Intangible assets represent the cost of medical formulas approved for production by China Food and Drug Administration ("CFDA"). The Company did not obtain CFDA production approval for any medical formula during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 and no costs were reclassified from advances to intangible assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Approved medical formulas are amortized from the date CFDA approval is obtained over their individually identifiable estimated useful lives, which range from ten to thirteen years. It is at least reasonably possible that a change in the estimated useful lives of the medical formulas could occur in the near term due to changes in the demand for the drugs and medicines produced from these medical formulas. Amortization expense relating to intangible assets was $65,643 and $73,498, respectively for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 and $199,609 and $246,009 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and was included in the general and administrative expenses. Medical formulas typically do not have a residual value at the end of their amortization periods.

The Company evaluates each approved medical formula for impairment on the date of CFDA approval is obtained, when indications of impairment are present and on the date each financial statement is issued. The Company's evaluation is based on an estimated undiscounted net cash flow model, considering currently available market data for the related drug and the Company's estimated market share. If the carrying value of the medical formula exceeds the estimated future net cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the medical formula, which is determined by the estimated discounted future net cash flows. No impairment loss was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

Intangible assets consisted solely of CFDA approved medical formulas as follows:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2016			2015
Gross carrying amount	$	5,061,737		$	5,201,079
Accumulated amortization		(4,440,106	)		(4,360,004	)
Net carrying amount	$	621,631		$	841,075