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Income Tax
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax

10.    Income Tax

The effective income tax rate for the current quarter and the prior year quarter was approximately 25% and 333%,  respectively, resulting in an income tax (benefit) provision of $(0.15) million and $0.14 million, respectively.

The effective income tax rate for the current nine months and prior year nine months was approximately 10% and 40%, respectively, resulting in an income tax (benefit) provision of $(0.27) million and $1.28 million, respectively.

For the current quarter, the federal statutory rate differed from the effective tax rate primarily due to state taxes and recurring permanent differences, which increased the effective tax rate by approximately 12% and 18%, respectively, partially offset by the tax impact from the vesting of restricted shares of common stock, which was treated as a discrete item for tax purposes and decreased the effective rate by approximately 26%. The effective tax rate was also affected by the tax impact of a potential federal net operating loss carryback due to the CARES Act; this item increased the effective rate by approximately 3%.

For the prior year quarter, the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to the tax impact from the vesting of restricted shares of common stock, which was treated as a discrete item for tax purposes; this item increased the effective rate by approximately 291%. The federal statutory rate also differed from the effective tax rate due to state taxes and recurring permanent differences, which increased the effective tax rate by approximately 8% and 12%, respectively.

For the current nine months, the federal statutory rate differed from the effective tax rate primarily due to the tax impact from the vesting of restricted shares of common stock, which was treated as a discrete item for tax purposes and decreased the effect rate by approximately 5%. The effective rate was also attributable to state taxes and recurring permanent differences, which increased the effective tax rate by approximately 6% and decreased the effective tax rate by approximately 3%, respectively.

For the prior year nine months, the federal statutory rate differed from the effective tax rate primarily due to state taxes and recurring permanent differences, which increased the effective tax rate by approximately 9% and 9%, respectively. The effective tax rate was also partially attributable to the tax impact from the vesting of restricted shares of common stock, which was treated as a discrete item for tax purposes; this item increased the effective rate by approximately 4%.

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted and signed into law. The CARES Act includes certain provisions impacting businesses’ income taxes related to 2018, 2019, and 2020. Some of the significant tax law changes are to increase the limitation on deductible business interest expense for 2019 and 2020, allow for the five-year carryback of net operating losses for 2018-2020, suspend the 80% limitation of taxable income for net operating loss carryforwards for 2018-2020, provide for the acceleration of depreciation expense from 2018 and forward on qualified improvement property, and accelerate the ability to claim refunds of AMT credit carryforwards. The Company is required to recognize the effect of tax law changes on its financial statements in the period in which the law was enacted. At this time, the Company may avail itself of the ability to carry back net operating losses generated in 2018 and 2019 tax years for five years, which would result in an estimated income statement benefit of $98,000 and tax refund receivable of $203,000.