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Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2014
Accounting Policies (Policies) |
Organization and Nature of Operations | Organization and Nature of Operations – China Pharma Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation, owns 100% of Onny Investment Limited (Onny), a British Virgin Islands corporation, which owns 100% of Hainan Helpson Medical & Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Helpson), a company organized under the laws of the People's Republic of China (the PRC). China Pharma Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries are referred to herein as the Company. On December 31, 2012, China Pharma Holdings, Inc consummated a reincorporation merger for the purpose of changing its state of incorporation from Delaware to Nevada pursuant to the terms and conditions of an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated December 27, 2012. The reincorporation merger was approved by stockholders holding the majority of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock on December 21, 2012. The Foreign Investment Industrial Catalogue (the “Catalogue”) jointly issued by China’s Ministry of Commerce and the National Development and Reform Commission (the latest version is the 2012 version, effective January 30, 2012) classified various industries/businesses into three different categories: (i) encouraged for foreign investment; (ii) restricted to foreign investment; and (iii) prohibited from foreign investment. For any industry/business not covered by any of these three categories, they will be deemed industries/businesses permitted for foreign investment. A typical foreign investment ownership restriction in the pharmaceutical industry is that a foreign investment enterprise (the “FIE”) shall not have the whole or majority of its equity interests owned by a foreign owner if the FIE establishes more than 30 branch stores and distributes a variety of brands in those franchise stores, which is not the case for the Company’s business. Helpson manufactures and markets generic and branded pharmaceutical products as well as biochemical products primarily to hospitals and private retailers located throughout the PRC. The Company believes Helpson’s business is not subject to any ownership restrictions prescribed under the Catalogue. Onny acquired 100% of the ownership in Helpson on May 25, 2005 by entering into an Equity Transfer Agreement with Helpson’s three former shareholders. The transaction was approved by the Commercial Bureau of Hainan Province on June 12, 2005 and Helpson received the Certificate of Approval for Establishing of Enterprises with Foreign Investment in the PRC on the same day and its business license evidencing its WFOE (Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise) status on June 21, 2005. The Company has acquired and continues to acquire well-accepted medical formulas to add to its diverse portfolio of Western and Chinese medicines.
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation | Consolidation and Basis of Presentation – The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and are expressed in United States dollars. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation. Helpson’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi. Helpson’s revenue and expenses are translated into United States dollars at the average exchange rate for the period. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate as of the end of the reporting period. Gains or losses from translating Helpson’s financial statements are included in accumulated other comprehensive income, which is a component of stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity that is party to the transaction are included in the results of operations.
Accounting Estimates | Accounting Estimates - The methodology used to prepare for the Company’s financial statements is in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which requires the management of the Company (“Management”) to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Therefore, actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy | Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents include interest bearing and non-interest bearing bank deposits, money market accounts, and short-term banker’s acceptances purchased with maturities of three months or less.
Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts – Trade accounts receivables are carried at the original invoiced amounts less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowances for doubtful accounts are calculated based on a detailed review of certain individual customer accounts and an estimation of the overall economic conditions affecting the Company's customer base. The Company reviews a customer's credit history before extending credit to the customer. If the financial condition of its customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additions to the allowance would be required. A provision is made against accounts receivable to the extent they are considered unlikely to be collected. It is common practice in the PRC for receivables to extend beyond one year. Customer balances outstanding for more than one year are allowed for at a greater rate when calculating the allowance for doubtful accounts. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had trade accounts receivable amounting to $48,569,986 from sales that occurred more than one year from that date, which the Company believes are collectable. During 2014, the Company offered two of its largest customers a discount of 30% for payments for accounts receivable that were older than one year. The amount of the outstanding accounts receivable balance the discount was applied to was approximately $1.8 million. As a result, the Company recognized additional bad debt expense of approximately $0.53 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. During 2013, Management negotiated settlement offers with certain customers with approximately $8.0 million in accounts receivable balances that were greater than one (1) year past due. The offers to these customers were comprised of discounts ranging from 15% to 30% of the total past due balance in exchange for payment in full by December 31, 2013. As a result, the Company was able to collect cash of approximately $5.85 million, and recognized additional bad debt expenses for the negotiated discounts of approximately $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Advances to Suppliers and Advances from Customers | Advances to Suppliers and Advances from Customers – Common practice in the PRC is to make advances to suppliers for materials and to receive advances from customers for finished products. Advances to suppliers are applied to trade accounts payable when the materials are received. Advances received from customers are applied against trade accounts receivable when finished products are sold.
Inventory, Policy | Inventory – Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, computed on an average cost basis. We charge inventory obsolescence expense for inventory allowance to write down our inventory to the lower of cost or estimated market value or to completely write off obsolete or excess inventory. Charges to inventory obsolescence expense totaled $2,250,130 and $9,881,711 for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company recognized an inventory obsolescence reserve of ($1,093,082) and $6,257,142 for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets | Valuation of Long-Lived Assets – The carrying values of long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable. When such an event occurs, the Company projects the undiscounted cash flows to be generated from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition over the remaining life of the asset. If projections indicate that the carrying value of an asset will not be recovered, it is reduced by the estimated excess of the carrying value over the projected discounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the asset. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company evaluated its long-lived assets and determined that no impairment adjustment was necessary.
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment – Property and equipment are stated at cost. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expenses as incurred and major improvements are capitalized. Gains or losses on sale, trade-in or retirement are included in operations during the period of disposition.
Revenue Recognition, Policy | Revenue Recognition – Revenue is considered earned when the Company obtains persuasive evidence of an arrangement with the customer, when delivery of the products has occurred, when the sales price is fixed or determinable, and when collectability is reasonably assured. Delivery does not occur until products have been shipped to the customer, the risk of loss has transferred to the customer and customer acceptance has been obtained, customer acceptance provisions have lapsed, or the Company obtains objective evidence that the criteria specified in the customer acceptance provisions have been satisfied. The sales price is not considered to be fixed or determinable until all contingencies related to the sale have been resolved. Revenue is deferred when collectability is not considered to be reasonably assured
Cost of Revenues, Policy | Cost of Revenues – Cost of revenues includes wages, materials, handling charges, and other expenses associated with the manufacture and delivery of products
Research and Development Expense, Policy | Research and Development – Research and development expenditures are recorded as expenses in the period in which they occur. Research and development expenses were $2,798,557 and $1,683,244 for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Retirement Benefit Plans | Retirement Benefit Plans – The Company is required to make monthly contributions at prescribed rates to various employee retirement benefit plans organized by the provincial governments. The benefit plans of the government assume the retirement benefit obligations of all existing and future retired employees of the Company. The Company contributed $249,921 and $241,384 to retirement benefit plans for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Contributions to these plans are charged to expense as incurred.
Advertising Costs, Policy | Advertising Costs – Advertising costs are expensed when incurred. The Company did not incur any advertising costs for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.
Basic and Diluted (Loss) Earnings per Common Share | Basic and Diluted (Loss) Earnings per Common Share - Basic (loss) earnings per common share is computed by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted (loss) earnings per share is calculated to give effect to potentially issuable dilutive common shares. The following table is a presentation of the numerators and denominators used in the calculation of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share:
|  | For the Year |
|  | Ended December 31, |
|  | 2014 |  |  | 2013 |
|  | (As restated) |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (39,550,760 | ) |  | $ | (20,008,049 | )
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding |  |  | 43,579,557 |  |  |  | 43,579,557 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrants |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Options |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding |  |  | 43,579,557 |  |  |  | 43,579,557 |
Basic loss per share |  | $ | (0.91 | ) |  | $ | (0.46 | )
Diluted loss per share |  | $ | (0.91 | ) |  | $ | (0.46 | )
There were no potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Credit Risk, Policy | Credit Risk – The carrying amount of accounts receivable included in the balance sheet represents the Company's exposure to credit risk in relation to its financial assets. No other financial assets carries a significant exposure to credit risk. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of each customer's financial condition. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts and such allowances in the aggregate have not exceeded Management's estimates. The Company has its cash in bank deposits primarily at state owned banks located in the PRC. Historically, deposits in PRC banks have been secured due to the state policy of protecting depositors’ interests. The PRC promulgated a new Bankruptcy Law in August 2006, effective June 1, 2007, which contains provisions for the implementation of measures for the bankruptcy of PRC banks. In the event that bankruptcy laws are enacted for banks in the PRC, the Company’s deposits may be at a higher risk of loss.
Interest Rate Risk | Interest Rate Risk – The Company is exposed to the risk arising from changing interest rates, which may affect the ability of repayment of existing debts and viability of securing future debt instruments within the PRC.
Recently Announced Accounting Standards | Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (ASU 2014-09), which contains new accounting literature relating to how and when a company recognizes revenue. Under ASU 2014-09, a company recognizes revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. ASU 2014-09 will be effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2017, with early application not permitted. The Company is in the process of determining what impact, if any, the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. The standard permits the use of either the full retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the effect of the standard on its ongoing financial reporting. In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The ASU clarifies how entities should treat performance targets that can be achieved after the requisite service period of a share-based payment award. The accounting standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning December 15, 2015. The Company does not anticipate the adoption of ASU 2014-12 will have a material impact on its financial statements and related disclosures. Other accounting standards that have been issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, result of operations or cash flows.

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- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for costs it has incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 730 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6420194&loc=d3e21568-108373 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Glossary Research and Development -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6523717 + Details
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- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for revenue recognition. If the entity has different policies for different types of revenue transactions, the policy for each material type of transaction is generally disclosed. If a sales transaction has multiple element arrangements (for example, delivery of multiple products, services or the rights to use assets) the disclosure may indicate the accounting policy for each unit of accounting as well as how units of accounting are determined and valued. The disclosure may encompass important judgment as to appropriateness of principles related to recognition of revenue. The disclosure also may indicate the entity's treatment of any unearned or deferred revenue that arises from the transaction. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18823-107790 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18726-107790 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 605 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 13.B.Q1) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27012821&loc=d3e214044-122780 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 13 -Section B -Paragraph Question 1 + Details
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