10-K 1 cphi10k123115.htm
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015
or
¨ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _________ to _____________
Commission file number: 001-34471
China Pharma Holdings, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada | 73-1564807
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (IRS Employer Identification No.)

Second Floor, No. 17, Jinpan Road
Haikou, Hainan Province, China 570216
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number: (011) 86 898-6681-1730
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value Per Share |  | NYSE MKT

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such report(s)), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o Do not check if a smaller reporting company | Smaller reporting company x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and ask price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter: $10,336,774 as of June 30, 2015, based on the closing price of $0.36 of the Company's common stock on such date.
The number of outstanding shares of the registrant's common stock on March 23, 2016 was 43,579,557.
Documents Incorporated by Reference: None.
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FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT
FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  |  |  | PAGE
PART I |  |  |  |
Item 1. |  | Business. |  | 4
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors. |  | 20
Item 1B. |  | Unresolved Staff Comments. |  | 41
Item 2. |  | Properties. |  | 41
Item 3. |  | Legal Proceedings. |  | 42
Item 4. |  | Mine Safety Disclosures. |  | 42
PART II |  |  |  |
Item 5. |  | Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. |  | 43
Item 6. |  | Selected Financial Data |  | 44
Item 7. |  | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. |  | 44
Item 7A. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. |  | 54
Item 8. |  | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. |  | 54
Item 9. |  | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. |  | 54
Item 9A. |  | Controls and Procedures. |  | 54
Item 9B. |  | Other Information. |  | 55
PART III |  |  |  |
Item 10. |  | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. |  | 56
Item 11. |  | Executive Compensation. |  | 58
Item 12. |  | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholders Matters. |  | 59
Item 13. |  | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence. |  | 60
Item 14. |  | Principal Accountant Fees and Services. |  | 61
PART IV |  |  |  |
Item 15. |  | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules. |  | 62
SIGNATURES |  |
EXHIBIT INDEX |  |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |  |

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The statements contained in this report with respect to our financial condition, results of operations and business that are not historical facts are "forward-looking statements". Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as "anticipate", "believe", "expect", "plan", "intend", "seek", "estimate", "project", "could", "may" or the negative thereof or other variations thereon, or by discussions of strategy that involve risks and uncertainties. Management wishes to caution the reader of the forward-looking statements that any such statements that are contained in this report reflect our current beliefs with respect to future events and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including, but not limited to, economic, competitive, regulatory, technological, key employees, and general business factors affecting our operations, markets, growth, services, products, licenses and other factors, some of which are described in this report including in "Risk Factors" in Item 1A and some of which are discussed in our other filings with the SEC. These forward-looking statements are only estimates or predictions. No assurances can be given regarding the achievement of future results, as actual results may differ materially as a result of risks facing our company, and actual events may differ from the assumptions underlying the statements that have been made regarding anticipated events.
These risk factors should be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue. All written and oral forward looking statements made in connection with this report that are attributable to our company or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. Given these uncertainties, we caution investors not to unduly rely on our forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any obligation to review or confirm analysts' expectations or estimates or to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by applicable law or regulation.
Notwithstanding the above, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") expressly state that the safe harbor for forward-looking statements does not apply to companies that issue penny stock. If we are ever considered to be an issuer of penny stock, the safe harbor for forward-looking statements may not apply to us at certain times.
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
We are principally engaged in the development, manufacture and marketing of pharmaceutical products for human use in connection with a variety of high-incidence and high-mortality diseases and medical conditions in the People's Republic of China (the "PRC"). All of our operations are conducted in the PRC, where our manufacturing facilities are located. We manufacture pharmaceutical products in the form of dry powder injectables, liquid injectables, tablets, capsules, oral solutions and granules. All of our pharmaceutical products are sold on a prescription basis and have been approved for at least one or more therapeutic indications by the China Food and Drug Administration (the "CFDA") based upon demonstrated safety and efficacy.
As of December 31, 2015, we manufactured 20 pharmaceutical products for a wide variety of diseases and medical indications, each of which may be classified into one of three general categories:

● | Basic generic drug, which is a common drug in the PRC for which there is a very large market demand;

● | First-to-market generic drug, which is a generic Western drug that is new to the PRC marketplace; or

● | Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine, which generally is a non-synthetic, plant-based medicinal compound of the type that has been widely used in the PRC for thousands of years, to which we apply modern production techniques to produce a pharmaceutical product in different formulations, such as tablets, capsules or powders.

In selecting generic drugs to develop and manufacture, we consider several factors, including the number of other manufacturers currently producing the particular drug, the size of the market, the proposed or required method of distribution, the existing and expected pricing for the particular drug in the marketplace, the costs of manufacturing that drug, and the costs of acquiring or developing the formula for that drug. We believe we have historically selected generic drugs to manufacture that have large addressable markets and higher profit margins relative to other drugs being manufactured and distributed in the PRC.
In 2002, we built, and we currently own and operate an approximately 8,000-square-meter manufacturing facility in Haikou, Hainan Province that supports eight modern, scalable production lines. We implement quality control procedures in compliance with China's Good Manufacturing Practice, or GMP standards, and applicable CFDA regulations to ensure consistent quality in our products.
The CFDA promulgated Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products (2010 revised version) (the "new GMP") on February 12, 2011, which became effective on March 1, 2011. The new GMP standards outline the basic principles and standards for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products and the management of quality controls in the manufacturing process in the PRC. Pursuant to those mandatory requirements, the upgrading of our two injectables production lines was required to be accomplished by the end of 2013. From January 1, 2014 to November 3, 2014, we had suspended the production at our dry powder injectables and liquid injectables production lines due to the failure to meet new GMP upgrading deadline. In 2014, however, we completed construction of a 20,000 square-meter new factory installed with four sterilization production lines (two liquid injectables and two dry powder injectables production lines) to meet the latest GMP standard. In November 2014 the CFDA completed their process of the GMP certification for our new facility and issued a GMP certificate to enable us to commence manufacturing at our two liquid injectables and two dry powder injectables production lines. In January and December 2015, we also completed upgrading and received new GMP certificates for the tablet and capsule production lines and cephalosporin production lines in our old factories, respectively. The dry powder injectable and granule production lines in our old factory are expected to be upgraded in 2016.
We market and sell our products through 16 sales offices covering all major cities and provinces in the PRC. To comply with applicable Chinese law relating to sales of prescription drugs to certain hospitals and clinics, we also use a distribution system comprised of over 1,000 independent prefecture-level, city-level, and county-level distributors. With the deepening of Chinese healthcare reform, our sales system has further developed and expanded. Our 16 provincial offices deliver our products to basic health care institutions as well as tier two and tier three hospitals through the above mentioned distributors.
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Corporate History
We are a holding company and conduct substantially all of our production, marketing, finance, development and administrative activities through our wholly-owned subsidiary located in the PRC. We were incorporated in the state of Delaware under the name "Softstone, Inc." on January 28, 1999. From mid-2003 to October 19, 2005, we did not generate any significant revenue and we accumulated no significant assets as we explored business opportunities as a publicly-held "shell" corporation.
We entered into our current line of business on October 19, 2005 by acquiring Onny Investment Limited, a holding company formed in the British Virgin Islands ("Onny"), and its operating subsidiary located in the PRC, Hainan Helpson Medical & Biotechnology Co., Ltd. ("Helpson"). On March 16, 2006, we changed our corporate name to China Pharma Holdings, Inc. On December 31, 2012, we reincorporated from the State of Delaware to the State of Nevada.
Helpson was established in Haikou, Hainan Province, PRC as a foreign-invested enterprise on February 25, 1993. The company was originally an "equity joint venture," as defined by China's laws on foreign invested enterprises, between Haikou Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd., a PRC company, and Hong Kong Fudao Development Co., Ltd., a Hong Kong company ("Fudao").
On June 16, 2001, Fudao entered into an Equity Interest Transfer Agreement with Hainan Kaidi Science and Technology Co., Ltd., a PRC company ("Kaidi"), pursuant to which Fudao transferred all of its ownership interest in Helpson to Kaidi. As a result of such transfer, Helpson became a PRC domestic company, rather than a foreign-invested company.
Onny was incorporated on January 12, 2005 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. On May 25, 2005, the then-existing three shareholders of Helpson entered into an equity interest transfer agreement with Onny, as a result of which, effective as of June 21, 2005, Helpson became a wholly foreign-owned enterprise (WFOE) and Onny became the sole stockholder of Helpson.
On October 19, 2005, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Onny in exchange for 27,499,940 shares of our common stock and became Onny's sole stockholder. In connection with such share exchange, all of our officers and directors at that time resigned as officers and directors of our company, and new directors and executive officers were appointed. In addition, as a result of such share exchange, which is commonly referred to as a "reverse acquisition," Helpson became our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary.
Our corporate organizational chart is set forth below.
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Industry Background and Market Opportunities
The general sales growth of pharmaceutical industry has decreased mainly due to medical insurance cost control, drug prices control, the tenders being behind schedule and anti-commercial bribery, etc. Since 2014, the growth of sales for both western drugs and Traditional Chinese Medicines ("TCM") in all terminals has decreased along with the decrease in sales growth for hospitals and the final customers of distributors. Retail sales of western medicines and TCM was RMB696 billion in 2014, which represented a growth of 15% compared to the prior year; and the growth rate decreased by 2.7% YOY according to statistics issued by National Bureau of Statistics of PRC. However, the market demands of pharmaceutical industry continued to be supported by the increased government investment, universal medical insurance, aging population, two children policy, increased healthcare demand for chorionic diseases, and the increased spending on nutrition products.
In May 2015, the China State Council issued "State Council guidance on a comprehensive reform of urban public hospitals", which intends to reduce the percentage of medicine-spending-to-overall-spending to 30% from previously higher rate in the sample city public hospitals, and further creates heavy pressure upon the market size of pharmaceutical industry. Back in 2008, the "Hospital Management and Evaluation Guideline (2008 Version)" issued by the Ministry of Health (MOH) required Tier III hospitals to control this percentage within 45%. Turning to specific industrial data: the nation-wide pharmaceutical industry realized sales revenue of RMB2.33 trillion in 2014, up 12.9% compared to the prior year, while the growth rate decreased by 5% YOY; industry realized a total profit of RMB232 billion, up 12%, while the growth rate decreased by 6% YOY per National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS). The Company believes that this trend will continue. In the conference held in November of 2015, Southern Medicine Economic Institute promulgated by CFDA announced that China's pharmaceutical industry output growth was 11.7% in the first nine months of 2015 and further adjusted its forecast for 2015 annual pharmaceutical industry output growth from 15% to 12%. We also noticed that the macroeconomic growth in China keeps slowing down and the size of the pharmaceutical industry in China is under pressure due to governmental medicine spending control, restricted use of antibiotics, and price control.
It seems that the profitability, development capacity, and operating capacity of pharmaceutical industry have declined by various degrees in 2014 compared to the prior year.
Additionally, China's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry is currently dominated by small manufacture enterprises (SMEs), with relatively fragmented market share, and much lower level of concentration compared to developed countries. National Bureau of Statistics data shows that as of the end of 2014, there were 6,797 pharmaceutical manufacturers above state designated scale, with main business income of RMB2.46 trillion, while the total sales of global top 20 pharmaceutical companies reached USD9.37 trillion in 2014 per the data published by magazine Pharmaceutical Executive. The low industrial concentration led to inadequate investment in R&D and production technology innovation. Generic drugs remained dominant (over 60% of market share), thus restricting the profitability of all players, including the Company. In the joint action of endogenous demand and external policy, enhancing the degree of industrial concentration has become a trend.
By the year 2014, there is a big space for improvement compared to China's pharmaceutical industry accounted for the proportion of the national economy and capital markets with the developed countries. China's health expenditure accounted for only 5.2% of GDP, while in the United States and Russia it was 17.9% and 6.2%, respectively.
Although some experts forecasted that Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises would usher in a "golden decade" along with China's economic growth, consumption upgrade, aging population, healthcare reform progress, and urbanization. The challenges remain due to low industrial concentration, small company size (only 34 pharmaceutical companies realized annual sales over RMB5 billion in 2014), unfulfilled financing leverage, industrial upgrading and M&A demand.
National Medical Insurance Program. The National Medical Insurance Program (the "NMIP"), introduced in 1999, is the largest medical insurance program in the PRC. According to Notice on Urban Residents' Basic Medical Insurance Work in 2015 issued by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of PRC and Ministry of Finance of PRC in January 2015, governments at all levels should increase the per capital health insurance subsidy by RMB60 compared to the basis in 2014, to RMB 380 per capita in 2015; and individual resident should increase its contribution by RMB60 compared to the basis in 2014, to no less than RMB 120 per capita in 2015; and increase the in-patient reimbursement rate to 75% in order to gradually narrow the gap between reimbursement and actual payment.
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The NMIP is funded primarily by central and provincial governments and, to a lesser degree, by program participants and their employers. The program has two types of accounts: individual accounts and social pool accounts. Each participant has an individual account that holds all contributions from the participant and 30% of the contributions from his or her employer. The amounts of the employer's and the participant's contributions are determined as fixed percentages of the participant's salary. An increase in the participant's salary will increase the size of both contributions to the participant's individual account, subject to a fixed monthly cap that varies from city to city and may be adjusted from year to year. A participant may claim reimbursement from his or her individual account for prescription medicines, OTC medicines and other out-patient and in-patient medical expenses. The maximum amount available for reimbursement for an individual program participant is capped at a level equal to the balance in that individual's account. In addition to individual accounts, the NMIP in each province also includes a social pool account, which holds the contributions from the provincial government as well as the remaining 70% of employer contributions. The social medical expense pool is used to pay for hospitalization costs and in-patient related charges incurred by the participants, subject to certain co-payments, exclusions and limitations. Other than in the relatively more affluent eastern provinces in China, many provincial governments have not fully funded the provincial social medical expense pools, which results in delay or failure in reimbursing the hospitalization costs and other in-patient related expenses of the NMIP participants.
The CFDA promulgated Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products (2010 revised version) (the "new GMP") on February 12, 2011, which became effective on March 1, 2011. The new GMP standards outline the basic principles and standards for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products and the management of quality controls in the manufacturing process in the PRC. Since it was first enacted in 1988, GMP has over two decades of history in China, and went through two revisions in 1992 and 1998. As of June 30, 2004, manufacturing of all active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and finished dosage must be in compliance with the GMP standards. The new GMP standards that became effective on March 1, 2011 include improvements based upon foreign manufacturing advancements, and have taken into consideration local conditions in China. Based on the principle of "equal importance between hardware and software", strictly implementing the idea of risk control during the manufacturing process of pharmaceutical products, and more focus on scientific guidance and operability, the new GMP standards are consistent with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards.
The four main characteristics of the new GMP standards are: (1) strengthening the establishment of the quality control system during the manufacturing process of pharmaceutical products by significantly increasing the requirements on quality control software; (2) improving the requirements on the quality of practitioners; (3) refining operational procedures, rules on document management, including manufacturing records, improving guidance and operability; and (4) further improvements related to measures to ensure the safety of pharmaceutical products.
Healthcare Reform. In September 2008, the PRC State Council published a draft plan to ease the difficulties and minimize the costs for Chinese citizens to obtain proper healthcare treatment. In April, 2015, the PRC State Council issued "Notice on Deepening Healthcare System Reform 2014 Summary and 2015 Key Tasks". The goal of the healthcare reform plan is to establish a basic, universal healthcare framework to provide safe, efficient, convenient and affordable healthcare to urban and rural residents.
Drug Marketing Authorization Holder (MAH) model is the management model to separate marketing authorization and independent production license. The license holders may delegate the production to manufacturers and are only responsible for the safety, effectiveness and quality control of the drugs for the public. MAH model is a common practice worldwide for new drug review and approval, which encouraged investment in research &development, and the adoption of Contract Manufacturing Organization (CMO).
In August 2015, the PRC State Council issued "Opinions on the Reform Drugs and Medical Devices Evaluation and Approval System Review"("Opinions"), which proposed to carry out the drug MAH system experiments. As the Company is considered a manufacturer, we believe this policy will benefit our company in the long run given our new GMP certified production facility because we have potential to manufacture products for those license holders in the future.
The essential idea of the "Opinions" is to improve drug quality, as well as the efficiency of new formula reviewing process. To be specific, the government is determined to clear up the CFDA new formula registration applications by the end of 2016; ensure all reviewing processes according to defined schedule by 2018; strive to complete the quality and efficacy consistency evaluation of national essential drugs for oral solutions and the reference formulation by the end of 2018; and improve the transparency of review and approval. The government intended to promote structural adjustment and upgrade the pharmaceutical industry through elevating the quality, safety and efficiency of pharmaceutical products to international standards.
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Our Strategy
We believe we are well positioned in a comparatively steadily growing industry in one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. We currently manufacture a number of off-patent branded generic drugs that were among the first to market in the PRC. We expect to continue to gain additional competitive advantages through the growing pipeline of new pharmaceutical products we are developing for specific target patient groups. Our diverse portfolio of products and our new product pipelines include products for high-incidence and high-mortality conditions in China, such as cardiovascular, central nervous system (CNS), infectious and digestive diseases. Furthermore, the Healthcare Reform initiated by the State Council in 2008 in China has significantly expanded the landscape of healthcare industry in China. According to the 2015 National Economic and Social Development Statistics Bulletin People's Republic of China issued by National Bureau of Statistic of PRC, the total number of healthcare institutions has reached 990,248 as of the end of 2015, including 27,215 hospitals, 36,869 township healthcare centers, 34,588 community health service centers (stations), 195,866 clinics, 644,751 village healthcare centers, 3,492 disease prevention and control centers, 3097 institutes of health inspection. We believe the increase in demand from these sources should allow us to grow organically. In addition, medical personnel have reached 8.03 million, including 3 million practicing physicians and practicing assistant physicians, and 3.28 million registered nurses. Besides, number of beds in medical and health institutions have reached 7.08 million, including 5.34 million in hospitals, and 1.21 million in township healthcare centers.
The production approval from the CFDA on Candesartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist serving as a first-line treatment for hypertension in November 2013 which was launched to the market towards the end of 2014 and new products from our pipeline of products under development (such as the generic version of Crestor and novel anti-drug-resistant combination antibiotics) would offer us growth opportunities if these products are approved for manufacture and sale in the PRC. Finally, the Healthcare Reform has started to change the landscape of the Chinese pharmaceutical industry, which we believe will create many attractive acquisition opportunities. We plan to explore these opportunities in an effort to add synergistic products that can help us to grow.
Our objective is to leverage our expertise in the PRC for the development, manufacture and commercialization of pharmaceutical products. We intend to achieve this objective by:

● | Promoting Our Existing Brands to Increase Our National Recognition. We intend to support and grow the existing recognition and reputation of our brands and to maintain our branded pricing strategy through continued sales and marketing efforts, and our upgraded new GMP-compliant production lines. To achieve this goal, we plan to promote the efficacy and safety profile of our established prescription pharmaceutical products to physicians at hospitals and clinics in all provinces of PRC through the efforts of our sales force, independent distributors and educational physician conferences and seminars.

● | Developing and Introducing Additional Products to Expand or Strengthen Our Existing Product Portfolio. We plan to focus our development capabilities towards expanding our existing portfolio of approved products. We have a number of products in various stages of the CFDA approval process. In addition, we intend to conduct clinical trials for new generic or modernized products to expand our current existing products. We plan to introduce new generic or modernized products to leverage our branded market leadership position, particularly in the therapeutic areas in which we already have a strong presence.

● | Expanding Our Distribution Network For Further Market Penetration. We intend to expand our reach beyond our current 16 offices in the PRC to drive additional growth of our existing and future products. We currently contract with over 1,000 distributors in the PRC and plan to expand upon these relationships to target new markets. We will continue our prudent sales strategy to tighten the cooperation with customers with good accounts receivable collection performance. In addition, we plan to continue to broaden our marketing efforts outside of major cities in the PRC and increase our market penetration in cities and rural areas in which we already have a presence. Over the long term, we also intend to expand our presence beyond the PRC to international markets by working with international pharmaceutical companies in cross selling our products.

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● | Acquiring Complementary Products Lines, Technologies, Distribution Networks and Companies. We intend to selectively pursue strategic acquisition opportunities that we believe will grow our customer base, expand our product lines and distribution network, enhance our manufacturing and technical expertise or otherwise complement our business or further our strategic goals. Pursuing strategic acquisitions is a significant component of our growth strategy. The Company has not identified any strategic acquisition opportunities as of the date of this report on Form 10-K.

Products
We currently have a product portfolio of 20 pharmaceutical products that address a wide variety of diseases and medical indications. All of our pharmaceutical products have demonstrated safety and efficacy in clinical trials sufficient to obtain approval by the CFDA and are sold on a prescription basis. The following table summarizes the approved indications for our marketed pharmaceutical products and the year in which each of such products was first marketed to our customers.

Product | Indication | Year of Commercial Launch |
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Cerebral-Cardiovascular Diseases |  |
Cerebroprotein Hydroloysate Injection |  | Memory decline and attention deficit disorder caused by the sequela of craniocerebral trauma and cerebrovascular diseases. | 1996 |
Gastrodin Injection |  | Tiredness, loss of concentration, poor sleep (the "declined spirit" syndrome), and for traumatic syndromes of the brain, including vertigo, neuralgia and headaches. | 2005 |
Propylgallate for Injection |  | Cerebral thrombosis, coronary heart disease and complication after surgery-thrombus deep phlebitis. | 2006 |
Ozagrel Sodium for Injection |  | Cerebral thrombosis, coronary heart disease and complication after the surgery-thrombus deep phlebitis. | 2006 |
Alginic Sodium Diester Injection |  | Ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases (cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism and coronary heart disease) and high lipoprotein blood disease. | 2006 |
Bumetanide for Injection |  | Various edema diseases (including those associated with heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, nephropathy, and pulmonary edema), hypertension, acute renal failure, hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia and for the rescue of acute drug poisoning. | 2007 |
Candesartan |  | Hypertension | 2013 |
Anti-infection and Respiratory Diseases |  |
Roxithromycin Dispersible Tablets |  | Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes; sinusitis, tympanitis, acute and chronic bronchitis caused by acute bacteria, Mycoplasma pneumonia and Chlamydia pneumoniae; urethritis and cervical infection caused by chlamydia trachomatis; skin soft tissue infection caused by sensitive bacteria. | 1995 |

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Cefaclor Dispersible Tablets |  | Tympanitis, lower respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infections and skin/skin tissue infection. | 2002 |

Anhydroandrographolide |  | Ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases (cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism and coronary heart disease) and high lipoprotein blood disease. | 2003
Clarithromycin Granules and Capsules |  | Nasopharynx infection, lower respiratory tract infection, skin tissue infection, acute tympanitis and mycoplasma pneumonia caused by clarithromycin susceptible organisms; urethritis and cervical infection caused by chlamydia trachomatis; and the treatment of legionella infection, mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection and helicobacter pylori infection. | 2004
Naproxen Sodium and PseudophedrineHydrochlorida Sustained Release Tablets |  | Relieve cold, sinus and flu symptoms, blocked nose caused by anaphylaxis rhinitis, runny nose, fever, sore throat, symptoms of myalgia in the limbs and pain around the joints. | 2005
Gull Wood Extract Syrup |  | Detoxicating, anti-inflammatory, quickly reducing swelling, for the indication of acute tonsillitis, acute pharyngitis, acute conjunctivitis, and upper respiratory tract infection. | 2010
Digestive Diseases |  |
Hepatocyte Growth-promoting Factor for Injection |  | Serious viral hepatitis symptoms caused by various viral hepatitis types (acute, subnormal temperature, chronic serious disease early or middle period of hepatitis). | 2005
Tiopronin |  | Acute and chronic Hepatitis B, and for the relief of drug-induced liver injury. | 2009
Compound Ammonium Glycyrrhetate S for Injection |  | Liver dysfunction caused by acute and chronic hepatitis; supplemental treatment to toxic/trauma hepatitis, liver cancer; also for the indication of food/drug poisoning, and drug allergy. | 2009
Omeparzole |  | Gastroesophageal reflux disease, and other conditions caused by excess acidic formulations in the stomach, including gastric ulcers, recurrent duodenal ulcers and Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. | 2009
Others |  |
Vitamin B6 for Injection |  | Vitamin supplement. | 2005
Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection |  | Nausea and vomiting caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy during the treatment of malignant tumors. | 2006

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The following table sets forth the aggregate amount and percentage of our revenues attributed to our product portfolio by indication group in the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.

Product Category | Twelve Months ending December 31, | Net Change | % Change
2015 | 2014
CNS Cerebral & Cardio Vascular | 3.11 | 3.78 | -0.67 | -18%
Anti-Viro/Injection & Respiratory | 13.51 | 14.56 | -1.06 | -7%
Digestive Diseases | 0.76 | 1.25 | -0.49 | -39%
Other | 2.97 | 2.54 | 0.43 | 17%

Due to the nature of the pharmaceutical industry, we continually strive to change our product portfolio to respond to changes in market demand. Based on the foundation established by a number of our widely-recognized prescription products, such as Cefaclor and Roxithromycin, we have launched and will continue to launch a variety of medicines. The core criteria for our selection of potential pipeline products are strong market demand, as well as proven efficacy and safety. In an effort to gain an advantage in the marketplace, we often seek to improve the production process of the new generic products we elect to manufacture or to strengthen the quality of a proposed product to increase its efficacy.
We also adjust the delivery system and marketing for each of our products based on the product's target patient group. We believe that maintaining a variety of delivery systems (e.g. tablet, capsule, granule, injectables and dry powder) for certain of our products targeted at different groups enhances our competitive position in the marketplace. As a result, our sales and marketing personnel work closely with management and our research and development personnel to determine which of our products can successfully be marketed in more than one delivery system and which generics in the marketplace may be a good candidate for us to manufacture and distribute in the marketplace using a different delivery system.
Product Development
Our product portfolio includes both branded and generic drugs that we either develop independently or with joint research efforts with our academic institutional partners or, to a lesser extent, acquire from third parties. We develop new products in-house as well as through cooperation with several research institutes, including the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China University of Pharmaceuticals, Sichuan University, Chongqing Medical Industry Institute and the Military Medical Academy Basic Medical Science Institute. We only pay these institutes for their research efforts and expenses if the research goals are accomplished evidenced by the certification of an applicable drug candidate and approval of drug production by the CFDA. Following our receipt of such certification and approval, the rights to the applicable drug candidate are transferred to us. Following any such payment and transfer, we become the sole owner of the drug certifications and/or the approvals of drug production, and any related research. We have no further payment or other obligations to the research institute from which we acquired such assets. In this manner, we obtained certificates and approvals of drug production for our Naproxen Sodium and PseudophedrineHydroclorida sustained release tablets through our cooperative relationship with the Chongqing Medical Industry Institute; we also obtained certificates and approvals of drug production for our Cefalcor dispersible tablets through our cooperative relationship with the China University of Pharmaceuticals. We are now manufacturing and selling both drugs. We expect to continue to develop additional new drugs under this method. We also intend to continue purchasing or obtaining licenses from third parties to produce certain drug products on a limited basis, as we regard this as an important and effective means for us to develop our business. The new products in our pipeline have experienced delays. The CFDA enhanced its approval criteria and processes, resulting in additional supplemental materials and trials, higher cost, and longer approval time for certain applications across all pharmaceutical products including all of our product types. We commenced leading formulation screening, a new technology exploration and technical criteria improvement activity in 2013. We expect this new model will accelerate our development timelines and expand our exploration channels for our pipeline products.
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Generic drugs refer to the drugs with the same active ingredient, dosage form, delivery channel and therapeutic effects compared to the original drugs. "Consistency Evaluation" requires currently marketed generic products to prove consistency in term of quality and therapeutic effect, and substitutable during clinical trials with original drug. The Consistency Evaluation could enhance the development of pharmaceutical industry, ensure drug safety and effectiveness, promote the upgrading and restructuring of the pharmaceutical industry, and improve international competitiveness.
The PRC State Council issued the "Opinions on Carrying out Consistency Evaluation on Quality and Efficacy of Generic Drugs " ( the "Opinions") on March 5, 2016, which requires all chemical generic pipeline products to carry out Consistency Evaluation before final registration approval. In addition, all oral solution generic drugs listed in National Essential Drugs List (2012 edition) and launched into the market before October 1, 2007 should complete Consistency Evaluation by the end of 2018; Consistency Evaluation should be completed by the end of 2021 for drugs with existing special conditions or those which require clinical efficacy trials. Drugs failing to meet requirements shall not be re-registered. As of today, at least three of our products in pipe lines were postponed in receiving their CFDA approval due to this additional new requirement and the Company will strive to accelerate the process.
As of December 31, 2015, the product candidates that we are developing at different stages include the following:

Indication of Product Candidate | CFDA Status
Anti Infection | In Phase II Clinical Study, Supplement Clinical Study Due to Improved Technology Criteria
Cholesterol Control Drug | At the latest stage of supplementing Consistency Evaluation per the New Policy
Alzheimer's disease drug | At the latest stage of supplementing Consistency Evaluation per the New Policy
Coronary Heart Disease Drug | Phase III Clinical Study Completed, Under Clinical Data Collection
Digestive Diseases Drug #1 | Applied to CFDA for Production Approval, Waiting for CFDA Technical Review
Digestive Diseases Drug #2 | Applied to CFDA for Production Approval, Waiting for CFDA Technical Review
Antibiotic for Kids | At the latest stage of supplementing Consistency Evaluation per the New Policy
Electrolyte Disequilibrium Adjustment | Applied to CFDA for Production Approval, Waiting for CFDA Technical Review

We have several other pipeline products in various stages of development.
Our drug formula development and acquisition expenditures were approximately $1.0 million and $2.8 million in the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which represented 4.7% and 12.6% of our revenues for such years, respectively.
Distribution and Customers
We believe we have a well-developed sales network. As our current pharmaceutical product portfolio is comprised mainly prescription drugs, our major sales targets are hospitals. As of December 31, 2015, we also had 16 sales offices covering all major provinces of China, and over 1,000 sales representatives who assist in managing many of our relationships with hospitals, doctors and local drug distributors. Overall, our distribution model is rather flat, with relatively few intermediaries compared to many other pharmaceutical companies in China. Due to this advantage, we believe we are able to keep our selling cost lower than the industry average.
Due to the nature of our products and current governmental regulations, all of our customers are located in the PRC. We have established long-standing relationships with most of our key customers as our operating subsidiary, Helpson, formed in 1993.
Production Facilities
We manufacture and package our products at our manufacturing facility in the Haikou Free Trade Zone in Haikou, Hainan Province. Our manufacturing facility, which was built in 2002, is approximately 8,000 square meters and has eight production lines for different forms including: tablets, capsule, granule, dry power, liquid injectables, Cephalosporins (specifically designated), chemical API, and biological API.
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The CFDA promulgated Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products (2010 revised version) (the "New GMP Standards") on February 12, 2011, which became effective on March 1, 2011. The new GMP outlines the basic principles and standards for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products and the management of quality controls in the manufacturing process in the PRC. Pursuant to those mandatory requirements, the upgrading of our two sterilization production lines - liquid injectables and dry powder injectables production lines were required to be completed by the end of 2013. As of January 1, 2014, we had suspended such two production lines due to the failure to meet the GMP upgrading deadline. However, construction of our new main building has been completed, and two new sterilization production lines have been installed. In November 2014 the CFDA completed their process of the GMP certification for our new facility and issued the GMP certificate to enable us to commence manufacturing our liquid injectables and dry powder injectable product lines. In January and December 2015, we also completed the upgrading and received new GMP certificates for the tablet and capsule production lines, and cephalosporin production lines in our old factories respectively. The dry powder injectable and granule production lines in our old factory is expected to be upgraded in 2016.
Raw Materials
We require a supply of a wide variety of raw materials to manufacture our products. We employ purchasing staff with extensive knowledge of our products who work with our product development, and formulations and quality control personnel to source raw materials for our products. Currently, we rely on numerous suppliers in the PRC and overseas to deliver our required raw materials and believe we have at least three principal suppliers for each of our most critical raw materials. Historically, we have not had difficulty obtaining raw materials from suppliers. For the year ended December 31, 2015, our purchases from one supplier accounted for approximately 27% of raw material purchases. For the year ended December 31, 2014, purchases from one supplier accounted for approximately 26.5% of raw material purchases.
Competition
We believe we have established a commercially competitive position in the highly-fragmented pharmaceutical industry in China through our core competitive advantages, as described below:
We have a highly-efficient commercialization process for new products, including significant experience with the CFDA registration process.
We have over 20 years of product-development experience during which time we have implemented processes to efficiently introduce and market new and existing products to the Chinese market. We have successfully obtained the final production approval from the CFDA for many pharmaceutical products, including fifteen new products in the past ten years.
We have a market-oriented product portfolio and product lines.
Our product focus is on developing and manufacturing medicines that help large patient groups, such as the infectious disease and cardio vascular disease patient groups. Our diversified GMP-certified manufacturing facility includes eight production lines targeting a variety of delivery mechanisms, such as tablets, capsules, cephalosprine tablets, cephalosprine capsules, liquid-injectables and dry powder injectables, which enables us to effectively manufacture a broad range of new drugs. We also have another two production lines, namely, the granule and dried power injectable production lines, yet to which we anticipate will be upgraded during 2016 in order to meet the New GMP Standards.
We have product diversification to target specific sub-markets.
We attempt to differentiate our products from those of our competitors by changing, and, in many cases, improving, certain physical aspects of our products to address to different market segments. For example, to make our Cefaclor product more patient friendly to children and patients with swallowing problems, we added an enteric coating to make our tablets easier to swallow.
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We have a national sales network and a highly-trained marketing team.
Our experienced sales team has the industry knowledge and know-how to synergistically combine our strong market insight with a successful commercialization platform.
We have developed high-quality relationships with leading hospital and clinic administrators and physicians.
While sales of our pharmaceutical products to hospitals are made through our distributors, we believe our long-term relationships with leading hospitals and healthcare clinics throughout China resulting from our long-term promotional efforts and periodic physician seminars improve the perception of our products in the marketplace and help us identify and select high-volume drugs to develop into new generic products relatively early in the process.
We cooperate effectively with a number of leading academic research institutions.
Through our cooperative efforts with leading academic research institutions, which are our research partners, we are able to develop new product candidates in a cost-effective manner and currently have a number of significant projects in active development in our pipeline.
Notwithstanding such favorable positioning, we are subject to intense competition. There are both local and overseas pharmaceutical enterprises that are engaged in the manufacture and sale of potential substitute or similar pharmaceutical products in the PRC. These competitors may have more capital and better research and development resources, and manufacturing and marketing capability and experience than we do.
Our profitability may be adversely affected if
● the number of our competitors increases;
● competitors engage in increased price competition; or
● competitors develop new products or product substitutes having comparable medicinal applications or therapeutic effects that are more effective, less costly and/or have more perceived benefits than those produced by us.
In addition, competition from imported products and China's admission as a member of the World Trade Organization ("WTO") creates increased competition. The PRC became a member of the WTO in December 2001. As a result of the admission into the WTO, competition in the pharmaceutical industry in the PRC intensified generally in two respects. With lower import tariffs, imported pharmaceutical products manufactured overseas may become increasingly competitive in terms of pricing. We also believe that well-established foreign pharmaceutical manufacturers may set up production facilities in the PRC and compete with domestic manufacturers directly. With the expected increased supply of competitively-priced pharmaceutical products in the PRC, we may face increased competition from foreign pharmaceutical products, especially in terms of high-end pharmaceutical products, including certain types of products manufactured by U.S. manufacturers.
Intellectual Property
We regard our packaging designs, trademarks, trade secrets, patent and similar intellectual property as part of our core competence that is critical to our success. We rely on patent, trademark and trade secret law, as well as confidentiality agreements with certain of our employees, distributors and others to protect our intellectual property rights.
In November 2008, we purchased the patented medical formula for a cerebral/cardio-vascular indication and the manufacturing processes for that product candidate from a third party laboratory. In connection with that acquisition, we obtained the title of the patent. This patent expires in 2025.
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In 2012, we acquired another patent related to a medical formula for the treatment of cerebral/cardio-vascular diseases. This patent expires in 2029.
As of December 31, 2015, we owned 17 registered trademarks in the PRC, including marks for nine of the 20 pharmaceutical products we manufacture, including the tradenames Funalin, Fukexing, Beisha, Shiduotai, Xinuo, Pusenlitai, Pusenouke, Shuchang and Shenkaineng, as well as marks for our AFGF logo, our HPS logo, our two HELPSON logos and four other logos. The registration numbers of the 17 registered trademarks are as follows: No.1280259, No.1500459, No.1511770, No.1535416, No.1537828, No.1535420, No.1272792, No.1272759, No.1272760, No.1330294, No.1327731, No.1330295, No.1476339, No.3993785, No. 4074317, No.4074321 and No. 4315247.
Environmental Matters
We comply with the Environmental Protection Law of China as well as applicable local regulations. In addition to statutory and regulatory compliance, we actively ensure the environmental sustainability of our operations. Penalties may be levied upon us if we fail to adhere to and maintain certain standards. Such failure has not occurred in the past, and we generally do not anticipate that it will occur in the future, but no assurance can be given in this regard.
Regulations
Regulations Relating to Pharmaceutical Industry. The pharmaceutical industry in China is highly regulated. The primary regulatory authority is the CFDA, including its provincial and local branches. As a developer and producer of medicinal products, we are subject to regulation and oversight by the CFDA and its provincial and local branches. The Law of the PRC on the Administration of Pharmaceuticals provides the basic legal framework for the administration of the production and sale of pharmaceuticals in China and covers the manufacturing, distribution, packaging, pricing and advertising of pharmaceutical products. These regulations set forth detailed rules with respect to the administration of pharmaceuticals in China. We are also subject to other PRC laws and regulations that are applicable to business operators, manufacturers and distributors in general.
Registration and Approval of Medicine. Pursuant to the PRC Provisions for Drug Registration, a medicine must be registered and approved by the CFDA before it can be manufactured and sold. The registration and approval process requires the manufacturer to submit to the CFDA a registration application containing detailed information concerning the efficacy and quality of the medicine and the manufacturing process and the production facilities the manufacturer expects to use. This process generally takes two to five years and could be longer, depending on the nature of the medicine under review, the quality of the data provided and the workload of the CFDA. If a manufacturer chooses to manufacture a pre-clinical medicine, it is also required to conduct pre-clinical trials, apply to the CFDA for permission to conduct clinical trials and go through the clinical trials. If a manufacturer chooses to manufacture a post-clinical medicine, it only needs to go through the clinical trials. In both cases, a manufacturer needs to file clinical data with the CFDA for approval for manufacturing after clinical trials are completed.
New Medicine. If a medicine is approved by the CFDA as a new medicine, the CFDA will issue a new medicine certificate to the manufacturer and impose a monitoring period of one to five years. During the monitoring period, the CFDA will monitor the safety of the new medicine, and will neither accept new medicine certificate applications for an identical medicine by another pharmaceutical company, nor approve the production or import of an identical medicine by other pharmaceutical companies. As a result of these regulations, the holder of a new medicine certificate has the exclusive right to manufacture the new medicine during the monitoring period. We currently have new medicine certificates for our Pusenouke, Cefaclor dispersible tablets and Roxithromycin dispersible tablets and Bumetanide for injection products.
National Production Standard and Provisional Standard. In connection with the CFDA's approval of a new medicine, the CFDA will normally direct the manufacturer to produce the medicine according to a provisional national production standard, or a provisional standard. A provisional standard is valid for two years, during which time the CFDA closely monitors the production process and quality consistency of the medicine to develop a national final production standard for the medicine, or a final standard. Three months before the expiration of the two-year period, the manufacturer is required to apply to the CFDA to convert the provisional standard to a final standard. Upon approval, the CFDA will publish the final standard for the production of this medicine. There is no statutory timeline for the CFDA to complete its review and grant approval for the conversion. In practice, the approval for conversion to a final standard is time-consuming and could take a number of years. However, during the CFDA's review period, the manufacturer may continue to produce the medicine according to the provisional standard.
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Transitional Period. Prior to the latter of (1) the expiration of a new medicine's monitoring period or (2) the date when the CFDA grants a final standard for a new medicine after the expiration of the provisional standard, the CFDA will not accept applications for an identical medicine nor will it approve the production of an identical medicine by other pharmaceutical companies. Accordingly, the manufacturer will continue to have an exclusive production right for the new medicine during this transitional period.
Continuing CFDA Regulation
Pharmaceutical manufacturers in China are subject to continuing regulation by the CFDA. If the labeling or its manufacturing process of an approved medicine is significantly modified, a new pre-market approval or pre-market approval supplement will be required by the CFDA. A pharmaceutical manufacturer is subject to periodic inspection and safety monitoring by the CFDA to determine compliance with regulatory requirements.
The CFDA has a variety of enforcement actions available to enforce its regulations and rules, including fines and injunctions, recall or seizure of products, the imposition of operating restrictions, partial suspension or complete shutdown of production and criminal prosecution.
Pharmaceutical Product Manufacturing
Permits and Licenses for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers. A pharmaceutical manufacturer must obtain a pharmaceutical manufacturing permit from the CFDA's relevant provincial branch. This permit is valid for five years and is renewable for an additional five-year period upon its expiration. Our current pharmaceutical manufacturing permit, issued by the CFDA, will expire on December 31, 2016.
Good Manufacturing Practice. A pharmaceutical manufacturer must meet the Good Manufacturing Practice standards, or GMP standards, for each of its production facilities in China in respect of each form of pharmaceutical product it produces. GMP standards include staff qualifications, production premises and facilities, equipment, raw materials, environmental hygiene, production management, quality control and customer complaint administration. If a manufacturer meets the GMP standards, the CFDA will issue to the manufacturer a Good Manufacturing Practice certificate, or a GMP certificate, with a five-year validity period. However, for a newly-established pharmaceutical manufacturer that meets the GMP standards, the CFDA will issue a GMP certificate with only a one-year validity period. The New GMP Standards became effective on March 1, 2011 and pharmaceutical manufacturers (except manufacturers of injectables, blood products or vaccines, which have a three-year grace period) have a five-year grace period to upgrade existing facilities to comply with the revisions.
We obtained three GMP certificates for our manufacturing facility in respect of the majority form of pharmaceutical product we produce, one valid until October 30, 2019 (lyophilized powder for injection, small volume parenteral solutions), one valid until January 2020 (tablets, capsules), and one valid until December 6, 2020 (tables, capsule - cephalosprins). All of our GMP certificates are valid for five years. While we are required to implement certain upgrades to our manufacturing facilities to comply with the new GMP standards, we do not currently anticipate any difficulty in renewing these certificates when we finish the facility upgrading.
Product Liability and Consumers Protection
Product liability claims may arise if any pharmaceutical products sold have a harmful effect on the consumers, and the injured party may claim for damages or compensation. The General Principles of the Civil Law of the PRC, which became effective in January 1987, state that manufacturers and sellers of defective products causing property damage or injury shall incur civil liabilities for such damage or injuries.
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The Product Quality Law of the PRC was enacted in 1993 and amended in 2000 to strengthen the quality control of products and protect consumers' rights and interests. Under this law, manufacturers and distributors who produce or sell defective products may be subject to confiscation of earnings from such sales, revocation of business licenses and imposition of fines, and in severe circumstances, may be subject to criminal liability.
The Law of the PRC on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Consumers was promulgated on October 31, 1993 and became effective on January 1, 1994 to protect consumers when they purchase or use goods or services. All business operators must comply with this law when they manufacture or sell goods and/or provide services to customers. In extreme situations, pharmaceutical product manufacturers and distributors may be subject to criminal liability if their goods or services lead to the death or injuries of customers or other third parties.
Price Controls
The retail prices of some pharmaceutical products sold in China, primarily those included in the Essential Drug and Reimbursement Lists and those pharmaceutical products for which production or distribution are deemed to constitute monopolies, are subject to price controls in the form of retail price ceilings. In particular, manufacturers or distributors cannot freely set or change the retail price for any price-controlled product above the applicable price ceiling or deviate from the applicable fixed price imposed by the PRC government. The prices of medicines that are not subject to price controls are determined freely at the discretion of the respective pharmaceutical companies, subject to notification to the provincial pricing authorities. The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) may grant premium pricing status to certain pharmaceutical products that are subject to price controls, and may set the price-ceiling for pharmaceutical products that have obtained such status.
However, per the "Notice on Advancing Drug Price Reform " issued by National Development and Reform Commission of PRC, except for narcotic drugs and the first class psychoactive drugs, the prices originally set by the government should be disregarded after June 1st, 2016.
The essential ideas of NDRC upon drugs price reform include elimination of government pricing, medical insurance cost-control, and bidding procedure. It believes that actual transaction price of drugs should be formed through market competition.
However, eliminating only one controlling factor does not bring immediate transfer into pure marketization. There is no real change upon centralized drug bidding system which has more decisive impact on pricing. In this regard, this movement of NDRC might not cause any significant trend upon price.
Reimbursement under the National Medical Insurance Program
Per Social Security Center of the Ministry of Social Security of China, over 1.3 billion people had been enrolled into the National Medical Insurance Program (NMIP) by the end of 2014, which include 0.28 billion from the Employee Medical Insurance Program, 0.29 billion from the Urban Residence Medical Insurance Program, and 0.81 billion from the New Rural Medical Insurance Program.. The Ministry of Labor and Social Security, together with other government authorities, determines which medicines are to be included in or removed from the national medicine catalog for the NMIP, and under which tier a medicine should fall, both of which affect the amounts reimbursable to program participants for their purchases of those medicines. These determinations are based on a number of factors, including price and efficacy. A NMIP participant can be reimbursed for the full cost of a Tier 1 medicine and 80-90% of the cost of a Tier 2 medicine.
Although it is designated as a national program, the implementation of the NMIP is delegated to various provincial governments, each of which has established its own medicine catalog. A provincial government must include all Tier 1 medicines listed in the national medicine catalog in its provincial medicine catalog, but may use its discretion based on its own selection criteria to add other medicines to, or exclude Tier 2 medicines listed in the national medicine catalog from its provincial medicine catalog, so long as the combined numbers of the medicines added and excluded do not exceed 15% of the number of the Tier 2 medicines listed in the national catalog. In addition, provincial governments may use their discretion to upgrade a nationally classified Tier 2 medicine to Tier 1 in their provincial medicine catalogs, but may not downgrade a nationally classified Tier 1 medicine to Tier 2.
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The total amount of reimbursement for the cost of prescription and OTC medicines, in addition to other medical expenses, for an individual program participant in a calendar year is capped at the amount in that participant's individual account. The amount in a participant's account varies, depending upon the amount of contributions from the participant and his or her employer. Generally, on average, program participants who are from relatively wealthier eastern parts of China and relatively wealthier metropolitan centers have greater amounts in their individual accounts than those from less developed provinces.
Currently, all of our pharmaceutical products are listed on the National Insurance Catalogue (NIC), and four of our products -Vitamin B6, Cefalexin, Clarithromycin and Omeprazole - are listed on the Essential Drug List (EDL). However, some of our non-EDL drugs have been selected to enter the provincial EDL, which varies from province to province. We believe these drugs will experience an increase in sales volume due to the government-initiated promotion of those drugs, while remaining free from the pricing pressures often experienced by drugs listed on the EDL.
Other Regulations
In addition to the regulations relating to pharmaceutical industry in China, we are also subject to the regulations applicable to a foreign invested enterprise in China.
Foreign Currency Exchange. Pursuant to the Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated in 1996 and amended in 1997 and various regulations issued by State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or the SAFE, and other relevant PRC government authorities, Renminbi is freely convertible only to the extent of current account items, such as trade-related receipts and payments, interests and dividends. Capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, require the prior approval from the SAFE or its local counterpart for conversion of Renminbi into a foreign currency, such as U.S. dollars, and remittance of the foreign currency outside the PRC.
Payments for transactions that take place within the PRC must be made in Renminbi. Unless otherwise approved, PRC companies other than foreign investment enterprises (FIEs) must convert foreign currency payments they receive from abroad into Renminbi. On the other hand, FIEs may retain foreign exchange in accounts with designated foreign exchange banks, subject to a cap set by the SAFE or its local counterpart.
Dividend Distribution. Under the PRC regulations governing dividend distributions by wholly foreign-owned enterprises and Sino-foreign equity joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned enterprises and Sino-foreign equity joint ventures in the PRC may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Additionally, these foreign-invested enterprises are required to set aside certain amounts of their accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends.
Employees
As of December 31, 2015, we had 415 employees, among which 373 employees were full-time employees and 42 employees were temporary employees. None of our employees is represented by a labor union and, in general, we consider our relationship with our employees to be good.
As required by applicable Chinese law, we have entered into employment contracts with substantially all of our officers, managers and employees. We are working towards entering into employment contracts with those employees who do not currently have employment contracts with us. The PRC enacted a new Labor Contract Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. We have updated our employment contracts and employee handbook and are in compliance with such law.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Risks Related to our Business and our Industry
The commercial success of our products depends upon the degree of their market acceptance among the medical community. If our products do not attain market acceptance among the medical community, our operations and profitability would be adversely affected.
The commercial success of our products depends upon the degree of market acceptance they achieve among the medical community, particularly among physicians and hospital administrators. Physicians may not prescribe or recommend our products to patients and procurement departments of hospitals may not purchase our products if physicians or hospital pharmacists do not find our products attractive. The acceptance and use of our products among the medical community will depend upon a number of factors, including:

● | perceptions by physicians, patients and others in the medical community about the safety and effectiveness of our products;

● | the prevalence and severity of any side effects;

● | the pharmacological benefit of our products relative to competing products and products under development;

● | the efficacy and potential advantages of our products relative to competing products and products under development;

● | the relative convenience and ease of administration of our products;

● | the methods by which our pharmaceutical products may be delivered to patients;

● | the effectiveness of our education, marketing and distribution efforts and those of our distributors;

● | publicity concerning our products or competing products and treatments; and

● | the price of our products and competing products.

If we fail to meet the New GMP Standards, the production at certain of our old production lines will be suspended and our operations and profitability would be adversely affected.
We are in the process of upgrading our old production facilities to bring them in line with the New GMP Standards which became effective as of March 1, 2011. In November 2014, the CFDA completed their process of reviewing our new facility and issued the GMP certificates to enable us to commence manufacturing our liquid injectables and dry powder injectable product lines. In January and December 2015, we also completed the upgrading and received new GMP certificates for the tablet and capsule production lines, and cephalosporin production lines in our old factories respectively. While the dry powder injectable and granule production lines in our old factory are expected to be upgraded in 2016.
If we are not able to satisfy the requirements of the new GMP guidelines and obtain clearance from the CFDA, our existing dry powder injectable and granule production lines shall be suspended and we may be subject to fines or other penalties if we continue to produce any products from such lines, all of which may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We may be subject from time to time to product recalls initiated by us or by the CFDA. Product recalls could impose significant costs on us and adversely affect our ability to generate revenue.
During our course of business, we must comply with a variety of product safety and product testing regulations. In particular, our products are subject to, among other statutes and regulations, those issued by the CFDA. If the CFDA issues any notices to cease the production, sale and use of any of our products, we should comply with such requirements. As a result, we may incur significant costs in complying with cessation requirements, and our financial results could be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, concerns about potential liability or potential future changes in product safety regulations may lead us to voluntarily recall or otherwise discontinue selling selected products, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations. In March 2013, CFDA issued a nationwide notice (the "CFDA Notice") for the cessation of the production, sale and use of Buflomedil effective immediately. The CFDA Notice was a result of the reevaluation done by the CFDA based on the indications from the recent Chinese and international research materials, which found that the risks of side effects to the nervous system and the cardiovascular system from Buflomedil have surpassed its clinical treatment benefits. The CFDA Notice was applicable to all the manufacturers and distributers in China who are in the business of the production and sale of Buflomedil-related products.
Recalls could also harm our reputation, increase our costs and reduce our net sales. Governments and regulatory agencies in the markets where we manufacture and sell products may enact additional regulations relating to product safety and consumer protection in the future or take other actions. The CFDA has the authority to revoke drug approvals previously granted and remove from the market previously approved products for various reasons.
If we fail to develop new products with high profit margins and our high-profit-margin products are replaced by competitors' products, then our gross and net profits margins will be adversely affected.
We had gross profit margin of 7.2 % for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to gross loss margin of 12.6% for the year ended December 31, 2014. Without the effect of inventory obsolescence, management estimates that our gross profit would have been approximately 22.5% in 2015 and 22.2% in 2014. It remains to be true that the pharmaceutical market in the PRC is very competitive, and there may be pressure to reduce sale prices of products without a corresponding decrease in the cost of sold products. To the extent that we fail to develop new products with high profit margins and our high-profit-margin products are substituted by competitors' products, our gross profit margins and net profit margins will be adversely affected. In addition, in the event that our products are included in the EDL, which is subject to high level of governmental price control, our gross profit margin and net profit margins could be adversely affected notwithstanding any increase in our revenues that may result from the listing of such products on EDL.
Our products face substantial competition. Other companies may discover, develop, acquire or commercialize products earlier or more successfully than we do.
We operate in a highly competitive environment. Our products compete with other products or treatments for diseases for which our products may be indicated. Many of our products may compete against products that have lower prices, superior performance, greater ease of administration or other advantages compared to our products. We would face enhanced competition if competitive products are added to the National Medical Insurance Program. Our inability to compete effectively could reduce sales or margins, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of our operations.
Some of our competitors are actively engaged in research and development in areas in which we have products or in which we are developing product candidates or new indications for existing products. In the future, we expect that our products will compete with new drugs currently in development, drugs approved for other indications that may be approved for the same indications as those of our products and drugs approved for other indications that are used off-label. If alternatives to our products are dispensed or prescribed to patients, the volume of our competing products may decline or we may be required to lower the price of our competing products to remain competitive, either of which could negatively impact our sales. In addition, an increasing number of foreign pharmaceutical companies have introduced their pharmaceutical products into the Chinese market. Competitive products introduced by these companies can also negatively impact our sales and results of operations.
Large Chinese state-owned and privately owned pharmaceutical companies and foreign-invested or foreign pharmaceutical companies may have greater clinical, research, regulatory, manufacturing, marketing, financial and human resources than we do. In addition, some of our competitors may have technical or competitive advantages over us with respect to the development of technologies and processes. These resources may make it difficult for us to compete with them to successfully discover, develop and market new products and for our current products to compete with new products or new product indications that these competitors may bring to market. There may also be significant consolidation in the pharmaceutical industry among our competitors. Alliances may develop among competitors, and these alliances may rapidly acquire significant market share.
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Furthermore, in order to gain market share in China, competitors may significantly increase their advertising expenditures and promotional activities or engage in irrational or predatory pricing behavior. In addition, our competitors may engage in inappropriate competition or illegal acts, such as bribery. Third parties may actively engage in activities designed to undermine our brand name and product quality or to influence customer confidence in our products. Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced margins and loss of market share, any of which could materially adversely affect our profit margins. We may not be able to compete effectively against current and future competitors.
Most of our products are off-patent branded generics that can be manufactured and sold by other pharmaceutical manufacturers in the PRC once the relevant protection or monitoring periods, if any, elapse.
Most of our products are off-patent branded generic pharmaceuticals and are not protected by intellectual property rights. As a result, other pharmaceutical companies may sell equivalent products at a lower cost, and this might result in a commensurate loss in sales of our branded generic products or require us to lower our prices to compete. Certain of our generic products are subject to protection during the CFDA's monitoring period. During such period, the CFDA will not accept applications for new medicine certificates for the same product by other pharmaceutical companies or approve the production or import of the same product by other pharmaceutical companies. Once such monitoring period expires, other manufacturers may obtain relevant production approvals and will be entitled to sell generic pharmaceutical products with similar formulae or production methods in China. The maximum monitoring period currently granted by the CFDA is five years from the date the CFDA production approval is issued. As a result, we expect to face increased competition for our products following the expirations of their respective monitoring periods. If other pharmaceutical companies sell pharmaceutical products that are similar to our unprotected products or our protected products for which the relevant protection or monitoring period has expired, we may face additional competition and our business and profitability may be adversely affected.
Our business depends in part on our well-known Helpson brand name, and if we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand recognition to maintain our competitive advantage, our reputation, business and operating results may be harmed.
We believe that market awareness of our Helpson brand has contributed significantly to the success of our business. We also believe that maintaining and enhancing the Helpson brand is critical to maintaining our competitive advantage. Although our sales and marketing staff will continue to further promote our brand to remain competitive, we may not be successful. If we are unable to further enhance our brand recognition and increase awareness of our products, or if we are compelled to incur excessive marketing and promotion expenses in order to maintain our brand awareness, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, our sales and results of operations could be adversely affected if the Helpson brand or our reputation is impaired by recalls or negative publicity for one of our branded products, and certain actions taken by our distributors, competitors, third-party marketing firms or relevant regulatory authorities.
Reimbursement may not be available for our products, which could diminish our sales or affect our ability to sell our products profitably.
Market acceptance and sales of our products also depend to a large extent on the reimbursement policies of the PRC government. The Ministry of Labor and Social Security of the PRC or provincial or local labor and social security authorities, together with other government authorities, review the inclusion or removal of drugs from the national medical insurance catalog or provincial or local medical insurance catalogs for the National Medical Insurance Program every other year, and catalogs under which a drug will be classified affects the amounts reimbursable to program participants for their purchases of those medicines. These determinations are made based on a number of factors, including price and efficacy. Generally, there are two catalogs, the NIC and the EDL on which a product can be included. The products selected for the EDL generally are selected from the NIC. A consumer can be reimbursed for the full cost of a medicine on the EDL and can be reimbursed for 80% to 90% of the cost of a medicine listed on the NIC. Our Vitamin B6,Cefalexin, Clarithromycin and Omeprazole products are currently included in the EDL. If the relevant government authorities decide to remove these products from the medicine catalogs, such removal may reduce the affordability of our products and change the public perception regarding our products, which, in turn, would adversely affect the sales of these products and reduce our net revenue. Furthermore, if we are unable to obtain approval from the relevant government authorities to include our new products in the national, provincial or local medicine catalogs, sales of our new products maybe materially and adversely affected.
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The growth and success of our business depend on our ability to successfully market our principal products to hospitals and their selection in tender processes used by hospitals for medicine purchases.
Our future growth and success significantly depend on our ability to successfully market our principal products to hospitals as prescription medicines. Approximately 90% of the end-customers of our products were hospitals. Hospitals may make bulk purchases of a medicine included in the national and provincial medicine catalogs only if that medicine is selected under a government-administered tender process. The interest of a hospital in a medicine is evidenced by:

● | the inclusion of this medicine on the hospital's formulary, which establishes the scope of medicines physicians at this hospital may prescribe to their patients, and

● | the willingness of physicians at a hospital to prescribe this medicine to their patients.

We believe effective marketing efforts are critical in making and keeping hospitals and physicians interested in purchasing our products. If our marketing efforts are not effective, hospital administrators may not want to include our products in their formularies or may remove them from their formularies, or physicians may not be interested in prescribing our products to their patients. As a result, we may find it difficult to maintain the existing level of sales of our products, and our revenues and profitability may decline.
Our future research and development projects may not be successful.
The successful development of pharmaceutical products can be affected by many factors. Products that appear to be promising at their early phases of research and development may fail to be commercialized for various reasons, including the failure to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals. In addition, the research and development cycle for new products for which we may obtain an approval certificate is long. The process of conducting basic research and various stages of tests and trials of a new product before obtaining an approval certificate and commercializing the product may require ten years or longer. A few of our product candidates are in the early stages of pre-clinical study and clinical trial and we must conduct significant additional clinical trials before we can seek the regulatory approvals necessary to begin commercial production and sales of these products. There is no assurance that our future research and development projects will be successful or completed within the anticipated time frame or budget or that we will receive the necessary approvals from relevant authorities for the production of these newly developed products, or that these newly-developed products will achieve commercial success.
Others may obtain approval for a competitive product before the product we are developing is approved. In that case, we may be precluded from getting approval until the competitor's monitoring period expires and realize little or no benefit from our research and development investment.
Even if such products can be successfully commercialized, they may not achieve the level of market acceptance that we expect. In addition, the pharmaceutical industry is characterized by rapid changes in technology, constant enhancement of industrial know-how and frequent emergence of new products. Future technological improvements and continual product developments in the pharmaceutical market may render our existing products obsolete or affect their viability and competitiveness. Therefore, our future success will largely depend on our development capability, including our ability to improve our existing products, diversify our product range and develop new and competitively-priced products that can meet the requirements of the changing market. Should we fail to respond to these frequent technological advances by improving our existing products or developing new products in a timely manner or these products do not achieve a desirable level of market acceptance, our business and profitability will be materially and adversely affected.
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We cooperate with research institutions and universities in the PRC for the research and development of certain new products and any failure of such research institutions to meet our timing and quality standards or our failure to continue such collaborative arrangement or enter into such new arrangements could adversely affect our ability to develop new pharmaceuticals and our overall business prospects.
Our business strategy includes collaborating with third parties for research and development of new products. We maintained long-term cooperative relationships with a number of research institutions and universities in the PRC. These research institutions and universities have collaborated with us in a number of research projects and certain of our products that have obtained approval certificates were developed by such research institutions. At present, several research institutions and universities are working with us on various research and development projects. Any failure of such research institutions to meet the required quality standards and timetables set forth in their research agreements with us, or our inability to enter into additional research agreements with these research institutions on terms acceptable to us in the future, may have an adverse effect on our ability to develop new medicines and on our business prospects. In addition, the growth of our business and development of new products may require that we seek additional research institutions. We cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into agreements with new parties on terms acceptable to us. Our inability to enter into such agreements or our failure to maintain such arrangements could limit the number of new products that we develop and ultimately decrease our sources of future revenue.
We may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for any of the new products and failure to obtain these approvals could materially harm our business.
All new medicines must be approved by the CFDA before they can be marketed and sold in the PRC. The CFDA requires successful completion of clinical trials and demonstrated manufacturing capability before it grants approval. It often takes a number of years before a medicine can be ultimately approved by the CFDA. In addition, the CFDA and other regulatory authorities may apply new standards for safety, manufacturing, packaging, and distribution of future product candidates.
Complying with such standards may be time-consuming and expensive and could result in delays in obtaining CFDA approval for our future product candidates, or possibly preclude us from obtaining CFDA approval altogether. For example, due to the enhanced criteria introduced during the implementation process of the trial of one of our products in the dried powder injectables and granule production lines in our old plant, the clinical trials lasted longer than originally expected. Furthermore, our future products may not be effective or may prove to have undesirable or unintended side effects, toxicities or other characteristics that may preclude us from obtaining regulatory approval or prevent or limit commercial use. The CFDA and other regulatory authorities may not approve the products that we develop and even if we do obtain regulatory approvals, such regulatory approvals may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which we may market a product, which may limit the size of the market for such product.
New product development in the pharmaceutical industry is time-consuming and costly and has a low rate of successful commercialization.
Our success will depend in part on our ability to enhance our existing products and to develop new products. The development process for pharmaceutical products is complex and uncertain, as well as time-consuming and costly. Relatively few research and development programs produce a commercial product. A product candidate that appears promising in the early phases of development may fail to reach the market for a number of reasons, such as:

● | the failure to demonstrate safety and efficacy in preclinical and clinical trials;

● | the failure to obtain approvals for intended use from relevant regulatory bodies, such as the CFDA;

● | our inability to manufacture and commercialize sufficient quantities of the product economically; and

● | proprietary rights, such as patent rights, held by others to our product candidates and their refusal to sell or license such rights to us on reasonable terms, or at all.

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Delays in any part of the development process or our inability to obtain regulatory approval of our products could adversely affect our operating results by restricting or delaying our introduction of new products. Even if we successfully commercialize new products, these products may address markets that are currently being served by our mature products and may result in a reduction in the sales volume of our mature product or vice versa. Failure to develop, obtain necessary regulatory clearances or approvals for or successfully commercialize or market potential new products or technologies could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to successfully identify and acquire new products or businesses.
In addition to our own product development efforts, our growth strategy also relies on our acquisitions of new product candidates, products or businesses from third parties. Any future growth through acquisitions will be dependent upon the continued availability of suitable acquisition candidates at favorable prices and upon advantageous terms and conditions. Even if such opportunities are present, we may not be able to successfully identify them. Moreover, other companies, many of which may have substantially greater financial, marketing and sales resources, are competing with us for the right to acquire such product candidates, products or businesses.
We depend on distributors for all of our revenues and failure to maintain relationships with our distributors or to otherwise expand our distribution network would materially and adversely affect our business.
We sell our products exclusively to pharmaceutical distributors in the PRC and depend on distributors for all of our revenues. We have business relationships with over 1,000 distributors in the PRC. For the year ended December 31, 2015, one distributor accounted for 8% of our revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2015, one distributor accounted for 28% of our accounts receivable. In line with industry practices in the PRC, we enter into written sales agreements with our distributors. However, such sales agreements are not in substance equivalent to a typical distribution agreement in the United States. Each sales agreement is more in the form of a sales order and specifies one or several purchases of one or more products without any continuing obligation to purchase any additional amount of products. In the event certain distributors choose not to continue their relationship with us after completing their existing sales agreements, they can do so without breaching any contract or agreement and our financial results could be adversely affected if we cannot find the equivalent distributors in time under such circumstances. In addition, some of our distributors may sell products that compete with our products. We compete for desired distributors with other pharmaceutical manufacturers, many of which may have higher visibility, greater name recognition and financial resources, and broader product selection than we do. Consequently, maintaining relationships with existing distributors and replacing distributors may be difficult and time consuming. Any disruption of our distribution network, including our failure to renew our existing distribution agreements with our desired distributors, could negatively affect our ability to effectively sell our products and would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on a limited number of distributors for the majority of sales of our products.
We rely on a limited number of distributors for most of our net revenue. Our top five distributors in the aggregate accounted for 22% and 25% of our net revenues in 2015 and 2014, respectively. We expect that a relatively small number of our distributors will continue to account for a major portion of our net revenue in the near future. Our dependence on a few distributors could expose us to the risk of substantial losses if a single large distributor stops purchasing our products, purchases fewer of our products or goes out of business and we cannot find substitute distributors on equivalent terms. If any of our significant distributors reduces the quantity of the products they purchase from us or stops purchasing from us, our net revenue would be materially and adversely affected.
Our operations may be affected if we could not pass the Consistency Evaluation requirement issued by the State Council for any of our current existing products
Generic drugs refer to the drugs with the same active ingredient, dosage form, delivery channel and therapeutic effects compared to the original drugs. "Consistency Evaluation" requires currently marketed generic products to prove consistency in term of quality and therapeutic effect, and substitutable during clinical trials with original drug. The Consistency Evaluation could enhance the development of pharmaceutical industry, ensure drug safety and effectiveness, promote the upgrading and restructuring the pharmaceutical industry, and improve international competitiveness.
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The PRC State Council issued the "Opinions on Carrying out Consistency Evaluation on Quality and Efficacy of Generic Drugs " ("Opinions") on March 5, 2016, which requires all chemical generic pipeline products to carry out Consistency Evaluation before final registration approval. In addition, all oral solution generic drugs listed in National Essential Drugs List (2012 edition) and launched into market before October 1, 2007 should complete Consistency Evaluation by the end of 2018. Consistency Evaluation should be completed by the end of 2021 for drugs with existing special condition or those require clinical efficacy trials. Drugs fail to meet requirements shall not be re-registered. As of today, at least four of our products in pipelines were postponed in receiving its CFDA approval due to this additional new requirement and the Company strives to accelerate the process.
The "Opinions" stressed that the drug manufacturers are subjects to the Consistency Evaluation. Therefore, if we fail to complete the Consistency Evaluation for our generic drugs per the government's requirement, our business and operation will be negatively impacted.
Our operations may be affected if we could not obtain raw materials from our current key suppliers on acceptable terms.
We require a supply of a wide variety of raw materials to manufacture our products. Currently, we rely on numerous suppliers in the PRC and overseas to deliver our required raw materials and believe we have at least three principal suppliers for each of our most critical raw materials. For the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, purchases from one supplier accounted for 27.0% and 26.5% of our raw material purchases, respectively.
Historically, we have not had difficulty obtaining raw materials from suppliers. However, we cannot predict the impact on our suppliers of the current economic environment and other developments in their respective businesses. Insolvency, financial difficulties or other factors may result in our suppliers not being able to fulfill the terms of their agreements with us. Furthermore, such factors may render suppliers unwilling to extend contracts that provide favorable terms to us or may force them to seek to renegotiate existing contracts. Although we believe we have alternative sources of supply for the raw materials used in our business, termination of our relationship with any of our key suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations in the unlikely event that we are unable to obtain adequate raw materials from other sources in a timely manner or at all.
We may not be able to effectively manage our employees and distribution network, and our reputation, business, prospects and brand may be materially and adversely affected by actions taken by our distributors and third party marketing firms.
We have limited ability to manage the activities of our distributors and third-party marketing firms that we contract to promote our products and brand name, both of which are independent from us. Our distributors and third-party marketing firms could take one or more of the following actions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects and brand:

● | sell our products outside their designated territory, possibly in violation of the exclusive distribution rights of other distributors;

● | fail to adequately promote our products;

● | promote competing products in lieu of our products; or

● | violate the anti-corruption laws of China, the United States or other countries.

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In addition, although our company policies prohibit our employees from making improper payments to hospitals or otherwise engaging in improper activities to influence the procurement decisions of hospitals, we may not be able to effectively manage our employees, as the compensation of our sales and marketing personnel is partially linked to their sales performance. As a result, we cannot assure you that our employees will not violate the anticorruption laws of the PRC, the United States and other countries. Such violations could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, prospects and brand.
Failure to adequately manage our employees, distribution network or third-party marketing firms, or their non-compliance with employment, distribution or marketing agreements could harm our corporate image among hospitals and end users of our products and disrupt our sales, resulting in a failure to meet our sales goals. Furthermore, we could be liable for actions taken by our employees, distributors or third-party marketing firms, including any violations of applicable law in connection with the marketing or sale of our products, including China's anticorruption laws and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of the United States, or the FCPA. In particular, if our employees, distributors or third-party marketing firms make any payments that are forbidden under the FCPA, we could be subject to civil and criminal penalties imposed by the U.S. government.
Recently, the PRC government has increased its anti-corruption measures. In the pharmaceutical industry, corrupt practices include, among others, acceptance of kickbacks, bribes or other illegal gains or benefits by the hospitals and medical practitioners from pharmaceutical manufacturers and distributors in connection with the prescription of certain pharmaceuticals. Our employees, affiliates, distributors or third-party marketing firms may violate these laws or otherwise engage in illegal practices with respect to their sales or marking of our products or other activities involving our products. If our employees, affiliates, distributors or third-party marketing firms violate these laws, we could be required to pay damages or fines, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, PRC laws regarding what types of payments to promote or sell our products are impermissible are not always clear. As a result, we, our employees, affiliates, our distributors or third-party marketing firms could make certain payments in connection with the promotion or sale of our products or other activities involving our products which at the time are considered by us or them to be legal but are later deemed impermissible by the PRC government. Furthermore, our brand and reputation, our sales activities or the price of our common stock could be adversely affected if we become the target of any negative publicity as a result of actions taken by our employees, affiliates, distributors or third-party marketing firms.
We have limited insurance coverage and may incur losses resulting from product liability claims, business interruptions or claims that could be covered by D&O Insurance.
The nature of our business exposes us to the risk of product liability claims that is inherent in the research and development, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products. Using product candidates in clinical trials also exposes us to product liability claims. These risks are greater for our products that receive regulatory approval for commercial sale. Even if a product is approved for commercial use by an appropriate governmental agency, there can be no assurance that users will not claim effects other than those intended resulted from the use of our products. While to date no material claim for personal injury resulting from allegedly defective products has been brought against us, a substantial claim or a substantial number of claims, if successful, could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Such lawsuits may divert the attention of our management from our business strategies, may be costly to defend and may negatively impact our reputation and our Helpson brand's reputation, and harm the sales of our other branded products. In addition, product liability insurance for pharmaceutical products is not available in the PRC. In the event of allegations that any of our products are harmful, we may experience reduced consumer demand for our products or our products may be recalled from the market. We may also be forced to defend lawsuits and, if unsuccessful, to pay a substantial amount in damages. In addition, business interruption insurance available in the PRC offers limited coverage compared to that offered in many other countries. We do not have any business interruption insurance. Any business disruption or natural disaster could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources. Lastly, we currently do not have directors and officers insurance. In the event we or any of our directors or officers are sued under any proceedings or actions that could be covered by a standard D&O insurance, we may incur substantial costs and expenses to defend such case.
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Our future liquidity needs are uncertain and we may need to raise additional funds in the future.
Based on our current operating plans, we expect our existing resources to be sufficient to fund our existing operations for at least 12 months. However, we may be required to raise additional funds to expand our operations. In addition, we may, need to raise additional funds if our expenditures exceed our current expectations. This could occur for a number of reasons, including:

● | we determine to devote significant amount of financial resources to the development of products that we believe to have significant commercialization potential;

● | we determine to acquire or license rights to additional product candidates or new technologies;

● | some or all of our product candidates fail in clinical trials or pre-clinical studies or prove to be not as commercially promising as we expect and we are forced to develop or acquire additional product candidates;

● | our product candidates require more extensive clinical or pre-clinical testing or clinical trials of these product candidates take longer to complete than we currently expect; or

● | we determine or are required to conduct more high-throughput screening than expected against current or additional disease targets to develop additional product candidates.

Our ability to raise additional funds in the future is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including:

● | our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;

● | general market conditions for capital-raising activities by pharmaceutical companies; and

● | economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere.

We cannot assure you that our revenues will be sufficient to meet our operational needs and capital requirements. If we need to obtain external financing, we cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Our future liquidity needs and other business reasons could require us to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity or equity-linked securities could result in additional dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of additional indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations.
We may undertake acquisitions in the future, and any difficulties in integrating these acquisitions may damage our profitability.
In the future, we may acquire additional businesses or products that complement our existing business and expand our business scale. The integration of new businesses and products may prove to be an expensive and time consuming procedure. We can offer no assurance that we will be able to successfully integrate the newly acquired businesses and products or operate the acquired business in a profitable manner. Failure to locate an appropriate acquisition target, failure to successfully integrate and operate acquired businesses and products, and failure to identify substantial liabilities associated with acquired businesses, may materially adversely impact our operations and profits.
The failure to manage growth effectively could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of our operations.
The rapid market growth of our pharmaceutical products may require us to expand our employee base for managerial, operational, financial and other purposes. As of December 31, 2015, we had 415 employees. Our future development will impose significant responsibilities upon the members of management to identify, recruit, maintain, integrate and motivate new employees. Aside from the increased difficulties in the management of human resources, we may also encounter working capital issues, as we need increased liquidity to finance the purchases of raw materials and supplies, research and development and purchase of drug formulas for new products, acquisition of new businesses and technologies, and the hiring of additional employees. For effective growth management, we will be required to continue improving our operations, management, and financial systems and control. Our failure to manage growth effectively may lead to operational and financial inefficiencies that will have a negative effect on our profitability.
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We depend upon key employees and consultants in a competitive market for skilled personnel. If we are unable to attract and retain key personnel, it could adversely affect our ability to develop and market our products.
We are highly dependent upon the principal members of our management team, especially Ms. Zhilin Li, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer. The loss of the services of Ms. Li would adversely affect our ability to develop and market our products. We also depend in part on the continued services of our key scientific personnel and our ability to identify, hire and retain additional personnel, including marketing and sales staff. We face intense competition for qualified personnel, and the existence of noncompetition agreements between prospective employees and their former employers may prevent us from hiring those individuals or subject us to suit from their former employers. While we attempt to provide competitive compensation packages to attract and retain key personnel, many of our competitors are likely to have greater resources and more experience than we have, making it difficult for us to compete successfully for key personnel.
Certain of our employees and consultants were previously employed at other biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies, including our competitors or potential competitors, or at universities or other research institutions. Although no claims against us are currently pending, we may be subject to claims that these employees or consultants have, inadvertently or otherwise, used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of their former employers. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to our management. If we fail in defending such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel.
We are subject to environmental regulations and may be exposed to liability and potential costs for environmental compliance.
We are subject to PRC laws and regulations concerning the discharge of waste water, gaseous waste and solid waste during our manufacturing processes. We are required to establish and maintain facilities to dispose of waste and report the volume of waste to the relevant government authorities, which conduct scheduled or unscheduled inspections of our facilities and treatment of such discharge. We may not at all times comply fully with environmental regulations. Any violation of these regulations may result in substantial fines, criminal sanctions, revocations of operating permits, shutdown of our facilities and obligation to take corrective measures. Our cost of complying with current and future environmental protection laws and regulations and our liabilities which may potentially arise from the discharge of effluent water and solid waste may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The government may take steps towards the adoption of more stringent environmental regulations. Due to the possibility of unanticipated regulatory or other developments, the amount and timing of future environmental expenditures may vary substantially from those currently anticipated. If there is any unanticipated change in the environmental regulations, we may need to incur substantial capital expenditures to install, replace, upgrade or supplement our pollution control equipment or make operational changes to limit any adverse impact or potential adverse impact on the environment in order to comply with new environmental protection laws and regulations. If such costs become prohibitively expensive, we may be forced to cease certain aspects of our business operations.
Power shortages, natural disasters, terrorist acts or other calamities could disrupt our production and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
All of our products are produced at our manufacturing facility in Hainan, China. A significant disruption at that facility, even on a short-term basis, could impair our ability to timely produce and ship products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations. Our manufacturing operations are vulnerable to interruption and damage from natural and other types of disasters, including earthquake, fire, floods, environmental accidents, power loss, communications failures and similar events. If any disaster were to occur, our ability to operate our business at our facilities would be seriously impaired. For example, a once-in-forty-year 16 grade super typhoon Rammasun hit Haikou on July 18, 2014 which caused us approximately $2.3 million (RMB14.2 million) losses. Part of the warehouse was flooded; some damage was caused to our new facility while the water and electricity supply was suspended for several days causing a brief halt to our production activities and a delay our in obtaining the new GMP certificate.
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In addition, we do not maintain any insurance other than property insurance for some of our buildings and equipment. Accordingly, unexpected business interruptions resulting from disasters could disrupt our operations and thereby result in substantial costs and diversion of resources. Our production process requires a continuous supply of electricity. We have encountered power shortages historically due to restricted power supply to industrial users during summers when the usage of electricity is high and supply is limited or as a result of damage to the electricity supply network. Because the duration of those power shortages was brief, they had no material impact on our operations. Interruptions of electricity supply could result in lengthy production shutdowns, increased costs associated with restarting production and the loss of production in progress. Any major suspension or termination of electricity or other unexpected business interruptions could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The discontinuation of any preferential tax treatments or other incentives currently available to us in the PRC could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Prior to January 1, 2008, pursuant to the original Income Tax Law of the PRC for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises and its implementation rules, a foreign invested enterprise as defined under PRC laws was required to pay a 30% corporate income tax and a 3% local income tax; an enterprise with foreign investment of a production nature scheduled to operate for a period of not less than ten years was, from the year of making profits, exempt from enterprise income tax in the first and second years and allowed a fifty percent reduction in the third to fifth years. Pursuant to the State Council's Regulations on Encouraging Investment in and Development of Hainan Island promulgated in May 1988, the corporate income tax for all companies incorporated in Hainan Province was reduced to 15%. Pursuant to the Regulations on Foreign Investment in Hainan Special Economic Zone promulgated by Hainan Province in March 1991 (the "Regulation on Foreign Investment"), all foreign-invested enterprises incorporated in Hainan Province are exempt from the local income tax.
However, on March 16, 2007, China's national congress approved the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC ("New Income Tax Law"), which took effect on January 1, 2008. The New Income Tax Law unified the enterprise income tax rate, cost deduction and tax incentive policies for both domestic and foreign invested enterprises. Under the New Income Tax Law, enterprises that were established and already enjoyed preferential tax rates or tax holidays before March 16, 2007 will (i) in the case of preferential tax rates, gradually increase to a 25% rate over a period of five years, (ii) in the case of tax holidays, continue to receive the benefit of such holidays until the expiration of such term.
As a result, we enjoyed a preferential tax rate of 9%, 10% and 11% in the years of 2008, 2009 and 2010. We obtained the High Tech Enterprise status from the government in 2010 and we enjoy a 15% income tax rate for a three-year period from 2011 to 2013. We applied for continued High Tech Enterprise status in 2013, with its associated favorable tax rate, and we received an extension of the 15% income tax rate for a second three-year period from 2014 to 2016. The discontinuation of any of our existing special or preferential tax treatment or other incentives could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We cannot guarantee the protection of our intellectual property rights, and if infringement or counterfeiting of our intellectual property rights occurs, then our reputation and business may be adversely affected.
To protect the brand names of our products, we have registered and applied for registration of certain of our trademarks in the PRC. Currently eight of the 20 pharmaceutical products we manufacture are marketed under a brand registered as a trademark in China. We also purchased from a third party for a pharmaceutical compound that we are seeking to develop into a further product. To date, we have not experienced any infringements of our trademarks for sales of pharmaceutical products or our exclusive patent license, and we are not aware of any infringement of our intellectual property rights. However, there is no assurance that there will not be any infringement of our brand name or other registered trademarks or counterfeiting of our products in the future. There is no assurance that there will not be any third-party infringement of our patent. Should any such infringement or counterfeiting occur, our reputation and business may be adversely affected. We may also incur significant expenses and substantial amounts of time and effort to protect our intellectual property rights in the future. Such diversion of our resources may adversely affect our existing business and future expansion plans.
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Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights or to determine the validity and scope of the intellectual property rights of others. However, because the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property rights in the PRC are uncertain and still evolving, we may not be successful in prosecuting these cases. In addition, any litigation or proceeding or other efforts to protect our intellectual property rights could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources and could seriously harm our business and operating results. Furthermore, the degree of future protection of our proprietary rights is uncertain and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or keep our competitive advantage. If we are unable to protect our trade names, trade secrets and other propriety information from infringement, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Risks Related to Doing Business in China
Adverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.
We conduct substantially all of our business and have historically derived all of our revenues in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects are affected significantly by economic, political and legal developments in China. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including:

● | the degree of government involvement;

● | the level of development;

● | the growth rate;

● | the control of foreign exchange;

● | access to financing; and

● | the allocation of resources.

While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth in the past 30 years, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The Chinese economy has also experienced certain adverse effects due to the recent global financial crisis. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may also have a negative effect on us. For example, our operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us, and by government policies or guidance aimed at curtailing the perceived over-capacity of certain industry sectors, such as pharmaceutical companies. The Chinese government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate increases, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity in China, which could in turn reduce the demand for our products and materially and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
The Chinese economy has been transitioning from a planned economy to a more market-oriented economy. Although in recent years the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of sound corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of the productive assets in China is still owned by the Chinese government. The continued control of these assets and other aspects of the national economy by the Chinese government could materially and adversely affect our business.
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The Chinese government also exercises significant control over Chinese economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.
Any adverse change in the economic conditions or government policies in China could have a material and adverse effect on overall economic growth and the level of investments in health industries in China, which in turn could lead to a reduction in demand for our products and consequently have a material and adverse effect on our business.
The PRC legal system has inherent uncertainties that could limit the legal protections available to us.
The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike common law systems, it is a system in which decided legal cases have little precedential value. In the late 1970s, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws and regulations governing commercial matters. The overall effect of legislation enacted over the past 20 years has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to foreign-invested enterprises in China. However, these laws, regulations and legal requirements are relatively recent and are evolving rapidly, and their interpretation and enforcement involve uncertainties. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to foreign investors.
The practical effect of the PRC legal system on our business operations in China can be viewed from two separate but intertwined considerations. First, as a matter of substantive law, the Foreign Invested Enterprise laws provide significant protection from government interference. In addition, these laws guarantee the full benefit of corporate articles and contracts to Foreign Invested Enterprise participants. These laws, however, do impose standards concerning corporate formation and governance that are not qualitatively different from the corporation laws found in the United States. Similarly, PRC accounting laws mandate accounting practices that may not be consistent with the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. PRC accounting laws require that an annual "statutory audit" be performed in accordance with PRC accounting standards and that the account books of a foreign invested enterprise be maintained in accordance with PRC accounting laws. Article 14 of the PRC Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise Law requires a wholly foreign-owned enterprise to submit certain periodic fiscal reports and statements to designated financial and tax authorities. If a foreign-invested enterprise refuses to keep account books in China, the financial and tax authorities may impose a fine on it, and the industry and commerce administration authority may order it to suspend operations or may revoke its business license.
Second, while the enforcement of substantive rights may be less clear than United States procedures, foreign invested enterprises and wholly foreign-owned enterprises are PRC registered companies that enjoy the same status as other PRC registered companies in business-to-business dispute resolutions. The PRC legal infrastructure, however, is significantly different in operation from its United States counterpart, and may present a significant impediment to the operation of a foreign invested enterprise.
PRC economic reform policies or nationalization could result in a total investment loss in our common stock.
Since 1979, the PRC government has reformed its economic policies. Because many reforms are unprecedented or experimental, they are expected to be refined and improved. Other political, economic and social factors, such as political changes, changes in the economic growth rates, unemployment or inflation, or in the disparities in per capita wealth between regions within China, could lead to further readjustment of the reform measures. This refining and readjustment process may negatively affect our operations.
Although the PRC government owns the majority of productive assets in China, in the past several years the government has implemented economic reform measures that emphasize decentralization and encourage private economic activity. Because these economic reform measures may be inconsistent or ineffectual, there are no assurances that:

● | We will be able to capitalize on economic reforms;

● | The Chinese government will continue its pursuit of economic reform policies;

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● | The economic policies, even if pursued, will be successful;
● | Economic policies will not be significantly altered from time to time; or

● | Business operations in China will not become subject to the risk of nationalization.

Over the last few years, China's economy has registered high growth rates. Recently, there have been indications that rates of inflation have increased. In response, the Chinese government recently has taken measures to curb this excessively expansive economy. These measures have included restrictions on the availability of domestic credit, reducing the purchasing capability of some of its customers, and limited recentralization of the approval process for purchases of certain foreign products. These austere measures alone may not succeed in slowing down the economy's excessive expansion or control inflation, and may result in severe dislocations in the Chinese economy. The PRC government may adopt additional measures to further combat inflation, including the establishment of freezes or restraints on certain projects or markets. These measures may adversely affect our operations.
There can be no assurance that the reforms to China's economic system will continue or that we will not be adversely affected by changes in China's political, economic, and social conditions and by changes in policies of the PRC government, such as changes in laws and regulations, measures which may be introduced to control inflation, changes in the rate or method of taxation, imposition of additional restrictions on currency conversion and remittance abroad, and reduction in tariff protection and other import restrictions.
You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in the PRC against our company or our management based on U.S. or other foreign laws.
Our operating subsidiary, Helpson, is incorporated under the laws of the PRC and substantially all of our assets are located in the PRC. In addition, substantially all of our directors, executive officers and managers reside within the PRC, and substantially all of the assets of these persons are located within the PRC. As a result, it may not be possible to effect service of process within the United States or elsewhere outside the PRC upon certain of our directors, executive officers or managers, including with respect to matters arising under U.S. federal securities laws or applicable state securities laws. Moreover, the PRC does not have treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan or many other countries. As a result, recognition and enforcement in the PRC of judgments of a court in the United States and any of the other jurisdictions mentioned above in relation to any matter may be difficult or impossible. Furthermore, an original action may be brought in the PRC against us, our directors, executive officers or managers only if the actions are not required to be arbitrated by PRC law and Helpson's articles of association, and only if the facts alleged in the complaint give rise to a cause of action under PRC law. In connection with any such original action, a PRC court may impose civil liability, including monetary damages.
Because we receive substantially all of our revenue in Renminbi, which currently is not a freely convertible currency, and the PRC government controls the currency conversion and the fluctuation of the Remninbi, we are subject to changes in the PRC's political and economic decisions.
We receive substantially all of our revenues in Renminbi, which currently is not a freely-convertible currency. The PRC government may, at its discretion, restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. Any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated in Renminbi to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introduced regulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the Renminbi for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restriction that foreign-invested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies, after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks authorized to conduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of Renminbi for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmental approval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items.
We cannot be certain that the Chinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the Renminbi, especially with respect to foreign exchange transactions.
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Fluctuation in the value of the Renminbi may have a material and adverse effect on your investment. The change in value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar is affected by, among other things, changes in PRC's political and economic conditions. From 1995 until July 2005, the People's Bank of China intervened in the foreign exchange market to maintain an exchange rate of approximately Renminbi8.3 per U.S. dollar. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed this policy and began allowing modest appreciation of the Renminbi versus the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the Renminbi was permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy caused the Renminbi to appreciate approximately 21.5% against the U.S. dollar over the following three years. As a consequence, the Renminbi has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freely traded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may last and when and how it may change again. There remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt a substantial liberalization of its currency policy, which could result in a further and more significant appreciation in the value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar. Significant revaluation of the Renminbi may have a material and adverse effect on your investment. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from securities offering into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our common stock or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. In August 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, represented the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain that China's slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.
In addition, appreciation or depreciation in the value of the Renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial results reported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. The income statements of our operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates in each applicable period. To the extent the U.S. dollar strengthens against foreign currencies, the translation of these foreign currencies denominated transactions results in reduced revenue, operating expenses and net income for our international operations. Similarly, to the extent the U.S. dollar weakens against foreign currencies, the translation of these foreign currency denominated transactions results in increased revenue, operating expenses and net income for our international operations. We are also exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as we convert the financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars in consolidation. If there is a change in foreign currency exchange rates, the conversion of the foreign subsidiaries' financial statements into U.S. dollars will lead to a translation gain or loss, which is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income. Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure at all.
We are subject to the environmental protection laws of the PRC that may be costly to comply with and may adversely affect our manufacturing operations.
Our manufacturing process may produce by-products, such as effluent, gases and noise, that are harmful to the environment. We are subject to multiple laws governing environmental protection, such as "The Law on Environmental Protection in the PRC" and "The Law on Prevention of Effluent Pollution in the PRC," as well as standards set by the relevant governmental bodies determining the classification of different wastes and proper disposal. We have properly attained a waste disposal permit for our manufacturing facility, which details the types and concentration of effluents and gases allowed for disposal. We are responsible for the renewal of the waste disposal permit. There is no assurance that we will obtain the renewal of the waste disposal permit when the current permit expires.
China is experiencing substantial problems with environmental pollution. Accordingly, it is likely that the national, provincial and local governmental agencies will adopt stricter pollution controls. There can be no assurance that future changes in environmental laws and regulations will not impose costly compliance requirements on us or otherwise subject us to future liabilities. Our business's profitability may be adversely affected if additional or modified environmental control regulations are imposed upon us.
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Failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee equity incentive plans may subject our PRC citizen employees or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.
On March 28, 2007, the SAFE promulgated the Application Procedure of Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Employee Stock Holding Plan or Share Option Plan of Overseas-Listed Company, which were superseded by Notice from SAFE regarding Issues related to Domestic Individual Participating Offshore Public Company Equity Incentive Plan promulgated on February 15, 2012 ("SAFE #7") or the Share Option Rule. Under the Share Option Rule, PRC citizens who are granted share options or other employee equity incentive awards by an overseas publicly-listed company are required, through a PRC agent who may be a PRC subsidiary of such overseas publicly-listed company, to register with the SAFE and complete certain other procedures related to the share options or other employee equity incentive plans. We and our PRC citizen employees who are granted share options or other equity incentive awards under our 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan, or PRC optionees, are subject to the Share Option Rule. If we or our PRC optionees fail to comply with these regulations, we or our PRC optionees may be subject to fines and legal sanctions.
The enforcement of new labor contract law and its implementation rules and increase in labor costs in the PRC may adversely affect our business and our profitability.
China adopted the PRC Employment Contract Law, or the new Labor Contract Law, effective January 1, 2008 and the implementation rules effective September 18, 2008. The new Labor Contract Law and its implementation rules impose more stringent obligations on employers for, among others, entering into written employment contracts, hiring temporary employees, dismissing employees, setting compensations for dismissal and protecting certain sick or disabled employees from dismissal and setting forth detailed requirements relating to the contents of the employment contracts. The implementation of the new Labor Contract Law may increase our operating expenses, in particular our personnel expenses, as the continued success of our business depends significantly on our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel. In the event that we decide to terminate some of our employees or otherwise change our employment or labor practices, the new Labor Contract Law may also limit our ability to effect those changes in a manner that we believe to be cost-effective or desirable, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRC entities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds we receive from a securities offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operating subsidiary.
In utilizing the proceeds we receive from a securities offering, as an offshore holding company with a PRC subsidiary, we may make loans to our PRC subsidiary, or we may make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary. Any loans to our PRC subsidiary are subject to PRC regulations and approvals. For example, loans to our PRC subsidiary Helpson, which is a foreign-invested enterprise, to finance its activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in China, or SAFE, or its local counterpart. Loans by us to domestic PRC enterprises must be approved by the relevant government authorities and must also be registered with the SAFE or its local counterpart. Any capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary must be approved by the Ministry of Commerce in China or its local counterpart. On August 29, 2008, SAFE promulgated Circular 142, a notice regulating the conversion by a foreign-invested company of foreign currency into Renminbi by restricting how the converted Renminbi may be used. The notice requires that Renminbi converted from the foreign currency denominated capital of a foreign-invested company may only be used for purposes within the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC unless specifically provided for otherwise.
In addition, SAFE strengthened its oversight over the flow and use of Renminbi funds converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested company. The use of such Renminbi may not be changed without approval from SAFE, and may not be used to repay Renminbi loans if the proceeds of such loans have not yet been used. Violations of Circular 142 may result in severe penalties, including substantial fines as set forth in the Foreign Exchange Administration Rules. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain these government registrations or approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to our future loans or capital contributions to our direct or indirect subsidiaries. If we fail to receive such registrations or approvals, our ability to use the proceeds from a securities offering and to capitalize our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and ability to fund and expand our business.
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The 2006 M&A Rule establishes more complex procedures for some acquisitions of Chinese companies by foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions in China.
On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, namely, the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, or SASAC, the State Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and SAFE, jointly adopted the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the 2006 M&A Rule, which became effective on September 8, 2006. The 2006 M&A Rule establishes additional procedures and requirements that could make some acquisitions of PRC companies by foreign entities, such as our company, more time-consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances that the approval of the Ministry of Commerce shall be required for transactions involving the shares of an offshore listed company being used as the acquisition consideration by foreign entities, including Sino-foreign joint ventures. In the future, we may grow our business in part by acquiring complementary businesses. Complying with the requirements of the 2006 M&A Rule to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval from the Ministry of Commerce, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.
Our China-sourced income is subject to PRC withholding tax under the new Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC, and we may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% when more detailed rules or precedents are promulgated.
We are a Nevada holding company with substantially all of our operations conducted through our operating subsidiary in China. Under the new PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the new EIT Law, and its implementation rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, China-sourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, is generally subject to a 10% withholding tax. The new EIT Law, however, also provides that enterprises established outside China whose "de facto management bodies" are located in China are considered "tax resident enterprises" and will generally be subject to the uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate as to their global income. Under the implementation rules, "de facto management bodies" are defined as the bodies that have, in substance, overall management control over such aspects as the production and business, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In April 2009, the PRC tax authority promulgated the Notice on Determination of Tax Resident Enterprises of Chinese-controlled Offshore Incorporated Enterprises in accordance with Their De Facto Management Bodies, or Circular 82, to clarify the criteria for determining whether the "de facto management bodies" are located within the PRC for enterprises incorporated overseas with controlling shareholders being PRC enterprises. As all of the our operational management is currently based in the PRC, and we expect them to continue to be located in China, our company may be deemed a PRC resident enterprise and therefore subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on our worldwide income, which excludes the dividends received directly from another PRC resident enterprise. Due to the lack of clear guidance on the criteria pursuant to which the PRC tax authorities will determine our tax residency under the new EIT Law, it remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities will treat us as a PRC resident enterprise. Therefore, we are unable to confirm whether we are subject to the tax applicable to resident enterprises or non-resident enterprises under the new EIT Law. Furthermore, in connection with the new EIT Law and Tax Implementation Regulations, the Ministry of Finance and State Administration of Taxation jointly issued, on April 30, 2009, the Notice on Issues Concerning Process of Enterprise Income Tax in Enterprise Restructuring Business, or Circular 59, which became effective retrospectively on January 1, 2008. It is uncertain to us as to how it will be implemented and the respective tax base and the tax exposure cannot be determined reliably at this stage. In case we are required to pay the income tax on capital gains by the relevant PRC tax authorities, our financial conditions and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Dividends payable by us to our foreign investors and gain on the sale of our shares may become subject to taxes under PRC tax laws.
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Under the new EIT law and its implementation rules, to the extent that we are considered a "resident enterprise" which is "domiciled" in China, PRC income tax at the rate of 10% is applicable to dividends payable by us to investors that are "non-resident enterprises" so long as such "non-resident enterprise" investors do not have an establishment or place of business in China or, despite the existence of such establishment or place of business in China, the relevant income is not effectively connected with such establishment or place of business in China. Similarly, any gain realized on the transfer of our shares by such investors is also subject to a 10% PRC income tax if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within China and we are considered a "resident enterprise" which is domiciled in China for tax purposes. Additionally, there is a possibility that the relevant PRC tax authorities may take the view that our purpose is that of a holding company, and the capital gain derived by our overseas stockholders would be deemed China-sourced income, in which case such capital gain may be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate of up to 10%. If we are required under the new EIT law to withhold PRC income tax on our dividends payable to our foreign stockholders who are "non-resident enterprises", or if you are required to pay PRC income tax on the transfer of our shares under the circumstances mentioned above, the value of your investment in our shares may be materially and adversely affected. It is unclear whether, if we are considered a PRC "resident enterprise," holders of our shares would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties or agreements entered into between China and other countries or areas.
The strengthened scrutiny over acquisition transactions by the PRC tax authorities may have a negative impact on our acquisition strategy.
In connection with the new EIT Law, the Ministry of Finance and State Administration of Taxation jointly issued, on April 30, 2009, the Notice on Issues Concerning Process of Enterprise Income Tax in Enterprise Restructuring Business, or Circular 59. On December 10, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice on Strengthening the Management on Enterprise Income Tax for Non-resident Enterprises Equity Transfer, or Circular 698. Both Circular 59 and Circular 698 became effective retrospectively on January 1, 2008. By promulgating and implementing these circulars, the PRC tax authorities have strengthened their scrutiny over the direct or indirect transfer of equity interest in a PRC resident enterprise by a non-resident enterprise. For example, Circular 698 specifies that the PRC State Administration of Taxation is entitled to redefine the nature of an equity transfer where offshore vehicles are interposed by abusing corporate structures for tax-avoidance purposes and without reasonable commercial intention. We may pursue acquisitions as one of our growth strategies, and may conduct acquisitions involving complex corporate structures. We cannot be assured that the PRC tax authorities will not, at their discretion, adjust the capital gains thus causing us to incur additional acquisition costs.
The slowing economic growth in China may assert a negative impact on our operation and financial results.
According to several articles published by the Wall Street Journal, CNN, and BBC News in January 2016, After experiencing rapid growth for more than a decade, China's economy has been hit by shrinking foreign and domestic demand, weak investment, factory overcapacity and oversupply in the property market, and has experienced a painful slowdown in the last two years. In 2015, China's economy grew by 6.9%, compared with 7.3% a year earlier, marking its slowest growth in a quarter of a century. As the government tried to shift the growth engine away from manufacturing and debt-fueled investment toward the services sector and consumer spending, the outlook of the Chinese economy is uncertain.
In the next two to three years, China's growth performance could deteriorate because of the overhang of its real estate bubble, massive manufacturing overcapacity, and the lack of new growth engines. the International Monetary Fund expected China's economy to grow by 6.3% this year and 6% in 2017. If China's economy is further slowing down, it may negatively affect our business operation and financial results.
Risks Related to our Common Stock
The market price for our common stock may be volatile which could results in a complete loss of your investment.
The market price for our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to factors including the following:

● | actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results;

● | announcements of new products by us or our competitors;

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● | changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;

● | conditions in the pharmaceutical market;

● | changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other companies involved in pharmaceutical production;

● | announcements by our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

● | economic, regulatory and political developments;

● | additions or departures of key personnel, or

● | potential litigation.

In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We may issue additional shares of our capital stock to raise additional cash for working capital; if we issue additional shares of our capital stock, our stockholders will experience dilution in their respective percentage ownership in the company.
We may issue additional shares of our capital stock to raise additional cash for working capital. There is no anti-dilution protection or preemptive rights in connection with our common stock. Thus, the percentage ownership of existing holders of common stock may be diluted in their respective percentage ownership in us if we issue additional shares of our capital stock.
A large portion of our common stock is controlled by a small number of stockholders and as a result, these stockholders are able to influence and ultimately control the outcome of stockholder votes on various matters.
A large portion of our common stock is held by a small number of stockholders. For instance, Heung Mei Tsui, a member of our Board of Directors, holds 21.4% and Zhilin Li, our Chief Executive Officer, holds 23.1% of our common stock, respectively, as of the date hereof. As a result, these two stockholders are able to significantly influence the outcome of stockholder votes on various matters, including the election of directors and other corporate transactions including business combinations. In addition, the occurrence of sales of a large number of shares of our common stock, or the perception that these sales could occur, may affect our stock price and could impair our ability to obtain capital through an offering of equity securities. Furthermore, the current ratios of ownership of our common stock reduce the public float and liquidity of our common stock which can in turn affect the market price of our common stock.
We are likely to remain subject to "penny stock" regulations and as a consequence there are additional sales practice requirements and additional warnings issued by the SEC.
If at any time we have net tangible assets of $5,000,000 or less and the trading price of our common stock is below $5.00 per share, the open-market trading of our common stock will be subject to the "penny stock" rules of the SEC. The "penny stock" rules impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors (generally those with assets in excess of $1,000,000 or annual income exceeding $200,000 or $300,000 together with their spouse). For transactions covered by these rules, the broker-dealer must make a special suitability determination for the purchase of securities and have received the purchaser's written consent to the transaction before the purchase. Additionally, for any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the broker-dealer must deliver, before the transaction, a disclosure schedule prescribed by the SEC relating to the penny stock market. The broker-dealer also must disclose the commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative and current quotations for the securities. Finally, monthly statements must be sent disclosing recent price information on the limited market in penny stocks. These additional burdens imposed on broker-dealers may restrict the ability of broker-dealers to sell the common stock and may affect a stockholder's ability to resell the common stock.
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There can be no assurance that our common stock will qualify for exemption from the "penny stock" rules. In any event, even if our common stock is exempt from such rules, we would remain subject to Section 15(b)(6) of the Exchange Act, which gives the SEC the authority to restrict any person from participating in a distribution of a "penny stock" if the SEC finds that such a restriction would be in the public interest.
Stockholders should be aware that, according to SEC Release No. 34-29093, the market for penny stocks has suffered in recent years from patterns of fraud and abuse. Such patterns include (i) control of the market for the security by one or a few broker-dealers that are often related to the promoter or issuer; (ii) manipulation of prices through prearranged matching of purchases and sales and false and misleading press releases; (iii) boiler room practices involving high-pressure sales tactics and unrealistic price projections by inexperienced sales persons; (iv) excessive and undisclosed bid-ask differential and markups by selling broker-dealers; and (v) the wholesale dumping of the same securities by promoters and broker-dealers after prices have been manipulated to a desired level, along with the resulting inevitable collapse of those prices and with consequent investor losses. Our management is aware of the abuses that have occurred historically in the penny stock market.
We are responsible for the indemnification of our officers and directors under certain circumstances which could result in substantial expenditures, which we may be unable to recoup.
Our bylaws provide for the indemnification of our directors, officers, employees, and agents, under certain circumstances, against attorney's fees and other expenses incurred by them in any litigation to which they become a party arising from their association with or activities on behalf of us. This indemnification policy could result in substantial expenditures, which we may be unable to recoup.
We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, which could affect our ability to ensure timely and reliable financial reports, affect the ability of our auditors to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls should we become an accelerated filer in the future, and weaken investor confidence in our financial reporting.
As directed by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the SEC adopted rules requiring public companies in their annual reports to include a report of management on the reporting company's disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting. We became subject to this requirement commencing with our fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 and a report of our management is included under Item 9A. "Controls and Procedures" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As set forth in such report, our management has concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective as of December 31, 2015and there existed material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015.
Although there were material weaknesses identified in Item 9A of this Annual Report, we believe we are taking appropriate actions to remediate such material weakness, such measures may not be sufficient to address the material weaknesses identified or ensure that our controls and procedures are effective. We may also discover other material weaknesses in the future. Any failure to maintain or implement required new or improved controls, or any difficulties we encounter in the implementation of such controls, could cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in our financial statements and affect the ability of our auditors to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financing reporting to the extent we become an accelerated filer in the future. In addition, substantial costs and resources may be required to rectify any internal control deficiencies. If we cannot produce reliable financial reports, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, the market price of our common stock could decline significantly, and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.
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We do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock.
You should not rely on an investment our common stock to provide dividend income, as we have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not plan to pay any in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any return on their investment.
Restrictions on the Use of Rule 144 by Shell Companies or Former Shell Companies.
Historically, the SEC has taken the position that Rule 144 under the Securities Act, as amended, is not available for the resale of securities initially issued by companies that are, or previously were, blank check companies like us, to their promoters or affiliates despite technical compliance with the requirements of Rule 144. The SEC has codified and expanded this position in its amendments effective on February 15, 2008 and applies it to securities acquired both before and after that date by prohibiting the use of Rule 144 for resale of securities issued by shell companies (other than business transaction related shell companies) or issuers that have been at any time previously a shell company. The SEC has provided an important exception to this prohibition, however, if the following conditions are met: the issuer of the securities that was formerly a shell company has ceased to be a shell company; the issuer of the securities is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; the issuer of the securities has filed all Exchange Act reports and material required to be filed, as applicable, during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the issuer was required to file such reports and materials), other than Form 8-K reports; and at least one year has elapsed from the time that the issuer filed current Form 10 type information with the SEC reflecting its status as an entity that is not a shell company. As such, due to the fact that we had been a shell company prior to October 2005, holders of "restricted securities" within the meaning of Rule 144, when reselling their shares pursuant to Rule 144, shall be subject to the conditions set forth herein.
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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
Smaller reporting companies are not required to provide the information required by this item.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
There is no private ownership of land in China. All land is owned by the government of the PRC on behalf of all Chinese citizens or collectively owned by farmers. Land use rights can be allocated by the PRC State Land Administration Bureau or its authorized branches. Helpson was granted land use rights from the PRC government for approximately 22,936 square meters of land located on Plot C09-2 at Haikou Bonded Zone, Hainan Province, PRC in 2003. The land use rights will expire on September 10, 2063.
Helpson owns two production facilities in Haikou, Hainan Province, PRC, one of which has a construction area of 663.94 square meters located at the 6th floor of Standard Plant Building B, Jinpan Industrial Development Zone, and another factory, which is located on 168-18 Nanhai Avenue, Haikou, has a production area of 26,593.20 square meters. Helpson also has one new factory under construction, located on 168-18 Nanhai Avenue, Haikou, which has a production area of 20,282.42 square meters with a certificate number HK477872.
In addition, Helpson rented the offices located at the second floor of Jiahai Building owned by Hainan Zhongfu Going-abroad Personnel Service Center (the "Center") as its principal executive offices. The monthly rent was RMB 5,580 (approximately $843). The term of the lease was 3 years, from December 1, 2010 to November 30, 2013. On December 31, 2011, the lease was superseded by the new lease Helpson entered into with the Center. The new lease is for a term of nine years for the office spaces on the second floor and the entire third floor at a monthly rent of RMB 20,000 (approximately $2,941) with a 5% increment every two years from the fourth year until the end of the term. The aggregate spaces Helpson rented are 1,686 square meters, which is 16,812 square feet.
We believe that all our properties have been adequately maintained, are generally in good condition, and are suitable and adequate for our business. However, we are contemplating our need for expansion and additional space as the production increases.
Mortgaged Property
Helpson entered into a line of credit with Bank of China in October 2013, and renewed it in November 2014 and 2015, respectively. The line of credit is payable in two equal installments of RMB 15,000,000 ($2.31 million) payable on September 22, 2016 and October 20, 2016. In order to secure the line of credit, Helpson mortgaged its land use rights and buildings. To provide an additional security, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of our Board of Directors personally guaranteed the new line of credit.
Helpson obtained a loan in the amount of RMB80,000,000 (approximately $12.3 million as of December 31, 2015) from a construction loan facility dated June 21, 2013. The proceeds of the loan were used for and are collateralized by the construction of the Company's new production facility and the included production line equipment and machinery. Further to the Company's receipt of the ownership certificate over the new factory, management expects the mortgage is to be formally placed on the new facility in the second quarter of 2016 upon the completion of the mortgage procedure with Bank of China.
The loans referred to above are set forth in the table below:
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Loan Amount | Lending Institution | Contract Period | Interest Rate | Properties under Mortgage
RMB 30 million (approximately $4.62 million) | Bank of China | September 23, 2015 to October 20, 2016 | The interest rate is a variable rate equal to 110% of the floating base interest for loans of the same term promulgated by the PRC's central bank. | Helpson's land : 22,936 square meters (Certificate #: Guo Yong [2003] No. 005572) Helpson's buildings: 663.94 square meters (Certificate #: HK008109) and 6593.2 square meters (Certificate #: HK122889)
RMB 80 million (Approximately $12.3million) | Bank of China | July 11, 2013 to July 10, 2021 | The interest rate is 5.73%, based upon 110% of the PRC government's eight-year term rate effective on the actual draw-down date, subject to annual adjustments based on 110% of the floating rate for the same type of loan on the anniversary from the draw-down date and its subsequent anniversary dates. On July 10, 2015, the interest rate was adjusted to 5.94%. | Helpson's new factory: 20,282.42 square meters (Certificate #: HK477872) and the production line equipment and machinery in the new factory

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. However, we are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Market Information
Our shares began trading on the NYSE MKT (Formerly known as NYSE Amex) on September 30, 2009 under the symbol "CPHI". Prior to September 30, 2009, our shares traded on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol "CPHI.OB."
The following table, based upon Yahoo Finance, contains information about the range of high and low sales prices for our common stock for each full quarterly period during the fiscal years ending December 31, 2015 and 2014.

| High |  | Low |
Fiscal 2015 |  |  |  |
First Quarter |  | $ | 0.56 |  |  | $ | 0.27 |
Second Quarter |  |  | 0.44 |  |  |  | 0.27 |
Third Quarter |  |  | 0.36 |  |  |  | 0.16 |
Fourth Quarter |  |  | 0.30 |  |  |  | 0.15 |

Fiscal 2014 |  |  |  |  |  |
First Quarter |  | $ | 0.84 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |
Second Quarter |  |  | 0.52 |  |  |  | 0.32 |
Third Quarter |  |  | 0.39 |  |  |  | 0.22 |
Fourth Quarter |  |  | 0.53 |  |  |  | 0.21 |

Holders
As of March 23, 2016, there were approximately 137 shareholders of record of our common stock and an indeterminate number of beneficial holders who held our common stock in street name.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Securities Transfer Corporation, 2591 Dallas Parkway, Suite 102, Frisco, Texas 75034. Their telephone number is (469) 633-0101.
Dividend Policy
We have never paid or declared any dividend on our common stock and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result of our holding company structure, we would rely entirely on dividend payments from our subsidiaries, Onny Investment Ltd. and Hainan Helpson Medial & Biotechnology Co., Ltd., for our cash flow to pay dividends on our common stock. The PRC government imposes controls on the conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of the PRC, which also may affect our ability to pay cash dividends in the future.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

Equity Compensation Plan Information
Plan category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
| (a) | (b) | (c)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | - | - | -
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | - | - | 3,825,000
Totals | - | - | 3,825,000

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
As a "smaller reporting company" as defined in Item 10 of Regulation S-K, we are not required to provide the information required by this item.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The statements contained in this report with respect to our financial condition, results of operations and business that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as "anticipate", "believe", "expect", "plan", "intend", "seek", "estimate", "project", "could", "may" or the negative thereof or other variations thereon, or by discussions of strategy that involve risks and uncertainties. Management wishes to caution the readers of the forward-looking statements that any such statements that are contained in this report reflect our current beliefs with respect to future events and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including, but not limited to, economic, competitive, regulatory, technological, key employees, and general business factors affecting our operations, markets, growth, services, products, licenses and other factors, some of which are described in this report including in "Risk Factors" in Item 1A and some of which are discussed in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These forward-looking statements are only estimates or predictions. No assurances can be given regarding the achievement of future results, as actual results may differ materially as a result of risks facing our company, and actual events may differ from the assumptions underlying the statements that have been made regarding anticipated events.
These risk factors should be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue. All written and oral forward looking statements made in connection with this report that are attributable to our company or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. Given these uncertainties, we caution investors not to unduly rely on our forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any obligation to review or confirm analysts' expectations or estimates or to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by applicable law or regulation.
Business Overview & Recent Developments
The China Food and Drug Administration ("CFDA") promulgated Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products (2010 revised version) (the "New GMP Standards") on February 12, 2011, which became effective on March 1, 2011. The New GMP Standards outlines the basic principles and standards for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products and the management of quality controls in the manufacturing process in the PRC. Pursuant to those mandatory requirements, the upgrading of our two sterilization production lines was required to be completed by the end of 2013; and the upgrading of our oral solution production lines was required to be completed by the end of 2015. Per CFDA, there were over 7,000 Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises by the end of 2015. The competition in this industry is fierce. One of the key controls adopted by the CFDA to promote industry consolidation and improve the quality of drugs was to implement the New GMP Standards. Although 2015 was the deadline for new GMP upgrading, there were only approximately 1,200 pharmaceutical companies received the new GMP certificates by the end of 2014. The insiders believed that thousands of pharmaceutical companies might be forced to shut down or merge with other entities due to unfulfilled new GMP upgrading.
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Under this unfavorable economic environment, we aggressively promoted our sales efforts in 2015. Due to the fact that we only received new GMP certificate for the injectable production lines at our new manufacturing facility in November 2014, we missed drug biddings in several provinces prior to November 2014. Those missed biddings negatively impacted our market shares previously secured in those provinces, and dragged our sales in 2015. Nevertheless, we continued concentrating on enhancing our fundamentals. In January and December 2015, we completed the upgrading and received new GMP certificates for the tablet and capsule production lines, and cephalosporin production lines at our old factories, respectively. The upgrading of these oral solution production lines was completed before the deadline, which positioned us to better meet market demand.
In order to support our existing products package, we have remained focused on pipeline development. We have experienced delays in obtaining approval for the products in our pipeline due to revisions and enhancements in the approval criteria and processes issued by CFDA. These revisions result in additional supplemental materials and trials, higher cost, and longer approval time for certain applications. On March 5, 2016, the PRC State Council issued the "Opinions on Carrying out Consistency Evaluation on Quality and Efficacy of Generic Drugs" ( the "Opinions"). The Opinions require all chemical generic pipeline products to carry out Consistency Evaluation before final registration approval, which will further prolong the registration process.
The following is a list of the current status of our main pipeline products:

Ÿ | Antibiotic Combination - We are currently in Phase II of the clinical trial, due to the higher regulatory requests for clinical works.

Ÿ | Rosuvastatin - Rosuvastatin is a generic form of Crestor, a drug for the treatment of high blood cholesterol levels. Clinical trials for this generic drug were completed in the fourth quarter of 2010, and are supplementing Consistency Evaluation pursuant to the Opinions.

Ÿ | Heart Disease Drug - We developed an oral solution for the treatment of coronary heart disease in our new product pipeline. This product comes with a patented Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula. We have completed Phase III clinical trials and are currently collecting and summarizing trial data.

Ÿ | Alzheimer's disease drug - We developed a drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and are supplementing Consistency Evaluation pursuant to the Opinions.

Ÿ | Digestive Diseases drug - We developed two drugs for the treatment of digestive diseases and has applied to CFDA for Production Approval, currently waiting for CFDA Technical Review.

Ÿ | Antibiotic for Kids - We developed an oral solution antibiotic for the kids and are supplementing Consistency Evaluation pursuant to the Opinions.

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Market Trends
Pharmaceutical is one of the most stable industries for future growth. However, its growth rate has declined year by year recently due to certain negative impacts such as medical insurance cost control. According to the medicine research data firm Sinohealth CMH, the 2015 Chinese pharmaceutical market reached a scale of RMB1.38 trillion (in terms of retail pricing), which increased by 7.6% compared to prior year. The growth rate declined by 5.6% compared to prior year, and was a record low in a decade. National Bureau of Statistics data shows that the overall main business revenue of China's pharmaceutical industry was RMB2.55 trillion in 2015, increased by 9.1% compared to RMB 2.33 trillion in 2014. However, for 2015, the annual growth rate is 9.1%, declined by 3.8% compared to 12.9% in 2014.
In April 2015, the PRC State Council issued "Notice on Deepening Healthcare System Reform 2014 Summary and 2015 Key Tasks", which outlined the key tasks in 2015 as below:

(a) | deepen reform of public hospitals

(b) | establish and improve the universal health care system

(c) | encourage social source to develop healthcare business

(d) | improve the drug supply mechanism

(e) | improve the diagnosis and treatment hierarchy

(f) | deepen the comprehensive reform of basic level health care institutions

(g) | cooperate on all supplemental reform

2015 was a crucial year for deepening reform. The State Council reiterated to ensure basic healthcare supply, enhance basic level service, and establish a reasonable mechanism; make full use of government functions and market mechanisms to promote health care, medical insurance, and pharmaceutical industry integrated; constantly improve healthcare services level, accelerate the establishment of basic healthcare system, and strive to create universal health care in China.
We believe that Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises have the opportunity to enjoy a "golden decade" along with China's economic growth, consumption upgrade, aging population, healthcare reform progress, and urbanization; however, the challenges remain due to low industrial concentration, small company size (only 34 pharmaceutical companies realized annual sales over RMB 5 billion in 2014), unfulfilled financing leverage, industrial upgrading and M&A demands.
Results of Operations for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2015
China's healthcare reform was deepened in 2015. Under the industrial reform and modification background guided by the government policies, we actively completed the new GMP upgrading for the majority of our current production facility, and aggressively promoted our sales to regain our original market shares. Although there was no immediate reversal of sales trends in 2015 due to the special characteristics of pharmaceutical industry, we strongly believe that our current operations and financial position will allow us to have a foundation for steady business growth in the future.
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Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $15.4 million, compared to net loss of $39.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2015 was significantly less than that in 2014, which was mainly due to the decrease in bad debt expense.
Revenue
Revenue decreased by 8% to $20.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $22.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. This decrease was primarily due to the missed biddings in certain provinces back in 2014 despite our efforts in promoting sales to regain our market shares during 2015.
Set forth below are our revenues by product category in millions USD for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:

Product Category | Twelve Months Ended December 31 | Net Change | % Change
2015 | 2014
CNS Cerebral & Cardio Vascular | 3.11 | 3.78 | -0.67 | -18%
Anti-Viro/ Infection & Respiratory | 13.51 | 14.56 | -1.06 | -7%
Digestive Diseases | 0.76 | 1.25 | -0.49 | -39%
Other | 2.97 | 2.54 | 0.43 | 17%

The most significant revenue decrease in terms of dollar amount was in our "Anti-Viro/Infection & Respiratory" product category, which generated $13.5 million in sales revenue in 2015 compared to $14.6 million a year ago, a decrease of $1.1 million. This decrease was mainly due to the sales decrease of Cefaclor Dispersible Tables in this category, and was caused by market fluctuation.
Sales in the "CNS Cerebral & Cardio Vascular" category decreased by $0.7 million to $3.1 million in 2015 compared to $3.8 million in 2014, which was mainly due to the decrease in sales of Candesartan and Ozagrel, primarily affected by the volatility of market demand. Our "Digestive Diseases" category generated $0.8 million of sales in 2015, compared to $1.3 million in the previous year, a decrease of $0.5 million. Our "Other" product category sales increased by $0.4 million to $3.0 million in 2015 from $2.5 million in 2014.

Product Category | Twelve Months December 31
2015 | 2014
CNS Cerebral & Cardio Vascular | 15% | 17%
Anti-Viro/ Infection & Respiratory | 66% | 66%
Digestive Diseases | 4% | 6%
Other | 15% | 11%

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For the year ended December 31, 2015 revenue breakdown by product category remained close to that of the prior year. Sales of the "Anti-Viro& Respiratory" products category represented 66% of total sales in both the years ended on December 31, 2015 and 2014. The "CNS, Cerebral & Cardio Vascular" category represented 15% of total revenue in 2015 and 17% in 2014. The "Digestive Diseases" category represented 4% of total revenue in 2015 compared to 6% in 2014. The "Other" category represented 15% and 11% of revenues in 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Cost of Revenue
For the year ended December 31, 2015, our cost of revenue was $15.8 million, or 78% of total revenue, which represented a decrease of $1.4 million from $17.2 million, or 78% of total revenue, in 2014. The decrease in cost of revenue during 2014 was proportional to the revenue decrease.
Inventory Obsolescence
We have had decreases in the sales estimates between the time when raw materials were purchased and the time when the sales performance is realized for certain products. We have also assessed the market value of our raw materials. As a result, we determined that certain inventory was slow moving or obsolete. Based on the developed estimates as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we recognized an additional inventory obsolescence expense of $3.1 million and $2.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $1.5 million, compared to $2.7 million in 2014. Our gross profit margin in 2015 was 7.2% compared to 12.1% in 2014. Without the effect of inventory obsolescence, management estimates that our gross profit would have been approximately 22.5% in 2015 and 22.2% in 2014. The healthcare reform instituted by the Chinese government since 2009 contains pricing controls, which have resulted in margin compression in most pharmaceutical products on the market today, especially in the generic space where many of our products are sold. Going forward, we expect to see continued pricing pressures on most products, while new products could help support overall gross margin once they are launched.
Selling Expenses
Our selling expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015 were $4.3 million, an increase of $1.0 million, compared to $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase was mainly due to additional marketing, consulting and product promotional efforts in certain PRC provinces. Selling expenses accounted for 21.1% of the total revenue in 2015 compared to 15.1% in 2014. Due to many adjustments in our selling processes under healthcare reform policies, despite the decrease in sales, we still need additional personnel and expenses to support the sales and collection of accounts receivable.
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General and Administrative Expenses
Our general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015 were $1.9 million, remaining close to $1.7 million in 2014. General and administrative expenses accounted for 9.3% and 7.8% of our total revenues in 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Research and Development Expense
Our research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015 were $1.0 million, a decrease of $1.8 million from $2.8 million in 2014. Research and development expenses accounted for 4.7% and 12.6% of our total revenues in 2015 and 2014, respectively. The change in research and development expenses was mainly due to the costs related to testing of the new production lines in 2014. As a result, the expenses related to such activities was higher in 2014.
Bad Debt Expense
Our bad debt expense for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $10.1 million, a decrease of $21.2 million from $31.4 million in 2014. In the restatement of the annual report for the year ended December 31, 2014 (the "2014 Restatement"), we reviewed our policy for bad debt allowance for accounts receivable and therefore significantly increased the bad debt expense in 2014. During 2015, we also recognized bad debt expense of $4.2 million related to advances to suppliers based on an evaluation of the realizability of the payment.
In general, our normal credit or payment terms extended to customers are 90 days. This has not changed in recent years. Due to the peculiarity of the Chinese pharmaceutical market environment, deferred payments to pharmaceutical companies by state-owned hospitals and local medicine distributors are a normal phenomenon. Our customers are primarily pharmaceutical distributors who sell our products to mostly government-backed hospitals. Therefore, the aging of our receivables from our customers tend to be long. Although these customers typically pay after the due date of the receivables, since the majority of hospitals in China are backed by the governments, management believes that the deferred payments from state-owned hospitals are relatively secured.
The amount of accounts receivable that were past due (or the amount of accounts receivable that were more than 90 days old) was $5.6 million and $23.6 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The decreased was caused by the fact that we wrote off approximately $21.0 million of previously allowed for accounts receivable based on the evaluation of accounts receivable over two years old with very few subsequent transactions and for which our collection efforts were not successful.
The following table illustrates our accounts receivable aging distribution in terms of percentage of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:
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|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2015 |  | 2014
1 - 90 Days |  |  | 4.0% |  |  | 5.2%
90 - 180 Days |  |  | 2.2% |  |  | 4.5%
180 - 360 Days |  |  | 7.9% |  |  | 6.9%
360 - 720 Days |  |  | 14.6% |  |  | 29.7%
> 720 Days |  |  | 71.3% |  |  | 53.7%
Total |  |  | 100.0% |  |  | 100.0%

Our bad debt allowance estimate is currently the sum of 10% of accounts receivable that are less than 365 days old, 70% of accounts receivable that are between 365 days and 720 days old and 100% of accounts receivable that are greater than 720 days old.
We recognize bad debt expense per actual write-offs as well as the changes of allowance for doubtful accounts. To the extent that our current allowance for doubtful accounts is higher than that of the previous period, we recognize a bad debt expense for the difference during the current period, and when the current allowance is lower than that of the previous period, we recognize a bad debt benefit for the difference. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $28.6 million and $44.3 million as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

| For the Fiscal Years Ended |
| December 31, |
| 2015 |  | 2014 |
Balance, Beginning of Year |  | $ | 44,347,451 |  |  | $ | 13,301,622 |
Bad debt expense |  |  | 7,426,743 |  |  |  | 31,352,579 |
Charged to reserve | -21,307,666 |  |  |  | -531,598 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | -1,822,130 |  |  |  | 224,848 |
Balance, End of Year |  | $ | 28,644,398 |  |  | $ | 44,347,451 |

Loss from Natural Disaster
We suffered losses of $2,276,519 relating to a tropical typhoon during the twelve months ended December 31, 2014. There was no comparable expense in the twelve months ended December 31, 2015.
Loss from Operations
Our operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $14.3 million, compared to operating loss of $38.8 million in 2014.
Net Interest Expense
Net interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $1,1 million, compared to $0.7 million in 2014, an increase of $0.3 million. The increase is primarily due to the additional interest incurred in conjunction with the Construction loan facility as discussed in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements.
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Income Tax Expense
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, our income tax rate was 15%. Income tax expense was $0.06 million and $0.08 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. We renewed our "National High-Tech Enterprise" status from the PRC government in the third quarter of 2013. With this designation, for the years ending December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, we enjoy a preferential tax rate of 15% which is notably lower than the statutory income tax rate of 25%.
Net Loss
Net Loss for year ended December 31, 2015 was $15.4 million, compared to net loss of $39.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The decrease in net loss was mainly due to the decrease in bad debt expense.
For the year ended December 31, 2015, loss per basic and diluted common share was $(0.35), compared to loss per basic and diluted share of $(0.91) for the year ended December 31, 2014.
The number of basic and diluted weighted-average outstanding shares used to calculate loss per share was 43,579,557 for both 2015 and 2014.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash generated from operations and short-term bank loans. Our cash and cash equivalents was $6.2 million, which represents 6.4% of our total assets as of December 31, 2015, as compared to $5.3 million, which represents 4.4% of our total assets as of December 31, 2014. All of the $6.2 million of cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2015 is considered to be reinvested indefinitely in Helpson and is not expected to be available for payment of dividends, for other payments to our parent company or to its shareholders. As of December 31, 2015, we had a principal balance of $4.6 million in short-term bank loans. This loan is due on October 19, 2016. In addition, we entered into an eight-year construction loan facility with a bank on September 21, 2013. The total loan facility amount is RMB 80,000,000 (approximately $13 million), which had been fully utilized through May 7, 2014. The current portion of the construction loan facility is $1.5 million as of December 31, 2015. Both the short-term bank loan and the construction loan facility are from the same bank. The cash flow generated from operating activities was used to fund the remaining construction of our GMP upgrading project in our new facility.
Based on our current operating plan, management believes that our cash provided by operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital needs and our anticipated capital expenditures, including expenditures for new formula acquisitions and the remaining new GMP upgrading related construction and equipment in our prior facility for the next twelve months. However, if circumstances change and we do not meet our operating plan as expected, we may be required to seek additional capital and/or to reduce certain discretionary spending, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our business objectives. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we may seek additional financing as necessary for expansion purposes and when we believe market conditions are most advantageous, which may include debt and/or equity financing. There can be no assurance that any additional financing will be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
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Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $3.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $6.2 million for 2014.
As of December 31, 2015, our accounts receivable was $5.9 million, a decrease of $8.0 million from $13.9 million as of December 31, 2014. The decrease was mainly due to bad debt expense of $7.4 million. Our gross receivables and allowance reserve decreased due to the bad debt write-off of $21.3 million in 2015.
As of December 31, 2015, total inventory was $9.7 million, a decrease of $5.7 million from $15.3 million as of December 31, 2014. This decrease was mainly due to decreased purchases of raw materials and the increased inventory obsolescence recognized in 2015.
Investing Activities
During the year ended December 31, 2015, net cash used in investing activities was $1.9 million, a decrease of $5.5 million, compared to $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The investment spending in 2015 and 2014 was mainly for the new GMP upgrading related construction and equipment. However, the investment in 2015 was only for new GMP upgrading of several production lines in our old plant and was significantly lower compared to the investment in a new building construction and four new injectables production lines in 2014.
Financing Activities
Cash flow provided from financing activities was $0.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2014, while there was no comparable activity incurred in the year ended December 31, 2015. The financing activities that occurred in 2014 were primarily related to the construction loan facility described under the first paragraph under this section entitled "Liquidity and Capital Resources".
According to relevant PRC laws, companies registered in the PRC, including our PRC subsidiary, Helpson, are required to allocate at least ten percent (10%) of their after-tax net income, as determined under accounting standards and regulations in the PRC, to statutory surplus reserve accounts until the reserve account balances reach fifty percent (50%) of the companies' registered capital prior to their remittance of funds out of the PRC. Allocations to these reserves and funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferrable to the parent company in the form of loans, advances or cash dividends. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the net assets of Helpson were $68,240,000 and $87,832,000, respectively. Due to the restriction on dividend distribution to overseas shareholders, the amount of Helpson's net assets that were designated for general and statutory capital reserves, and thus could not be transferred to our parent company as cash dividends, were $8,145,000 and $8,145,000 (50% of registered capital) for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Since the amount that Helpson must set aside for the statutory surplus fund only accounts for 11.9% and 9.3%, respectively, of its total net assets, this reserve does not have a major impact on our liquidity. There were no allocations to the statutory surplus reserve accounts during the year ended December 31, 2015.
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The PRC government also imposes controls on the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of the PRC. Our businesses and assets are primarily denominated in RMB. All foreign exchange transactions take place either through the People's Bank of China or other banks authorized to buy and sell foreign currencies at the exchange rates quoted by the People's Bank of China. Approval of foreign currency payments by the People's Bank of China or other regulatory institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with applicable invoices and signed contracts. These currency exchange control procedures imposed by the PRC government authorities may restrict the ability of Helpson, our PRC subsidiary, to transfer its net assets to our parent company through loans, advances or cash dividends.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2015, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Commitments
As of December 31, 2015, we were obligated to pay laboratories and others approximately $4.8 million over approximately the next four years upon completion of the various phases of contracts to provide CFDA production approval of medical formulas.
Critical Accounting Policies
Management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles. Our financial statements reflect the selection and application of accounting policies which require management to make significant estimates and judgments. The discussion of our critical accounting policies contained in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements, "Organization and Significant Accounting Policies", is incorporated herein by reference.
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Smaller reporting companies are not required to provide the information required by this item.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Our consolidated balance sheets, as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, together with the related notes and the report of our independent registered public accounting firms, are set forth on the "F" pages of this report.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information that would be required to be disclosed in Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including to our Chief Executive Officer and interim Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and interim Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2015. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of December 31, 2015, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective to satisfy the objectives for which they are intended due to the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting discussed below.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, a company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by a company's board of directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of a company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of a company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of a company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of a company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
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Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations, including the possibility that a control can be circumvented or overridden and misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected in a timely manner. Also, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control will provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. In addition, the design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Therefore, any current evaluation of controls cannot and should not be projected to future periods.
Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of the year ended December 31, 2015. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth in 2013 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the report entitled "Internal Control-Integrated Framework." The 2013 COSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company's internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) control activities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring.
Based on management's assessment using the COSO criteria, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2015 to allow our management, employees and consultants, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent or detect misstatements on a timely and reasonable basis and to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP").
A material weakness is a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected. Our Chief Executive Officer and interim Chief Financial Officer has determined there existed a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 with respect to (1) management process to develop the estimate for inventory obsolescence; and (2) classification and reporting for advances to suppliers and advances for purchases of intangible assets. The material weaknesses occurred as a result of lack of accounting financial reporting personnel knowledgeable in U. S. GAAP. As of the date of this report, we are undertaking steps to correct the aforementioned material weaknesses by obtaining education and training for our personnel regarding the proper accounting under U.S. GAAP and reviewing the processes to correct the identified weaknesses. Notwithstanding these material weaknesses, management has concluded that our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report are fairly stated in all material respects in accordance with U.S. GAAP for each period presented herein.
Because we are a smaller reporting company, this Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting.
Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
General
Listed below are the names and ages of all our directors and executive officers at March 23, 2016 along with their positions, offices and term:

Name | Age | Position
Zhilin Li | 62 | Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer and interim Chief Financial Officer
Heung Mei Tsui | 58 | Director
Gene Michael Bennett | 68 | Independent Director
Yingwen Zhang | 70 | Independent Director
Baowen Dong | 74 | Independent Director

All of our independent directors hold offices until our next annual meeting of the stockholders, at which a successor will be duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation, removal from office, death or incapacity. Non-independent directors will hold office for a term of three (3) years or when their respective successors shall have been elected and shall qualify, or upon their prior death, resignation or removal. Directors may be re-elected for successive terms. Officers serve at the discretion of the board of directors.
The following sets forth biographical information regarding the above directors and executive officers.
Zhilin Li is the Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer and interim Chief Financial Officer of our company. She has served as a director since 2006 and as the President and Chief Executive Officer since 2005. She was a founder of Helpson, and served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Helpson from 1993 to 2005. Ms. Li was formerly the president of Haikou Bio-Engineering Institute as well as the vice president of Sichuan Institute of Biology. She graduated from Sichuan University with a degree in biology. Her role as one of the founders of our company and her extensive experience in bio-engineering make her well suited to serve as our Chairman.
Heung Mei Tsui has served as a director since April 28, 2009. Previously, Ms. Tsui served as a member of our board from October 2005 to February 2008. Ms. Tsui has been a self-employed businesswoman engaged in strategic investments and was previously engaged in the pharmaceutical chemical raw material import/export business. Ms. Tsui graduated from Hunan Financial & Economic College in 1982. Her experience in the trading side of the business affords her unique insights into the pharmaceutical industry, and her presence on our board of directors benefits the company greatly in the areas of strategic planning and execution.
Gene Michael Bennett has served as our independent director since February 2008. From 2013 through the present, Mr. Bennett has served as part-time CFO for Kang Jia Fu, Royal Traditional Health Investment Management Co. Ltd , located in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China and advisor to Swiss Capital Asia, located in Hong Kong. From 2009 through 2013, Mr. Bennett served as the CEO of the American General Business Association, located in Beijing, China. Mr. Bennett was a partner of Nexis Investment Consulting Corporation based in Beijing from 2004-2009. He acted as a partner of ProCFO Company based in California which provided contract chief financial officer service for firms during 2000-2004. During 1998-2000, he was a basic law, accounting and tax professor at University of Hawaii, and an accounting, tax and audit professor at Chaminade University of Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. In addition, he previously served as the chief financial officer and member of the board of directors of Argonaut Computers in Southern California. Mr. Bennett worked as an accounting and audit professor at Chapman University and an accounting, tax, and audit professor at California State University at Fullerton. He also acted as the chief financial officer and a board member of the National Automobile Club. Mr. Bennett graduated from Michigan State University with an MBA in Finance and BA in Accounting. He obtained his CPA license from the State of Colorado, which is currently inactive. Mr. Bennett's extensive background in accounting, financial management and reporting, including SEC related reporting qualifies him to serve as an independent director of our company and the chairman of our audit committee.
Yingwen Zhang has served as our independent director since February 2008. He also currently serves as the Vice-Chairman of the Board of Shanghai Reseat Medical Tech Co. Ltd., a medical device producer, and a director and a member of the compensation committee of Chongqing Wanli Battery Holdings (Group) LLC (SHA:600847). He acted as Senior Consultant and Chairman of Safety Production Committee of Sinofert Holdings Limited (HKG: 0297) of SINOCHEM Group from October 2005 to June 2009. Additionally, Mr. Zhang was appointed as the Commercial Counselor of the China Embassy in Malaysia from March 2000 through October 2005. Prior to that, from 1988 to 2000, Mr. Zhang was appointed as the Director-General to Sichuan Provincial Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Bureau (the Commercial Bureau of Sichuan Province, China). In his early career he was a chemical engineer, and then became a senior manager for several chemical corporations in China. From 1983 to 1988, Mr. Zhang served as the Chief Executive Officer of a large nature gas-chemical state owned enterprise (SOE) in the PRC affiliated with the SINOPEC Group. Mr. Zhang graduated from the Chemical Engineering Department of Tianjin University in 1967. Mr. Zhang's extensive knowledge in areas of government regulation and policies, his experience as director of a China listed company, as well as his vast experience in senior management in SOE and the private sector, qualify him as an independent director of our company.
56

Baowen Dong has served as our independent director since February 2008. Mr. Dong participated on the expert team of the Sichuan University from 2003 to 2008, doing teaching evaluation and assessment work in Engineering and Medical Science faculty. In the past few years, Mr. Dong has focused on the research of China's Health Care Reform. Previously, he concentrated on biomedical and medical information researches. Mr. Dong has had different roles in areas of teaching and research, including a dean and a professor, at Sichuan University from 1974 to 2001. Additionally, Mr. Dong was engaged in the field of communication technology from 1966 to 1974. Mr. Dong graduated from Xi'an University of Science and Technology in 1966. His strong academic background in science and research brings value to our company in respect of research and development and qualifies him to serve as a director of our company.
Family Relationships
There are no family relationships among our directors or executive officers.
Director or Officer Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
To our knowledge, our directors and executive officers were not involved in any legal proceedings as described in Item 401(f) of Regulation S-K in the past ten years.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires our directors, executive officers and persons who own more than 10% a registered class of our equity securities ("Reporting Persons"), to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership on Forms 3, 4 and 5 with the SEC. The Reporting Persons are also required by SEC rules to furnish us with copies of Section 16(a) forms they file. Based upon a review of the filings made on their behalf during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, as well as an examination of the SEC's EDGAR system Form 3, 4, and 5 filings (including amendments to such forms) and our records, we believe that, during the year ended December 31, 2015, the Reporting Persons met all applicable Section 16(a) filing requirements.
Code of Ethics
On July 8, 2008, we adopted a code of business conduct and ethics for all directors and employees (including officers) within the meaning of the regulations adopted by the SEC under Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The code has been designed to deter wrongdoing and promote (i) honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships, (ii) full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that we file with, or submit to, the SEC and in other public communications made by us, (iii) compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations, (iv) the prompt internal reporting of violations of the code to an appropriate person or persons, and (v) accountability for adherence to the code. The application of the code to the persons it applies to may only be waived by our Board of Directors in accordance with SEC regulations and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. A copy of the code is available on our website at www.chinapharmaholdings.com or may be obtained by sending a written request to our corporate secretary at China Pharma Holdings, Inc., Second Floor, No. 17, Jinpan Road, Haikou, Hainan Province, China 570216.
Audit Committee
On February 1, 2008, we established an audit committee, which currently consists of our three independent directors: Gene Michael Bennett, Yingwen Zhang and Baowen Dong. Mr. Bennett, the Chairman of the Audit Committee, is an "audit committee financial expert" as defined in Item 401(d)(5) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act. The audit committee carries out its responsibilities in accordance with the terms of its Audit Committee Charter, a copy of which attached as Exhibit 99.1 to our Current Report on Form 10-K filed on March 17, 2009 and available on our website at www.chinapharmaholdings.com.
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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Summary of Executive Compensation
The following table sets forth information concerning all cash and non-cash compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our principal executive officer and principal financial officer during the last two fiscal years in all capacities to our Company and our subsidiaries. No other executive officer received compensation in excess of $100,000 during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
Name and principal position | Year Ended | Salary ($) | Bonus ($) | Stock Awards ($) | Option Awards ($) | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) | Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) | All Other Compensation ($) | Total ($)
Zhilin Li Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, President and interim Chief Financial Officer | 2015 2014 | 225,600 225,600 | - | - | - | - | - | 16,000 16,000 | 241,600 241,600

Employment Agreements
Zhilin Li. Hainan Helpson Medical & Biotechnology Co., Ltd., our wholly-owned subsidiary and operating entity in the PRC ("Helpson"), entered into an employment agreement with Ms. Zhilin Li, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, which will expire on June 30, 2020. Upon the expiration of the original agreement, Helpson renewed the agreement with Ms. Li on the same terms as the original agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the new employment agreement, Ms. Li agreed to continue to serve as Helpson's Chief Executive Officer for a term of five years at an annual salary of RMB800,000. Helpson may adjust Ms. Li's compensation based upon her production and operating achievement and her technical ability and working performance. Ms. Li's total annual cash compensation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, when aggregated with her compensation from our U.S. holding company level, was $225,600.
Payments upon Termination or Change-in-Control
PRC Law. Under the applicable laws of the PRC, we must pay severance to all employees who are Chinese nationals and who are terminated with or without cause, or whose employment agreement with us expires and we choose not to continue their employment. The severance benefit required to be paid under the laws of the PRC equals the average monthly compensation paid to the terminated employee (including any bonuses or other payments made in the 12 months prior to the employee's termination) multiplied by the number of years the employee has been employed with us, plus an additional month's salary if 30 days' prior notice of such termination has not been given. However, if the average monthly compensation to be received by the terminated employee exceeds three times the average monthly salary of the employee's local area, as determined and published by the local government, such average monthly compensation shall be capped at three times the average monthly salary of the employee's local area. Except as described above, our executive officer does not have any other agreement or arrangement under she may be entitled to severance payments upon termination of employment.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
None.
Discussion of Summary Compensation and Grants of Plan-based Awards Tables
A summary of certain material terms of our existing compensation plans and arrangements is set forth below.
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On November 12, 2010, our Board of Directors adopted, and on December 22, 2010 our stockholders approved the 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2010 Incentive Plan"), which gave us the ability to grant stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights and performance units to employees, directors and consultants, or those who will become employees, directors and consultants of our company and/or our subsidiaries. The 2010 Incentive Plan currently allows for equity awards of up to 4,000,000 shares of common stock. As of March 23, 2016, 175,000 shares of restricted stock outstanding, and no options were outstanding.
Director Compensation
The following table sets forth information concerning cash and non-cash compensation earned by or paid to our directors during the year ended December 31, 2015.

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Name | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) | Stock Awards ($) | Option Awards ($) | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) | Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) | All Other Compensation ($) | Total ($)
Heung Mei Tsui | 16,000 | - | - | - | - | - | 16,000
Gene Michael Bennett | 16,000 | - | - | - | - | - | 16,000
Yingwen Zhang | 6,433 | - | - | - | - | - | 6,511
Baowen Dong | 6,433 | - | - | - | - | - | 6,511

Our directors will also be reimbursed for all of their out-of-pocket expenses in traveling to and attending meetings of our Board of Directors and committees on which they serve.
Ms. Zhilin Li, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, was also compensated for serving on our board of directors as set forth in the Summary Compensation Table appearing earlier in this Item 11.
Engagement Letters
On December 9, 2015, we renewed the engagement letters with each of our three independent directors. Pursuant to the renewed engagement letters on the same terms and conditions as the previous engagement, each of Mr. Zhang and Mr. Dong is entitled to receive annual compensation of RMB40,000 (approximately $6,511), payable quarterly and Mr. Bennett is entitled to receive annual compensation of $16,000, payable quarterly, and a warrant to purchase 5,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.38 per share. As of the date of this report, no warrants have been issued to Mr. Bennett.
On December 9, 2015, we also entered into a renewal engagement letter with Ms. Tsui, pursuant to which, Ms. Tsui is entitled to annual compensation of $16,000 for serving as our director for a term of three years.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS
The following table sets forth certain information as of March 23, 2016 with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock, the sole outstanding class of our voting securities, by (i) any person or group owning more than 5% of each class of voting securities, (ii) each director, (iii) each executive officer and (iv) all executive officers and directors as a group.
As of March 23, 2016, an aggregate of 43,579,557 shares of our common stock were outstanding.
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Name and Address of Beneficial Owners(1)(2) |  | Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership |  |  | Percent of Class(3) |
Directors and Executive Officers |  |  |  |  |  |
Zhilin Li President, Chief Executive Officer, Interim Chief Financial Officer and Chairman of the Board |  | 10,050,000 |  |  | 23.1% |
Heung Mei Tsui Director |  | 9,312,651 |  |  | 21.4% |
Yingwen Zhang Director |  | 0 |  |  | * |
Gene Michael Bennett (4) Director |  | 0 |  |  | * |
Baowen Dong Director |  | 0 |  |  | * |
All directors and executive officers as a group (5 persons) |  | 19,362,651 |  |  | 44.5% |
Greater than 5% Stockholders |  |  |  |  |  |
Jian Yang |  | 2,278,815 |  |  | 5.2% |
| __________________
* | Represents less than 1%.

(1) | Pursuant to Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, a person has beneficial ownership of any securities as to which such person, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, undertaking, relationship or otherwise has or shares voting power and/or investment power or as to which such person has the right to acquire such voting and/or investment power within 60 days.

(2) | Unless otherwise stated, each beneficial owner has sole power to vote and dispose of the shares and the address of such person is c/o China Pharma Holdings, Inc., 2nd Floor, No. 17 Jinpan Road, Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China 570216.

(3) | In determining the percentage of common stock owned by the beneficial owners, (a) the numerator is the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by such owner, including shares the owner may acquire, within 60 days of March 19, 2015 upon the exercise of the options or warrants, if any, held by the owner; and (b) the denominator is the sum of (i) the total 43,579,557 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 19, 2015, and (ii) the number of shares underlying any options or warrants, which such owner has the right to acquire upon the exercise of such options or warrants within 60 days of March 19, 2015 (for those who have options or warrants).

(4) | Pursuant to the terms of his engagement letters, Mr. Bennett is entitled to receive warrants to purchase an aggregate of 10,000 shares of our common stock (5,000 shares in each of the 2012 and 2013 fiscal years). As of the date of this report such warrants have not been issued.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.
Related Party Transactions
Mr. Tsui, one of our directors, has made various loans to the Company. The balance of such loans from Mr. Tsui remained $1,354,567 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. The loans bear interest at a rate of 1% per annum and principle and interest were payable by December 31, 2016, pursuant to a loans extension confirmation letter executed by the Company and Ms. Tsui. We recognized interest expense of $13,546 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
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Independence of the Board of Directors
The board of directors has determined that Messrs. Gene Michael Bennett, Baowen Dong and Yingwen Zhang are "independent directors" as defined in the listing standards of NYSE MKT.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Audit Fees
The aggregate fees billed by Arshak Davtyan, Inc., our current principal accountant, for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements included in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, for the reviews of the financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and for services in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements were approximately $97,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.
The aggregate fees billed by Arshak Davtyan, Inc., our current principal accountant, for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements included in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, for the reviews of the financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and for services in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements were approximately $94,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014.
Audit-Related Fees
We did not incur any audit-related fees during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.
Tax Fees
We did not engage our current principal accountant or our former principal accountant to render tax services to us during the last two fiscal years.
All Other Fees
We did not engage our current principal accountant or our former principal accountant to render services to us during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, all audit and non-audit services performed by our auditors must be approved in advance by our Audit Committee to assure that such services do not impair the auditors' independence from us. In accordance with its policies and procedures, the Audit Committee pre-approved the audit service performed by Arshak Davtyan, Inc., for our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015.
61

PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this report:
Financial Statements
The following financial statements of China Pharma Holdings, Inc. and Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms are presented in the "F" pages of this report:

Report of Arshak Davtyan, Inc., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |  |  |  |
Consolidated Balance Sheets - as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 |  |  |  |
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 |  |  |  |
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 |  |  |  |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 |  |  |  |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |  |  |  |

(b) Exhibits
See the Exhibit Index following the signature page of this report, which Index is incorporated herein by reference.
62

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: March 30, 2016 | CHINA PHARMA HOLDINGS, INC.
| By: /s/ Zhilin Li
| Name: Zhilin Li
| Title: Chief Executive Officer
| (principal executive officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature | Title | Date
/s/ Zhilin Li Zhilin Li | Chairman of the Board, President, Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and interim Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) | March 30, 2016
/s/ Heung Mei Tsui Heung Mei Tsui | Director | March 30, 2016
/s/ Gene Michael Bennett Gene Michael Bennett | Director | March 30, 2016
/s/ Yingwen Zhang Yingwen Zhang | Director | March 30, 2016
/s/ Baowen Dong Baowen Dong | Director | March 30, 2016

63

CHINA PHARMA HOLDINGS, INC.
Exhibit Index to Annual Report on Form 10-K
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2015

Exhibit No. | Description
3.1 | Articles of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 31, 2012).
3.2 | Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 31, 2012).
10.1* | Engagement Letter dated December 9, 2015 by and between the Company and Ms. Heung Mei Tsui for Ms. Tsui serving as a director of the Company.
10.2* | Engagement Letter dated December 9, 2015 by and between the Company and Ms. Zhilin Li for Ms. Li serving as a director of the Company.
10.3 | Form of Independent Director Engagement Letter (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 30, 2015).
10.4* | Employment Agreement dated July 1, 2015 between Hainan Helpson Medical & Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and Zhilin Li.
10.5* | Loans Extension Confirmation Letter between the Company and Heung Mei Tsui confirming the extension of the loans.
10.6 | 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan of the Company (incorporated by reference to the Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on November 12, 2010).
10.7 | Form of Restricted Stock Grant Agreement between the Company and the grantees under 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan of the Company (incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 1, 2011).
10.8 | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Grant Agreement between the Company and the grantees under 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan of the Company (incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 1, 2011).
14.1 | Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on July 11, 2008).
21.1 | Subsidiaries of the Company (incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 3, 2011).

31.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act. |
31.2* | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act. |
32.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101* | Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T |

· | Exhibits filed herewith.

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CHINA PHARMA HOLDINGS, INC.
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

|  |  | Page |
Report of Arshak Davtyan, Inc., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |  |  | F-2 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets - as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 |  |  | F-3 |
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 |  |  | F-4 |
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 |  |  | F-5 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 |  |  | F-6 |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |  |  | F-7 |

65

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and the Stockholders
China Pharma Holdings, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of China Pharma Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the years then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of China Pharma Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ ARSHAK DAVTYAN, INC.
ARSHAK DAVTYAN, INC.
Salt Lake City, Utah
March 30, 2016
F - 2

CHINA PHARMA HOLDINGS, INC. |
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS |
|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 6,248,760 |  |  | $ | 5,295,790 |
Banker's acceptances |  |  | - |  |  |  | 458,233 |
Trade accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
accounts of $28,644,398 and $44,347,451, respectively |  |  | 5,882,509 |  |  |  | 13,853,744 |
Other receivables, less allowance for doubtful |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
accounts of $74,400 and $43,064, respectively |  |  | 290,739 |  |  |  | 272,199 |
Advances to suppliers |  |  | 2,533,354 |  |  |  | 6,307,190 |
Inventory, less allowance for obsolescence |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
of $8,417,095 and $6,934,044, respectively |  |  | 9,662,750 |  |  |  | 15,321,856 |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 339,140 |  |  |  | 404,370 |
Total Current Assets |  |  | 24,957,252 |  |  |  | 41,913,382 |
Advances for purchases of intangible assets |  |  | 42,030,649 |  |  |  | 43,972,005 |
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
$9,442,912 and $6,640,718, respectively |  |  | 29,393,257 |  |  |  | 33,881,878 |
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
$4,360,004 and $4,182,273, respectively |  |  | 841,075 |  |  |  | 1,317,221 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  | $ | 97,222,233 |  |  | $ | 121,084,486 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade accounts payable |  | $ | 2,824,521 |  |  | $ | 2,550,816 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 143,409 |  |  |  | 269,870 |
Other payables |  |  | 1,710,283 |  |  |  | 1,401,470 |
Advances from customers |  |  | 595,681 |  |  |  | 2,078,866 |
Other payables - related parties |  |  | 1,354,567 |  |  |  | 1,354,567 |
Current portion of construction loan facility |  |  | 1,540,666 |  |  |  | 1,629,062 |
Short-term notes payable |  |  | 4,621,998 |  |  |  | 4,887,187 |
Total Current Liabilities |  |  | 12,791,125 |  |  |  | 14,171,838 |
Non-current Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction loan facility |  |  | 10,784,661 |  |  |  | 11,403,438 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 708,408 |  |  |  | 2,516,383 |
Long-term deferred tax liability |  |  | 296,890 |  |  |  | 252,707 |
Total Liabilities |  |  | 24,581,084 |  |  |  | 28,344,366 |
Stockholders' Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
no shares issued or outstanding |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 95,000,000 shares authorized; |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
43,579,557 shares and 43,579,557 shares outstanding, respectively |  |  | 43,580 |  |  |  | 43,580 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 23,590,204 |  |  |  | 23,590,204 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 33,939,998 |  |  |  | 49,345,516 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | 15,067,367 |  |  |  | 19,760,820 |
Total Stockholders' Equity |  |  | 72,641,149 |  |  |  | 92,740,120 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  | $ | 97,222,233 |  |  | $ | 121,084,486 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F - 3

CHINA PHARMA HOLDINGS, INC. |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS |
AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS |
|  | For the Year |
|  | Ended December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Revenue |  | $ | 20,351,630 |  |  | $ | 22,133,866 |
Cost of revenue |  |  | 15,778,243 |  |  |  | 17,215,576 |
Inventory obsolescence |  |  | 3,108,826 |  |  |  | 2,250,130 |
Gross profit |  |  | 1,464,561 |  |  |  | 2,668,160 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling expenses |  |  | 4,294,639 |  |  |  | 3,346,511 |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | 1,896,559 |  |  |  | 1,716,760 |
Research and development expenses |  |  | 961,897 |  |  |  | 2,798,557 |
Bad debt expense |  |  | 10,147,293 |  |  |  | 31,352,579 |
Impairment of intangible assets |  |  | 104,544 |  |  |  | - |
Losses from natural disaster |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,276,519 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 17,404,932 |  |  |  | 41,490,926 |
Subsidy income |  |  | 1,640,531 |  |  |  | 65,113 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (14,299,840 | ) |  |  | (38,757,653 | )
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  | 119,925 |  |  |  | 69,739 |
Interest expense |  |  | (1,165,164 | ) |  |  | (785,804 | )
Net other expense |  |  | (1,045,239 | ) |  |  | (716,065 | )
Loss before income taxes |  |  | (15,345,079 | ) |  |  | (39,473,718 | )
Income tax expense |  |  | (60,439 | ) |  |  | (77,042 | )
Net loss |  |  | (15,405,518 | ) |  |  | (39,550,760 | )
Other comprehensive loss - foreign currency |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
translation adjustment |  |  | (4,693,453 | ) |  |  | (653,561 | )
Comprehensive loss |  | $ | (20,098,971 | ) |  | $ | (40,204,321 | )
Loss per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (0.35 | ) |  | $ | (0.91 | )
Diluted |  | $ | (0.35 | ) |  | $ | (0.91 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F - 4

CHINA PHARMA HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Paid-in |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  | Stockholders' |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Income |  |  | Equity |
Balance, December 31, 2013 |  |  | 43,579,557 |  |  |  | 43,580 |  |  |  | 23,590,204 |  |  |  | 88,896,276 |  |  |  | 20,414,381 |  |  |  | 132,944,441 |
Net loss for the year |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (39,550,760 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (39,550,760 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (653,561 | ) |  |  | (653,561 | )
Balance, December 31, 2014 |  |  | 43,579,557 |  |  | $ | 43,580 |  |  | $ | 23,590,204 |  |  | $ | 49,345,516 |  |  | $ | 19,760,820 |  |  | $ | 92,740,120 |
Net loss for the year |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | (15,405,518 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (15,405,518 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | (4,693,453 | ) |  |  | (4,693,453 | )
Balance, December 31, 2015 |  |  | 43,579,557 |  |  | $ | 43,580 |  |  | $ | 23,590,204 |  |  | $ | 33,939,998 |  |  | $ | 15,067,367 |  |  | $ | 72,641,149 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F - 5

CHINA PHARMA HOLDINGS, INC. |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS |
|  | For the Year |
|  | Ended December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (15,405,518 | ) |  | $ | (39,550,760 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 3,598,527 |  |  |  | 1,785,835 |
Bad debt expense |  |  | 10,147,293 |  |  |  | 31,352,579 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 60,439 |  |  |  | 77,042 |
Inventory obsolescence reserve |  |  | 1,941,007 |  |  |  | (1,055,529 | )
Impairment of intangible assets |  |  | 104,544 |  |  |  | - |
Deferred revenue |  |  | (1,744,873 | ) |  |  | 2,514,457 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade accounts and other receivables |  |  | (5,067,476 | ) |  |  | (3,163,945 | )
Advances to suppliers |  |  | 5,144,100 |  |  |  | 1,283,631 |
Inventory |  |  | 5,157,861 |  |  |  | 12,780,457 |
Trade accounts payable |  |  | 601,470 |  |  |  | 634,673 |
Accrued taxes payable |  |  | 34,802 |  |  |  | 84 |
Other payables and accrued expenses |  |  | 163,289 |  |  |  | 37,584 |
Advances from customers |  |  | (1,430,595 | ) |  |  | (139,066 | )
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 45,190 |  |  |  | (404,060 | )
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities |  |  | 3,350,060 |  |  |  | 6,152,982 |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advances for purchases of intangible assets |  |  | (1,634,097 | ) |  |  | (2,295,307 | )
Bankers acceptances redeemed for cash |  |  | 423,693 |  |  |  | - |
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (685,302 | ) |  |  | (5,128,699 | )
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities |  |  | (1,895,706 | ) |  |  | (7,424,006 | )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from construction term loan |  |  | - |  |  |  | 605,002 |
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activity |  |  | - |  |  |  | 605,002 |
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash |  |  | (501,384 | ) |  |  | (31,327 | )
Net (Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents |  |  | 952,970 |  |  |  | (697,349 | )
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period |  |  | 5,295,790 |  |  |  | 5,993,139 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period |  | $ | 6,248,760 |  |  | $ | 5,295,790 |
Supplemental Cash Flow Information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 1,151,613 |  |  | $ | 1,230,800 |
Supplemental Noncash Investing and Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable for purchases of property and equipment |  | $ | 171,245 |  |  | $ | 46,780 |
Accounts receivable collected with banker's acceptances |  |  | 2,422,137 |  |  |  | 2,777,579 |
Inventory purchased with banker's acceptances |  |  | 2,059,028 |  |  |  | 2,489,698 |
Advances for purchases of intangibles paid with banker's acceptances |  |  | 391,826 |  |  |  | 164,208 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F - 6

CHINA PHARM HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014
NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization and Nature of Operations – China Pharma Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation, owns 100% of Onny Investment Limited (Onny), a British Virgin Islands corporation, which owns 100% of Hainan Helpson Medical & Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Helpson), a company organized under the laws of the People's Republic of China (the PRC). China Pharma Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries are referred to herein as the Company.
On December 31, 2012, China Pharma Holdings, Inc consummated a reincorporation merger for the purpose of changing its state of incorporation from Delaware to Nevada pursuant to the terms and conditions of an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated December 27, 2012. The reincorporation merger was approved by stockholders holding the majority of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock on December 21, 2012.
The Foreign Investment Industrial Catalogue (the "Catalogue") jointly issued by China's Ministry of Commerce and the National Development and Reform Commission (the latest version is the 2012 version, effective January 30, 2012) classified various industries/businesses into three different categories: (i) encouraged for foreign investment; (ii) restricted to foreign investment; and (iii) prohibited from foreign investment. For any industry/business not covered by any of these three categories, they will be deemed industries/businesses permitted for foreign investment. A typical foreign investment ownership restriction in the pharmaceutical industry is that a foreign investment enterprise (the "FIE") shall not have the whole or majority of its equity interests owned by a foreign owner if the FIE establishes more than 30 branch stores and distributes a variety of brands in those franchise stores, which is not the case for the Company's business.
Helpson manufactures and markets generic and branded pharmaceutical products as well as biochemical products primarily to hospitals and private retailers located throughout the PRC. The Company believes Helpson's business is not subject to any ownership restrictions prescribed under the Catalogue. Onny acquired 100% of the ownership in Helpson on May 25, 2005 by entering into an Equity Transfer Agreement with Helpson's three former shareholders. The transaction was approved by the Commercial Bureau of Hainan Province on June 12, 2005 and Helpson received the Certificate of Approval for Establishing of Enterprises with Foreign Investment in the PRC on the same day and its business license evidencing its WFOE (Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise) status on June 21, 2005.
The Company has acquired and continues to acquire well-accepted medical formulas to add to its diverse portfolio of Western and Chinese medicines.
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation – The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and are expressed in United States dollars. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation.
Helpson's functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi. Helpson's revenue and expenses are translated into United States dollars at the average exchange rate for the period. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate as of the end of the reporting period. Gains or losses from translating Helpson's financial statements are included in accumulated other comprehensive income, which is a component of stockholders' equity. Gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity that is party to the transaction are included in the results of operations.
Reclassification – Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. See Note 5 for advances for purchases of intangible assets classified in advances to suppliers in 2014.
Accounting Estimates - The methodology used to prepare for the Company's financial statements is in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which requires the management of the Company ("Management") to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Therefore, actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents include interest bearing and non-interest bearing bank deposits, money market accounts, and short-term banker's acceptances purchased with maturities of three months or less.
Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts – Trade accounts receivables are carried at the original invoiced amounts less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowances for doubtful accounts are calculated based on a detailed review of certain individual customer accounts and an estimation of the overall economic conditions affecting the Company's customer base. The Company reviews a customer's credit history before extending credit to the customer. If the financial condition of its customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additions to the allowance would be required. A provision is made against accounts receivable to the extent they are considered unlikely to be collected. Charges to bad debt expense totaled $5,995,315 and $31,351,579 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Trade accounts receivable that have been fully allowed for and determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance in the period the determination is made. The Company charged off uncollectable trade accounts receivable balances in the amount of $20.4 million and $0 against the allowance for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. It is common practice in the PRC for receivables to extend beyond one year. Customer balances outstanding for more than one year are allowed for at a greater rate when calculating the allowance for doubtful accounts. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had trade accounts receivable amounting to $29,668,668 from sales that occurred more than one year from that date, which the Company believes are collectable.
F - 7

CHINA PHARM HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014
During 2014, the Company offered two of its largest customers a discount of 30% for payments for accounts receivable that were older than one year. The amount of the outstanding accounts receivable balance the discount was applied to was approximately $1.8 million. As a result, the Company recognized bad debt expense of approximately $0.53 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. There were no such discounts offered during 2015.
Advances to Suppliers and Advances from Customers – Common practice in the PRC is to make advances to suppliers for materials and to receive advances from customers for finished products. Advances to suppliers are applied to trade accounts payable when the materials are received. Advances received from customers are applied against trade accounts receivable when finished products are sold. The Company reviews a supplier's credit history and background information before advancing a payment. If the financial condition of its suppliers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to deliver goods or provide services, the Company would recognize bad debt expense in the period they are considered unlikely to be collected. The Company recognized bad debt expense of approximately $4.3 million and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Inventory – Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, computed on an average cost basis. We charge inventory obsolescence expense for inventory allowance to write down our inventory to the lower of cost or estimated market value or to completely write off obsolete or excess inventory. Charges to inventory obsolescence expense totaled $3,108,826 and $2,250,130 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company recognized an inventory obsolescence allowance of $8,417,095 and $6,934,044 as of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets – The carrying values of long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable. When such an event occurs, the Company projects the undiscounted cash flows to be generated from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition over the remaining life of the asset. If projections indicate that the carrying value of an asset will not be recovered, it is reduced by the estimated excess of the carrying value over the projected discounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the asset. For the year ended December 31, 2015 the Company evaluated its long-lived assets and determined that an impairment adjustment of $104,544 related to certain intangible assets was necessary. There was no impairment adjustment required for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Property and Equipment – Property and equipment are stated at cost. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expenses as incurred and major improvements are capitalized. Gains or losses on sale, trade-in or retirement are included in operations during the period of disposition.
Revenue Recognition – Revenue is considered earned when the Company obtains persuasive evidence of an arrangement with the customer, when delivery of the products has occurred, when the sales price is fixed or determinable, and when collectability is reasonably assured. Delivery does not occur until products have been shipped to the customer, the risk of loss has transferred to the customer and customer acceptance has been obtained, customer acceptance provisions have lapsed, or the Company obtains objective evidence that the criteria specified in the customer acceptance provisions have been satisfied. The sales price is not considered to be fixed or determinable until all contingencies related to the sale have been resolved. Revenue is deferred when collectability is not considered to be reasonably assured.
Cost of Revenues – Cost of revenues includes wages, materials, handling charges, depreciation and other expenses associated with the manufacture and delivery of products.
Research and Development – Research and development expenditures are recorded as expenses in the period in which they occur. Research and development expenses were $961,897 and $2,798,557 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Retirement Benefit Plans – The Company is required to make monthly contributions at prescribed rates to various employee retirement benefit plans organized by the provincial governments. The benefit plans of the government assume the retirement benefit obligations of all existing and future retired employees of the Company. The Company contributed $270,488 and $249,921 to retirement benefit plans for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Contributions to these plans are charged to expense as incurred.
Advertising Costs – Advertising costs are expensed when incurred. The Company did not incur any advertising costs for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.
Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share - Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is calculated to give effect to potentially issuable dilutive common shares.
The following table is a presentation of the numerators and denominators used in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share:
F - 8

CHINA PHARM HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014

|  | For the Year |
|  | Ended December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Net loss |  | $ | (15,405,518 | ) |  | $ | (39,550,760 | )
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding |  |  | 43,579,557 |  |  |  | 43,579,557 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrants |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Options |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding |  |  | 43,579,557 |  |  |  | 43,579,557 |
Basic loss per share |  | $ | (0.35 | ) |  | $ | (0.91 | )
Diluted loss per share |  | $ | (0.35 | ) |  | $ | (0.91 | )

There were no potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Credit Risk – The carrying amount of accounts receivable included in the balance sheet represents the Company's exposure to credit risk in relation to its financial assets. No other financial asset carries a significant exposure to credit risk. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of each customer's financial condition. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts and such allowances in the aggregate have not exceeded Management's estimates.
The Company has its cash in bank deposits primarily at state owned banks located in the PRC. Historically, deposits in PRC banks have been secured due to the state policy of protecting depositors' interests. The PRC promulgated a new Bankruptcy Law in August 2006, effective June 1, 2007, which contains provisions for the implementation of measures for the bankruptcy of PRC banks. In the event that bankruptcy laws are enacted for banks in the PRC, the Company's deposits may be at a higher risk of loss.
Interest Rate Risk – The Company is exposed to the risk arising from changing interest rates, which may affect the ability of repayment of existing debts and viability of securing future debt instruments within the PRC.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (ASU 2014-09), which contains new accounting literature relating to how and when a company recognizes revenue. Under ASU 2014-09, a company recognizes revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. In July 2015, the FASB decided to delay the effective date of the new standard by one year; as a result, the new standard will be effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption will be permitted, but no earlier than 2017 for calendar year-end entities.
The standard allows for two transition methods - retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial adoption. We have not yet determined our method of transition and are evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on our financial statements.
In November 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-17, "Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes," which is intended to simplify the balance sheet presentation of deferred income taxes. Current accounting principles require an entity to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in its balance sheet. The amendments require that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in its balance sheet. The amendments are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016. Companies may apply the new provisions either retrospectively or on a prospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. We early adopted the amendments effective December 31, 2015 on a retrospective basis. There was no effect on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2015 or 2014.
In January 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." The amendments require equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, and separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset. Additionally, the amendments eliminate the requirement to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments. The amendments are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Other than an amendment relating to presenting in comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in instrument-specific credit risk (if the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value), early adoption is not permitted. The Company does not anticipate the amendment will have any impact on our financial statements.
Other accounting standards that have been issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not expected to have a material effect on the Company's financial position, result of operations or cash flows.
F - 9

CHINA PHARM HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014
NOTE 2 – INVENTORY
Inventory consisted of the following:

|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 14,699,736 |  |  | $ | 18,819,570 |
Finished goods |  |  | 3,380,109 |  |  |  | 3,436,330 |
|  |  | 18,079,845 |  |  |  | 22,255,900 |
Obsolescence reserve |  |  | (8,417,095 | ) |  |  | (6,934,044 | )
Total Inventory |  | $ | 9,662,750 |  |  | $ | 15,321,856 |

NOTE 3 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment consisted of the following:

|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Permit of land use |  | $ | 433,956 |  |  | $ | 458,853 |
Building |  |  | 10,557,234 |  |  |  | 11,279,704 |
Plant, machinery and equipment |  |  | 27,325,440 |  |  |  | 28,358,694 |
Motor vehicle |  |  | 242,860 |  |  |  | 150,976 |
Office equipment |  |  | 256,679 |  |  |  | 268,521 |
Construction in progress |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,848 |
Total |  |  | 38,816,169 |  |  |  | 40,522,596 |
Less: accumulated depreciation |  |  | (9,422,912 | ) |  |  | (6,640,718 | )
Property and Equipment, net |  | $ | 29,393,257 |  |  | $ | 33,881,878 |

Construction in progress consists primarily of the construction of a new production facility, the acquisition of related equipment and capitalized interest during the construction period. Once the building and machinery is in production and the facility is in use, the amount of construction in progress is moved into plant, machinery and equipment and depreciated. During the year ended December 31, 2014, an aggregate of approximately $25.5 million was reclassified from construction in progress to their respective property and equipment category as the assets were placed in service and depreciation commenced. A reconciliation of total interest cost incurred to interest expense as recognized in the consolidated statement of operations is as follows:

|  | For the Year |
|  | Ended December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Total interest cost incurred |  | $ | 1,165,164 |  |  | $ | 1,244,346 |
Interest cost capitalized |  |  | - |  |  |  | 458,542 |
Interest expense |  | $ | 1,165,164 |  |  | $ | 785,804 |

Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

Asset |  | Life - years
Permit of land use |  | 40 - 70
Building |  | 20 - 49
Plant, machinery and equipment |  | 5 - 10
Motor vehicle |  | 5 - 10
Office equipment |  | 3-5

Depreciation relating to office equipment was included in general and administrative expenses, while all other depreciation was included in cost of revenue. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, depreciation expense was $3,280,618 and $1,399,396, respectively.
F - 10

CHINA PHARM HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014
NOTE 4 - INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets represent the cost of medical formulas approved for production by the CFDA. The Company did not obtain CFDA production approval for any medical formula during the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 and no costs were reclassified from advances to intangible assets in 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Approved medical formulas are amortized from the date CFDA approval is obtained over their individually identifiable estimated useful life, which range from ten to thirteen years. It is at least reasonably possible that a change in the estimated useful lives of the medical formulas could occur in the near term due to changes in the demand for the drugs and medicines produced from these medical formulas. Amortization expense relating to intangible assets was $317,908 and $386,440 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and was included in the general and administrative expenses. Medical formulas typically do not have a residual value at the end of their amortization period.
The Company evaluates each approved medical formula for impairment at the date of CFDA approval, when indications of impairment are present and at the date of each financial statement. The Company's evaluation is based on an estimated undiscounted net cash flow model, considering currently available market data for the related drug and the Company's estimated market share. If the carrying value of the medical formula exceeds the estimated future net cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the medical formula, which is determined by the estimated discounted future net cash flows. An impairment loss of $104,544 was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2015. No impairment loss was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2014.
Intangible assets consisted solely of CFDA approved medical formulas as follows:

|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Gross carrying amount |  | $ | 5,201,079 |  |  | $ | 5,499,494 |
Accumulated amortization |  |  | (4,360,004 | ) |  |  | (4,182,273 | )
Net carrying amount |  | $ | 841,075 |  |  | $ | 1,317,221 |

The estimated aggregate annual amortization expense for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

Year |  | Amount |
2016 |  | $ | 269,077 |
2017 |  |  | 172,180 |
2018 |  |  | 117,541 |
2019 |  |  | 61,288 |
2020 |  |  | 37,884 |
Thereafter |  |  | 183,105 |
Total |  | $ | 841,075 |

NOTE 5 – ADVANCES FOR PURCHASES OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS
In order to expand the number of medicines the Company manufactured and marketed, it has entered into contracts with independent laboratories and others for the purchase of medical formulas. Although CFDA approval had not been obtained for these medical formulas at the dates of the respective contracts, the objective of the contracts is for the Company to purchase CFDA-approved medical formulas once the CFDA approval process is completed. The Company received the titles to two patents that relate to medical formulas currently in the CFDA approval process for the year end December 31, 2013. These patents have not expired.
Prior to entering into contracts with the Company, laboratories typically are required to complete all research and development to determine the content of the medical formula and the method to produce the generic medicine. The application to the CFDA for production approval must be made by the production facility that will produce the related product. As a result, a contract typically provides that the Company buys the medical formula from the laboratory and the laboratory is required to assist the Company in applying for and obtaining the production approval from the CFDA.
A typical CFDA approval process for the production of a generic medical product involves a number of steps that generally require three to five years to complete. If the medical formula is purchased at the point when the generic medical product receives the CFDA's approval for a clinical study, which is very typical for the Company, the clinical study that follows will usually take from one and a half to three years to complete. After completing the clinical study, the results are submitted to the CFDA and a production approval application is filed with the CFDA. In most cases, it will take between eight to eighteen months to prepare and submit the production approval application and obtain CFDA approval. Upon approving the generic medical product, the CFDA issues a production certificate and the Company can commence the production and sales of the generic medical product. As a result of this process, CFDA approval is expected to be received in approximately two to five years from the date the Company signs the medical formula contracts.
F - 11

CHINA PHARM HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014
Under the terms of the contracts, the laboratories are required to assist the Company in obtaining production approval for the medical formulas from the CFDA. Management monitors the status of each medical formula on a regular basis in order to assess whether the laboratories are performing adequately under the contracts. If a medical product is not approved by the CFDA, as evidenced by their issuance of a denial letter, or if the laboratory breaches the contract, the laboratory is required under the contract to provide a refund to the Company of the full amount of the payments made to the laboratory for that formula, or the Company can require the application of those payments to another medical formula with the same laboratory. As a result of the refund right, the Company is ultimately purchasing an approved medical product. Accordingly, payments made prior to the issuance of production approval by the CFDA are recorded as advances for purchases of intangible assets.
To date, no formula has failed to receive CFDA production approval nor has the Company been informed or become aware of any formula that may fail to receive such approval. However, there is no assurance that the medical products will receive production approval and if the Company does not receive such approval, it will enforce its contractual rights to receive the refund from the laboratory or have the payments applied to another medical formula with the same laboratory.
During 2015, the Company reclassified $1,581,820 in advances to suppliers to advances for purchases of intangible assets on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2014. The reclassification has no effect on the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2014. The reclassification increased cash flows from operations by $1,580,610 and decreased cash flows from investing activities by $1,580,610. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company was obligated to pay laboratories and others approximately $4,767,000 and $4,551,000, respectively, upon the completion of the various phases of contracts to obtain CFDA production approval of medical formulas.
NOTE 6 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A member of the Company's board of directors had previously advanced the Company an aggregate amount of $1,354,567 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 which are recorded as other payables – related parties on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The advances bear interest at a rate of 1.0% per year. Total interest expense of $13,546 was recognized for each of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.
NOTE 7 – NOTES PAYABLE
On November 1, 2013 the Company entered into a revolving line of credit in the amount of RMB30,000,000 with a bank. Advances on the line of credit were due one year from the date of the advance and were collateralized by certain land use rights, buildings and accounts receivable and bear interest at an annual rate of 6.6% (based upon 110% of the PRC government's current short term rate of 6.00%). In addition, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the board of directors personally guaranteed the line of credit.
In November 2014, the Company entered into a new line of credit with the same bank on identical terms. Advances on the line of credit were due one year from the date of the advance and were collateralized by certain land use rights, buildings and accounts receivable and bear interest at an annual rate of 6.16% (based upon 110% of the PRC government's current short term rate of 5.6%). In addition, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the board of directors personally guaranteed the new line of credit. In November 2015 the Company renewed its line of credit in the amount of RMB30,000,000 with the same bank. The line of credit is payable in two equal installments of RMB15,000,000 ($2.31 million) payable on September 16, 2016 and October 19, 2016. Advances on the line of credit are collateralized by certain land use rights, buildings and accounts receivable and bear interest at an annual rate of 5.06% (based upon 110% of the PRC government's current short term rate of 4.6%). In addition, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the board of directors personally guaranteed the line of credit.
The outstanding balance due under the revolving line of credit was RMB 30,000,000 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 ($4,621,998 as of December 31, 2015 and $4,887,187 as of December 31, 2014). The Company has no additional amounts available to it under this line of credit. This amount has been classified as short-term notes payable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014.
Fair Value of Notes Payable – Based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for bank loans with similar terms and maturities, the carrying amounts of notes payable outstanding as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 approximated their fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments and because the underlying instruments bear interest rates that approximated current market rates.
NOTE 8 – CONSTRUCTION LOAN FACILITY
The Company obtained a construction loan facility in the amount of RMB80,000,000 (approximately $12.3 and $13.0 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively) from a construction loan facility dated June 21, 2013. The loan facility is for an eight-year term, which commenced on July 11, 2013, the initial draw-down date. The total loan facility amount is RMB 80,000,000 (approximately $13 million) and is from the same bank that currently provides the line of credit as discussed in Note 7. The proceeds of the loan were used for and are collateralized by the construction of the Company's new production facility and the included production line equipment and machinery. The loan currently
F - 12

CHINA PHARM HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014
bears weighted interest at 5.73%, based upon 110% of the PRC government's eight-year term rate effective on the actual draw-down date, subject to annual adjustments based on 110% of the floating rate for the same type of loan on the anniversary from the draw-down date and its subsequent anniversary dates. On July 10, 2015 the interest rate was adjusted to 5.94%. The loan requires interest only payments for the first two years. Beginning July 11, 2015, the balance of the principal will be due in at least two (2) annual installments with the first annual payment being due within six month period after July 10, 2015 and the second annual payment being due July 10, 2016 and each following year over the next five years through July 11, 2022 on the identical terms as described above for 2015. In January 2016, the Company made a principal payment in the amount of approximately $309,000 (RMB2,000,000) with the remaining annual principal payment of $1,320,000 (8,000,000 RMB) being due in July 2016. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had no additional amounts available to it under this facility.
Principal payments required for the next five years as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:

Year |  | Amount |
2016 |  |  | 1,540,666 |
2017 |  |  | 1,540,666 |
2018 |  |  | 2,310,999 |
2019 |  |  | 2,310,999 |
2020 |  |  | 2,310,999 |
2021 |  |  | 2,310,999 |
|  | $ | 12,325,327 |

Fair Value of Construction Loan Facility – Based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for bank loans with similar terms and maturities, the carrying amounts of the construction loan facility outstanding as of December 31, 2015 approximated its fair value because the underlying instrument bears an interest rate that approximated current market rates.
NOTE 9 – LOSSES FROM NATURAL DISASTER
On July 18, 2014, the Company's manufacturing facilities and inventory sustained storm damage from a powerful tropical typhoon that hit Haikou on that date. The losses are comprised of $2,016,068 of inventory related costs and $260,451 of facilities damage costs. The Company received minor insurance compensation as only the building of new plant was insured and the damage to it was minor.
The Company assessed whether any asset impairment had occurred as a result of the storm and decided no impairment was necessary. In addition, the Company assessed whether the damage caused by the tropical typhoon exposed the Company to environmental remediation liability. Based on the assessment, the Company determined that no such exposure had occurred.
NOTE 10 – SUBSIDY INCOME
During 2015, the Company received cash of $1.64 million related to a subsidy from the government for the technological innovation it has achieved and the industrial upgrading related to its new GMP certified facility. In 2014, the Company received cash of $65,113 as a subsidy from the government for the enterprises that suffered losses from the typhoon to resume production. Theses amounts have been recorded as "Subsidy income" in the accompanying Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
NOTE 11 - INCOME TAXES
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws or rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
Undistributed earnings of Helpson, the Company's foreign subsidiary, since its acquisition, amounted to approximately $40.0 million as of December 31, 2015. Those earnings, as well as the investment in Helpson of approximately $23.3 million, are considered to be indefinitely reinvested and, accordingly, no U.S. federal or state income taxes have been provided thereon. Upon distribution of those earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company would be subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes (net of an adjustment for foreign tax credits) and withholding taxes payable to the PRC. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred U.S. income tax liability is not practical because of the complexities associated with its hypothetical calculation; however, unrecognized foreign tax credits may be available to reduce a portion of the U.S. tax liability.
Liabilities are established for uncertain tax positions expected to be taken in income tax return when such positions are judged to meet the "more-likely-than-not" threshold based on the technical merits of the positions. Estimated interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are included as a component of other expenses. Through December 31, 2015, the Company has not identified any uncertain tax positions that it has taken. U.S. income tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2012 through December 31, 2015 and the Chinese income tax return for the year ended December 31, 2015 are open for possible examination.
F - 13

CHINA PHARM HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014
On March 16, 2007, the National People's Congress of China passed the Enterprise Income Tax Law (EIT Law) and on December 6, 2007, the State Council of China issued the Implementation Regulations for the EIT Law which took effect on January 1, 2008. The EIT Law and Implementation Regulations Rules impose a unified EIT of 25% on all domestic-invested enterprises and Foreign Invested Entities, or FIEs, unless they qualify under certain limited exceptions.
The Company is located in a special region, which had a 15% corporate income tax rate before the new EIT Law. The new EIT Law abolished the preferential corporate income tax rate in the special region. The Company transitioned to the new 25% tax rate over a five year period which began on January 1, 2008. During 2010, the Company applied for and received a favorable tax rate of 15% for fiscal 2011 through 2013 due to its status in the PRC as a high technology enterprise. In 2013, the Company again applied for and received the same favorable tax rate for 2014 to 2016. Under the current tax law in the PRC, the Company is and will be subject to the following enterprise income tax rates:

|  | Enterprise Income
Year |  | Tax Rate
2014 |  | 15%
2015 |  | 15%
2016 |  | 15%
2017 |  | 25%
2018 |  | 25%
Thereafter |  | 25%

The provision for income taxes consisted of the following:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Current |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Deferred |  |  | 60,439 |  |  |  | 77,042 |
Total income tax expense |  | $ | 60,439 |  |  | $ | 77,042 |

Following is a reconciliation of income taxes calculated at the federal statutory rates to the provision for income taxes:

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
(Benefit) tax at statutory rate of 25% |  | $ | (3,832,536 | ) |  | $ | (9,868,430 | )
Effect of tax holiday |  |  | 1,478,831 |  |  |  | 3,906,336 |
Other, primarily the difference in U.S. tax rates |  |  | 4,136 |  |  |  | 7,815 |
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | 2,410,008 |  |  |  | 6,031,321 |
Income tax expense |  | $ | 60,439 |  |  | $ | 77,042 |

The effect of the tax holiday amounted to a change in the tax expense (benefit) of $1,478,831 and $3,906,336 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, which was equivalent to basic and diluted earnings per share of ($0.06) and ($0.09) per share for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The temporary differences which give rise to the deferred income tax assets and liability are as follows:
F - 14

CHINA PHARM HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Deferred income tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful trade receivables |  | $ | 4,296,660 |  |  | $ | 6,652,118 |
Allowance for doubtful other receivables |  |  | 11,160 |  |  |  | 9,049 |
Inventory obsolescence reserve |  |  | 1,262,564 |  |  |  | 1,040,107 |
Expenses not deductible in current year |  |  | 647,236 |  |  |  | 31,000 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 106,261 |  |  |  | 377,457 |
PRC net operating loss carry forward |  |  | 5,114,478 |  |  |  | 1,676,852 |
U.S. net operating loss carry forward |  |  | 1,360,213 |  |  |  | 1,181,679 |
Total deferred income tax assets |  |  | 12,798,572 |  |  |  | 10,968,262 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (12,798,572 | ) |  |  | (10,968,262 | )
Net deferred income tax asset |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Deferred income tax liability: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  | $ | 296,890 |  |  | $ | 252,707 |

As of December 31, 2015, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for PRC tax purposes of approximately $34.1 million which are available to offset any future taxable income through 2020. The Company also has net operating losses for United States federal income tax purposes of approximately $4.0 million which are available to offset future taxable income, if any, through 2035.
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, Management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those differences become deductible or tax loss carry forwards are utilized. Management considers projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon an assessment of the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods on which the deferred tax assets are deductible or can be utilized, Management believes it is not likely for the Company to realize all benefits of the deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. Therefore, the Company provided for a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets of $12,798,572 and $10,968,262 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
The Company also incurred various other taxes, comprised primarily of business taxes, value-added taxes, urban construction taxes, education surcharges and others. Any unpaid amounts are reflected on the balance sheets as accrued taxes payable.
NOTE 12 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. To measure fair value, a hierarchy has been established which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. This hierarchy uses three levels of inputs to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities as follows: Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in less active markets, or other observable inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 – Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity for financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
The Company uses fair value to measure the derivative warrant liability on a recurring basis because fair value is the primary measure for accounting. The Company also uses fair value to measure the value of the banker's acceptance notes it holds. The Company values its derivative warrants using a valuation method explained above. The banker's acceptance notes are recorded at cost which approximates fair value. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had no banker's acceptance notes to be recorded at fair value. The Company held the following assets and liabilities recorded at fair value as of December 31, 2014:

|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at |
|  |  |  |  | Reporting Date Using |
Description |  | December 31, 2014 |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Banker's acceptance notes |  | $ | 458,233 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 458,233 |  |  | $ | - |
Total |  | $ | 458,233 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 458.233 |  |  | $ | - |

F - 15

CHINA PHARM HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 and 2014
NOTE 13 - STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
The Company is authorized to issue 95,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value. The preferred stock may be issued in series with such designations, preferences, stated values, rights, qualifications or limitations as determined solely by the Company's board of directors.
Employee Stock Options
2010 Incentive Plan
On November 12, 2010, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the Company's 2010 Incentive Plan (the "Plan"), which was then approved by stockholders on December 22, 2010. The Plan gave the Company the ability to grant stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights and performance units to its employees, directors and consultants, or those who will become employees, directors and consultants of the Company and/or its subsidiaries. The Plan currently allows for equity awards of up to 4,000,000 shares of common stock. Through December 31, 2015, there were 175,000 shares of restricted stock granted and outstanding under the Plan. No options were outstanding as of December 31, 2015 under the Plan.
There were no securities issued from the Plan during each of the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.
The Company recognized no compensation expense related to the awards of common shares and the grants and modifications of stock options during each of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.
The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's common stock prices. The Company uses historical data to estimate employee termination rates. The expected term of options granted is determined by the simplified method, which is one-half of the original contractual term. The simplified method is used due to the lack of historical share option exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
As of December 31, 2015, there was no remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options or restricted stock grants.
NOTE 14 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Economic environment - Substantially all of the Company's operations are conducted in the PRC, and therefore the Company is subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies operating in the United States of America. These risks include, among others, the political, economic and legal environments and fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rate. The Company's results from operations may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in the PRC, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things. The unfavorable changes in global macroeconomic factors may also adversely affect the Company's operations.
In addition, all of the Company's revenue is denominated in the PRC's currency of Renminbi (RMB), which must be converted into other currencies before remittance out of the PRC. Both the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and the remittance of foreign currencies abroad require approval of the PRC government.
NOTE 15 – CONCENTRATIONS
For the year ended December 31, 2015, no customer accounted for more than 10% of sales and one supplier accounted for 27.0% of raw material purchases, one customer accounted for 28.0% of accounts receivable, and three different products accounted for 49%, 15% and 14% of revenue.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, one customer accounted for 13.0% of sales and one supplier accounted for 26.5% of raw material purchases, one customer accounted for 17.7% of accounts receivable, and three different products accounted for 49%, 12% and 11% of revenue.
F - 16