:?K_\
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M>3?M _\ 2)3_ (*#?^ /[/7_ ,_*C_AY-^T#_P!(E/\ @H-_X _L]?\ S\J
M/UFHK\F?^'DW[0/_ $B4_P""@W_@#^SU_P#/RH_X>3?M _\ 2)3_ (*#?^ /
M[/7_ ,_*@#]9J*_)G_AY-^T#_P!(E/\ @H-_X _L]?\ S\J/^'DW[0/_ $B4
M_P""@W_@#^SU_P#/RH _6:BOR9_X>3?M _\ 2)3_ (*#?^ /[/7_ ,_*C_AY
M-^T#_P!(E/\ @H-_X _L]?\ S\J /UFHK\F?^'DW[0/_ $B4_P""@W_@#^SU
M_P#/RH_X>3?M _\ 2)3_ (*#?^ /[/7_ ,_*@#]9J*_)G_AY-^T#_P!(E/\
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MX _L]?\ S\J/^'DW[0/_ $B4_P""@W_@#^SU_P#/RH _6:BOR9_X>3?M _\
M2)3_ (*#?^ /[/7_ ,_*C_AY-^T#_P!(E/\ @H-_X _L]?\ S\J /UFHK\F?
M^'DW[0/_ $B4_P""@W_@#^SU_P#/RH_X>3?M _\ 2)3_ (*#?^ /[/7_ ,_*
ME9=E]R _6:BOR9_X>3?M _\ 2)3_ (*#?^ /[/7_ ,_*C_AY-^T#_P!(E/\
M@H-_X _L]?\ S\J8'ZS45^3/_#R;]H'_ *1*?\%!O_ ']GK_ .?E1_P\F_:!
M_P"D2G_!0;_P!_9Z_P#GY4 ?K-17Y,_\/)OV@?\ I$I_P4&_\ ?V>O\ Y^5'
M_#R;]H'_ *1*?\%!O_ ']GK_ .?E0!^LU%?DS_P\F_:!_P"D2G_!0;_P!_9Z
M_P#GY4?\/)OV@?\ I$I_P4&_\ ?V>O\ Y^5 'ZS45^3/_#R;]H'_ *1*?\%!
MO_ ']GK_ .?E1_P\F_:!_P"D2G_!0;_P!_9Z_P#GY4 ?K-17Y,_\/)OV@?\
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MO_ ']GK_ .?E1_P\F_:!_P"D2G_!0;_P!_9Z_P#GY4 ?K-17Y,_\/)OV@?\
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M0!]F_MG ?\,@?M8CT_9G^../P^&'BVN/_P""=G_)@/[#W_9HW[.'_JG/!U?
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M1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% $^!Z#\A4%%% $^!Z#\A1@>@_(444
M04444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 9EZS11-Y3&/9=1(FPE-B%6
I)5=N-JD@$J, D<BM! %MHRH"EDC)*C!)*+DDC!).!DGDX&>@HHH _]D!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
