Intangible assets represent the cost of medical formulas approved for production by the CFDA. The Company did not obtain CFDA production approval for any medical formula during the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 and no costs were reclassified from advances to intangible assets in 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Approved medical formulas are amortized from the date CFDA approval is obtained over their individually identifiable estimated useful life, which range from ten to thirteen years. It is at least reasonably possible that a change in the estimated useful lives of the medical formulas could occur in the near term due to changes in the demand for the drugs and medicines produced from these medical formulas. Amortization expense relating to intangible assets was $317,908 and $386,440 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and was included in the general and administrative expenses. Medical formulas typically do not have a residual value at the end of their amortization period.

The Company evaluates each approved medical formula for impairment at the date of CFDA approval, when indications of impairment are present and at the date of each financial statement. The Company's evaluation is based on an estimated undiscounted net cash flow model, considering currently available market data for the related drug and the Company's estimated market share. If the carrying value of the medical formula exceeds the estimated future net cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the medical formula, which is determined by the estimated discounted future net cash flows. An impairment loss of $104,544 was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2015. No impairment loss was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2014.

Intangible assets consisted solely of CFDA approved medical formulas as follows:

	December 31,			December 31,
	2015			2014
Gross carrying amount	$	5,201,079		$	5,499,494
Accumulated amortization		(4,360,004	)		(4,182,273	)
Net carrying amount	$	841,075		$	1,317,221

The estimated aggregate annual amortization expense for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

Year	Amount
2016	$	269,077
2017		172,180
2018		117,541
2019		61,288
2020		37,884
Thereafter		183,105
Total	$	841,075