<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-24-008937.txt : 20240201
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ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-24-008937
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		23
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20240131
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240201
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240131

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			APPLIED DNA SCIENCES INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000744452
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-TESTING LABORATORIES [8734]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	08 Industrial Applications and Services
		IRS NUMBER:				592262718
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0930

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-36745
		FILM NUMBER:		24584495

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		50 HEALTH SCIENCES DRIVE
		CITY:			STONY BROOK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11790
		BUSINESS PHONE:		631-240-8800

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		50 HEALTH SCIENCES DRIVE
		CITY:			STONY BROOK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11790

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PROHEALTH MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20010504

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	DCC ACQUISITION CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19990211

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	DATALINK CAPITAL CORP/TX/
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19980306
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="width: 90%"><b>Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.</b></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January&#160;31, 2024, Applied DNA Sciences,&#160;Inc. (&#8220;Company&#8221;)
entered into a placement agency agreement (the &#8220;Placement Agreement&#8221;) with Maxim Group LLC (the &#8220;Placement Agent&#8221;)
pursuant to which the Placement Agent agreed to serve as the sole placement agent, on a &#8220;reasonable best efforts&#8221; basis, in
connection with&#160;the registered direct public offering (the &#8220;Offering&#8221;) of 3,228,056 shares (&#8220;Shares&#8221;) of
the Company&#8217;s common stock, par value $0.001 (&#8220;Common Stock&#8221;) and&#160;pre-funded&#160;warrants&#160;(&#8220;Pre-Funded&#160;Warrants&#8221;)
to purchase up to 2,416,005 shares of Common Stock, and in a concurrent private placement, unregistered common warrants
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into securities purchase agreements (the &#8220;Purchase Agreements&#8221;) with certain institutional investors (each, a &#8220;Purchaser&#8221;
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The Company expects to receive gross proceeds
from the Registered Direct Offering, before deducting placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company,
of approximately $3.4&#160;million.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The Offering is expected to close on or about
February&#160;2, 2024, subject to satisfaction of customary closing conditions.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The Offering of the Shares and the&#160;Pre-Funded&#160;Warrants
(and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants) is being made pursuant to the Company&#8217;s shelf
registration statement on Form&#160;S-3&#160;(File&#160;No.&#160;333-272267),&#160;declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the &#8220;SEC&#8221; or the &#8220;Commission&#8221;) on June&#160;6, 2023 and a prospectus supplement that the Company plans to file
with the Commission relating to such securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The Purchase Agreements contain customary
representations, warranties and agreements by the Company and customary conditions to closing. Under the Purchase Agreements, the Company
has agreed not to enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any Common Stock or Common Stock
equivalents for a period of 60 days following the closing of the Offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">In connection with this Offering, the Company
and each of its executive officers and directors have agreed, subject to certain exceptions set forth in the lock-up agreements, not to
offer, sell, agree to offer or sell, solicit offers to purchase, grant any call option or purchase any put option with respect to, pledge,
encumber, assign, borrow or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock, or any securities convertible into
or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock, for a period commencing on the date of the lock-up agreement and ending 60
days from the date the Offering is completed, or establish or increase any &#8220;put equivalent position&#8221;
or liquidate or decrease any &#8220;call equivalent position&#8221; with respect to any shares of Common Stock, or any securities convertible into or exercisable
or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock or otherwise enter into any swap, derivative or other transaction or arrangement that transfers
to another, in whole or in part, any economic consequence of ownership of shares of Common Stock, or any securities convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock, without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">Pursuant to the Placement Agreement, the Company
has agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash placement fee equal to 6.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in the Offering from sales
arranged for by the Placement Agent. Subject to certain conditions, the Company has also agreed to reimburse certain expenses of the Placement
Agent in connection with the Offering, including but not limited to legal fees, up to a maximum of $50,000. If the Offering is not consummated
for any reason, the Company will be required to pay to reimburse the Placement Agent for expenses not to exceed $20,000 in the aggregate.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The Placement Agreement contains customary
representations, warranties and agreements by the Company and customary conditions to closing. We have agreed to indemnify the Placement
Agent against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;),
and liabilities arising from breaches of representations and warranties contained in the Placement Agreement, or to contribute to payments
that the Placement Agent may be required to make in respect of those liabilities. The Company has agreed not to effect any issuance of
Common Stock or securities convertible into Common Stock involving a Variable Rate Transaction, as defined in the Purchase
Agreements, for a period commencing on the date of the Placement Agreement until 180 days following the closing of the Offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">The&#160;Pre-Funded&#160;Warrants have an
exercise price of $0.0001 per share and are immediately exercisable and can be exercised at any time after their original issuance until
such&#160;Pre-Funded&#160;Warrants are exercised in full. Each Share is being sold at an offering price of $0.609 and each&#160;Pre-Funded&#160;Warrant
is being sold at an offering price of $0.6089 (equal to the purchase price per Share minus the exercise price of the&#160;Pre-Funded&#160;Warrant).
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreements, the Company also agreed to issue to the Purchasers, in a concurrent private placement, the Private
Common Warrants. Each Private Common Warrant has an exercise price of $0.609 per share, will become exercisable upon Shareholder Approval,
and will expire on the five-year anniversary of the Shareholder Approval. &#8220;Shareholder Approval&#8221; means the first trading
day after the filing of a Form 8-K disclosing the approval pursuant to the applicable rules and regulations of Nasdaq from the shareholders
of the Company with respect to the issuance of all of the shares underlying the Private Common Warrants and the reduction in exercise
price and extension of expiration dates of the warrants described below.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The Private Common
Warrants and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Private Common Warrants are not registered under the
Securities Act. The Private Common Warrants and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise thereof will be issued in reliance
on the exemptions from registration provided by Section&#160;4(a)(2)&#160;under the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated
thereunder, for transactions not involving a public offering. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreements, within 45 calendar days from the
date of the Purchase Agreements, the Company agreed to file a registration statement on Form&#160;S-3 (or other appropriate form if
the Company is not then S-3 eligible) providing for the resale by the Purchasers of the Shares issuable upon exercise of the Private
Common Warrants. The Company agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective
within 90 days following the closing date of the Purchase Agreements and to keep such registration statement effective at all times
until no Purchaser owns any Private Common Warrants or Shares issuable upon exercise thereof.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">In the event of any fundamental transaction,
as described in the Private Common Warrants and generally including any merger with or into another entity, sale of all or substantially
all of the Company&#8217;s assets, tender offer or exchange offer, or reclassification of the shares of Common Stock, subject to certain
exceptions, then upon any subsequent exercise of a Private Common Warrant, the holder will have the right to receive as alternative consideration,
for each share of Common Stock that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such fundamental
transaction, the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation,
and any additional consideration receivable upon or as a result of such transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock
for which the Private Common Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such event. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of a
fundamental transaction, the holders of the Private Common Warrants have the right to require the Company or a successor entity to purchase
the Private Common Warrants for cash in the amount of the Black Scholes Value (as defined in the Private Common Warrants) of the unexercised
portion of the Private Common Warrants concurrently with or within 30 days following the consummation of a fundamental transaction. However,
in the event of a fundamental transaction which is not in the Company&#8217;s control or in which the consideration payable consists of
equity securities of a successor entity that is quoted or listed on a nationally recognized securities exchange, the holders of the Private
Common Warrants will only be entitled to receive from the Company or its successor entity, as of the date of consummation of such fundamental
transaction the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion
of the Private Common Warrants that is being offered and paid to the holders of Common Stock in connection with the fundamental transaction,
whether that consideration is in the form of cash, stock or any combination of cash and stock, or whether the holders of Common Stock
are given the choice to receive alternative forms of consideration in connection with the fundamental transaction.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">In connection with the Offering and the Purchase
Agreements, the Company agreed to reduce the exercise price of warrants previously issued to the Purchasers with exercise prices ranging
from $1.29 to $4.00 per warrant to $0.609 per warrant. The Company also agreed to extend the expiration dates for such warrants to August
2028. In addition, 58,074 outstanding common stock warrants held by other investors who are not participating in the Offering will have
their exercise price reduced to $0.609 per warrant share and will have their warrant expiration dates extended to August 2028. The foregoing
reductions of the exercise price and extension of expiration dates of such warrants is subject to Shareholder Approval.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The foregoing descriptions of the terms and
conditions of the Placement Agreement, the Purchase Agreements and the forms of the&#160;Pre-Funded&#160;Warrant and Private Common Warrant
are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of such documents, which are attached to this Current Report on Form&#160;8-K&#160;as
Exhibits 10.1, 10.2, 4.1 and 4.2, respectively, and are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The Company notes that the representations,
warranties and covenants made by the Company in any agreement that is incorporated by reference herein were made solely for the benefit
of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements. In
addition, the assertions embodied in any representations, warranties and covenants contained in such agreements may be subject to qualifications
with respect to knowledge and materiality different from those applicable to security holders generally. Moreover, such representations,
warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made, except where expressly stated otherwise. Accordingly, such representations,
warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of the Company&#8217;s affairs at any time.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The statements made by the Company in this
report may be &#8220;forward-looking&#8221; in nature within the meaning of Section&#160;27A of the Securities Act, Section&#160;21E of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of
1995. Forward-looking statements describe the Company&#8217;s future plans, projections, strategies, and expectations, and are based on
assumptions and involve a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the control of the Company. Actual results could
differ materially from those projected due to its history of net losses, limited financial resources, its need for future financing, unknown
future demand for its biotherapeutics products and services, the inherent risk and unknown outcome of research and development projects,
the unknown amount of revenues and profits that will result from the Linea DNA&#8482; and/or Linea&#8482; IVT platforms, the fact that
there has never been a commercial drug product utilizing PCR-produced DNA technology and/or the Linea IVT or Linea DNA platforms approved
for human therapeutic use, the risk that the Offering described herein may not close, and various other factors detailed from time to
time in the Company&#8217;s SEC reports and filings, including its Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K filed on December&#160;7, 2023, as
amended, and other reports it files with the SEC, which are available at www.sec.gov. The Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly
any forward-looking statements to reflect new information, events, or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence
of unanticipated events, unless otherwise required by law.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">An opinion of McDermott Will&#160;&amp; Emery
LLP regarding the validity of the Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants and shares of common stock underlying the&#160;Pre-Funded&#160;Warrants being issued and sold
in the Offering by the Company is filed as Exhibit&#160;5.1.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">This Current Report on Form&#160;8-K&#160;does
not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy, and these securities cannot be sold in any state or jurisdiction
in which this offer, solicitation, or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any state
or jurisdiction. Any offer will be made only by means of a prospectus, including a prospectus supplement, forming a part of the effective
registration statement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 10%"><b>Item 3.02</b></td>
    <td style="width: 90%"><b>Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities.</b></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The information contained in Item 1.01 of
this Current Report on Form&#160;8-K&#160;in relation to the Private Common Warrants and the shares of common stock underlying such warrants
is incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 10%"><b>Item 7.01</b></td>
    <td style="width: 90%"><b>Regulation FD Disclosure.</b></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">On January&#160;31, 2024, the Company issued
a press release announcing the Registered Direct Offering, as described above in Item 1.01 of this Current Report on Form&#160;8-K.&#160;The
full text of the press release is attached as Exhibit&#160;99.1 to this Current Report on Form&#160;8-K&#160;and is incorporated into
this Item 7.01 by reference. This information is not deemed to be &#8220;filed&#8221; for the purposes of Section&#160;18 of the Exchange
Act and is not incorporated by reference into any Securities Act registration statements.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 10%"><b>Item 9.01</b></td>
    <td style="width: 90%"><b>Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">(<i>d)&#160;Exhibits</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 6%; text-align: justify"><a href="tm244700d1_ex4-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">4.1</a></td>
    <td style="width: 94%; text-align: justify"><a href="tm244700d1_ex4-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form&#160;of Pre-Funded Warrant.</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="tm244700d1_ex4-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">4.2</a></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="tm244700d1_ex4-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form&#160;of Private Common Warrant.</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="tm244700d1_ex5-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">5.1</a></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="tm244700d1_ex5-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Opinion McDermott Will&#160;&amp; Emery LLP.</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="tm244700d1_ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">10.1</a></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="tm244700d1_ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Placement Agency Agreement by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&#160;Inc. and Maxim Group LLC, dated January&#160;31, 2024.</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="tm244700d1_ex10-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">10.2</a></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="tm244700d1_ex10-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Securities Purchase Agreement,
    dated January&#160;31, 2024, by and between Applied DNA Sciences,&#160;Inc. and the parties thereto.</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="tm244700d1_ex99-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">99.1</a></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="tm244700d1_ex99-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Press Release dated January&#160;31, 2024.</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>104</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto
duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-top: 1.3pt; padding-right: 1.3pt">Date: January&#160;31, 2024</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="padding-top: 1.3pt; padding-right: 1.3pt">APPLIED DNA SCIENCES,&#160;INC.</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 50%; padding-top: 1.3pt; padding-right: 1.3pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 5%; padding-top: 1.3pt; padding-right: 1.3pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 45%; padding-top: 1.3pt; padding-right: 1.3pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-top: 1.3pt; padding-right: 1.3pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-top: 1.3pt; padding-right: 1.3pt">By:</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-top: 1.3pt; padding-right: 1.3pt">/s/ James A. Hayward</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-top: 1.3pt; padding-right: 1.3pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-top: 1.3pt; padding-right: 1.3pt">Name:</td>
    <td style="padding-top: 1.3pt; padding-right: 1.3pt">James A. Hayward</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-top: 1.3pt; padding-right: 1.3pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-top: 1.3pt; padding-right: 1.3pt">Title:</td>
    <td style="padding-top: 1.3pt; padding-right: 1.3pt">Chief Executive Officer</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 4.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM&nbsp;OF PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK PURCHASE
WARRANT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>APPLIED DNA SCIENCES,&nbsp;INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 47%; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Warrant Shares: _______</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 53%; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Initial Exercise Date: _______, 2024</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">THIS PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK
PURCHASE WARRANT (the &ldquo;<U>Warrant</U>&rdquo;) certifies that, for value received, <U>_____________</U> or its assigns (the &ldquo;<U>Holder</U>&rdquo;)
is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after
the date hereof (the &ldquo;<U>Initial Exercise Date</U>&rdquo;) until this Warrant is exercised in full (the &ldquo;<U>Termination Date</U>&rdquo;)
but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;),
up to <U>______ </U>shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the &ldquo;<U>Warrant Shares</U>&rdquo;) of Common Stock. The purchase
price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section&nbsp;2(b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>Section&nbsp;1.</U> <U>Definitions</U>.
Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in that certain Securities Purchase Agreement
(the &ldquo;<U>Purchase Agreement</U>&rdquo;), dated January&nbsp;31, 2024, among the Company and the purchasers signatory thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>Section&nbsp;2.</U> Exercise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">a) <U>Exercise of
Warrant</U>. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or
after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted
by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the &ldquo;<U>Notice of Exercise</U>&rdquo;). Within
the earlier of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days and (ii)&nbsp;the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as
defined in Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise
Price for the shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier&rsquo;s check drawn on a United States
bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section&nbsp;2(c)&nbsp;below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise.
No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of
any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender
this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised
in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3)&nbsp;Trading Days of
the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of
a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant
Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall
maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection
to any Notice of Exercise within one (1)&nbsp;Business Day of receipt of such notice. <B>The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of
this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant
Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on
the face hereof.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">b) <U>Exercise Price</U>.
The aggregate exercise price of this Warrant, except for a nominal exercise price of $0.0001 per Warrant Share, was pre-funded to the
Company on or prior to the Initial Exercise Date and, consequently, no additional consideration (other than the nominal exercise price
of $0.0001 per Warrant Share) shall be required to be paid by the Holder to any Person to effect any exercise of this Warrant. The Holder
shall not be entitled to the return or refund of all, or any portion, of such pre-paid aggregate exercise price under any circumstance
or for any reason whatsoever. The remaining unpaid exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $0.0001, subject
to adjustment hereunder (the &ldquo;<U>Exercise Price</U>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">c) <U>Cashless Exercise</U>.
This Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at any time by means of a &ldquo;cashless exercise&rdquo; in which the Holder
shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(A)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">=
as applicable: (i)&nbsp;the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice
of Exercise is (1)&nbsp;both executed and delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2)&nbsp;both
executed and delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo;
(as defined in Rule&nbsp;600(b)&nbsp;of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii)&nbsp;at
the option of the Holder, either (y)&nbsp;the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise
or (z)&nbsp;the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (&ldquo;<U>Bloomberg</U>&rdquo;)
as of the time of the Holder&rsquo;s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during &ldquo;regular
trading hours&rdquo; on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2)&nbsp;hours thereafter (including until two (2)&nbsp;hours after
the close of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof or (iii)&nbsp;the VWAP on
the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is
both executed and delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof after the close of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on such
Trading Day;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(B)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">=
the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(X)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">=
the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such
exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If Warrant Shares are issued
in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section&nbsp;3(a)(9)&nbsp;of the Securities Act,
the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised. The Company agrees not to take any position
contrary to this Section&nbsp;2(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Bid Price</U>&rdquo;
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading
Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m.&nbsp;(New York
City time) to 4:02 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time)), (b)&nbsp;if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price
of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is not
then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink Open Market (or a
similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock
so reported, or (d)&nbsp;in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser
selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the
Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>VWAP</U>&rdquo;
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date)
on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m.&nbsp;(New
York City time) to 4:02 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time)), (b)&nbsp;if the OTCQB Venture Market (&ldquo;<U>OTCQB</U>&rdquo;) or the OTCQX
Best Market (&ldquo;<U>OTCQX</U>&rdquo;) is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date
(or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading
on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market (&ldquo;<U>Pink Market</U>&rdquo;) operated
by the OTC Markets,&nbsp;Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid
price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d)&nbsp;in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined
by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and
reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">d) <U>Mechanics
of Exercise</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">i. <U>Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon
Exercise</U>. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by
crediting the account of the Holder&rsquo;s or its designee&rsquo;s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit
or Withdrawal at Custodian system (&ldquo;<U>DWAC</U>&rdquo;) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A)&nbsp;there
is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder or (B)&nbsp;this
Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company&rsquo;s
share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to
such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading
Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii)&nbsp;one (1)&nbsp;Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise
Price to the Company and (iii)&nbsp;the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company
of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the &ldquo;<U>Warrant Share Delivery Date</U>&rdquo;). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise,
the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which
this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise
Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days and (ii)&nbsp;the
number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for
any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company
shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise
(based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading
Day on the third Trading Day after the Warrant Share Delivery Date) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until
such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant
in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, &ldquo;<U>Standard Settlement Period</U>&rdquo;
means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company&rsquo;s primary Trading Market with respect
to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any
Notice(s)&nbsp;of Exercise delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date, which may be delivered
at any time after the time of execution of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s)&nbsp;by
4:00 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date and the Initial Exercise Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date
for purposes hereunder, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received
by such Warrant Share Delivery Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">ii. <U>Delivery of New Warrants Upon
Exercise</U>. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this
Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder
to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with
this Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">iii. <U>Rescission Rights</U>. If the
Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;by the Warrant
Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">iv. <U>Compensation for Buy-In on Failure
to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</U>. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause
the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;above pursuant
to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in
an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder&rsquo;s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in
satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a &ldquo;<U>Buy-In</U>&rdquo;),
then the Company shall (A)&nbsp;pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x)&nbsp;the Holder&rsquo;s total purchase price
(including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y)&nbsp;the amount obtained by multiplying
(1)&nbsp;the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue
times (2)&nbsp;the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B)&nbsp;at the option of the
Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in
which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been
issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common
Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with
an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A)&nbsp;of the immediately preceding sentence
the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable
to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit
a Holder&rsquo;s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree
of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company&rsquo;s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock
upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">v. <U>No Fractional Shares or Scrip</U>.
No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of
a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a
cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to
the next whole share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">vi. <U>Charges, Taxes and Expenses</U>.
Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect
of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be
issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that, in
the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise
shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form&nbsp;attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition
thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer
Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established
clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares. For the avoidance
of doubt, nothing in this Section&nbsp;2(d)(vi)&nbsp;shall require the Company to deliver the Warrant Shares on a date earlier than the
Warrant Share Delivery Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">vii. <U>Closing of Books</U>. The Company
will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms
hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">e) <U>Holder&rsquo;s
Exercise Limitations</U>. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise
any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section&nbsp;2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise
as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder&rsquo;s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting
as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder&rsquo;s Affiliates (such Persons, &ldquo;<U>Attribution Parties</U>&rdquo;)),
would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the
number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number
of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude
the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i)&nbsp;exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant
beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii)&nbsp;exercise or conversion of the unexercised
or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject
to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its
Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section&nbsp;2(e), beneficial ownership
shall be calculated in accordance with Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder,
it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of
the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that
the limitation contained in this Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation
to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is
exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder&rsquo;s
determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates
and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation,
and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any
group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and the rules&nbsp;and
regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common
Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A)&nbsp;the Company&rsquo;s most recent
periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B)&nbsp;a more recent public announcement by the Company or
(C)&nbsp;a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.
Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the
number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after
giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution
Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The &ldquo;<U>Beneficial Ownership
Limitation</U>&rdquo; shall be [9.99/4.99]% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to
the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or
decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section&nbsp;2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in
no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares
of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;shall continue to apply.
Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company.
The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of
this Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended
Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such
limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>Section&nbsp;3.</U>&nbsp;<U>Certain
Adjustments</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">a) <U>Stock Dividends
and Splits</U>. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i)&nbsp;pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution
or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock
(which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii)&nbsp;subdivides
outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii)&nbsp;combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding
shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv)&nbsp;issues by reclassification of shares of the Common Stock any shares
of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall
be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the
denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable
upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged.
Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3(a)&nbsp;shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination
of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in
the case of a subdivision, combination or reclassification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">b) <U>Reserved</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">c) <U>Subsequent
Rights Offerings</U>. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section&nbsp;3(a)&nbsp;above, if at any time the Company grants, issues
or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders
of any class of shares of Common Stock (the &ldquo;<U>Purchase Rights</U>&rdquo;), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the
terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the
number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof,
including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant,
issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common
Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that, to the extent
that the Holder&rsquo;s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership
Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such
shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance
for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).
To the extent that this Warrant has not been partially or completely exercised at the time of grant of the Purchase Rights, such portion
of the Purchase Rights shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until the Holder has exercised this Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">d) <U>Pro Rata Distributions</U>.
During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets
(or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation,
any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement,
scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a &ldquo;<U>Distribution</U>&rdquo;), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant,
then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have
participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without
regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the
date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares
of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that, to the extent
that the Holder&rsquo;s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation,
then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares
of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the
benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership
Limitation). To the extent that this Warrant has not been partially or completely exercised at the time of such Distribution, such portion
of the Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until the Holder has exercised this Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">e) Fundamental
Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i)&nbsp;the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related
transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii)&nbsp;the Company or any Subsidiary,
directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially
all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, provided, however that the sale by the Company of any Subsidiary, other
than a Material Subsidiary, does not constitute a Fundamental Transaction (iii)&nbsp;any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender
offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted
to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of
the outstanding Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv)&nbsp;the Company, directly
or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock
or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities,
cash or property, or (v)&nbsp;the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase
agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme
of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding shares
of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each a &ldquo;<U>Fundamental Transaction</U>&rdquo;),
then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have
been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without
regard to any limitation in Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor
or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the &ldquo;<U>Alternate
Consideration</U>&rdquo;) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock
for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;on
the exercise of this Warrant). &ldquo;<U>Material Subsidiary</U>&rdquo; shall mean any subsidiary of the Company that is material to
the business and operations of the Company as described in the SEC Reports. For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the
Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration
issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price
among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration.
If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then
the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such
Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor
(the &ldquo;<U>Successor Entity</U>&rdquo;) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other
Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3(e)&nbsp;pursuant to written agreements in form and substance
reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and
shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by
a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares
of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon
exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and
with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative
value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number
of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately
prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder.
Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall be added to the term &ldquo;Company&rdquo; under
this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this
Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the &ldquo;Company&rdquo; shall refer instead to each of the Company and the
Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally
with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities shall
assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect
as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein. For the
avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3(e)&nbsp;regardless of (i)&nbsp;whether
the Company has sufficient authorized shares of Common Stock for the issuance of Warrant Shares and/or (ii)&nbsp;whether a Fundamental
Transaction occurs prior to the Initial Exercise Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">f) <U>Calculations</U>.
All calculations under this Section&nbsp;3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For
purposes of this Section&nbsp;3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be
the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">g) <U>Notice to
Holder</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">i. <U>Adjustment to Exercise Price</U>.
Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section&nbsp;3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder
by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares
and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">ii. <U>Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder</U>.
If (A)&nbsp;the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B)&nbsp;the Company
shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C)&nbsp;the Company shall authorize the granting
to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any
rights, (D)&nbsp;the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common
Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries) is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially
all of its assets, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or
(E)&nbsp;the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company,
then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its last email address as it shall appear upon the
Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice
stating (x)&nbsp;the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants,
or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions,
redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y)&nbsp;the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale,
transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common
Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon
such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any
defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice.
To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company
or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K.
The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date
of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>Section&nbsp;4.</U>&nbsp;<U>Transfer
of Warrant</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">a) <U>Transferability</U>.
This Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part,
upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this
Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any
transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute
and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations
specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so
assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required
to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall
surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3)&nbsp;Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to
the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder
for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">b) <U>New Warrants</U>.
This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together
with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent
or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section&nbsp;4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the
Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance
with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be
identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">c) <U>Warrant Register</U>.
The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the &ldquo;<U>Warrant Register</U>&rdquo;),
in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the
absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual
notice to the contrary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>Section&nbsp;5.</U>&nbsp;<U>Miscellaneous</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">a) <U>No Rights
as Stockholder Until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash</U>. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or
other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section&nbsp;2(d)(i), except as expressly set
forth in Section&nbsp;3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a &ldquo;cashless exercise&rdquo; pursuant
to Section&nbsp;2(c)&nbsp;or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;and Section&nbsp;2(d)(iv)&nbsp;herein, in
no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">b) <U>Loss, Theft,
Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant</U>. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory
to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case
of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include
the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make
and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">c) <U>Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays,&nbsp;etc.</U> If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or
granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business
Day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">d) <U>Authorized
Shares</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company covenants
that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number
of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further
covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the
necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action
as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation,
or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares
which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented
by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable
and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any
transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except and to the
extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate
of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or
any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all
times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate
to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the
Company will (i)&nbsp;not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately
prior to such increase in par value, (ii)&nbsp;take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly
and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii)&nbsp;use commercially reasonable
efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may
be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Before taking any
action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price,
the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory
body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">e) <U>Jurisdiction</U>.
All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be determined in accordance
with the provisions of the Purchase Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">f) <U>Restrictions</U>.
The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not
utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">g) <U>Nonwaiver
and Expenses</U>. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as
a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder&rsquo;s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this
Warrant or the Purchase Agreement, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results
in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and
expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder
in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">h) <U>Notices</U>.
Any notice, request or other document required or permitted to be given or delivered to the Holder by the Company shall be delivered in
accordance with the notice provisions of the Purchase Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">i) <U>Limitation
of Liability</U>. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant
Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase
price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the
Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">j) <U>Remedies</U>.
The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific
performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss
incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any
action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">k) <U>Successors
and Assigns</U>. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the
benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder.
The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable
by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">l) <U>Amendment</U>.
This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">m) <U>Severability</U>.
Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law,
but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the
extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">n) <U>Headings</U>.
The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">********************</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Signature Page&nbsp;Follows)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company
has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>APPLIED DNA SCIENCES,&nbsp;INC.</B></FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 47%; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>NOTICE OF EXERCISE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">TO:</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">APPLIED
DNA SCIENCES,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)&nbsp;The undersigned hereby
elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and
tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)&nbsp;Payment shall take
the form of (check applicable box):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT>&#8239;lawful
money of the United States; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT> if
permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection
2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise
procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(3)&nbsp;Please issue said
Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following
DWAC Account Number:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 18%"></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 40%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: justify; width: 42%">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 35%">Name of Investing Entity:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 65%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name of Authorized Signatory:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title of Authorized Signatory:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Date:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;B</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ASSIGNMENT FORM</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required
information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and
all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.75pt; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(Please Print)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(Please Print)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Phone Number:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Email Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Dated:&#8239;<U>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
    </U>&#8239;&#8239;<U>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</U>,
    <U>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</U></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Holder's Signature:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Holder's Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.2
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm244700d1_ex4-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.2
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 4.2</B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES FOR WHICH
THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE
IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE &ldquo;SECURITIES ACT&rdquo;), AND,
ACCORDINGLY, MAY&nbsp;NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT
TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE
WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY&nbsp;BE PLEDGED IN
CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>FORM&nbsp;OF
COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>APPLIED
DNA SCIENCES,&nbsp;INC.</B></FONT></P>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Warrant Shares:&nbsp;&nbsp;________</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Issue Date:&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>________</U>, 2024</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">THIS COMMON STOCK
PURCHASE WARRANT (the &ldquo;<U>Warrant</U>&rdquo;) certifies that, for value received, _____________ or its assigns (the
 &ldquo;<U>Holder</U>&rdquo;) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter
set forth, at any time on or after the Approval Effective Date (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) (the &ldquo;<U>Initial
Exercise Date</U>&rdquo;) and on or prior to 5:00 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on the fifth anniversary of the Approval Effective
Date (the &ldquo;<U>Termination Date</U>&rdquo;) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Applied DNA
Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), up to ______ shares (as subject to adjustment
hereunder, the &ldquo;<U>Warrant Shares</U>&rdquo;) of the Company&rsquo;s Common Stock. The purchase price of one share of Common
Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section&nbsp;2(b). For purposes hereof,
 &ldquo;<U>Shareholder Approval</U>&rdquo; means such approval, if required, by the applicable rules&nbsp;and regulations of the
Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (or any successor entity) from the shareholders of the Company with respect to the transactions contemplated
by the Transaction Documents, including the issuance of all of the Warrant Shares; and as further described in herein.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;1.</U>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Definitions</U>.
Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in that certain Securities Purchase Agreement
(the &ldquo;<U>Purchase Agreement</U>&rdquo;), dated January&nbsp;31, 2024, among the Company and the purchasers signatory thereto.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;2.</U></FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Exercise.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Exercise
of Warrant</U>. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on
or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted
by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the &ldquo;<U>Notice of Exercise</U>&rdquo;).
Within the earlier of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days and (ii)&nbsp;the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement
Period (as defined in Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate
Exercise Price for the shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier&rsquo;s check drawn on a United
States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section&nbsp;2(c)&nbsp;below is specified in the applicable Notice of
Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization)
of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically
surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has
been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3)&nbsp;Trading
Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases
of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant
Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall
maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection
to any Notice of Exercise within one (1)&nbsp;Business Day of receipt of such notice. <B>The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of
this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant
Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated
on the face hereof.</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Exercise
Price</U>. The exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $0.609, subject to adjustment hereunder (the &ldquo;<U>Exercise
Price</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Cashless
Exercise</U>. If at the time of exercise hereof there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained
therein is not available for the issuance or the resale of the Warrant Shares to or by the Holder, then this Warrant may also be exercised,
in whole or in part, at such time by means of a &ldquo;cashless exercise&rdquo; in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number
of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:</FONT></P>

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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(A)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">= as applicable: (i)&nbsp;the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1)&nbsp;both executed and delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2)&nbsp;both executed and delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; (as defined in Rule&nbsp;600(b)&nbsp;of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii)&nbsp;at the option of the Holder, either (y)&nbsp;the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z)&nbsp;the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (&ldquo;<U>Bloomberg</U>&rdquo;) as of the time of the Holder&rsquo;s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2)&nbsp;hours thereafter (including until two (2)&nbsp;hours after the close of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof or (iii)&nbsp;the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;hereof after the close of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on such Trading Day;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

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  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt; width: 8%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt; width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(B)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">= the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(X)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">= the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If Warrant Shares
are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section&nbsp;3(a)(9)&nbsp;of the Securities
Act, the holding period of the Warrant Shares being issued may be tacked on to the holding period of this Warrant. The Company agrees
not to take any position contrary to this Section&nbsp;2(c).</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Bid Price</U>&rdquo;
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading
Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m.&nbsp;(New York
City time) to 4:02 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time)), (b)&nbsp;if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price
of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is not
then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink Open Market (or a
similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock
so reported, or (d)&nbsp;in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser
selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the
Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>VWAP</U>&rdquo;
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date)
on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m.&nbsp;(New
York City time) to 4:02 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time)), (b)&nbsp;if the OTCQB Venture Market (&ldquo;OTCQB&rdquo;) or the OTCQX Best
Market (&ldquo;OTCQX&rdquo;) is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest
preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX
and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market (&ldquo;Pink Market&rdquo;) operated by the OTC Markets,&nbsp;Inc.
(or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common
Stock so reported, or (d)&nbsp;in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser
selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the
Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Mechanics
of Exercise</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">i.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Delivery
of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</U>. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer
Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder&rsquo;s or its designee&rsquo;s balance account with The Depository Trust Company
through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (&ldquo;<U>DWAC</U>&rdquo;) if the Company is then a participant in such system
and either (A)&nbsp;there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant
Shares by the Holder or (B)&nbsp;the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner-of-sale limitations
pursuant to Rule&nbsp;144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate or a book
entry statement, registered in the Company&rsquo;s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant
Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the
date that is the earliest of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii)&nbsp;one
(1)&nbsp;Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii)&nbsp;the number of Trading Days comprising
the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the &ldquo;<U>Warrant Share Delivery
Date</U>&rdquo;). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder
of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant
Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier
of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days and (ii)&nbsp;the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery
of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise
by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each
$1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise),
$10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the third Trading Day after the Warrant Share Delivery Date) for each Trading
Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees
to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As
used herein, &ldquo;<U>Standard Settlement Period</U>&rdquo; means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days,
on the Company&rsquo;s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ii.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Delivery
of New Warrants Upon Exercise</U>. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and
upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing
the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects
be identical with this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">iii.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Rescission
Rights</U>. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;by
the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">iv.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Compensation
for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</U>. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if
the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;above
pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase
(in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder&rsquo;s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver
in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a &ldquo;<U>Buy-In</U>&rdquo;),
then the Company shall (A)&nbsp;pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x)&nbsp;the Holder&rsquo;s total purchase price
(including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y)&nbsp;the amount obtained by multiplying
(1)&nbsp;the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue
times (2)&nbsp;the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B)&nbsp;at the option of the
Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in
which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been
issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common
Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with
an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A)&nbsp;of the immediately preceding sentence
the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable
to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit
a Holder&rsquo;s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree
of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company&rsquo;s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock
upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">v.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Fractional Shares or Scrip</U>. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this
Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall,
at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the
Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">vi.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Charges,
Taxes and Expenses</U>. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental
expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant
Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>,
that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for
exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form&nbsp;attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as
a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all
Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another
established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares. For the
avoidance of doubt, nothing in this Section&nbsp;2(d)(vi)&nbsp;shall require the Company to deliver the Warrant Shares on a date earlier
than the Warrant Share Delivery Date.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">vii.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Closing
of Books</U>. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant,
pursuant to the terms hereof.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Holder&rsquo;s
Exercise Limitations</U>. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise
any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section&nbsp;2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise
as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder&rsquo;s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting
as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder&rsquo;s Affiliates (such Persons, &ldquo;<U>Attribution Parties</U>&rdquo;)),
would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the
number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number
of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude
the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i)&nbsp;exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant
beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii)&nbsp;exercise or conversion of the unexercised
or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject
to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its
Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section&nbsp;2(e), beneficial ownership
shall be calculated in accordance with Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder,
it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of
the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that
the limitation contained in this Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation
to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is
exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder&rsquo;s
determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates
and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation,
and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any
group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and the rules&nbsp;and
regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common
Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A)&nbsp;the Company&rsquo;s most recent
periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B)&nbsp;a more recent public announcement by the Company or
(C)&nbsp;a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.
Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the
number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after
giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution
Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The &ldquo;<U>Beneficial Ownership
Limitation</U>&rdquo; shall be [9.99/4.99]% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to
the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or
decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section&nbsp;2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in
no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares
of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;shall continue to apply.
Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company.
The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of
this Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended
Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such
limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Common Stock Issuance Prior to Shareholder Approval</U>. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, until the Company shall have
obtained the Shareholder Approval, the Company shall not issue any shares of Common Stock upon any exercise of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;3.</U></FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Certain
Adjustments</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Stock
Dividends and Splits</U>. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i)&nbsp;pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes
a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of
Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this
Warrant), (ii)&nbsp;subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii)&nbsp;combines (including by way
of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv)&nbsp;issues by reclassification of
shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction
of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before
such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the
number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this
Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3(a)&nbsp;shall become effective immediately after the
record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately
after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or reclassification.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Reserved.</U></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Subsequent
Rights Offerings</U>. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section&nbsp;3(a)&nbsp;above, if at any time the Company grants, issues
or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders
of any class of shares of Common Stock (the &ldquo;<U>Purchase Rights</U>&rdquo;), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the
terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the
number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof,
including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant,
issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common
Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that, to the extent
that the Holder&rsquo;s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership
Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such
shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance
for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).
To the extent that this Warrant has not been partially or completely exercised at the time of grant of the Purchase Rights, such portion
of the Purchase Rights shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until the Holder has exercised this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Pro
Rata Distributions</U>. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution
of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including,
without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification,
corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a &ldquo;<U>Distribution</U>&rdquo;), at any time after
the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent
that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise
of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation)
immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the
record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>,
that, to the extent that the Holder&rsquo;s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial
Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership
of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance
for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership
Limitation). To the extent that this Warrant has not been partially or completely exercised at the time of such Distribution, such portion
of the Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until the Holder has exercised this Warrant.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Fundamental
Transaction</U>. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i)&nbsp;the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related
transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii)&nbsp;the Company (or any Subsidiary),
directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially
all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, provided, however that the sale by the Company of any Subsidiary, other
than a Material Subsidiary, does not constitute a Fundamental Transaction, (iii)&nbsp;any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender
offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted
to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of
the outstanding Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv)&nbsp;the Company, directly or
indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or
any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash
or property, or (v)&nbsp;the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase
agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme
of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding shares
of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each a &ldquo;<U>Fundamental Transaction</U>&rdquo;),
then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have
been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without
regard to any limitation in Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor
or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the &ldquo;<U>Alternate
Consideration</U>&rdquo;) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for
which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section&nbsp;2(e)&nbsp;on
the exercise of this Warrant). &ldquo;<U>Material Subsidiary</U>&rdquo; shall mean any subsidiary of the Company that is material to the
business and operations of the Company as described in the SEC Reports. For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise
Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable
in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the
Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration.
If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then
the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such
Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor
Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder&rsquo;s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the
consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction),
purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of
the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however,
that, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company&rsquo;s control, including not approved by the Company&rsquo;s Board of
Directors, the Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity the same type or form of consideration
(and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to
the holders of Common Stock of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of
cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Common Stock are given the choice to receive from among alternative
forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; <U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>, that if holders of Common Stock
of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Common Stock will be deemed
to have received common stock of the Successor Entity (which Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such
Fundamental Transaction. &ldquo;<U>Black Scholes Value</U>&rdquo; means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing
Model obtained from the &ldquo;OV&rdquo; function on Bloomberg determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable Fundamental
Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A)&nbsp;a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period
equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination
Date, (B)&nbsp;an expected volatility equal to the greater of (1)&nbsp;the 30 day volatility, (2)&nbsp;the 100 day volatility or (3)&nbsp;the
365 day volatility, each of clauses (1)-(3)&nbsp;as obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization
factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C)&nbsp;the
underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately
preceding the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental
Transaction, if earlier) and ending on the Trading Day of the Holder&rsquo;s request pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3(e)&nbsp;and (D)&nbsp;a
remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction
and the Termination Date and (E)&nbsp;a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately
available funds (or such other consideration) within the later of (i)&nbsp;five Business Days of the Holder&rsquo;s election and (ii)&nbsp;the
date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which
the Company is not the survivor (the &ldquo;<U>Successor Entity</U>&rdquo;) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company
under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3(e)&nbsp;pursuant to written
agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to
such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of
the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable
for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common
Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior
to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock
(but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such
shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic
value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in
form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall be added to the
term &ldquo;Company&rdquo; under this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation of such Fundamental Transaction,
each and every provision of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the &ldquo;Company&rdquo; shall refer instead
to each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities,
jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the Successor Entity or Successor
Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with
the same effect as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company
herein. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3(e)&nbsp;regardless
of (i)&nbsp;whether the Company has sufficient authorized shares of Common Stock for the issuance of Warrant Shares and/or (ii)&nbsp;whether
a Fundamental Transaction occurs prior to the Initial Exercise Date.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Calculations</U>.
All calculations under this Section&nbsp;3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For
purposes of this Section&nbsp;3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be
the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice
to Holder</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">i.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Adjustment
to Exercise Price</U>. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section&nbsp;3, the Company shall promptly
deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number
of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ii.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice
to Allow Exercise by Holder</U>. If (A)&nbsp;the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the
Common Stock, (B)&nbsp;the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C)&nbsp;the
Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of
capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D)&nbsp;the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection
with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries) is a party,
any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted
into other securities, cash or property, or (E)&nbsp;the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation
or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its
last email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record
or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x)&nbsp;the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend,
distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock
of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y)&nbsp;the date on
which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the
date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock
for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange;
provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the
corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains,
material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with
the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period
commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set
forth herein.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;4.</U></FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transfer
of Warrant</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transferability</U>.
Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws and the conditions set forth in Section&nbsp;4(d)&nbsp;hereof and to the provisions
of Section&nbsp;4.1 of the Purchase Agreement, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration
rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated
agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its
agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if
required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable,
and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing
the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary,
the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full,
in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3)&nbsp;Trading Days of the date on which the Holder
delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may
be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>New
Warrants</U>. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company,
together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or
its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section&nbsp;4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination,
the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance
with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be
identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Warrant
Register</U>. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the &ldquo;<U>Warrant
Register</U>&rdquo;), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder
of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other
purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transfer
Restrictions</U>. If, at the time of the surrender of this Warrant in connection with any transfer of this Warrant, the transfer of this
Warrant shall not be either (i)&nbsp;registered pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and under applicable
state securities or blue sky laws or (ii)&nbsp;eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information
requirements pursuant to Rule&nbsp;144, the Company may require, as a condition of allowing such transfer, that the Holder or transferee
of this Warrant, as the case may be, comply with the provisions of Section&nbsp;4.1 of the Purchase Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Representation
by the Holder</U>. The Holder, by the acceptance hereof, represents and warrants that it is acquiring this Warrant and, upon any exercise
hereof, will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise, for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or
reselling such Warrant Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, except pursuant
to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&nbsp;5.</U></FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Miscellaneous</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash</U>. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends
or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section&nbsp;2(d)(i), except as expressly
set forth in Section&nbsp;3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a &ldquo;cashless exercise&rdquo; pursuant
to Section&nbsp;2(c)&nbsp;or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(d)(i)&nbsp;and Section&nbsp;2(d)(iv)&nbsp;herein, in
no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Loss,
Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant</U>. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory
to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case
of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include
the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make
and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays,&nbsp;etc</U>. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or
granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business
Day.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Authorized
Shares</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company covenants
that, following the Initial Exercise Date and during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued
Common Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights
under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who
are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company
will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation
of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company
covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon
exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized,
validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue
thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Except and to the
extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate
of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or
any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all
times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate
to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the
Company will (i)&nbsp;not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately
prior to such increase in par value, (ii)&nbsp;take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly
and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii)&nbsp;use commercially reasonable
efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may
be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Before taking any
action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price,
the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory
body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Governing
Law</U>. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and
construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of
law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions
contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders,
partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York.
Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough
of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed
herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally
subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding.
Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding
by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address
in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and
notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted
by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in
such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and other costs and
expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Restrictions</U>.
The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not
utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Nonwaiver
and Expenses</U>. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as
a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder&rsquo;s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this
Warrant or the Purchase Agreement, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results
in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and
expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder
in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notices</U>.
Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice
of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed
to the Company, at Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790, Attention: Beth Jantzen, email address:
beth.jantzen@adnas.com, or such other email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders.
Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally,
by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such
Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective
on the earliest of (i)&nbsp;the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set
forth in this Section&nbsp;prior to 5:30 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on any date, (ii)&nbsp;the next Trading Day after the time of
transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section&nbsp;on a day that
is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii)&nbsp;the second Trading Day following
the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv)&nbsp;upon actual receipt by the party to
whom such notice is required to be given. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public
information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant
to a Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Limitation
of Liability</U>. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant
Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase
price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the
Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">j)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Remedies</U>.
The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific
performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss
incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any
action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">k)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Successors
and Assigns</U>. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the
benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder.
The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable
by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">l)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Amendment</U>.
This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">m)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Severability</U>.
Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law,
but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the
extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">n)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Headings</U>.
The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">********************</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><I>(Signature Page&nbsp;Follows)</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company
has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">APPLIED DNA SCIENCES,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 42%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>NOTICE
OF EXERCISE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">TO:</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">APPLIED
DNA SCIENCES,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised
in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Payment
shall take the form of (check applicable box):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT>
lawful money of the United States; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT>
if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in
subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless
exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Please
issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 3in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following
DWAC Account Number:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 3in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Accredited
Investor</U>. The undersigned is an &ldquo;accredited investor&rdquo; as defined in Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; width: 17%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name of Investing Entity:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 83%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt"></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; width: 20%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><I>Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity: </I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; width: 80%"></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; width: 18%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name of Authorized Signatory: </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; width: 82%"></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; width: 18%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title of Authorized Signatory: </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; width: 82%"></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Date:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; width: 95%"></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;B</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>ASSIGNMENT
FORM</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this
form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)<BR>
</I>FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.75pt; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(Please Print)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(Please Print)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Phone Number:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Email Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Dated: _______________ __, ______</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Holder&rsquo;s Signature:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Holder&rsquo;s Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>tm244700d1_ex5-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; margin: 0">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="tm244700d1_ex5-1img004.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">January&nbsp;31, 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">50 Health Sciences Drive</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Stony Brook, New York 11790</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Re:&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Registered Direct Offering</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We have acted as legal counsel to Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<B>Company</B>&rdquo;), in connection with the preparation and filing with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the &ldquo;<B>Commission</B>&rdquo;) of a prospectus supplement, dated January&nbsp;31, 2024 (the &ldquo;<B>Prospectus Supplement</B>&rdquo;),
to be filed by the Company with the Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Securities Act</B>&rdquo;),
to a Registration Statement (File No.&nbsp;333-272267) on Form&nbsp;S-3 (the &ldquo;<B>Registration Statement</B>&rdquo;), which includes
a base prospectus (the &ldquo;<B>Base Prospectus</B>,&rdquo; and such Base Prospectus as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, the
 &ldquo;<B>Prospectus</B>&rdquo;). The Prospectus relates to the registration under the Securities Act (the &ldquo;<B>Offering</B>&rdquo;)
of (i)&nbsp;up to 3,228,056 shares (the &ldquo;<B>Shares</B>&rdquo;) of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the
 &ldquo;<B>Common Stock</B>&rdquo;); (ii)&nbsp;up to 2,416,005 warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock at an exercise price equal to
$0.0001 per share (the &ldquo;<B>Pre-Funded Warrants</B>&rdquo;); and (iii)&nbsp;up to 2,416,005 shares of Common Stock underlying the
Pre-Funded Warrants (the &ldquo;<B>Warrant Shares</B>&rdquo;), to be offered and sold pursuant to that certain Securities Purchase Agreement
dated January&nbsp;31, 2024 between the Company and the investor parties thereto (the &ldquo;<B>Securities Purchase Agreement</B>&rdquo;).
The Securities Purchase Agreement will be filed as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K and incorporated by reference into
the Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In our capacity as counsel, you have requested that we render the opinions
set forth in this letter and we are furnishing this opinion letter to you pursuant to the requirements of Item 601(b)(5)&nbsp;of Regulation
S-K under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In connection herewith, we have examined originals or copies, certified
or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of (i)&nbsp;the Registration Statement and Prospectus as filed with the Commission; (ii)&nbsp;the
Securities Purchase Agreement; (iii)&nbsp;the Company&rsquo;s articles of incorporation, as amended to date; (iv)&nbsp;the Company&rsquo;s
bylaws, as amended to date; (v)&nbsp;resolutions of the board of directors and the pricing committee of the Company relating to the Offering;
and (vi)&nbsp;such other documents as we have deemed necessary or appropriate for purposes of rendering the opinion set forth herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In rendering the opinions set forth below, we have assumed that (i)&nbsp;all
information contained in all documents reviewed by us is true and correct; (ii)&nbsp;all signatures on all documents examined by us are
genuine; (iii)&nbsp;all documents submitted to us as originals are authentic and all documents submitted to us as copies conform to the
originals of those documents; (iv)&nbsp;each natural person signing any document reviewed by us had the legal capacity to do so; and (v)&nbsp;any
certificates representing the Pre-Funded Warrants to be issued pursuant to the Offering will be duly executed and delivered. As to any
facts material to the opinions expressed herein, which were not independently established or verified, we have relied upon statements
and representations of officers and other representatives of the Company and others.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Based upon the foregoing, and having due regard for such legal considerations
as we deem relevant, we are of the opinion that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">(i)&nbsp;the Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued
and delivered by the Company in accordance with the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement and upon receipt by the Company of the
consideration therefor provided therein, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">(ii)&nbsp;the Pre-Funded Warrants, when the Pre-Funded Warrants
have been duly executed in accordance with their terms and issued and delivered in accordance with the terms of the Securities Purchase
Agreement upon payment of the consideration therefor provided therein, will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable
against the Company in accordance with their terms; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">(iii)&nbsp;the Warrant Shares have been duly authorized and,
if issued upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants against payment therefor in accordance with the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrants, would
be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In addition, our opinion above is subject to: (i)&nbsp;the effect of
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent conveyance, moratorium or other similar laws now or hereafter in effect relating to
or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors; (ii)&nbsp;the effect of general principles of equity, including without limitation,
concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing and the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive
relief, regardless of whether enforcement is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law, and the discretion of the court before which
any proceeding therefore may be brought; (iii)&nbsp;the unenforceability under certain circumstances under law or court decisions of provisions
providing for the indemnification of, or contribution to, a party with respect to a liability where such indemnification or contribution
is contrary to public policy; (iv)&nbsp;the rights or remedies available to any party for violations or breaches of any provisions of
the Pre-Funded Warrants that are immaterial or the enforcement of which would be unreasonable under the then existing circumstances; (v)&nbsp;the
rights or remedies available to any party for material violations or breaches that are the proximate result of actions taken by any party
to the Pre-Funded Warrants other than the party against whom enforcement is sought, which actions such other party is not entitled to
take pursuant to the Pre-Funded Warrants, or that otherwise violate applicable laws; (vi)&nbsp;the rights or remedies available to any
party that takes discretionary action that is arbitrary, unreasonable or capricious, or is not taken in good faith or in a commercially
reasonable manner, whether or not the Pre-Funded Warrants permit such action; or (vii)&nbsp;the effect of the exercise of judicial discretion,
whether in a proceeding in equity or at law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The foregoing opinions are limited to the substantive laws of the State
of New York, and we do not express any opinion herein concerning any other law. We express no opinion as to compliance with any federal
or state securities laws, including the securities laws of the State of New York or as to federal or state laws regarding fraudulent transfers.
We assume no obligation to supplement this opinion if any applicable law changes after the date hereof or if we become aware of any fact
that might change the opinion expressed herein after the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to a
Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K to be filed by the Company on the date hereof and its incorporation by reference into the Registration
Statement and further consent to the reference to our name under the caption &ldquo;Legal Matters&rdquo; in the Prospectus, which is a
part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required
under Section&nbsp;7 of the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">Very truly yours,</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><I>/s/ McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP</I></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD ROWSPAN="4" STYLE="width: 25%"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt"><IMG SRC="image_005.jpg" ALT=""></FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 75%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>One Vanderbilt Avenue &#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;New
    York NY 10017-3852 &#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Tel +1 212 547 5400 &#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Fax +1 212 547 5444</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><I>US practice conducted through
    McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP.</I></FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TYPE>EX-10.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>tm244700d1_ex10-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 10.1
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 10.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>PLACEMENT
AGENCY AGREEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">January&nbsp;31, 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Maxim Group LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">300 Park Avenue, 16th Floor</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">New York, NY 10022</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the terms and conditions
herein (this &ldquo;<U>Agreement</U>&rdquo;),Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;),
hereby agrees to sell up to an aggregate of $3,437,233.15 of registered and unregistered securities of the Company, including, but not
limited to, an aggregate of 3,228,056 registered shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock (the &ldquo;<U>Shares</U>&rdquo;) par value
$0.001 per share (the &ldquo;<U>Common Stock</U>&rdquo;), 2,416,005 registered pre-funded common stock purchase warrants to purchase shares
of Common Stock (the &ldquo;<U>Pre-Funded Warrants</U>&rdquo;), and unregistered common stock purchase warrants to purchase up to an aggregate
of 11,288,122 shares of Common Stock (the &ldquo;<U>Common Warrants</U>&rdquo;, which together with the Pre-Funded Warrants are the &ldquo;<U>Warrants</U>&rdquo;,
and the Common Stock underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants, the &ldquo;<U>Warrant Shares</U>&rdquo;, and the Shares,
the Warrants and the Warrant Shares, the &ldquo;<U>Securities</U>&rdquo;) directly to various investors (each, an &ldquo;<U>Investor</U>&rdquo;
and, collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Investors</U>&rdquo;) through Maxim Group LLC as placement agent (the &ldquo;<U>Placement Agent</U>&rdquo;).
The documents executed and delivered by the Company and the Investors in connection with the Offering (as defined below), including, without
limitation, a securities purchase agreement (the &ldquo;<U>Purchase Agreement</U>&rdquo;), shall be collectively referred to herein as
the &ldquo;<U>Transaction Documents</U>.&rdquo; The purchase price to the Investors for each Share is $0.609, the purchase price to the
Investors for each Pre-Funded Warrant is $0.6089, the exercise price to the Investors for each share of Common Stock issuable upon exercise
of the Pre-Funded Warrants is $0.0001, and the exercise price to the Investors for each share of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of
the Common Warrants is $0.609. The Placement Agent may retain other brokers or dealers to act as sub-agents or selected-dealers on its
behalf in connection with the Offering. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth for
them in the Purchase Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company hereby confirms
its agreement with the Placement Agent as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;1.</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Agreement
to Act as Placement Agent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">On
the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements of the Company herein contained, and subject to all the terms and conditions
of this Agreement, the Placement Agent shall be the exclusive placement agent in connection with the offering and sale by the Company
of the Shares and the Pre-Funded Warrants pursuant to the Company&rsquo;s registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 (File No.&nbsp;333-272267)
(the &ldquo;<U>Registration Statement</U>&rdquo;), with a concurrent private placement of the Common Warrants, with the terms of such
offering (the &ldquo;<U>Offering</U>&rdquo;) to be subject to market conditions and negotiations between the Company, the Placement Agent
and the prospective Investors. The Placement Agent will act on a reasonable best efforts basis and the Company agrees and acknowledges
that there is no guarantee of the successful placement of the Securities, or any portion thereof, in the prospective Offering. Under
no circumstances will the Placement Agent or any of its &ldquo;Affiliates&rdquo; (as defined below) be obligated to underwrite or purchase
any of the Securities for its own account or otherwise provide any financing. The Placement Agent shall act solely as the Company&rsquo;s
agent and not as principal. The Placement Agent shall have no authority to bind the Company with respect to any prospective offer to
purchase Securities and the Company shall have the sole right to accept offers to purchase Securities and may reject any such offer,
in whole or in part. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, payment of the purchase price for, and delivery of, the Securities shall
be made the closing of the Offering (&ldquo;<U>Closing</U>&rdquo; and the date on which Closing occurs, the &ldquo;<U>Closing Date</U>&rdquo;).
The Closing of the issuance of the Shares shall occur via &ldquo;Delivery Versus Payment&rdquo;, i.e., on the Closing Date, the Company
shall issue the Shares directly to the account designated by the Placement Agent and, upon receipt of such Shares, the Placement Agent
shall electronically deliver such Shares to the applicable Investor and payment shall be made by the Placement Agent (or its clearing
firm) by wire transfer to the Company. As compensation for services rendered, on the Closing Date, the Company shall pay to the Placement
Agent the fees and expenses set forth below:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">A
cash fee equal to 6.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds received by the Company from the sale of the Securities at Closing.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company also agrees to reimburse Placement Agent&rsquo;s expenses up to a maximum of $50,000, unless otherwise agreed by the Company and
the Placement Agent, payable immediately upon the Closing of the Offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
term of the Placement Agent&rsquo;s exclusive engagement shall be until the earlier of (i)&nbsp;the final closing date of the Offering
and (ii)&nbsp;30 days from the date hereof (in the case of (ii), provided no Purchase Agreement has been executed). Notwithstanding anything
to the contrary contained herein, the provisions concerning confidentiality, indemnification and contribution contained herein and the
Company&rsquo;s obligations contained in the indemnification provisions will survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement,
and the Company&rsquo;s obligation to pay fees actually earned and payable and to reimburse expenses actually incurred and reimbursable
pursuant to Section&nbsp;1 hereof and which are permitted to be reimbursed under FINRA Rule&nbsp;5110(g)(4)(A), will survive any expiration
or termination of this Agreement, provided, however, that if for any reason an Offering is not consummated, then the obligation of the
Company to reimburse the Placement Agent for expenses shall not exceed $20,000 in the aggregate. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed
to limit the ability of the Placement Agent or its Affiliates to pursue, investigate, analyze, invest in, or engage in investment banking,
financial advisory or any other business relationship with Persons (as defined below) other than the Company. As used herein (i)&nbsp;&ldquo;Persons&rdquo;
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company,
joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind and (ii)&nbsp;&ldquo;Affiliate&rdquo;
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule&nbsp;405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>Securities
Act</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Representations,
Warranties and Covenants of the Company. </FONT></B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The Company hereby represents, warrants and covenants
to the Placement Agent as of the date hereof, and as of the Closing Date, as follows:</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Securities
Law Filings</U>. The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<U>Commission</U>&rdquo;) the Registration
Statement under the Securities Act, which was filed on May&nbsp;30, 2023, and declared effective on June&nbsp;6, 2023 for the registration
of the Shares and the Pre-Funded Warrants under the Securities Act. Such registration statement meets the requirements set forth in Rule&nbsp;415(a)(1)(x)&nbsp;under
the Securities Act and complies with said rule. Following the determination of pricing among the Company and the prospective Investors
introduced to the Company by Placement Agent, the Company will file with the Commission pursuant to Rules&nbsp;430A and 424(b)&nbsp;under
the Securities Act, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations (the &ldquo;<U>Rules&nbsp;and Regulations</U>&rdquo;) of the Commission promulgated
thereunder, a prospectus supplement relating to the placement of the Shares and the Pre-Funded Warrants, their respective pricings and
the plan of distribution thereof and will advise the Placement Agent of all further information (financial and other) with respect to
the Company required to be set forth therein. Such registration statement, at any given time, including the exhibits thereto filed at
such time, as amended at such time, is hereinafter called the &ldquo;<U>Registration Statement</U>&rdquo;; such prospectus in the form
in which it appears in the Registration Statement at the time of effectiveness is hereinafter called the &ldquo;<U>Base Prospectus</U>&rdquo;;
and the prospectus supplement, in the form in which it will be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rules&nbsp;430A and/or 424(b)&nbsp;is
hereinafter called the &ldquo;<U>Prospectus Supplement</U>.&rdquo; Any reference in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the
Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein (the
 &ldquo;<U>Incorporated Documents</U>&rdquo;), if any, which were or are filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
 &ldquo;<U>Exchange Act</U>&rdquo;), at any given time, as the case may be; and any reference in this Agreement to the terms &ldquo;amend,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;amendment&rdquo; or &ldquo;supplement&rdquo; with respect to the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus
Supplement shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing of any document under the Exchange Act after the date of this Agreement,
or the issue date of the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be, deemed to be incorporated therein by reference.
All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information which is &ldquo;contained,&rdquo; &ldquo;included,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;described,&rdquo; &ldquo;referenced,&rdquo; &ldquo;set forth&rdquo; or &ldquo;stated&rdquo; in the Registration Statement, the
Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial
statements and schedules and other information which is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the
Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be. As used in this paragraph and elsewhere in this Agreement, &ldquo;<U>Time
of Sale Disclosure Package</U>&rdquo; means the Base Prospectus, any securities purchase agreement between the Company and the Investors,
the final terms of the Offering provided to the Investors (orally or in writing) and any issuer free writing prospectus as defined in
Rule&nbsp;433 of the Act (each, an &ldquo;<U>Issuer Free Writing Prospectus</U>&rdquo;), if any, that the parties hereto shall hereafter
expressly agree in writing to treat as part of the Time of Sale Disclosure Package. The term &ldquo;<U>any Prospectus</U>&rdquo; shall
mean, as the context requires, the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement, and any supplement to either thereof. The Company has not
received any notice that the Commission has issued or intends to issue a stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement
or the use of the Base Prospectus or any prospectus supplement or intends to commence a proceeding for any such purpose.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Assurances</U>.
The Registration Statement, as amended, (and any further documents to be filed with the Commission) contains all exhibits and schedules
as required by the Securities Act. Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it became
effective, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act and the applicable Rules&nbsp;and Regulations and did not contain
any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading. The Prospectus Supplement, as of its date, compiled or will comply in all material respects with the Securities
Act and the applicable Rules&nbsp;and Regulations. The Prospectus Supplement, as amended or supplemented, did not and will not contain
as of the date thereof any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements
therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Incorporated Documents, when they were filed with
the Commission, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the applicable Rules&nbsp;and Regulations
promulgated thereunder, and none of such documents, when they were filed with the Commission, contained any untrue statement of a material
fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein (with respect to Incorporated Documents incorporated
by reference in the Prospectus Supplement), in light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading. No post-effective
amendment to the Registration Statement reflecting any facts or events arising after the date thereof which represent, individually or
in the aggregate, a fundamental change in the information set forth therein is required to be filed with the Commission. Except for this
Agreement and the Transaction Documents, there are no documents required to be filed with the Commission in connection with the transaction
contemplated hereby that (x)&nbsp;have not been filed as required pursuant to the Securities Act or (y)&nbsp;will not be filed within
the requisite time period. Except for this Agreement and the Transaction Documents, there are no contracts or other documents required
to be described in the Prospectus Supplement, or to be filed as exhibits or schedules to the Registration Statement, which have not been
described or filed as required.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Offering
Materials</U>. Neither the Company nor any of its directors and officers has distributed and none of them will distribute, prior to the
Closing Date, any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities other than the Time of Sale Disclosure
Package.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Authorization;
Enforcement</U>. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement and the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution
and delivery of each of this Agreement by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have
been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Company&rsquo;s
Board of Directors (the &ldquo;<U>Board of Directors</U>&rdquo;) or the Company&rsquo;s shareholders in connection therewith other than
in connection with the Required Approvals (as defined in the Purchase Agreement). This Agreement has been duly executed by the Company
and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against
the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i)&nbsp;as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors&rsquo; rights generally, (ii)&nbsp;as
limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii)&nbsp;insofar
as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Conflicts</U>. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated pursuant to
the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated
hereby and thereby to which it is a party do not and will not (i)&nbsp;conflict with or violate any provision of the Company&rsquo;s or
any Subsidiary&rsquo;s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii)&nbsp;conflict
with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation
of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment,
acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument
(evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by
which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii)&nbsp;subject to the Required Approvals, conflict
with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental
authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any
property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii)&nbsp;and (iii), such
as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Certificates</U>.
Any certificate signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to the Placement Agent or to counsel for the Placement Agent shall be
deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company to the Placement Agent as to the matters set forth therein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Reliance</U>.
The Company acknowledges that the Placement Agent will rely upon the accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations and warranties
and hereby consents to such reliance.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Forward-Looking
Statements</U>. No forward-looking statements (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;27A of the Securities Act and Section&nbsp;21E of the
Exchange Act) contained in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package have been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or have been disclosed
other than in good faith.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Statistical
or Market-Related Data</U>. Any statistical, industry-related and market-related data included or incorporated by reference in the Time
of Sale Disclosure Package, are based on or derived from sources that the Company reasonably and in good faith believes to be reliable
and accurate, and such data agree with the sources from which they are derived.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(j)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Certain
Fees; FINRA Affiliations</U>. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and Prospectus Supplement, no brokerage or finder&rsquo;s
fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company, any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company to any broker, financial advisor
or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents. There are no other arrangements, agreements or understandings of the Company or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any of its
shareholders that may affect the Placement Agent&rsquo;s compensation, as determined by FINRA. Other than payments to the Placement Agent
for this Offering or as set forth in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, the Company has not made and has no agreements, arrangements
or understanding to make any direct or indirect payments (in cash, securities or otherwise) to: (i)&nbsp;any person, as a finder&rsquo;s
fee, consulting fee or otherwise, in consideration of such person raising capital for the Company or introducing to the Company persons
who raised or provided capital to the Company; (ii)&nbsp;any FINRA member participating in the offering as defined in FINRA Rule&nbsp;5110
(a &ldquo;Participating Member&rdquo;); or (iii)&nbsp;any person or entity that has any direct or indirect affiliation or association
with any Participating Member, within the 180-day period preceding the initial filing of the Registration Statement through the 60-day
period after the Closing Date. None of the net proceeds of the Offering will be paid by the Company to any Participating Member or its
affiliates, except as specifically authorized herein. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, no officer, director or any beneficial owner of
5% or more of the Company&rsquo;s Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) has any direct
or indirect affiliation or association with any Participating Member in the Offering. Except for securities purchased on the open market,
no Company Affiliate is an owner of stock or other securities of any Participating Member. No Company Affiliate has made a subordinated
loan to any Participating Member. No proceeds from the sale of the Securities (excluding Placement Agent compensation as disclosed in
the Registration Statement and the Prospectus) will be paid to any Participating Member, any persons associated with a Participating Member
or an affiliate of a Participating Member. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, the Company has not issued any warrants or other securities
or granted any options, directly or indirectly, to the Placement Agent within the 180-day period prior to the initial filing date of the
Prospectus. Except for securities issued to the Placement Agent as disclosed in the Prospectus, no person to whom securities of the Company
have been privately issued within the 180-day period prior to the initial filing date of the Prospectus is a Participating Member, is
a person associated with a Participating Member or is an affiliate of a Participating Member. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, no Participating
Member in the Offering has a conflict of interest with the Company. For this purpose, a &ldquo;conflict of interest&rdquo; exists when
a Participating Member, the parent or affiliate of a Participating Member or any person associated with a Participating Member in the
aggregate beneficially own 5% or more of the Company&rsquo;s outstanding subordinated debt or common equity, or 5% or more of the Company&rsquo;s
preferred equity. &ldquo;FINRA member participating in the Offering&rdquo; includes any associated person of a Participating Member in
the Offering, any member of such associated person&rsquo;s immediate family and any affiliate of a Participating Member in the Offering.
When used in this Section&nbsp;3.1(j)&nbsp;the term &ldquo;affiliate of a FINRA member&rdquo; or &ldquo;affiliated with a FINRA member&rdquo;
means an entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with a FINRA member. The Company will advise the Placement
Agent and its legal counsel, Harter Secrest&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP (the &ldquo;<U>Placement Agent Counsel</U>&rdquo;) if it learns that
any officer, director or owner of 5% or more of the Company&rsquo;s outstanding Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents is or becomes
an affiliate or associated person of a Participating Member.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(k)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Board
of Directors</U>. The Board of Directors is comprised of the persons set forth under the heading of the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report
on Form&nbsp;10-K captioned &ldquo;Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.&rdquo; The qualifications of the persons serving
as board members and the overall composition of the Board of Directors comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules&nbsp;promulgated
thereunder applicable to the Company and the rules&nbsp;of the Nasdaq Capital Market (the &ldquo;<U>Trading Market</U>&rdquo;). In addition,
at least a majority of the persons serving on the Board of Directors qualify as &ldquo;independent&rdquo; as defined under the rules&nbsp;of
the Trading Market.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(l)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>D&amp;O
Questionnaires</U>. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, all information contained in the questionnaires most recently completed by each
of the Company&rsquo;s directors and officers is true and correct in all respects and the Company has not become aware of any information
which would cause the information disclosed in such questionnaires to become inaccurate and incorrect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(m)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Private
Placement; No General Solicitation</U>. Assuming the accuracy of the Investors&rsquo; representations and warranties set forth in Purchase
Agreement, no registration under the Securities Act is required for the offer and sale of the Common Warrants and Common Stock underlying
the Common Warrants by the Company to the Investors as contemplated hereby. The issuance and sale of the Securities pursuant to the Transaction
Documents does not contravene the rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Trading Market. Neither the Company nor any Person acting on behalf
of the Company has offered or sold any of the Common Warrants or Common Stock underlying the Common Warrants by any form of general solicitation
or general advertising. The Company has offered the Securities for sale only to the Investors and certain other &ldquo;accredited investors&rdquo;
within the meaning of Rule&nbsp;501 under the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(n)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Representations
and Warranties Incorporated by Reference</U>. Each of the representations and warranties (together with any related disclosure schedules
thereto) made to the Investors in the Purchase Agreement is hereby incorporated herein by reference (as though fully restated herein)
and is hereby made to, and in favor of, the Placement Agent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;3.</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Delivery
and Payment</FONT></B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Closing shall occur at the offices of the Placement Agent Counsel at 1600 Bausch
and Lomb Place, Rochester, NY 14604 (or at such other place as shall be agreed upon by the Placement Agent and the Company). Subject to
the terms and conditions hereof, at Closing payment of the purchase price for the Securities sold on such Closing Date shall be made by
Federal Funds wire transfer, against delivery of such Securities, and such Securities shall be registered in such name or names and shall
be in such denominations, as the Placement Agent may request at least one business day before the time of purchase (as defined below).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Deliveries of the documents
with respect to the purchase of the Securities, if any, shall be made at the offices of Placement Agent Counsel. All actions taken at
Closing shall be deemed to have occurred simultaneously.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;4.</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Covenants
and Agreements of the Company</FONT></B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. The Company further covenants and agrees with the Placement Agent
as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Registration
Statement Matters</U>. The Company will advise the Placement Agent promptly after it receives notice thereof of the time when any amendment
to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective or any Prospectus Supplement has been filed and will furnish the Placement
Agent with copies thereof. The Company will file promptly all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be
filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a), 14 or 15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of
any prospectus supplement and for so long as the delivery of a prospectus is required in connection with the Offering. The Company will
advise the Placement Agent, promptly after it receives notice thereof (i)&nbsp;of any request by the Commission to amend the Registration
Statement or to amend or supplement any prospectus supplement or for additional information, (ii)&nbsp;of the issuance by the Commission
of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or any order directed
at any Incorporated Document, if any, or any amendment or supplement thereto or any order preventing or suspending the use of the Base
Prospectus, Prospectus Supplement or any other prospectus supplement or any amendment or supplement thereto or any post-effective amendment
to the Registration Statement, of the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, of the
institution or threatened institution of any proceeding for any such purpose, or of any request by the Commission for the amending or
supplementing of the Registration Statement or a prospectus supplement or for additional information, (iii)&nbsp;of the issuance by any
state securities commission of any proceedings for the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction
or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that purpose; (iv)&nbsp;of the mailing and delivery to the Commission
for filing of any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus Supplement; (v)&nbsp;of the receipt of any comments
or request for any additional information from the Commission; and (vi)&nbsp;of the happening of any event during the period described
in this Section&nbsp;4(a)&nbsp;that, in the judgment of the Company, makes any statement of a material fact made in the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus Supplement untrue or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus Supplement
in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company shall use
its best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such stop order or prevention or suspension of such use. If the Commission shall enter
any such stop order or order or notice of prevention or suspension at any time, the Company will use its best efforts to obtain the lifting
of such order at the earliest possible moment, or will file a new registration statement and use its best efforts to have such new registration
statement declared effective as soon as practicable. Additionally, the Company agrees that it shall comply with the provisions of Rules&nbsp;424(b),
430A, 430B and 430C, as applicable, under the Securities Act, including with respect to the timely filing of documents thereunder, and
will use its reasonable efforts to confirm that any filings made by the Company under such Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;are received in a timely
manner by the Commission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Blue
Sky Compliance</U>. The Company will cooperate with the Placement Agent and the Investors in endeavoring to qualify the Securities for
sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions (United States and foreign) as the Placement Agent and the Investors may reasonably
request and will make such applications, file such documents, and furnish such information as may be reasonably required for that purpose,
provided the Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to file a general consent to service of process in any
jurisdiction where it is not now so qualified or required to file such a consent, and provided further that the Company shall not be required
to produce any new disclosure document. The Company will, from time to time, prepare and file such statements, reports and other documents
as are or may be required to continue such qualifications in effect for so long a period as the Placement Agent may reasonably request
for distribution of the Securities. The Company will advise the Placement Agent promptly of the suspension of the qualification or registration
of (or any such exemption relating to) the Securities for offering, sale or trading in any jurisdiction or any initiation or threat of
any proceeding for any such purpose, and in the event of the issuance of any order suspending such qualification, registration or exemption,
the Company shall use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal thereof at the earliest possible moment.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Amendments
and Supplements to a Prospectus and Other Matters</U>. The Company will comply with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, and the rules&nbsp;and
regulations of the Commission thereunder, so as to permit the completion of the distribution of the Securities as contemplated in this
Agreement, the Incorporated Documents and any Prospectus. If during the period in which a prospectus is required by law to be delivered
in connection with the distribution of Securities contemplated by the Incorporated Documents or any Prospectus (the &ldquo;<U>Prospectus
Delivery Period</U>&rdquo;), any event shall occur as a result of which, in the judgment of the Company or in the opinion of the Placement
Agent or counsel for the Placement Agent, it becomes necessary to amend or supplement the Incorporated Documents or any Prospectus in
order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, as the case may be, not misleading,
or if it is necessary at any time to amend or supplement the Incorporated Documents or any Prospectus or to file under the Exchange Act
any Incorporated Document to comply with any law, the Company will promptly prepare and file with the Commission, and furnish at its own
expense to the Placement Agent and to dealers, an appropriate amendment to the Registration Statement or supplement to the Registration
Statement, the Incorporated Documents or any Prospectus that is necessary in order to make the statements in the Incorporated Documents
and any Prospectus as so amended or supplemented, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, as the case may be, not
misleading, or so that the Registration Statement, the Incorporated Documents or any Prospectus, as so amended or supplemented, will comply
with law. Before amending the Registration Statement or supplementing the Incorporated Documents or any Prospectus in connection with
the Offering, the Company will furnish the Placement Agent with a copy of such proposed amendment or supplement and will not file any
such amendment or supplement to which the Placement Agent reasonably objects within two (2)&nbsp;Business Days, provided that the Company
may file any document or report reasonably determined by the Company to be required to be filed by the Company pursuant to the Securities
Act or the Exchange Act or the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder within the time periods required for such filings, irrespective
of any such objection of the Placement Agent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Copies
of any Amendments and Supplements to a Prospectus</U>. The Company will furnish the Placement Agent, without charge, during the period
beginning on the date hereof and ending on the Closing Date, as many copies of any Prospectus or prospectus supplement and any amendments
and supplements thereto, as the Placement Agent may reasonably request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Free
Writing Prospectus</U>. The Company covenants that it will not, unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, make
any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute a Company Free Writing Prospectus or that would otherwise constitute a &ldquo;free
writing prospectus&rdquo; (as defined in Rule&nbsp;405 of the Securities Act) required to be filed by the Company with the Commission
or retained by the Company under Rule&nbsp;433 of the Securities Act. In the event that the Placement Agent expressly consents in writing
to any such free writing prospectus (a &ldquo;Permitted Free Writing Prospectus&rdquo;), the Company covenants that it shall (i)&nbsp;treat
each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an Company Free Writing Prospectus, and (ii)&nbsp;comply with the requirements of Rule&nbsp;164
and 433 of the Securities Act applicable to such Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including in respect of timely filing with the Commission,
legending and record keeping.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transfer
Agent</U>. The Company will maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[<U>Reserved</U>]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Periodic
Reporting Obligations</U>. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will duly file, on a timely basis, with the Commission and
the Trading Market all reports and documents required to be filed under the Exchange Act within the time periods and in the manner required
by the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Additional
Documents</U>. The Company will enter into any subscription, purchase or other customary agreements as the Placement Agent or the Investors
deem necessary or appropriate to consummate the Offering, all of which will be in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Placement
Agent and the Investors. The Company agrees that the Placement Agent may rely upon, and each is a third party beneficiary of, the representations
and warranties, and applicable covenants, set forth in any such purchase, subscription or other agreement with Investors in the Offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(j)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Manipulation of Price</U>. Neither the Company, nor to its knowledge, any of its employees, directors or shareholders, has taken or will
take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that has constituted or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in,
under the Exchange Act, or otherwise stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale
or resale of the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(k)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Acknowledgment</U>.
The Company acknowledges that any advice given by the Placement Agent to the Company is solely for the benefit and use of the Board of
Directors of the Company and may not be used, reproduced, disseminated, quoted or referred to, without the Placement Agent&rsquo;s prior
written consent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(l)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Announcement
of Offering</U>. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Placement Agent may, subsequent to the Closing, make public its involvement
with the Offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(m)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Reliance
on Others</U>. The Company confirms that it will rely on its own counsel and accountants for legal and accounting advice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(n)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Research
Matters</U>. By entering into this Agreement, the Placement Agent does not provide any promise, either explicitly or implicitly, of favorable
or continued research coverage of the Company and the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that the Placement Agent&rsquo;s selection
as a placement agent for the Offering was in no way conditioned, explicitly or implicitly, on the Placement Agent providing favorable
or any research coverage of the Company. In accordance with FINRA Rule&nbsp;2241(b)(2), the parties acknowledge and agree that the Placement
Agent has not directly or indirectly offered favorable research, a specific rating or a specific price target, or threatened to change
research, a rating or a price target, to the Company or inducement for the receipt of business or compensation. The Company hereby waives
and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have against the Placement Agent with respect to
any conflict of interest that may arise from the fact that the views expressed by their independent research analysts and research departments
may be different from or inconsistent with the views or advice communicated to the Company by the Placement Agent&rsquo;s investment banking
divisions. The Company acknowledges that the Placement Agent is a full service securities firm and as such from time to time, subject
to applicable securities laws, may effect transactions for its own account or the account of its customers and hold long or short position
in debt or equity securities of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(o)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Subsequent
Equity Sales</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">From
the date hereof until 60 days after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall (i)&nbsp;issue, enter into any agreement
to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or (ii)&nbsp;file any registration
statement or amendment or supplement thereto, other than the Prospectus or filing a registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-8 in connection
with any employee benefit plan, in each case without prior written consent of the Placement Agent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">From
the date hereof until 180 days after the Closing Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to
effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination of thereof)
involving a Variable Rate Transaction. &ldquo;Variable Rate Transaction&rdquo; means a transaction in which the Company (i)&nbsp;issues
or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive additional
shares of Common Stock either (A)&nbsp;at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or
varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or
equity securities, or (B)&nbsp;with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after
the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related
to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or (ii)&nbsp;enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement,
including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit or an &ldquo;at-the-market offering&rdquo;, whereby the Company may issue securities
at a future determined price; provided, however, that following the restrictive period set forth in Section&nbsp;4(o)(i), the entry into
and/or issuance of shares of Common Stock in an &ldquo;at-the-market&rdquo; offering with the Placement Agent as sales agent shall not
be deemed a Variable Rate Transaction. Any Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any
such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
the foregoing, this Section&nbsp;4(o)&nbsp;shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance, except that no Variable Rate Transaction
shall be an Exempt Issuance. An &ldquo;<U>Exempt Issuance</U>&rdquo; means the issuance of (a)&nbsp;shares of Common Stock or options
to employees, officers or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of
the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for
such purpose for services rendered to the Company, (b)&nbsp;securities upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities
issued hereunder and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding
on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number
of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection
with stock splits or combinations) or to extend the term of such securities and (c)&nbsp;securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or
strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued
as &ldquo;restricted securities&rdquo; (as defined in Rule&nbsp;144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing
of any registration statement in connection therewith during the prohibition period in Section&nbsp;4(o)(i), and provided that any such
issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equityholders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company
or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits
in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the
purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(p)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Lock-Up
Agreements</U>. The Company shall not amend, modify, waive or terminate any provision of any of the Lock-Up Agreements except to extend
the term of the lock-up period and shall enforce the provisions of each Lock-Up Agreement in accordance with its terms. If any party to
a Lock-Up Agreement breaches any provision of a Lock-Up Agreement, the Company shall promptly use its best efforts to seek specific performance
of the terms of such Lock-Up Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(q)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>FINRA</U>.
The Company shall advise the Placement Agent (who shall make an appropriate filing with FINRA) if it is aware that any officer, director,
5% or greater shareholder of the Company or Person that received the Company&rsquo;s unregistered equity securities in the past 180 days
is or becomes an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member firm prior to the earlier of the termination of this Agreement or the
60-day period after the Closing Date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;5.</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Conditions
of the Obligations of the Placement Agent</FONT></B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. The obligations of the Placement Agent hereunder shall
be subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company set forth in Section&nbsp;2 hereof, in each
case as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date as though then made, to the timely performance by each of the Company of its covenants
and other obligations hereunder on and as of such dates, and to each of the following additional conditions:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Accountants&rsquo;
Comfort Letters</U>. On the Closing Date, the Placement Agent shall have received, and the Company shall have caused to be delivered to
the Placement Agent, a letter from Marcum LLP addressed to the Placement Agent, dated as of such date, in form and substance satisfactory
to the Placement Agent. The letter shall not disclose any change in the condition (financial or other), earnings, operations, business
or prospects of the Company from that set forth in the Incorporated Documents or the applicable Prospectus or prospectus supplement, which,
in the Placement Agent&rsquo;s sole judgment, is material and adverse and that makes it, in the Placement Agent&rsquo;s sole judgment,
impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the Offering of the Securities as contemplated by such Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Compliance
with Registration Requirements; No Stop Order; No Objection from the FINRA</U>. Each Prospectus (in accordance with Rule&nbsp;424(b))
and &ldquo;free writing prospectus&rdquo; (as defined in Rule&nbsp;405 of the Securities Act), if any, shall have been duly filed with
the Commission, as appropriate; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof shall have
been issued and no proceeding for that purpose shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; no order preventing or suspending
the use of any Prospectus shall have been issued and no proceeding for that purpose shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission;
no order having the effect of ceasing or suspending the distribution of the Securities or any other securities of the Company shall have
been issued by any securities commission, securities regulatory authority or stock exchange and no proceedings for that purpose shall
have been instituted or shall be pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, contemplated by any securities commission, securities regulatory
authority or stock exchange; all requests for additional information on the part of the Commission shall have been complied with; and
FINRA shall have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the placement terms and arrangements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Corporate
Proceedings</U>. All corporate proceedings and other legal matters in connection with this Agreement, the Registration Statement and each
Prospectus, and the registration, sale and delivery of the Securities, shall have been completed or resolved in a manner reasonably satisfactory
to the Placement Agent&rsquo;s counsel, and such counsel shall have been furnished with such papers and information as it may reasonably
have requested to enable such counsel to pass upon the matters referred to in this Section&nbsp;5.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Material Adverse Change</U>. Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date, in the Placement
Agent&rsquo;s sole judgment after consultation with the Company, there shall not have occurred any Material Adverse Effect or any material
adverse change or development involving a prospective material adverse change in the condition or the business activities, financial or
otherwise, of the Company from the latest dates as of which such condition is set forth in the Registration Statement and Prospectus (&ldquo;<U>Material
Adverse Change</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Opinion
of Counsel for the Company</U>. The Placement Agent shall have received on the Closing Date (i)&nbsp;the favorable opinion of McDermott
Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP, U.S. counsel to the Company, and Harney Westwood&nbsp;&amp; Riegels LP, foreign counsel to the Company, both
dated as of such Closing Date, including, without limitation, a negative assurance letter addressed to the Placement Agent and in form
and substance satisfactory to the Placement Agent, and (ii)&nbsp;the favorable opinions of intellectual property legal counsel to the
Company, addressed to the Placement Agent in form and substance satisfactory to the Placement Agent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Officers&rsquo;
Certificate</U>. The Placement Agent shall have received on the Closing Date a certificate of the Company, dated as of such Closing Date,
signed by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, to the effect that, and the Placement Agent shall be
satisfied that, the signers of such certificate have reviewed the Registration Statement, the Incorporated Documents, the Prospectus,
and this Agreement and to the further effect that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct, as if made on and as of such Closing Date, and the
Company has complied with all the agreements and satisfied all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to
such Closing Date;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">No
stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the use of the Prospectus has been issued and no proceedings
for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened under the Securities Act; no order
having the effect of ceasing or suspending the distribution of the Securities or any other securities of the Company has been issued by
any securities commission, securities regulatory authority or stock exchange in the United States and no proceedings for that purpose
have been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, contemplated by any securities commission, securities regulatory
authority or stock exchange in the United States;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">When
the Registration Statement became effective, at the time of sale, and at all times subsequent thereto up to the delivery of such certificate,
the Registration Statement and the Incorporated Documents, if any, when such documents became effective or were filed with the Commission,
and any Prospectus, contained all material information required to be included therein by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and
the applicable rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Commission thereunder, as the case may be, and in all material respects conformed to
the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the applicable rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Commission thereunder,
as the case may be, and the Registration Statement and the Incorporated Documents, if any, and any Prospectus, did not and do not include
any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (provided, however, that the preceding representations
and warranties contained in this paragraph (iii)&nbsp;shall not apply to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity
with information furnished in writing to the Company by the Placement Agent expressly for use therein) and, since the effective date of
the Registration Statement, there has occurred no event required by the Securities Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Commission
thereunder to be set forth in the Incorporated Documents which has not been so set forth; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(iv)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Subsequent
to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Incorporated Documents and any Prospectus,
there has not been: (a)&nbsp;any Material Adverse Change; (b)&nbsp;any transaction that is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries
taken as a whole, except transactions entered into in the ordinary course of business; (c)&nbsp;any obligation, direct or contingent,
that is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, incurred by the Company or any Subsidiary, except obligations incurred
in the ordinary course of business; (d)&nbsp;any material change in the capital stock (except changes thereto resulting from the exercise
of outstanding stock options or warrants or conversion of outstanding preferred stock) or outstanding indebtedness of the Company or any
Subsidiary; (e)&nbsp;any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made on the capital stock of the Company; or (f)&nbsp;any
loss or damage (whether or not insured) to the property of the Company or any Subsidiary which has been sustained or will have been sustained
which has a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Form&nbsp;8-K</U>.
The Company shall have prepared and filed with the Commission a Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K with respect to the Offering, including
as an exhibit thereto this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Stock
Exchange Listing</U>. The Common Stock shall be registered under the Exchange Act and shall be listed on the Trading Market, and the Company
shall not have taken any action designed to terminate, or likely to have the effect of terminating, the registration of the Common Stock
under the Exchange Act or delisting or suspending from trading the Common Stock from the Trading Market, nor shall the Company have received
any information suggesting that the Commission or the Trading Market is contemplating terminating such registration or listing, except
as disclosed in the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Lock-Up
Agreements</U>. On the date of execution of the Purchase Agreement, the Placement Agent shall have received the executed lock-up agreement
from each of the directors and executive officers of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(j)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Additional
Documents</U>. On or before the Closing Date, the Placement Agent and counsel for the Placement Agent shall have received such information
and documents as they may reasonably require for the purposes of enabling them to pass upon the issuance and sale of the Securities as
contemplated herein, or in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations and warranties, or the satisfaction of any of
the conditions or agreements, herein contained.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If any condition specified
in this Section&nbsp;5 is not satisfied when and as required to be satisfied, this Agreement may be terminated by the Placement Agent
by notice to the Company at any time on or prior to a Closing Date, which termination shall be without liability on the part of any party
to any other party, except that Section&nbsp;6 (Payment of Expenses), Section&nbsp;7 (Indemnification and Contribution) and Section&nbsp;8
(Representations and Indemnities to Survive Delivery) shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;6.</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Payment
of Expenses</U>. The Company agrees to pay all costs, fees and expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the performance of
its obligations hereunder and in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation: (i)&nbsp;all expenses
incident to the issuance, delivery and qualification of the Securities (including all printing and engraving costs); (ii)&nbsp;all fees
and expenses of the registrar and transfer agent of the Common Stock; (iii)&nbsp;all necessary issue, transfer and other stamp taxes in
connection with the issuance and sale of the Securities; (iv)&nbsp;all fees and expenses of the Company&rsquo;s counsel, independent public
or certified public accountants and other advisors; (v)&nbsp;all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation, printing,
filing, shipping and distribution of the Registration Statement (including financial statements, exhibits, schedules, consents and certificates
of experts), and each prospectus supplement, and all amendments and supplements thereto, and this Agreement; (vi)&nbsp;all filing fees,
reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and expenses incurred by the Company or the Placement Agent in connection with qualifying or registering
(or obtaining exemptions from the qualification or registration of) all or any part of the Securities for offer and sale under the state
securities or blue sky laws or the securities laws of any other country, and, if requested by the Placement Agent, preparing and printing
a &ldquo;<U>Blue Sky Survey</U>,&rdquo; an &ldquo;<U>International Blue Sky Survey</U>&rdquo; or other memorandum, and any supplements
thereto, advising the Placement Agent of such qualifications, registrations and exemptions; (vii)&nbsp;if applicable, the filing fees
incident to the review and approval by FINRA of the Placement Agent&rsquo;s participation in the offering and distribution of the Securities;
(viii)&nbsp;the fees and expenses associated with including the Shares and Warrant Shares on the Trading Market; (ix)&nbsp;all costs and
expenses incident to the travel and accommodation of the Company&rsquo;s and the Placement Agent&rsquo;s employees on the &ldquo;<U>roadshow</U>,&rdquo;
if any; and (x)&nbsp;all other fees, costs and expenses referred to in Part&nbsp;II of the Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Indemnification
and Contribution</FONT></B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Placement Agent, its affiliates and each person controlling the Placement Agent (within
the meaning of Section&nbsp;15 of the Securities Act), and the directors, officers, agents and employees of the Placement Agent, its affiliates
and each such controlling person (the Placement Agent, and each such entity or person. an &ldquo;<U>Indemnified Person</U>&rdquo;) from
and against any losses, claims, damages, judgments, assessments, costs and other liabilities (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Liabilities</U>&rdquo;),
and shall reimburse each Indemnified Person for all fees and expenses (including the reasonable fees and expenses of one counsel for all
Indemnified Persons, except as otherwise expressly provided herein) (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Expenses</U>&rdquo;) as they are incurred
by an Indemnified Person in investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any actions, whether or not any Indemnified Person is a party
thereto, (i)&nbsp;caused by, or arising out of or in connection with, any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact
contained in the Registration Statement, any Incorporated Document, or any Prospectus or by any omission or alleged omission to state
therein a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading
(other than untrue statements or alleged untrue statements in, or omissions or alleged omissions from, information relating to an Indemnified
Person furnished in writing by or on behalf of such Indemnified Person expressly for use in the Incorporated Documents) or (ii)&nbsp;otherwise
arising out of or in connection with advice or services rendered or to be rendered by any Indemnified Person pursuant to this Agreement,
the transactions contemplated thereby or any Indemnified Person&rsquo;s actions or inactions in connection with any such advice, services
or transactions; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that, in the case of clause (ii)&nbsp;only, the Company shall not be responsible for
any Liabilities or Expenses of any Indemnified Person that are finally judicially determined to have resulted solely from such Indemnified
Person&rsquo;s (x)&nbsp;gross negligence or willful misconduct in connection with any of the advice, actions, inactions or services referred
to above or (y)&nbsp;use of any offering materials or information concerning the Company in connection with the offer or sale of the Securities
in the Offering which were not authorized for such use by the Company and which use constitutes gross negligence or willful misconduct.
The Company also agrees to reimburse each Indemnified Person for all Expenses as they are incurred in connection with enforcing such Indemnified
Person&rsquo;s rights under this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Upon
receipt by an Indemnified Person of actual notice of an action against such Indemnified Person with respect to which indemnity may be
sought under this Agreement, such Indemnified Person shall promptly notify the Company in writing; provided that failure by any Indemnified
Person so to notify the Company shall not relieve the Company from any liability which the Company may have on account of this indemnity
or otherwise to such Indemnified Person, except to the extent the Company shall have been prejudiced by such failure. The Company shall,
if requested by the Placement Agent, assume the defense of any such action including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory
to the Placement Agent, which counsel may also be counsel to the Company. Any Indemnified Person shall have the right to employ separate
counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of
such Indemnified Person unless: (i)&nbsp;the Company has failed promptly to assume the defense and employ counsel or (ii)&nbsp;the named
parties to any such action (including any impeded parties) include such Indemnified Person and the Company, and such Indemnified Person
shall have been advised in the reasonable opinion of counsel that there is an actual conflict of interest that prevents the counsel selected
by the Company from representing both the Company (or another client of such counsel) and any Indemnified Person; provided that the Company
shall not in such event be responsible hereunder for the fees and expenses of more than one firm of separate counsel for all Indemnified
Persons in connection with any action or related actions, in addition to any local counsel. The Company shall not be liable for any settlement
of any action effected without its written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld). In addition, the Company shall not, without
the prior written consent of the Placement Agent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld), settle, compromise or consent to the entry
of any judgment in or otherwise seek to terminate any pending or threatened action in respect of which indemnification or contribution
may be sought hereunder (whether or not such Indemnified Person is a party thereto) unless such settlement, compromise, consent or termination
includes an unconditional release of each Indemnified Person from all Liabilities arising out of such action for which indemnification
or contribution may be sought hereunder. The indemnification required hereby shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof
during the course of the investigation or defense, as such expense, loss, damage or liability is incurred and is due and payable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">In
the event that the foregoing indemnity is unavailable to an Indemnified Person other than in accordance with this Agreement, the Company
shall contribute to the Liabilities and Expenses paid or payable by such Indemnified Person in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect
(i)&nbsp;the relative benefits to the Company, on the one hand, and to the Placement Agent and any other Indemnified Person, on the other
hand, of the matters contemplated by this Agreement or (ii)&nbsp;if the allocation provided by the immediately preceding clause is not
permitted by applicable law, not only such relative benefits but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Placement
Agent and any other Indemnified Person, on the other hand, in connection with the matters as to which such Liabilities or Expenses relate,
as well as any other relevant equitable considerations; provided that in no event shall the Company contribute less than the amount necessary
to ensure that all Indemnified Persons, in the aggregate, are not liable for any Liabilities and Expenses in excess of the amount of fees
actually received by the Placement Agent pursuant to this Agreement. For purposes of this paragraph, the relative benefits to the Company,
on the one hand, and to the Placement Agent on the other hand, of the matters contemplated by this Agreement shall be deemed to be in
the same proportion as (a)&nbsp;the total value paid or contemplated to be paid to or received or contemplated to be received by the Company
in the transaction or transactions that are within the scope of this Agreement, whether or not any such transaction is consummated, bears
to (b)&nbsp;the fees paid to the Placement Agent under this Agreement. Notwithstanding the above, no person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation
within the meaning of Section&nbsp;11(f)&nbsp;of the Securities Act, as amended, shall be entitled to contribution from a party who was
not guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company also agrees that no Indemnified Person shall have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract or tort or otherwise)
to the Company for or in connection with advice or services rendered or to be rendered by any Indemnified Person pursuant to this Agreement,
the transactions contemplated thereby or any Indemnified Person&rsquo;s actions or inactions in connection with any such advice, services
or transactions except for Liabilities (and related Expenses) of the Company that are finally judicially determined to have resulted solely
from such Indemnified Person&rsquo;s gross negligence or willful misconduct in connection with any such advice, actions, inactions or
services.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
reimbursement, indemnity and contribution obligations of the Company set forth herein shall apply to any modification of this Agreement
and shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any termination of, or the completion of any Indemnified Person&rsquo;s services
under or in connection with, this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;8.</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Representations
and Indemnities to Survive Delivery</FONT></B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. The respective indemnities, agreements, representations,
warranties and other statements of the Company or any person controlling the Company, of its officers, and of the Placement Agent set
forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf
of the Placement Agent, the Company, or any of its or their partners, officers or directors or any controlling person, as the case may
be, and will survive delivery of and payment for the Securities sold hereunder and any termination of this Agreement. A successor to a
Placement Agent, or to the Company, its directors or officers or any person controlling the Company, shall be entitled to the benefits
of the indemnity, contribution and reimbursement agreements contained in this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;9.</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notices</FONT></B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.
All communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be mailed, hand delivered, e-mailed or telecopied and confirmed to the parties
hereto as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If to the Placement Agent to the address set forth
above, attention: James Siegal, email: jsiegel@maximgrp.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>With a copy to:</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Harter Secrest&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">1600 Bausch and Lomb Place</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Rochester, New York 14604</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">E-mail: AMcClean@hselaw.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Attention: Alexander R. McClean,&nbsp;Esq.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If to the Company:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">50 Health Sciences Drive</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Stony Brook, New York 11790</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Attention: Beth Jantzen, CFO</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Email: beth.jantzen@adnas.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>With a copy to:</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">One Vanderbilt Avenue</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">New York, New York 10017</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Attention: Merrill M. Kraines,&nbsp;Esq.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Todd R. Kornfeld,&nbsp;Esq.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Email: mkraines@mwe.com; tkornfeld@mwe.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any party hereto may change the address for receipt
of communications by giving written notice to the others.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;10.</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Successors</FONT></B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.
This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto, and to the benefit of the employees, officers and
directors and controlling persons referred to in Section&nbsp;7 hereof, and to their respective successors, and personal representative,
and no other person will have any right or obligation hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;11.</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Partial
Unenforceability</FONT></B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. The invalidity or unenforceability of any section, paragraph or provision of
this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other section, paragraph or provision hereof. If any Section, paragraph
or provision of this Agreement is for any reason determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor
changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to make it valid and enforceable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;12.</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Governing
Law</FONT></B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. This Agreement will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State
of New York applicable to agreements made and to be performed entirely in such State, without regard to the conflicts of laws principles
thereof. This Agreement may not be assigned by either party without the prior written consent of the other party. This Agreement shall
be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto, and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Any right to trial
by jury with respect to any dispute arising under this Agreement or any transaction or conduct in connection herewith is waived. Any dispute
arising under this Agreement may be brought into the courts of the State of New York or into the Federal Court located in New York, New
York and, by execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company hereby accepts for itself and in respect of its property, generally
and unconditionally, the jurisdiction of aforesaid courts. Each party hereto hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and
consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by delivering a copy thereof via overnight delivery (with evidence
of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute
good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve
process in any manner permitted by law. The Company agrees that a final judgment in any such action, proceeding or counterclaim brought
in any such court shall be conclusive and binding upon the Company and may be enforced in any other courts to the jurisdiction of which
the Company is or may be subject, by suit upon such judgment. If either party to this Agreement shall commence an action or proceeding
to enforce any provisions of a Transaction Document, then the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the
other party for its reasonable attorney&rsquo;s fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution
of such action or proceeding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">General
Provisions</FONT></B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">This
Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all prior written or oral and all contemporaneous
oral agreements, understandings and negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may be executed in two or more
counterparts, each one of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same
instrument. This Agreement may not be amended or modified unless in writing by all of the parties hereto, and no condition herein (express
or implied) may be waived unless waived in writing by each party whom the condition is meant to benefit. Section&nbsp;headings herein
are for the convenience of the parties only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company acknowledges that in connection with the offering of the Securities: (i)&nbsp;the Placement Agent&rsquo;s responsibility to the
Company is solely contractual and commercial in nature, (ii)&nbsp;the Placement Agent has acted at arms length, are not agents of, and
owe no fiduciary duties to the Company or any other person, (iii)&nbsp;the Placement Agent owes the Company only those duties and obligations
set forth in this Agreement and (iv)&nbsp;the Placement Agent may have interests that differ from those of the Company. The Company waives
to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law any claims it may have against the Placement Agent arising from a breach or alleged
breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the offering of the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[<I>The remainder of this page&nbsp;has been intentionally
left blank</I>.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the foregoing is in accordance
with your understanding of our agreement, please sign below whereupon this instrument, along with all counterparts hereof, shall become
a binding agreement in accordance with its terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="text-align: justify">Very truly yours,&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>APPLIED DNA SCIENCES,&nbsp;INC.</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a Delaware corporation</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;/s/ James A. Hayward</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name: </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 42%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">James A. Hayward, Ph.D., Sc.D.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title: </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chairman, President&nbsp;&amp; Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The foregoing Placement Agency
Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted as of the date first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>MAXIM GROUP LLC</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 47%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Clifford Teller</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name: Clifford Teller</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title: Co-President</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[<I>Signature page&nbsp;to Placement Agency Agreement</I>]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.2
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>tm244700d1_ex10-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 10.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 10.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Securities Purchase Agreement
(this &ldquo;<U>Agreement</U>&rdquo;) is dated as of January&nbsp;31, 2024, between Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc., a Delaware corporation
(the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages&nbsp;hereto (each, including its successors and
assigns, a &ldquo;<U>Purchaser</U>&rdquo; and collectively the &ldquo;<U>Purchasers</U>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">WHEREAS, subject to the terms
and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to (i)&nbsp;an effective registration statement under the Securities Act (as defined
below) as to the Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants and (ii)&nbsp;an exemption from the registration requirements of Section&nbsp;5 of the
Securities Act contained in Section&nbsp;4(a)(2)&nbsp;thereof and/or Regulation D thereunder as to the Warrants, the Company desires to
issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company, securities of the
Company as more fully described in this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">NOW, THEREFORE,&nbsp;IN CONSIDERATION
of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are
hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;I.</B></FONT><BR>
DEFINITIONS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">1.1 <U>Definitions</U>. In addition to the terms
defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section&nbsp;1.1:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Acquiring Person</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section&nbsp;4.5.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Action</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section&nbsp;3.1(j).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Affiliate</U>&rdquo;
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule&nbsp;405 under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Board of Directors</U>&rdquo;
means the board of directors of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Business Day</U>&rdquo;
means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by
law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to
remain closed due to &ldquo;stay at home&rdquo;, &ldquo;shelter-in-place&rdquo;, &ldquo;non-essential employee&rdquo; or any other similar
orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic
funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers
on such day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Closing</U>&rdquo;
means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.1.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Closing Date</U>&rdquo;
means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and
all conditions precedent to (i)&nbsp;the Purchasers&rsquo; obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii)&nbsp;the Company&rsquo;s
obligations to deliver the Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the second (2nd) Trading
Day following the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Commission</U>&rdquo;
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common Stock</U>&rdquo;
means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter
be reclassified or changed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common Stock Equivalents</U>&rdquo;
means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including,
without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable
or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common Warrant</U>&rdquo;
means, collectively, the Common Stock purchase warrants to be delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section&nbsp;2.2(a)&nbsp;hereof,
which Common Warrants shall be exercisable on the first Trading Day after the date the Shareholder Approval is announced on a Current
Report on Form&nbsp;8-K (the &ldquo;<U>Approval Effective Date</U>&rdquo;) and have a term equal to five years after the Approval Effective
Date, in the form of Exhibit&nbsp;B attached hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Common Warrant Shares</U>&rdquo;
means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Common Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Company Counsel</U>&rdquo;
means McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP, with offices located at One Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Disclosure Time</U>&rdquo;
means, (i)&nbsp;if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) and before
midnight (New York City time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date
hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent, and (ii)&nbsp;if this Agreement is signed between midnight
(New York City time) and 9:00 a.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 a.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on
the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Evaluation Date</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section&nbsp;3.1(s).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Exchange Act</U>&rdquo;
means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Exempt Issuance</U>&rdquo;
means the issuance of (a)&nbsp;shares of Common Stock or options to employees, officers, consultants, members of its strategic advisory
board, or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose (provided that issuances to consultants
and members of its strategic advisory board shall be unregistered and carry no registration rights other than on a registration statement
on Form&nbsp;S-8 and shall not exceed an aggregate of 20,000 shares (subject to adjustment for any stock splits or recapitalizations following
the date hereof) in any three (3)&nbsp;month period), by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority
of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company, (b)&nbsp;securities
upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable
for or convertible into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have
not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange
price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with stock splits or combinations) or to extend the term of such
securities, and (c)&nbsp;securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested
directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as &ldquo;restricted securities&rdquo; (as defined in Rule&nbsp;144)
and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith during the prohibition
period in Section&nbsp;4.12(a)&nbsp;herein, and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equityholders of
a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the
business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include
a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business
is investing in securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>FCPA</U>&rdquo;
means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>FDA</U>&rdquo; shall
have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section&nbsp;3.1(hh).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>FDCA</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section&nbsp;3.1(hh).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>GAAP</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section&nbsp;3.1(h).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>HSE</U>&rdquo; means
Harter Secrest&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP, with offices located at 1600 Bausch&nbsp;&amp; Lomb Place, Rochester, New York 14604.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Indebtedness</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section&nbsp;3.1(aa).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Intellectual Property
Rights</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section&nbsp;3.1(p).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Liens</U>&rdquo;
means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Lock-Up Agreement</U>&rdquo;
means the Lock-Up Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, by and among the Company and the directors, and executive officers of the Company,
in the form of Exhibit&nbsp;A attached hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Material Adverse
Effect</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section&nbsp;3.1(b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Material Permits</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section&nbsp;3.1(n).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Per Share Purchase
Price</U>&rdquo; equals $0.609, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other
similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement, provided that the purchase price per Pre-Funded
Warrant shall be the Per Share Purchase Price minus $0.0001.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Person</U>&rdquo;
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company,
joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Placement Agent</U>&rdquo;
means Maxim Group LLC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Pre-Funded Warrant</U>&rdquo;
means, collectively, the Pre-Funded Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section&nbsp;2.2(a)&nbsp;hereof,
which Pre-Funded Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and shall expire when exercised in full, in the form of Exhibit&nbsp;C attached
hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Pre-Funded Warrant
Shares</U>&rdquo; means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Proceeding</U>&rdquo;
means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding,
such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Prospectus</U>&rdquo;
means the final prospectus filed for the Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Prospectus Supplement</U>&rdquo;
means the supplement to the Prospectus complying with Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;of the Securities Act that is filed with the Commission and
delivered by the Company to each Purchaser at the Closing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Purchaser Party</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section&nbsp;4.8.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Registration Statement</U>&rdquo;
means the effective registration statement with Commission File No.&nbsp;333-272267 which registers the sale of the Shares and the Pre-Funded
Warrants to the Purchasers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Required Approvals</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section&nbsp;3.1(e).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;144</U>&rdquo;
means Rule&nbsp;144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule&nbsp;may be amended or interpreted from
time to time, or any similar rule&nbsp;or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect
as such Rule.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;424</U>&rdquo;
means Rule&nbsp;424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule&nbsp;may be amended or interpreted from
time to time, or any similar rule&nbsp;or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect
as such Rule.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>SEC Reports</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section&nbsp;3.1(h).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Securities</U>&rdquo;
means the Shares, the Warrants, the Warrant Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Securities Act</U>&rdquo;
means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Shareholder Approval</U>&rdquo;
means such approval as may be required by the applicable rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market (or any successor entity)
from the shareholders of the Company with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, including the issuance
of all of the Warrant Shares in excess of 19.99% of the issued and outstanding Common Stock on the Closing Date and the transaction contemplated
by Section&nbsp;4.21.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Shares</U>&rdquo;
means the shares of Common Stock issued or issuable to each Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Short Sales</U>&rdquo;
means all &ldquo;short sales&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include
locating and/or borrowing shares of Common Stock).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Subscription Amount</U>&rdquo;
means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for Shares and Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants purchased hereunder as specified
below such Purchaser&rsquo;s name on the signature page&nbsp;of this Agreement and next to the heading &ldquo;Subscription Amount,&rdquo;
in United States dollars and in immediately available funds (minus, if applicable, a Purchaser&rsquo;s aggregate exercise price of the
Pre-Funded Warrants, which amounts shall be paid as and when such Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Subsidiary</U>&rdquo;
means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth in the SEC Reports, and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect
subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Trading Day</U>&rdquo;
means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Trading Market</U>&rdquo;
means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the
NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, and the New York Stock Exchange (or
any successors to any of the foregoing).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Transaction Documents</U>&rdquo;
means this Agreement, the Warrants, the Pre-Funded Warrants, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or
agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Transfer Agent</U>&rdquo;
means Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 48 Wall Street, Floor 23, New
York, NY 10005 and any successor transfer agent of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Variable Rate Transaction</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section&nbsp;4.12(b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>VWAP</U>&rdquo;
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date)
on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30
a.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) to 4:02 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time)), (b)&nbsp;if the OTCQB Venture Market (&ldquo;<U>OTCQB</U>&rdquo;)
or the OTCQX Best Market (&ldquo;<U>OTCQX</U>&rdquo;) is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for
such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c)&nbsp;if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for
trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the Pink Open Market (&ldquo;<U>Pink Market</U>&rdquo;)
operated by OTC Markets,&nbsp;Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent
bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d)&nbsp;in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock
as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding
and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Warrant Shares</U>&rdquo;
means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Warrants</U>&rdquo;
means, collectively, the Common Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;II.</B></FONT><BR>
PURCHASE AND SALE</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">2.1 <U>Closing</U>. On the Closing Date, upon
the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly,
agree to purchase, up to an aggregate of $3,437,233.15 of Shares and Warrants; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that, to the extent that
a Purchaser determines, in its sole discretion, that such Purchaser (together with such Purchaser&rsquo;s Affiliates, and any Person
acting as a group together with such Purchaser or any of such Purchaser&rsquo;s Affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial
Ownership Limitation, or as such Purchaser may otherwise choose, in lieu of purchasing Shares such Purchaser may elect to purchase Pre-Funded
Warrants in lieu of Shares in such manner to result in the same aggregate purchase price being paid by such Purchaser to the Company.
The &ldquo;<U>Beneficial Ownership Limitation</U>&rdquo; shall be 4.99% (or, at the election of the Purchaser at Closing, 9.99%) of the
number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Securities on the Closing Date.
Each Purchaser&rsquo;s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page&nbsp;hereto executed by such Purchaser shall be made available
for &ldquo;Delivery Versus Payment&rdquo; settlement with the Company or its designee. The Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its
respective Shares (and/or Pre-Funded Warrants) and a Warrant as determined pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.2(a), and the Company and each
Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section&nbsp;2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants
and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall take place remotely by electronic transfer of the Closing documentation.
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time on or after the time of execution of this Agreement by the Company and
an applicable Purchaser, through, and including the time immediately prior to the Closing (the &ldquo;<U>Pre-Settlement Period</U>&rdquo;),
such Purchaser sells to any Person all, or any portion, of the Shares to be issued hereunder to such Purchaser at the Closing (collectively,
the &ldquo;<U>Pre-Settlement Shares</U>&rdquo;), such Purchaser shall, automatically hereunder (without any additional required actions
by such Purchaser or the Company), be deemed to be unconditionally bound to purchase such Pre-Settlement Shares at the Closing; provided,
that the Company shall not be required to deliver any Pre-Settlement Shares to such Purchaser prior to the Company&rsquo;s receipt of
the purchase price of such Pre-Settlement Shares hereunder; and provided further that the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that
the forgoing shall not constitute a representation or covenant by such Purchaser as to whether or not during the Pre-Settlement Period
such Purchaser shall sell any shares of Common Stock to any Person and that any such decision to sell any shares of Common Stock by such
Purchaser shall solely be made at the time such Purchaser elects to effect any such sale, if any. Unless otherwise directed by the Placement
Agent, settlement of the Shares shall occur via &ldquo;Delivery Versus Payment&rdquo; (&ldquo;<U>DVP</U>&rdquo;) (i.e., on the Closing
Date, the Company shall issue the Shares registered in the Purchasers&rsquo; names and addresses and released by the Transfer Agent directly
to the account(s)&nbsp;at the Placement Agent identified by each Purchaser; upon receipt of such Shares, the Placement Agent shall promptly
electronically deliver such Shares to the applicable Purchaser, and payment therefor shall be made by the Placement Agent (or its clearing
firm) by wire transfer to the Company). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein and a Purchaser&rsquo;s Subscription Amount set
forth on the signature pages&nbsp;attached hereto, the number of Shares purchased by a Purchaser (and its Affiliates) hereunder shall
not, when aggregated with all other shares of Common Stock owned by such Purchaser (and its Affiliates) at such time, result in such
Purchaser beneficially owning (as determined in accordance with Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act) in excess of 9.9% of the
then issued and outstanding Common Stock outstanding at the Closing (the &ldquo;<U>Beneficial Ownership Maximum</U>&rdquo;), and such
Purchaser&rsquo;s Subscription Amount, to the extent it would otherwise exceed the Beneficial Ownership Maximum immediately prior to
the Closing, shall be conditioned upon the issuance of Shares at the Closing to the other Purchasers signatory hereto. To the extent
that a Purchaser&rsquo;s beneficial ownership of the Shares would otherwise be deemed to exceed the Beneficial Ownership Maximum, such
Purchaser&rsquo;s Subscription Amount shall automatically be reduced as necessary in order to comply with this paragraph. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s)&nbsp;of Exercise (as defined in the Pre-Funded Warrants) delivered on or prior to 12:00
p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on the Closing Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of this Agreement,
the Company agrees to deliver the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s)&nbsp;by 4:00 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on
the Closing Date and the Closing Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date (as defined in the Pre-Funded Warrants) for purposes hereunder.</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">2.2 <U>Deliveries</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(a)&nbsp;On or prior to the Closing Date (except
as indicated below), the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&nbsp; this Agreement
duly executed by the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)&nbsp; a legal
opinion of Company Counsel, substantially in the form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent and each Purchaser;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)&nbsp;legal
opinions of intellectual property counsel to the Company, substantially in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent
and each Purchaser;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv)&nbsp; subject
to the sixth sentence of Section&nbsp;2.1, the Company shall have provided each Purchaser with the Company&rsquo;s wire instructions,
on Company letterhead and executed by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(v)&nbsp;subject
to the sixth sentence of Section&nbsp;2.1, a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent
to deliver on an expedited basis via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (&ldquo;<U>DWAC</U>&rdquo;)
Shares equal to such Purchaser&rsquo;s Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, registered in the name of such Purchaser;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vi)&nbsp; a Warrant
registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 200% of such Purchaser&rsquo;s
Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants, with an exercise price equal to $0.609, subject to adjustment therein;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vii)&nbsp;for each
Purchaser of Pre-Funded Warrants pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.1, a Pre-Funded Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase
up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the portion of such Purchaser&rsquo;s Subscription Amount applicable to Pre-Funded Warrant
divided by the Per Share Purchase Price minus $0.6089, with an exercise price equal to $0.0001, subject to adjustment therein;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(viii)&nbsp;on the
date hereof, the duly executed Lock-Up Agreements; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ix)&nbsp;the Prospectus
and Prospectus Supplement (which may be delivered in accordance with Rule&nbsp;172 under the Securities Act).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(b)&nbsp;On or prior to the Closing Date, each
Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, as applicable, the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&nbsp; this Agreement
duly executed by such Purchaser; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)&nbsp; such
Purchaser&rsquo;s Subscription Amount, which shall be made available for &ldquo;Delivery Versus Payment&rdquo; settlement with the Company
or its designee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">2.3 <U>Closing Conditions</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(a)&nbsp;The obligations of the Company hereunder
in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&nbsp;the accuracy
in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality, in all respects) when made and
on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in
which case they shall be accurate in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality,
in all respects) as of such date);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)&nbsp;all obligations,
covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)&nbsp;the delivery
by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section&nbsp;2.2(b)&nbsp;of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(b)&nbsp;The respective obligations of the Purchasers
hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&nbsp;the accuracy
in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in
all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of a
specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified
by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) as of such date);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)&nbsp;all obligations,
covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)&nbsp;the delivery
by the Company of the items set forth in Section&nbsp;2.2(a)&nbsp;of this Agreement;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv)&nbsp;there
shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(v)&nbsp;from the
date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company&rsquo;s principal
Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall not have
been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such service,
or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities
nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude
in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of such Purchaser,
makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the Closing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;III.</B></FONT><BR>
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">3.1 <U>Representations and Warranties of the Company</U>.
The Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each Purchaser:</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(a)&nbsp;<U>Subsidiaries</U>. All of the direct
and indirect subsidiaries of the Company are set forth on Exhibit&nbsp;21.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for
the year ended September&nbsp;30, 2023 (the &ldquo;Form&nbsp;10-K&rdquo;). Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company owns, directly
or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued
and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive
and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. Other than the Subsidiaries, the Company does not own, directly or indirectly,
any shares of stock or any other equity or long-term debt securities of any other corporation or have any equity interest in any other
corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, trust or other entity. If the Company has no subsidiaries, all other references
to the Subsidiaries or any of them in the Transaction Documents shall be disregarded.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(b)&nbsp;<U>Organization and Qualification</U>.
The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing
(if applicable in such jurisdiction) under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power
and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any
Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or
other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good
standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned
by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not
have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i)&nbsp;a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction
Document, (ii)&nbsp;a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise)
of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii)&nbsp;a material adverse effect on the Company&rsquo;s ability to perform
in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii)&nbsp;or (iii), a &ldquo;<U>Material
Adverse Effect</U>&rdquo;) and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking
to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(c)&nbsp;<U>Authorization; Enforcement</U>. The
Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery
of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated
hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the
Company, the Board of Directors or the Company&rsquo;s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with
the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have
been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and
binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i)&nbsp;as limited by general
equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting
enforcement of creditors&rsquo; rights generally, (ii)&nbsp;as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive
relief or other equitable remedies and (iii)&nbsp;insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable
law.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(d)&nbsp;<U>No Conflicts</U>. The execution, delivery
and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of
the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (i)&nbsp;conflict with
or violate any provision of the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational
or charter documents, or (ii)&nbsp;conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would
become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or
give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration or cancellation (with or without
notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or
otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or
any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii)&nbsp;subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law,
rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company
or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company
or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii)&nbsp;and (iii), such as could not, individually or in
the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(e)&nbsp;<U>Filings, Consents and Approvals</U>.
The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration
with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery
and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i)&nbsp;the filings required pursuant to Section&nbsp;4.4 of
this Agreement, (ii)&nbsp;the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus Supplement, (iii)&nbsp;application(s)&nbsp;to each applicable
Trading Market for the listing of the Shares and Warrant Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby, (iv)&nbsp;the
filing of Form&nbsp;D with the Commission and such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws, and (v)&nbsp;Shareholder
Approval (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Required Approvals</U>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(f)&nbsp;<U>Issuance of the Securities; Registration</U>.
The Shares are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and
validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Warrant Shares, when issued in accordance
with the terms of the Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company.
The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this
Agreement and the Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants. The Company has prepared and filed the Registration Statement in conformity with the
requirements of the Securities Act, which became effective on June&nbsp;6, 2023 (the &ldquo;<U>Effective Date</U>&rdquo;), including the
Prospectus, and such amendments and supplements thereto as may have been required to the date of this Agreement. The Registration Statement
is effective under the Securities Act and no stop order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending
or preventing the use of the Prospectus has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or,
to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission. The Company, if required by the rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Commission,
shall file the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b). At the time the Registration Statement and any amendments
thereto became effective, at the date of this Agreement and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto
conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein
not misleading; and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, at the time the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement
thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities
Act and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make
the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company was at the time of the
filing of the Registration Statement eligible to use Form&nbsp;S-3. The Company is eligible to use Form&nbsp;S-3 under the Securities
Act and it meets the transaction requirements with respect to the aggregate market value of securities being sold pursuant to this offering
and during the twelve (12) months prior to this offering, as set forth in General Instruction I.B.6 of Form&nbsp;S-3.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(g)&nbsp;<U>Capitalization</U>. The capitalization
of the Company as of the date hereof is as set forth in the SEC Reports. Except with respect to 90,027 shares issued in its at-the-market
offering, the Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than
pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under the Company&rsquo;s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock
to employees pursuant to the Company&rsquo;s employee stock purchase plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock
Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act. No Person has any right of first
refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports and as a result of the purchase and sale of the Securities, there are no outstanding
options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or
obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares
of Common Stock or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company
or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or capital stock of any
Subsidiary. The issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue shares of Common Stock or
other securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers). There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary
with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such security or instrument upon an issuance of securities
by the Company or any Subsidiary. There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any
redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any
Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any stock appreciation
rights or &ldquo;phantom stock&rdquo; plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock
of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and
state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe
for or purchase securities. No further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for
the issuance and sale of the Securities. There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect
to the Company&rsquo;s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the
Company&rsquo;s stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(h)&nbsp;<U>SEC Reports; Financial Statements</U>.
The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities
Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a)&nbsp;or 15(d)&nbsp;thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof
(or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the
exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, being collectively
referred to herein as the &ldquo;<U>SEC Reports</U>&rdquo;) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing
and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied
in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports,
when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary
in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Each &ldquo;forward-looking
statement&rdquo; (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;27A of the Securities Act or Section&nbsp;21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the
Registration Statement and the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed with a reasonable basis and has been disclosed in good faith. The
Company has never been an issuer subject to Rule&nbsp;144(i)&nbsp;under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Company included
in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Commission
with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States
generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (&ldquo;<U>GAAP</U>&rdquo;), except
as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not
contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated
Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the
case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(i)&nbsp;<U>Material Changes; Undisclosed Events,
Liabilities or Developments</U>. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, (i)&nbsp;there
has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect,
(ii)&nbsp;the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A)&nbsp;trade payables and accrued expenses
incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B)&nbsp;liabilities not required to be reflected in the
Company&rsquo;s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii)&nbsp;the Company has not
altered its method of accounting, (iv)&nbsp;the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property
to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v)&nbsp;the
Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans.
The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance
of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement, no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists
or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects,
properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities
laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least one Trading Day prior to the
date that this representation is made.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(j)&nbsp;<U>Litigation</U>. There is no action,
suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting
the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency
or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an &ldquo;<U>Action</U>&rdquo;). No Action (i)&nbsp;adversely
affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii)&nbsp;could,
if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor
any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability
under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company,
there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer
of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement
filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(k)&nbsp;<U>Labor Relations</U>. No labor dispute
exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which could reasonably be
expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company&rsquo;s or its Subsidiaries&rsquo; employees is a member of a union
that relates to such employee&rsquo;s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries
is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with their employees
are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation
of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement,
or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such
executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters.
The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment
and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(l)&nbsp;<U>Compliance</U>. Neither the Company
nor any Subsidiary: (i)&nbsp;is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice
or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received
notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement
or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been
waived), (ii)&nbsp;is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority or (iii)&nbsp;is
or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all
foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and
safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(m)&nbsp;<U>Environmental Laws</U>. The Company
and its Subsidiaries (i)&nbsp;are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of
human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including laws
relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances
or wastes (collectively, &ldquo;<U>Hazardous Materials</U>&rdquo;) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing,
distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees,
demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations, issued,
entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (&ldquo;<U>Environmental Laws</U>&rdquo;); (ii)&nbsp;have received all permits licenses or
other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and (iii)&nbsp;are in compliance
with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval, except where in each clause (i), (ii)&nbsp;and (iii), the failure
to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(n)&nbsp;<U>Regulatory Permits</U>. The Company
and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory
authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such
permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (&ldquo;<U>Material Permits</U>&rdquo;), and neither the
Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(o)&nbsp;<U>Title to Assets</U>. The Company and
the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good and marketable title in all
personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all
Liens, except for (i)&nbsp;Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made
and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii)&nbsp;Liens for the payment of federal, state or
other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and, the payment of which is neither delinquent
nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under
valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(p)&nbsp;<U>Intellectual Property</U>. The Company
and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks,
trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or required
for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to so have could have a Material
Adverse Effect (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Intellectual Property Rights</U>&rdquo;). None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary
has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned,
or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2)&nbsp;years from the date of this Agreement except where such expiration,
termination or abandonment would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary
has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or
otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as could not
have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property
Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company
and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual
properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect. The Company has no knowledge of any facts that would preclude it from having valid license rights or clear title to Intellectual
Property Rights. The Company has no knowledge that it lacks or will be unable to obtain any rights or licenses to use all Intellectual
Property Rights that are necessary to conduct its business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(q)&nbsp;<U>Insurance</U>. The Company and the
Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent
in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance
coverage of $2 million. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing
insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue
its business without a significant increase in cost.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(r)&nbsp;<U>Transactions With Affiliates and Employees</U>.
None of the officers or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the
Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees,
officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing
for rental of real or personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring
payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director,
or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess
of $120,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(s)&nbsp;<U>Sarbanes-Oxley; Internal Accounting
Controls</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, as amended, that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated by the Commission
thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of
internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i)&nbsp;transactions are executed in accordance with management&rsquo;s
general or specific authorizations, (ii)&nbsp;transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in
conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii)&nbsp;access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&rsquo;s
general or specific authorization, and (iv)&nbsp;the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable
intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure
controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules&nbsp;13a-15(e)&nbsp;and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and
designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it
files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission&rsquo;s
rules&nbsp;and forms. The Company&rsquo;s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures
of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange
Act (such date, the &ldquo;<U>Evaluation Date</U>&rdquo;). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the
Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their
evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting
(as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely
to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(t)&nbsp;<U>Certain Fees</U>. Except for fees
payable by the Company to the Placement Agent, no brokerage or finder&rsquo;s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company
or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with
respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect to any fees
or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section&nbsp;that may be due
in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(u)&nbsp;<U>Investment Company</U>. The Company
is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will not be or be an Affiliate of, an
 &ldquo;investment company&rdquo; within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business
in a manner so that it will not become an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo; subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(v)&nbsp;<U>Registration Rights</U>. No Person
has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company
or any Subsidiary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(w)&nbsp;<U>Listing and Maintenance Requirements</U>.
The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section&nbsp;12(b)&nbsp;or 12(g)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action
designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange
Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration. Except as set forth
in the SEC Reports, the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which
the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements
of such Trading Market. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable
future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic
transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the
fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(x)&nbsp;<U>Application of Takeover Protections</U>.
The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition,
business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti takeover provision under
the Company&rsquo;s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could
become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights
under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a result of the Company&rsquo;s issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers&rsquo;
ownership of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(y)&nbsp;<U>Disclosure</U>. Except with respect
to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms that neither
it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel with any information that it
believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus Supplement.
The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities
of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries,
their respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the SEC Reports, is true and correct and does not contain
any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in
the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve
months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole with the SEC reports do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact
or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or
has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth
in Section&nbsp;3.2 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(z)&nbsp;<U>No Integrated Offering</U>. Assuming
the accuracy of the Purchasers&rsquo; representations and warranties set forth in Section&nbsp;3.2, neither the Company, nor any of its
Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited
any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings
by the Company for purposes of (i)&nbsp;the Securities Act which would require the registration of the Common Warrants or Common Warrant
Shares under the Securities Act, or (ii)&nbsp;any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any of the
securities of the Company are listed or designated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(aa) <U>Solvency</U>. Based on the consolidated
financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the
sale of the Securities hereunder, (i)&nbsp;the fair saleable value of the Company&rsquo;s assets exceeds the amount that will be required
to be paid on or in respect of the Company&rsquo;s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they
mature, (ii)&nbsp;the Company&rsquo;s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and
as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted
by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii)&nbsp;the current cash flow
of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account
all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required
to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing
and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead
it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within
one year from the Closing Date. The Form&nbsp;10-K sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness
of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. For the purposes of this Agreement, &ldquo;<U>Indebtedness</U>&rdquo;
means (x)&nbsp;any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in
the ordinary course of business), (y)&nbsp;all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of
others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company&rsquo;s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except
guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business;
and (z)&nbsp;the present value of any lease payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with
GAAP. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(bb) <U>Tax Status</U>. Except for matters that
would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its
Subsidiaries each (i)&nbsp;has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and all foreign income and franchise tax
returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii)&nbsp;has paid all taxes and other governmental
assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii)&nbsp;has
set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which
such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority
of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(cc) <U>Foreign Corrupt Practices</U>. Neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other person acting on behalf of the
Company or any Subsidiary, has (i)&nbsp;directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other
unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii)&nbsp;made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government
officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii)&nbsp;failed to disclose
fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware)
which is in violation of law, or (iv)&nbsp;violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(dd) <U>Accountants</U>. To the knowledge and
belief of the Company, Marcum LLP (the &ldquo;Auditor&rdquo;) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act.
The Auditor has expressed its opinion with respect to the audited financial statements for the fiscal years ended September&nbsp;30, 2023
and 2022 and, to the knowledge and belief of the Company, shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included
in the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report for the fiscal year ending September&nbsp;30, 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ee) <U>Acknowledgment Regarding Purchasers&rsquo;
Purchase of Securities</U>. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting solely in the capacity of an arm&rsquo;s
length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby. The Company further acknowledges
that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction
Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or
agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers&rsquo;
purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company&rsquo;s decision to enter into this Agreement
and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the
Company and its representatives.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ff) <U>Acknowledgment Regarding Purchaser&rsquo;s
Trading Activity</U>. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except for Sections 3.2(f)&nbsp;and
4.14 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i)&nbsp;none of the Purchasers has been asked by the Company to
agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company, or &ldquo;derivative&rdquo;
securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified term; (ii)&nbsp;past or future open market
or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or &ldquo;derivative&rdquo; transactions,
before or after the closing of this or future private placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company&rsquo;s
publicly-traded securities; (iii)&nbsp;any Purchaser, and counter-parties in &ldquo;derivative&rdquo; transactions to which any such Purchaser
is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a &ldquo;short&rdquo; position in the Common Stock, and (iv)&nbsp;each Purchaser
shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm&rsquo;s length counter-party in any &ldquo;derivative&rdquo;
transaction. The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y)&nbsp;one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities at
various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the periods that the value
of the Warrant Shares deliverable with respect to Securities are being determined, and (z)&nbsp;such hedging activities (if any) could
reduce the value of the existing stockholders&rsquo; equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities
are being conducted. The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction
Documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(gg) <U>Regulation M Compliance</U>. The Company
has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i)&nbsp;taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or
to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of
the Securities, (ii)&nbsp;sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities, or (iii)&nbsp;paid
or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company, other than, in
the case of clauses (ii)&nbsp;and (iii), compensation paid to the Placement Agent in connection with the placement of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(hh) <U>FDA</U>. As to each product or product
candidate subject to the jurisdiction of the FDA under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and the regulations thereunder
(&ldquo;<U>FDCA</U>&rdquo;) and/or the jurisdiction of the non-U.S. counterparts thereof that is currently being tested by the Company
(or any of its Subsidiaries) (each such product, a &ldquo;<U>Product</U>&rdquo;), such Product is being tested by the Company in compliance
with all applicable requirements under FDCA and/or and similar laws, rules&nbsp;and regulations relating to registration, investigational
use, premarket clearance, licensure, or application approval, good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices, good clinical practices,
product listing, quotas, advertising, record keeping and filing of reports, except where the failure to be in compliance would not have
a Material Adverse Effect. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company currently has no products
that have been approved by the FDA or any non-U.S. counterparts thereof to be manufactured, packaged, labeled, distributed, sold and/or
marketed. There is no pending, completed or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened, action (including any lawsuit, arbitration,
or legal or administrative or regulatory proceeding, charge, complaint, or investigation) against the Company and the Company has not
received any written notice, warning letter or other communication from the FDA or any other governmental entity or any non-U.S. counterparts
thereof, in either case which (i)&nbsp;contests the premarket clearance, licensure, registration or approval of, the uses of, the distribution
of, the manufacturing or packaging of, the testing of, the sale of, or the labeling and promotion of any Product, (ii)&nbsp;imposes a
clinical hold on any clinical investigation by the Company, (iii)&nbsp;enters or proposes to enter into a consent decree of permanent
injunction with the Company, or (iv)&nbsp;otherwise alleges any violation of any laws, rules&nbsp;or regulations by the Company, and which,
either individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect. The properties, business and operations of the Company
have been and are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with all applicable laws, rules&nbsp;and regulations of the FDA
and non-U.S. counterparts thereof. The Company has not been informed by the FDA or any non-U.S. counterparts thereof that such agency
will prohibit the marketing, sale, license or use of any Product nor has the FDA or a non-U.S. counterpart thereof provided any written
notice that could reasonably be expected to preclude the approval or the clearing for marketing of any Product. The clinical, pre-clinical
and other studies and tests (&ldquo;<U>Studies</U>&rdquo;) conducted by or on behalf of or sponsored by the Company (including its Subsidiaries)
that are described or referred to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus were and, if still pending, are, being conducted in
accordance with all applicable statutes, laws, rules&nbsp;and regulations (including, without limitation, those administered by the FDA
or by any foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the
FDA), as well as the protocols, procedures and controls designed and approved for such Studies and with standard medical and scientific
research procedures. The descriptions of the results of such Studies that are described or referred to in the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus are accurate and complete in all material respects and fairly present the data derived from such Studies. Except as disclosed
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company has not received any written notices or other correspondence from the FDA
or any other foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by
the FDA requiring the termination or suspension of such Studies, other than ordinary course communications with respect to modifications
in connection with the design and implementation of such Studies. The Company (including its Subsidiaries) has not failed to file with
the applicable regulatory authorities (including the FDA or any foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority
performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA and having jurisdiction over the Company) any filing, declaration, listing,
registration, report or submission that is required to be so filed for the Company&rsquo;s business operation as currently conducted.
All such filings were in material compliance with applicable laws when filed and no material deficiencies have been asserted in writing
by any applicable regulatory authority (including, without limitation, the FDA or any foreign, federal, state or local governmental or
regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA) with respect to any such filings, declarations, listings,
registrations, reports or submissions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ii)&nbsp;<U>Stock Option Plans</U>. Each stock
option granted by the Company under the Company&rsquo;s stock option plan was granted (i)&nbsp;in accordance with the terms of the Company&rsquo;s
stock option plan and (ii)&nbsp;with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date such stock
option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted under the Company&rsquo;s stock option plan
has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no Company policy or practice to knowingly grant,
stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with, the release or other public announcement of
material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(jj) <U>Cybersecurity</U>. (i)(x)&nbsp;There has
been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s information technology
and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors
and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment or technology (collectively, &ldquo;<U>IT Systems and Data</U>&rdquo;)
and (y)&nbsp;the Company and the Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably
be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise to its IT Systems and Data; (ii)&nbsp;the Company and the Subsidiaries
are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules&nbsp;and regulations of any court or
arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security
of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification,
except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (iii)&nbsp;the Company and the Subsidiaries have
implemented and maintained commercially reasonable safeguards to maintain and protect its material confidential information and the integrity,
continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and Data; and (iv)&nbsp;the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented
backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practices.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(kk) <U>Office of Foreign Assets Control</U>.
Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the
Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S.
Treasury Department (&ldquo;<U>OFAC</U>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ll) <U>U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation</U>.
The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section&nbsp;897 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser&rsquo;s request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(mm) <U>Bank Holding Company Act</U>. Neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>BHCA</U>&rdquo;)
and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the &ldquo;<U>Federal Reserve</U>&rdquo;). Neither the Company
nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares
of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to
the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling
influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(nn) <U>Money Laundering</U>. The operations of
the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting
requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable
rules&nbsp;and regulations thereunder (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Money Laundering Laws</U>&rdquo;), and no Action or Proceeding by or
before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the
Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(oo) <U>Private Placement</U>. Assuming the accuracy
of the Purchasers&rsquo; representations and warranties set forth in Section&nbsp;3.2, no registration under the Securities Act is required
for the offer and sale of the Common Warrants or the Common Warrant Shares by the Company to the Purchasers as contemplated hereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(pp) <U>No General Solicitation</U>. Neither the
Company nor any Person acting on behalf of the Company has offered or sold any of the Common Warrant or Common Warrant Shares by any form
of general solicitation or general advertising. The Company has offered the Common Warrants and Common Warrant Shares for sale only to
the Purchasers and certain other &ldquo;accredited investors&rdquo; within the meaning of Rule&nbsp;501 under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(qq) <U>No Disqualification Events</U>. With respect
to the Common Warrant and Common Warrant Shares to be offered and sold hereunder in reliance on Rule&nbsp;506 under the Securities Act,
none of the Company, any of its predecessors, any affiliated issuer, any director, executive officer, other officer of the Company participating
in the offering hereunder, any beneficial owner of 20% or more of the Company&rsquo;s outstanding voting equity securities, calculated
on the basis of voting power, nor any promoter (as that term is defined in Rule&nbsp;405 under the Securities Act) connected with the
Company in any capacity at the time of sale (each, an &ldquo;<U>Issuer Covered Person</U>&rdquo;) is subject to any of the &ldquo;Bad
Actor&rdquo; disqualifications described in Rule&nbsp;506(d)(1)(i)&nbsp;to (viii)&nbsp;under the Securities Act (a &ldquo;<U>Disqualification
Event</U>&rdquo;), except for a Disqualification Event covered by Rule&nbsp;506(d)(2)&nbsp;or (d)(3). The Company has exercised reasonable
care to determine whether any Issuer Covered Person is subject to a Disqualification Event. The Company has complied, to the extent applicable,
with its disclosure obligations under Rule&nbsp;506(e), and has furnished to the Purchasers a copy of any disclosures provided thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(rr) <U>Other Covered Persons</U>. Other than
the Placement Agent, the Company is not aware of any person (other than any Issuer Covered Person) that has been or will be paid (directly
or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of purchasers in connection with the sale of any Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ss) <U>Notice of Disqualification Events</U>.
The Company will notify the Purchasers in writing, prior to the Closing Date of (i)&nbsp;any Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer
Covered Person and (ii)&nbsp;any event that would, with the passage of time, reasonably be expected to become a Disqualification Event
relating to any Issuer Covered Person, in each case of which it is aware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">3.2 <U>Representations and Warranties of the Purchasers</U>.
Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date
to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate as of such date):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(a)&nbsp;<U>Organization; Authority</U>. Such
Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the
jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar power and
authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations
hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance by such Purchaser of the transactions
contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership, limited liability company
or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed
by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding
obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i)&nbsp;as limited by general equitable principles
and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors&rsquo;
rights generally, (ii)&nbsp;as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable
remedies and (iii)&nbsp;insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(b)&nbsp;<U>Understandings or Arrangements</U>.
Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings
with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this representation and warranty not limiting such
Purchaser&rsquo;s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal
and state securities laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business. Such Purchaser
understands that the Common Warrants and the Common Warrant Shares are &ldquo;restricted securities&rdquo; and have not been registered
under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and is acquiring such Securities as principal for his, her or its own
account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Securities or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act
or any applicable state securities law, has no present intention of distributing any of such Securities in violation of the Securities
Act or any applicable state securities law and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute
or regarding the distribution of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law (this representation
and warranty not limiting such Purchaser&rsquo;s right to sell such Securities pursuant to a registration statement or otherwise in compliance
with applicable federal and state securities laws).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(c)&nbsp;<U>Purchaser Status</U>. At the time
such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on each date on which it exercises any Warrants,
it will be an &ldquo;accredited investor&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7), (a)(8), (a)(9), (a)(12) or
(a)(13) under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(d)&nbsp;<U>Experience of Such Purchaser</U>.
Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience in business and financial
matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities, and has so evaluated the
merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Securities and, at the present
time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(e)&nbsp;<U>Access to Information</U>. Such Purchaser
acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all exhibits and schedules thereto) and the
SEC Reports and has been afforded, (i)&nbsp;the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers
from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities and the merits and risks of
investing in the Securities; (ii)&nbsp;access to information about the Company and its financial condition, results of operations, business,
properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii)&nbsp;the opportunity to obtain such
additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed
investment decision with respect to the investment. Such Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate
of the Placement Agent has provided such Purchaser with any information or advice with respect to the Securities nor is such information
or advice necessary or desired. Neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate has made or makes any representation as to the Company or
the quality of the Securities and the Placement Agent and any Affiliate may have acquired non-public information with respect to the Company
which such Purchaser agrees need not be provided to it. In connection with the issuance of the Securities to such Purchaser, neither the
Placement Agent nor any of its Affiliates has acted as a financial advisor or fiduciary to such Purchaser.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(f)&nbsp;<U>Certain Transactions and Confidentiality</U>.
Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant
to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities
of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first received details regarding this transaction (written
or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material pricing terms of the transactions contemplated
hereunder and ending when the transaction is first publicly announced. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that
is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser&rsquo;s assets and
the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of
such Purchaser&rsquo;s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the
portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement. Other than to other Persons
party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser&rsquo;s representatives, including, without limitation, its officers, directors, partners,
legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made
to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for
the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect
to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(g)&nbsp;<U>General Solicitation</U>. Such Purchaser
is not purchasing the Securities as a result of any advertisement, article, notice or other communication regarding the Securities published
in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio or presented at any seminar or, to the knowledge of
such Purchaser, any other general solicitation or general advertisement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations
contained in this Section&nbsp;3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser&rsquo;s right to rely on the Company&rsquo;s representations
and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other
document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated
hereby. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty,
or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;IV.</B></FONT><BR>
OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.1 <U>Removal of Legends</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(a)&nbsp;The Common Warrants and Common Warrant
Shares may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal securities laws. In connection with any transfer of Common Warrants
or Common Warrant Shares other than pursuant to an effective registration statement or Rule&nbsp;144, to the Company or to an Affiliate
of a Purchaser or in connection with a pledge as contemplated in Section&nbsp;4.1(b), the Company may require the transferor thereof to
provide to the Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the form and substance
of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require registration of such
transferred Warrant under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(b)&nbsp;The Purchasers agree to the imprinting,
so long as is required by this Section&nbsp;4.1, of a legend on any of the Common Warrants or Common Warrant Shares in the following form:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES
FOR WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAS BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF
ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE &ldquo;SECURITIES ACT&rdquo;),
AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY&nbsp;NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT
TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE
WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY&nbsp;BE PLEDGED IN
CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company acknowledges and agrees that a Purchaser
may from time to time pledge pursuant to a bona fide margin agreement with a registered broker-dealer or grant a security interest in
some or all of the Warrants or Warrant Shares to a financial institution that is an &ldquo;accredited investor&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;501(a)&nbsp;under
the Securities Act and, if required under the terms of such arrangement, such Purchaser may transfer pledged or secured Warrants or Warrant
Shares to the pledgees or secured parties. Such a pledge or transfer would not be subject to approval of the Company and no legal opinion
of legal counsel of the pledgee, secured party or pledgor shall be required in connection therewith. Further, no notice shall be required
of such pledge. At the appropriate Purchaser&rsquo;s expense, the Company will execute and deliver such reasonable documentation as a
pledgee or secured party of Warrants and Warrant Shares may reasonably request in connection with a pledge or transfer of the Warrants
or Warrant Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(c)&nbsp;Certificates evidencing the Warrant Shares
shall not contain any legend (including the legend set forth in Section&nbsp;4.1(b)&nbsp;hereof): (i)&nbsp;while a registration statement
covering the resale of such security is effective under the Securities Act, or (ii)&nbsp;following any sale of such Warrant Shares pursuant
to Rule&nbsp;144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), or (iii)&nbsp;if such Warrant Shares are eligible for sale under Rule&nbsp;144
(assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), or (iv)&nbsp;if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities
Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the Commission). The Company shall cause its counsel
to issue a legal opinion to the Transfer Agent or the Purchaser promptly if required by the Transfer Agent to effect the removal of the
legend hereunder, or if requested by a Purchaser, respectively. If all or any portion of a Warrant is exercised at a time when there is
an effective registration statement to cover the resale of the Warrant Shares, or if such Warrant Shares may be sold under Rule&nbsp;144
(assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants) or if such legend is not otherwise required under applicable requirements of the Securities
Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the Commission) then such Warrant Shares shall be issued
free of all legends. The Company agrees that following such time as such legend is no longer required under this Section&nbsp;4.1(c),
the Company will, no later than the earlier of (i)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days and (ii)&nbsp;the number of Trading Days comprising
the Standard Settlement Period (as defined below) following the delivery by a Purchaser to the Company or the Transfer Agent of a certificate
representing Warrant Shares, as applicable, issued with a restrictive legend (such date, the &ldquo;<U>Legend Removal Date</U>&rdquo;),
deliver or cause to be delivered to such Purchaser a certificate representing such shares that is free from all restrictive and other
legends. The Company may not make any notation on its records or give instructions to the Transfer Agent that enlarge the restrictions
on transfer set forth in this Section&nbsp;4. Warrant Shares subject to legend removal hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer
Agent to the Purchaser by crediting the account of the Purchaser&rsquo;s prime broker with the Depository Trust Company System as directed
by such Purchaser. As used herein, &ldquo;<U>Standard Settlement Period</U>&rdquo; means the standard settlement period, expressed in
a number of Trading Days, on the Company&rsquo;s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery
of a certificate representing Warrant Shares issued with a restrictive legend.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(d)&nbsp;In addition to such Purchaser&rsquo;s
other available remedies, the Company shall pay to a Purchaser, in cash, (i)&nbsp;as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty,
for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date such Securities are submitted to the Transfer Agent)
delivered for removal of the restrictive legend and subject to Section&nbsp;4.1(c), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading
Day three (3)&nbsp;Trading Days after such damages have begun to accrue) for each Trading Day after the Legend Removal Date until such
certificate is delivered without a legend and (ii)&nbsp;if the Company fails to (a)&nbsp;issue and deliver (or cause to be delivered)
to a Purchaser by the Legend Removal Date a certificate representing the Securities so delivered to the Company by such Purchaser that
is free from all restrictive and other legends and (b)&nbsp;if after the Legend Removal Date such Purchaser purchases (in an open market
transaction or otherwise) shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by such Purchaser of all or any portion of the number
of shares of Common Stock, or a sale of a number of shares of Common Stock equal to all or any portion of the number of shares of Common
Stock, that such Purchaser anticipated receiving from the Company without any restrictive legend, then an amount equal to the excess of
such Purchaser&rsquo;s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions and other out-of-pocket expenses, if any) for the shares
of Common Stock so purchased (including brokerage commissions and other out-of-pocket expenses, if any) (the &ldquo;<U>Buy-In Price</U>&rdquo;)
over the product of (A)&nbsp;such number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to such Purchaser by the Legend Removal
Date multiplied by (B)&nbsp;the lowest closing sale price of the Common Stock on any Trading Day during the period commencing on the date
of the delivery by such Purchaser to the Company of the applicable Warrant Shares (as the case may be) and ending on the date of such
delivery and payment under this Section&nbsp;4.1(d).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(e)&nbsp;The Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants, and
Pre-Funded Warrant Shares shall be issued free of legends. If all or any portion of a Pre-Funded Warrant is exercised at a time when there
is an effective registration statement to cover the issuance or resale of the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares or if the Pre-Funded Warrant is
exercised via cashless exercise, the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares issued pursuant to any such exercise shall be issued free of all legends.
If at any time following the date hereof the Registration Statement (or any subsequent registration statement registering the sale or
resale of the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares) is not effective or is not otherwise available for the sale or resale of the Pre-Funded Warrant
Shares, the Company shall immediately notify the holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants in writing that such registration statement is not
then effective and thereafter shall promptly notify such holders when the registration statement is effective again and available for
the sale or resale of the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares (it being understood and agreed that the foregoing shall not limit the ability of
the Company to issue, or any Purchaser to sell, any of the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares in compliance with applicable federal and state securities
laws). The Company shall use best efforts to keep a registration statement (including the Registration Statement) registering the issuance
or resale of the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares effective during the term of the Pre-Funded Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.2 <U>Furnishing of Information</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(a)&nbsp;Until the earlier of the time that (i)&nbsp;no
Purchaser owns Securities or (ii)&nbsp;the Warrants have expired, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect
thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to
the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(b)&nbsp;At any time during the period commencing
from the six (6)&nbsp;month anniversary of the date hereof and ending at such time that all of the Warrant Shares (assuming cashless exercise)
may be sold without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with Rule&nbsp;144(c)(1)&nbsp;and otherwise without restriction
or limitation pursuant to Rule&nbsp;144, if the Company (i)&nbsp;shall fail for any reason to satisfy the current public information requirement
under Rule&nbsp;144(c)&nbsp;or (ii)&nbsp;has ever been an issuer described in Rule&nbsp;144(i)(1)(i)&nbsp;or becomes an issuer in the
future, and the Company shall fail to satisfy any condition set forth in Rule&nbsp;144(i)(2)&nbsp;(a &ldquo;<U>Public Information Failure</U>&rdquo;)
then, in addition to such Purchaser&rsquo;s other available remedies, the Company shall pay to a Purchaser, in cash, as partial liquidated
damages and not as a penalty, by reason of any such delay in or reduction of its ability to sell the Warrant Shares, an amount in cash
equal to two percent (2.0%) of the aggregate exercise price of such Purchaser&rsquo;s Warrants on the day of a Public Information Failure
and on every thirtieth (30th) day (pro rated for periods totaling less than thirty days) thereafter until the earlier of (a)&nbsp;the
date such Public Information Failure is cured and (b)&nbsp;such time that such public information is no longer required for the Purchasers
to transfer the Warrant Shares pursuant to Rule&nbsp;144. The payments to which a Purchaser shall be entitled pursuant to this Section&nbsp;4.2(b)&nbsp;are
referred to herein as &ldquo;<U>Public Information Failure Payments</U>.&rdquo; Public Information Failure Payments shall be paid on the
earlier of (i)&nbsp;the last day of the calendar month during which such Public Information Failure Payments are incurred and (ii)&nbsp;the
third (3rd) Business Day after the event or failure giving rise to the Public Information Failure Payments is cured. In the event the
Company fails to make Public Information Failure Payments in a timely manner, such Public Information Failure Payments shall bear interest
at the rate of 1.5% per month (prorated for partial months) until paid in full. Nothing herein shall limit such Purchaser&rsquo;s right
to pursue actual damages for the Public Information Failure, and such Purchaser shall have the right to pursue all remedies available
to it at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.3 <U>Integration</U>. The Company shall not
sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section&nbsp;2 of the Securities
Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities in a manner that would require the registration under the Securities
Act of the sale of the Warrants or Warrant Shares or that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of
the rules&nbsp;and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other
transaction unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.4 <U>Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity</U>.
The Company shall (a)&nbsp;by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated
hereby, and (b)&nbsp;file a Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K, including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, with the Commission
within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press release, the Company represents to the Purchasers
that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to any of the Purchasers by the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the
Placement Agent, in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In addition, effective upon the issuance
of such press release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement,
whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates
or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, on the one hand, and any of the Purchasers or any of their Affiliates on
the other hand, shall terminate and be of no further force or effect. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be
relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. The Company and each Purchaser shall consult
with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor
any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company,
with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or without the prior consent of each Purchaser, with respect to any press release
of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case
the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with
the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except (a)&nbsp;as required
by federal securities law in connection with the filing of final Transaction Documents with the Commission and (b)&nbsp;to the extent
such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice
of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b)&nbsp;and reasonably cooperate with such Purchaser regarding such disclosure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.5 <U>Shareholder Rights Plan</U>. No claim will
be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Purchaser is an &ldquo;<U>Acquiring
Person</U>&rdquo; under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement)
or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger
the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement
between the Company and the Purchasers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.6 <U>Non-Public Information</U>. Except with
respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, which shall be disclosed pursuant
to Section&nbsp;4.4, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf will provide any Purchaser
or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes constitutes, material non-public information,
unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have consented in writing to the receipt of such information and agreed in writing with the
Company to keep such information confidential. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing
covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. To the extent that the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their
respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates delivers any material, non-public information to a Purchaser without such
Purchaser&rsquo;s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that such Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the
Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without
limitation, the Placement Agent, or a duty to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, employees,
Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, not to trade on the basis of, such material, non-public information,
provided that the Purchaser shall remain subject to applicable law. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction
Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously
with the delivery of such notice file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K. The Company understands
and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.7 <U>Use of Proceeds</U>. The Company shall
use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder for working capital and other general corporate purposes and shall not
use such proceeds: (a)&nbsp;for the satisfaction of any portion of the Company&rsquo;s debt (other than payment of trade payables in the
ordinary course of the Company&rsquo;s business and prior practices), (b)&nbsp;for the redemption of any Common Stock or Common Stock
Equivalents, (c)&nbsp;for the settlement of any outstanding litigation or (d)&nbsp;in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.8 <U>Indemnification of Purchasers</U>. Subject
to the provisions of this Section&nbsp;4.8, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors, officers, shareholders,
members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding
a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;15 of the Securities
Act and Section&nbsp;20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any
other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title)
of such controlling persons (each, a &ldquo;Purchaser Party&rdquo;) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims,
contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys&rsquo;
fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a)&nbsp;any breach of
any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents
or (b)&nbsp;any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any
stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the
Transaction Documents (unless such action is solely based upon a material breach of such Purchaser Party&rsquo;s representations, warranties
or covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party may have with any such stockholder
or any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such Purchaser Party which is finally
judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct). If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser
Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in
writing, and, the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to
the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense
thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i)&nbsp;the
employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii)&nbsp;the Company has failed after a reasonable period
of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii)&nbsp;in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel a material
conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company
shall be responsible for the reasonable, actual and documented fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company
will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y)&nbsp;for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company&rsquo;s
prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z)&nbsp;to the extent, but only to the extent that a loss,
claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party&rsquo;s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants
or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in this Agreement or contained within the Transaction Documents. The indemnification required
by this Section&nbsp;4.8 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as
and when bills are received or are incurred; provided, however, that if it is subsequently determined by a final, non-appealable judgment
of a court of competent jurisdiction that a Purchaser Party was not entitled to receive such periodic payments, such Purchaser Party shall
promptly (but in no event later than five Business Days) return such payments to the Company. The indemnity agreements contained herein
shall be in addition to any cause of action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities
the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.9 <U>Reservation of Common Stock</U>. As of
the date hereof, the Company has reserved and the Company shall continue to reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive
rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue Shares pursuant to this Agreement
and Warrant Shares pursuant to any exercise of the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.10 <U>Listing of Common Stock</U>. The Company
hereby agrees to use commercially reasonable best efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common Stock on the Trading Market
on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote all of the Shares and Warrant
Shares on such Trading Market and promptly secure the listing of all of the Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market. The Company
further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application
all of the Shares and Warrant Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Shares and Warrant Shares to
be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to
continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on a Trading Market and will comply in all respects with the Company&rsquo;s reporting,
filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules&nbsp;of the Trading Market. The Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the
Common Stock for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without
limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with
such electronic transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.11 <U>Shareholder Approval</U>. The Company
shall hold a special meeting of shareholders (which may also be at the annual meeting of shareholders) at the earliest practical date
after the date hereof (but in any case, on or before April&nbsp;15, 2024) for the purpose of obtaining Shareholder Approval, with the
recommendation of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors that such proposal be approved, and the Company shall solicit proxies from its
shareholders in connection therewith in the same manner as all other management proposals in such proxy statement and all management-appointed
proxyholders shall vote their proxies in favor of such proposal. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to obtain such Shareholder
Approval. If the Company does not obtain Shareholder Approval at the first meeting, the Company shall call a meeting every four months
thereafter to seek Shareholder Approval until the date Shareholder Approval is obtained.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.12 <U>Subsequent Equity Sales</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(a)&nbsp;From the date hereof until 60 days after
the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall (i)&nbsp;issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance
or proposed issuance of any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or (ii)&nbsp;file any registration statement or any amendment
or supplement thereto, other than the Prospectus Supplement or as contemplated pursuant to Section&nbsp;4.18 herein or filing a registration
statement on Form&nbsp;S-8 in connection with any employee benefit plan.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(b)&nbsp;From the date hereof until 180 days after
the Closing Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction.
 &ldquo;<U>Variable Rate Transaction</U>&rdquo; means a transaction in which the Company (i)&nbsp;issues or sells any debt or equity securities
that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive additional shares of Common Stock either (A)&nbsp;at
a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations
for the shares of Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities, or (B)&nbsp;with a conversion,
exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security
or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for
the Common Stock or (ii)&nbsp;enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line
of credit or an &ldquo;at-the-market offering&rdquo;, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price regardless
of whether shares pursuant to such agreement have actually been issued and regardless of whether such agreement is subsequently canceled;
provided, however, that following the restrictive period set forth in Section&nbsp;4.12(a), the entry into and/or issuance of shares of
Common Stock in an &ldquo;at-the-market&rdquo; offering with the Placement Agent as sales agent shall not be deemed a Variable Rate Transaction.
Any Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in
addition to any right to collect damages.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(c)&nbsp;Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section&nbsp;4.12
shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance, except that no Variable Rate Transaction shall be an Exempt Issuance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.13 <U>Equal Treatment of Purchasers</U>. No
consideration (including any modification of any Transaction Document) shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a
waiver or modification of any provision of the Transaction Documents unless the same consideration is also offered to all of the parties
to the Transaction Documents. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by the
Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class and shall not
in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Securities
or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.14 <U>Certain Transactions and Confidentiality</U>.
Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that neither it nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf
or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short Sales of any of the Company&rsquo;s securities
during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section&nbsp;4.4. Each Purchaser, severally and not
jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed
by the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section&nbsp;4.4, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality
of the existence and terms of this transaction (other than as disclosed to its legal and other representatives). Notwithstanding the foregoing
and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i)&nbsp;no
Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of
the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press
release as described in Section&nbsp;4.4, (ii)&nbsp;no Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in
any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section&nbsp;4.4 and (iii)&nbsp;no
Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade in the securities of the Company to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries,
or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agent, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, after
the issuance of the initial press release as described in Section&nbsp;4.4. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser
that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser&rsquo;s assets
and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions
of such Purchaser&rsquo;s assets, the covenant set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio
manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.15 <U>Capital Changes</U>. Until the one year
anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company shall not undertake a reverse or forward stock split or reclassification of the Common Stock
without the prior written consent of the Purchasers holding a majority in interest of the Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants other than a
reverse stock split that is required, in the good faith determination of the Board of Directors, to maintain the listing of the Common
Stock on the Trading Market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.16 <U>Exercise Procedures</U>. The form of Notice
of Exercise included in the Warrants set forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers in order to exercise the Warrants.
No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of the Purchasers to exercise their Warrants. Without
limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type
of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required in order to exercise the Warrants. The Company shall honor exercises
of the Warrants and shall deliver Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth in the Transaction
Documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.17 <U>Form&nbsp;D; Blue Sky Filings</U>. The
Company agrees to timely file a Form&nbsp;D with respect to the Common Warrant and Common Warrant Shares as required under Regulation
D and to provide a copy thereof, promptly upon request of any Purchaser. The Company shall take such action as the Company shall reasonably
determine is necessary in order to obtain an exemption for, or to qualify the Common Warrant and Common Warrant Shares for, sale to the
Purchasers at the Closing under applicable securities or &ldquo;Blue Sky&rdquo; laws of the states of the United States, and shall provide
evidence of such actions promptly upon request of any Purchaser.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.18 <U>Registration Statement</U>. As soon as
practicable (and in any event within 45 calendar days of the date of this Agreement), the Company shall file a registration statement
on Form&nbsp;S-3 (or other appropriate form if the Company is not then S-3 eligible) providing for the resale by the Purchasers of the
Warrant Shares issued and issuable upon exercise of the Warrants. The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such
registration statement to become effective within 90 days following the Closing Date and to keep such registration statement effective
at all times until no Purchaser owns any Warrants or Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.19 <U>Lock-Up Agreements</U>. The Company shall
not amend, modify, waive or terminate any provision of any of the Lock-Up Agreements except to extend the term of the lock-up period and
shall enforce the provisions of each Lock-Up Agreement in accordance with its terms. If any party to a Lock-Up Agreement breaches any
provision of a Lock-Up Agreement, the Company shall promptly use its best efforts to seek specific performance of the terms of such Lock-Up
Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.20 <U>Voting Agreements</U>. The Company shall
have delivered to Purchaser a voting agreement executed by each of the Company&rsquo;s officers and directors whereby they shall agree
to vote in accordance with the Shareholder Approval.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.21 <U>Reduction of Exercise Price and Extension
of Existing Warrants</U>: The Company irrevocably agrees, effective on the Approval Effective Date, to (x)&nbsp;reduce the exercise price,
and (y)&nbsp;extend the term of the outstanding warrants listed on <U>Schedule 4.21</U> to the price and date set forth thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;V.</B></FONT><BR>
MISCELLANEOUS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.1 <U>Termination</U>. This Agreement may be
terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser&rsquo;s obligations hereunder only and without any effect whatsoever on the obligations
between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing has not been consummated on or before
the fifth (5th) Trading Day following the date hereof; provided, however, that no such termination will affect the right of any party
to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.2 <U>Fees and Expenses</U>. Except as expressly
set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants
and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery
and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees (including, without limitation, any fees required for
same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any exercise notice delivered by a Purchaser), stamp taxes
and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.3 <U>Entire Agreement</U>. The Transaction Documents,
together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, contain the entire understanding of the
parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written,
with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.4 <U>Notices</U>. Any and all notices or other
communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective
on the earliest of: (a)&nbsp;the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via email attachment at the email
address as set forth on the signature pages&nbsp;attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time) on a Trading Day,
(b)&nbsp;the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via email attachment at the
email address as set forth on the signature pages&nbsp;attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m.&nbsp;(New
York City time) on any Trading Day, (c)&nbsp;the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized
overnight courier service or (d)&nbsp;upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such
notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages&nbsp;attached hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.5 <U>Amendments; Waivers</U>. No provision
of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment,
by the Company and Purchasers which purchased at least 50.1% in interest of the Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants based on the initial Subscription
Amounts hereunder (or, prior to the Closing, the Company and each Purchaser) or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement
of any such waived provision is sought, provided that if any amendment, modification or waiver disproportionately and adversely impacts
a Purchaser (or group of Purchasers), the consent of such disproportionately impacted Purchaser (or group of Purchasers) shall also be
required. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a
continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof,
nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. Any
proposed amendment or waiver that disproportionately, materially and adversely affects the rights and obligations of any Purchaser relative
to the comparable rights and obligations of the other Purchasers shall require the prior written consent of such adversely affected Purchaser.
Any amendment effected in accordance with this Section&nbsp;5.5 shall be binding upon each Purchaser and holder of Securities and the
Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.6 <U>Headings</U>. The headings herein are for
convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.7 <U>Successors and Assigns</U>. This Agreement
shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this
Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Purchaser (other than by merger). Any Purchaser
may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided
that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents
that apply to the &ldquo;Purchasers.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.8 <U>No Third-Party Beneficiaries</U>. The Placement
Agent shall be the third party beneficiary of the representations, warranties, and covenants of the Company in this Agreement and the
representations, warranties, and covenants of the Purchasers in this Agreement. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties
hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by,
any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section&nbsp;4.8 and this Section&nbsp;5.8.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.9 <U>Governing Law</U>. All questions concerning
the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced
in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party
agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders,
partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York.
Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough
of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed
herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not
to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action
or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process
and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight
delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such
service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit
in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party shall commence an Action or Proceeding to enforce
any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Section&nbsp;4.8, the prevailing
party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and other
costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such Action or Proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.10 <U>Survival</U>. The representations and
warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.11 <U>Execution</U>. This Agreement may be executed
in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective
when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that the parties need not sign
the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by e-mail delivery of a &ldquo;.pdf&rdquo; format data file (including
any electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transaction Act, the Electronic Signatures
and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., www.docusign.com), such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party
executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such &ldquo;.pdf&rdquo; signature page&nbsp;were
an original thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.12 <U>Severability</U>. If any term, provision,
covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable,
the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in
no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ
an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction.
It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions,
covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.13 <U>Rescission and Withdrawal Right</U>. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever
any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related
obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time
upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions
and rights; provided, however, that in the case of a rescission of an exercise of a Warrant, the applicable Purchaser shall be required
to return any shares of Common Stock subject to any such rescinded exercise notice concurrently with the return to such Purchaser of the
aggregate exercise price paid to the Company for such shares and the restoration of such Purchaser&rsquo;s right to acquire such shares
pursuant to such Purchaser&rsquo;s Warrant (including, issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.14 <U>Replacement of Securities</U>. If any
certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued
in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a
new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction.
The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including
customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.15 <U>Remedies</U>. In addition to being entitled
to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company will be
entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation
for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not
to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.16 <U>Payment Set Aside</U>. To the extent that
the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its
rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated,
declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise
restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state
or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally
intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement
or setoff had not occurred.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.17 <U>Independent Nature of Purchasers&rsquo;
Obligations and Rights</U>. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations
of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non-performance of the obligations of
any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken
by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture
or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to
such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect
and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents,
and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any Proceeding for such purpose. Each Purchaser
has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents. For reasons of administrative
convenience only, each Purchaser and its respective counsel have chosen to communicate with the Company through HSE. HSE does not represent
any of the Purchasers and only represents the Placement Agent. The Company has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and
Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required or requested to do so by any of the Purchasers.
It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in this Agreement and in each other Transaction Document is between
the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.18 <U>Liquidated Damages</U>. The Company&rsquo;s
obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts owing under the Transaction Documents is a continuing obligation of
the Company and shall not terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and other amounts have been paid notwithstanding the fact
that the instrument or security pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages or other amounts are due and payable shall have been
canceled.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.19 <U>Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays,&nbsp;etc</U>.
If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business
Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.20 <U>Construction</U>. The parties agree that
each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore,
the normal rule&nbsp;of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed
in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to share prices and
shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends,
stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5.21 <B><U>WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION,
SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO
THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY,&nbsp;IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL
BY JURY.</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Signature Pages&nbsp;Follow)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties
hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first
indicated above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt"><U>Address for Notice:</U> <BR>
50 Health Sciences Drive <BR>
Stony Brook, NY 11790 <BR>
Attention: Beth Jantzen, CFO</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 47%; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 47%; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">E-Mail: beth.jantzen@adnas.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">With a copy to (which shall not constitute <BR>
notice): <BR>
McDermott Will&nbsp;&amp; Emery LLP <BR>
One Vanderbilt Avenue <BR>
New York, NY 10017 <BR>
Attention: Merrill M. Kraines,&nbsp;Esq. <BR>
Todd R. Kornfeld,&nbsp;Esq. <BR>
Email: mkraines@mwe.com; <BR>
tkornfeld@mwe.com</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO<BR>
APPLIED DNA SCIENCES,&nbsp;INC. SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned
have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated
above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 13%">Name of Purchaser:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 33%"><I>Signature</I> <I>of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser:</I></TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 20%">Name of Authorized Signatory:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 20%">Title of Authorized Signatory:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 25%">Email Address of Authorized Signatory:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 20%">Address for Notice to Purchaser:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Address for Delivery of Warrants to Purchaser (if not same as address
for notice):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Subscription Amount: $_________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Shares: _________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pre-Funded
Warrant Shares: ___________ Beneficial Ownership Blocker </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT> 4.99% or <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> 9.99%</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Common
Warrant Shares: _____________ Beneficial Ownership Blocker <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT> 4.99% or <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT> 9.99%</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">EIN Number: _______________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT>
Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, by checking this box (i)&nbsp;the obligations of the above-signed
to purchase the securities set forth in this Agreement to be purchased from the Company by the above-signed, and the obligations of the
Company to sell such securities to the above-signed, shall be unconditional and all conditions to Closing shall be disregarded, (ii)&nbsp;the
Closing shall occur on the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of this Agreement and (iii)&nbsp;any condition to Closing contemplated
by this Agreement (but prior to being disregarded by clause (i)&nbsp;above) that required delivery by the Company or the above-signed
of any agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) shall no longer be a condition and shall instead
be an unconditional obligation of the Company or the above-signed (as applicable) to deliver such agreement, instrument, certificate or
the like or purchase price (as applicable) to such other party on the Closing Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[SIGNATURE PAGES CONTINUE]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>tm244700d1_ex99-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 99.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="tm244700d1_ex99-1img001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Applied DNA Announces $3.44 Million Registered
Direct Offering<BR>
Priced At-the-Market Under Nasdaq Rules</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>STONY
BROOK, N.Y., </B></FONT>- <B>January&nbsp;31, 2024</B> - <U>Applied DNA Sciences,&nbsp;Inc.</U> (NASDAQ: APDN) (Applied DNA), a leader
in PCR-based DNA technologies, today announced that it has entered into securities purchase agreements (SPAs) with certain existing institutional
investors (collectively the &ldquo;Holders&rdquo;) for the issuance and sale of an aggregate of 5,644,061 of its shares of common stock
(or prefunded warrants in lieu thereof) at a purchase price of $0.609 per share in a registered direct offering priced at-the-market
under Nasdaq rules.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
a concurrent private placement, the Company has also agreed to issue and sell unregistered warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of
11,288,122 shares of its common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $0.609 per share, will become exercisable on the first
trading day after receipt of stockholder approval, and will expire on the five-year anniversary of the date of stockholder approval.
The warrants cannot be exercised until their terms have been approved by the Company&rsquo;s stockholders at a stockholders meeting.
Under the terms of the SPAs, the Company will also reduce the exercise price of 3,055,139 common stock warrants previously issued to
and currently held by the Holders to $0.609 per warrant share and will extend warrant expiration dates into 2028. </FONT>In addition,
58,074 outstanding common stock warrants held by other investors who are not participating in this offering will have their exercise
price reduced to $0.609 per warrant share and will have their warrant expiration dates extended into 2028. The reduction of the exercise
price and extension of expiration of such outstanding common stock warrants is subject to approval by the Company&rsquo;s stockholders
at a stockholder meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; color: #0a0a0a">The closing of the offering is
expected to occur on or about February&nbsp;2, 2024, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. Applied DNA intends
to use the net proceeds from the offering for the further development of its therapeutic DNA production services, including the establishment
of a fit-for-purpose manufacturing capacity for DNA critical starting materials for the manufacture of mRNA therapies, as well as general
corporate purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; color: #0a0a0a">Maxim Group LLC is acting as
the exclusive placement agent for the offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; color: #0a0a0a"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">This
press release does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy, nor will there be any sales of these securities
in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities
laws of such jurisdiction. This offering is being made pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 (File No.&nbsp;333-272267)
previously filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;) and deemed effective on June&nbsp;6, 2023.
The offering is made only by means of a prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus, which will be filed with the SEC and will
be available on the SEC's website located at&nbsp;</FONT>http://www.sec.gov. Electronic copies of the prospectus supplement may be obtained,
when available, from Maxim Group LLC,300 Park Avenue, 16<SUP>th</SUP> Floor, New York, NY 10022.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>About Applied DNA Sciences</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Applied DNA Sciences is a biotechnology company
developing technologies to produce and detect deoxyribonucleic acid (&ldquo;DNA&rdquo;). Using the polymerase chain reaction (&ldquo;PCR&rdquo;)
to enable both the production and detection of DNA, we operate in three primary business markets: (i)&nbsp;the enzymatic manufacture
of synthetic DNA for use in the production of nucleic acid-based therapeutics and, through our recent acquisition of Spindle Biotech,&nbsp;Inc.
(&ldquo;Spindle&rdquo;), the development and sale of a proprietary RNA polymerase (&ldquo;RNAP&rdquo;) for use in the production of mRNA
therapeutics; (ii)&nbsp;the detection of DNA and RNA in molecular diagnostics and genetic testing services; and (iii)&nbsp;the manufacture
and detection of DNA for industrial supply chain security services.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Visit&nbsp;</FONT><U>adnas.com</U> for
more information. Follow us on&nbsp;<U>Twitter</U>&nbsp;and <U>LinkedIn.</U> Join our <U>mailing list</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Forward-Looking Statements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The statements made by Applied DNA in this press
release may be &quot;forward-looking&quot; in nature within the meaning of Section&nbsp;27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section&nbsp;21E
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements describe
Applied DNA's future plans, projections, strategies, and expectations, and are based on assumptions and involve a number of risks and
uncertainties, many of which are beyond the control of Applied DNA. Actual results could differ materially from those projected due to
its history of net losses, limited financial resources, its need for future financing, unknown future demand for its biotherapeutics
products and services, the inherent risk and unknown outcome of research and development projects, the unknown amount of revenues and
profits that will result from the Linea DNA&trade; and/or Linea&trade; IVT platforms, the fact that there has never been a commercial
drug product utilizing PCR-produced DNA technology and/or the Linea IVT or Linea DNA platforms approved for human therapeutic use, the
risk that the offering described herein may not close, and various other factors detailed from time to time in Applied DNA's SEC reports
and filings, including its Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K filed on December&nbsp;7, 2023, as amended, and other reports it files with
the SEC, which are available at www.sec.gov. Applied DNA undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements to
reflect new information, events, or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, unless
otherwise required by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Contacts:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Applied DNA Sciences</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Investor
Relations contact: </B></FONT>Sanjay M. Hurry, 917-733-5573, sanjay.hurry@adnas.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Web:</B></FONT>
www.adnas.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Twitter:
</B></FONT>@APDN</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">###</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>apdn-20240131.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" ?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 5.21a -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Misc; Value: +aA5w7xRiXgen8uLa3ZcWa6DGbOdzZR+eYkxtmB+bVmqnyMgMR/aQye7SnJWQawD -->
<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2023" xmlns:srt-types="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2023" xmlns:apdn="http://adnas.com/20240131" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://adnas.com/20240131">
    <annotation>
      <appinfo>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://adnas.com/role/Cover" id="Cover">
          <link:definition>00000001 - Document - Cover</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="apdn-20240131_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Presentation Links" />
        <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="apdn-20240131_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Label Links" />
      </appinfo>
    </annotation>
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-types-2023.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31/types.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2023/country-2023.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-types-2023.xsd" />
</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>apdn-20240131_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 5.21a -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodEndLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodEndLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodStartLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodStartLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTotalLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedNetLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedNetLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" />
    <link:labelLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link">
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:to="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Registration Statement</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>apdn-20240131_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139754502897680">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jan. 31,  2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-36745<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000744452<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">59-2262718<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">50 Health Sciences Drive<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Stony Brook<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">11790<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">631<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">240-8800<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $0.001 par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">APDN<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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