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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]    
Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, such statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring items) which are considered necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company as of September 30, 2019, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year. It is suggested that these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018, included in this filing. The balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements.

 
Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

 

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and majority-owned subsidiary. Any intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Principles of Consolidation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and majority-owned subsidiary. Any intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.

 

Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates include:

 

  the fair value of assets acquired, and liabilities assumed in a business combination;
  the assessment of recoverability of long-lived assets, including property and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets;
  the estimated useful lives of intangible and depreciable assets;
  the recognition of revenue; and
  the recognition, measurement and valuation of current and deferred income taxes

  

Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed, and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period that they are determined to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.

 

Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates include:

 

the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination;
the assessment of recoverability of long-lived assets, including property and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets;

  

the estimated useful lives of intangible and depreciable assets;
the recognition of revenue; and
the recognition, measurement and valuation of current and deferred income taxes

 

Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed, and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period that they are determined to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers all highly-liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers all highly-liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of December 31, 2018 or 2017.

Inventory  

Inventory

 

Inventories, which are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, consist primarily of perishable food items and supplies. Cost is determined using the first-in, first out method.

Property and Equipment  

Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Major improvements are capitalized, and minor replacements, maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are calculated on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the lease term of the related asset. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

 

  Furniture and equipment 5 - 7 years
  Leasehold improvements 1.7 – 10.4 years

Intangible Assets  

Intangible Assets

 

The Company accounts for recorded intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350 “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other”. In accordance with ASC 350, the Company does not amortize intangible assets having indefinite useful lives. The Company’s goodwill and trademarks are deemed to have indefinite lives, and accordingly are not amortized, but are evaluated for impairment at least annually, or more often whenever changes in facts and circumstances may indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) requires that goodwill be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment). Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value. Significant judgment is required to estimate the fair value of reporting units which includes estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and/or goodwill impairment.

 

Other intangible assets include franchise agreements and a non-compete agreement which are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 13 years and 5 years, respectively.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets  

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

When circumstances, such as adverse market conditions, indicate that the carrying value of a long-lived asset may be impaired, the Company performs an analysis to review the recoverability of the asset’s carrying value, which includes estimating the undiscounted cash flows (excluding interest charges) from the expected future operations of the asset. These estimates consider factors such as expected future operating income, operating trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors. If the analysis indicates that the carrying value is not recoverable from future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. Any impairment losses are recorded as operating expenses, which reduce net income.

Convertible Instruments

Convertible Instruments

 

The Company evaluates its convertible instruments to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivative financial instruments to be separately accounted for in accordance with Topic 815 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). The accounting treatment of derivative financial instruments requires that the Company record embedded conversion options and any related freestanding instruments at their fair values as of the inception date of the agreement and at fair value as of each subsequent balance sheet date. Any change in fair value is recorded as non-operating, non-cash income or expense for each reporting period at each balance sheet date. The Company reassesses the classification of its derivative instruments at each balance sheet date. If the classification changes as a result of events during the period, the contract is reclassified as of the date of the event that caused the reclassification. Embedded conversion options and any related freestanding instruments are recorded as a discount to the host instrument.

 

If the instrument is determined not to be a derivative liability, the Company then evaluates for the existence of a beneficial conversion feature by comparing the market price of the Company’s common stock as of the commitment date to the effective conversion price of the instrument.

 

As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the Company did not have any derivative liabilities on its balance sheets.

Convertible Instruments

 

The Company evaluates its convertible instruments to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivative financial instruments to be separately accounted for in accordance with Topic 815 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). The accounting treatment of derivative financial instruments requires that the Company record embedded conversion options and any related freestanding instruments at their fair values as of the inception date of the agreement and at fair value as of each subsequent balance sheet date. Any change in fair value is recorded as non-operating, non-cash income or expense for each reporting period at each balance sheet date. The Company reassesses the classification of its derivative instruments at each balance sheet date. If the classification changes as a result of events during the period, the contract is reclassified as of the date of the event that caused the reclassification. Embedded conversion options and any related freestanding instruments are recorded as a discount to the host instrument.

 

If the instrument is determined not to be a derivative liability, the Company then evaluates for the existence of a beneficial conversion feature by comparing the market price of the Company’s common stock as of the commitment date to the effective conversion price of the instrument.

 

As of December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any derivative liabilities on its balance sheets.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize assets and liabilities arising from a lease for both financing and operating leases. ASU 2016-02 will also require new qualitative and quantitative disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2016-02 and its impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

 

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260) Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815),” which addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are features of certain equity-linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Current accounting guidance creates cost and complexity for entities that issue financial instruments (such as warrants and convertible instruments) with down round features that require fair value measurement of the entire instrument or conversion option. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance can be applied using a full or modified retrospective approach. The Company does not believe the adoption of the standard will have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

  

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718),” (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 is intended to reduce cost and complexity and to improve financial reporting for nonemployee share-based payments. Currently, the accounting requirements for nonemployee and employee share-based payment transactions are significantly different. ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (which currently only includes share-based payments to employees) to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees will be substantially aligned. This ASU supersedes Subtopic 505-50, Equity — Equity-Based Payments to Nonemployees. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than a Company’s adoption date of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2018-07 and its impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-09, “Codification Improvements” (“ASU 2018-09”). These amendments provide clarifications and corrections to certain ASC subtopics including the following: Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income – Overall (Topic 220-10), Debt - Modifications and Extinguishments (Topic 470-50), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity – Overall (Topic 480-10), Compensation - Stock Compensation - Income Taxes (Topic 718-740), Business Combinations - Income Taxes (Topic 805-740), Derivatives and Hedging – Overall (Topic 815-10), and Fair Value Measurement – Overall (Topic 820-10). The majority of the amendments in ASU 2018-09 will be effective in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

 

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” (“ASU 2018-10”). The amendments in ASU 2018-10 provide additional clarification and implementation guidance on certain aspects of the previously issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”) and have the same effective and transition requirements as ASU 2016-02. Upon the effective date, ASU 2018-10 will supersede the current lease guidance in ASC Topic 840, Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases, a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis. Concurrently, lessees will be required to recognize a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. ASU 2018-10 is effective for emerging growth companies for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The guidance is required to be applied using a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” (“ASU 2018-11”). The amendments in ASU 2018-11 related to transition relief on comparative reporting at adoption affect all entities with lease contracts that choose the additional transition method and separating components of a contract affect only lessors whose lease contracts qualify for the practical expedient. The amendments in ASU 2018-11 are effective for emerging growth companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize assets and liabilities arising from a lease for both financing and operating leases. ASU 2016-02 will also require new qualitative and quantitative disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2016-02 and its impact on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

 

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Principal versus Agent Considerations”, in April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) - Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing” and in May 9, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2016-12”). This update provides clarifying guidance regarding the application of ASU No. 2014-09 - Revenue From Contracts with Customers which is not yet effective. These new standards provide for a single, principles-based model for revenue recognition that replaces the existing revenue recognition guidance. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for private companies and emerging growth public companies until annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2018, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. It will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. The Company will evaluate the effects, if any, that adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” ASU No. 2016-20 amends certain aspects of ASU No. 2014-09 and clarifies, rather than changes, the core revenue recognition principles in ASU No. 2014-09. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the effect that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated cash flows and related disclosures.

 

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350)” (“ASU 2017-04”) Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The update simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. It affects public entities that have goodwill reported in their financial statements and have not elected the private company alternative for the subsequent measurement of goodwill. A public entity that is a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filer should adopt the amendments in this update for its annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We are currently reviewing the new standard and assessing the impact of its adoption.

 

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260) Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815),” which addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are features of certain equity-linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Current accounting guidance creates cost and complexity for entities that issue financial instruments (such as warrants and convertible instruments) with down round features that require fair value measurement of the entire instrument or conversion option. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. This guidance is effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

 

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718),” (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 is intended to reduce cost and complexity and to improve financial reporting for nonemployee share-based payments. Currently, the accounting requirements for nonemployee and employee share-based payment transactions are significantly different. ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (which currently only includes share-based payments to employees) to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees will be substantially aligned. This ASU supersedes Subtopic 505-50, Equity — Equity-Based Payments to Nonemployees. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than a company’s adoption date of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2018-07 and its impact on the consolidated financial statements.

 

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-09, “Codification Improvements” (“ASU 2018-09”). These amendments provide clarifications and corrections to certain ASC subtopics including the following: Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income – Overall (Topic 220-10), Debt - Modifications and Extinguishments (Topic 470-50), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity – Overall (Topic 480-10), Compensation - Stock Compensation - Income Taxes (Topic 718-740), Business Combinations - Income Taxes (Topic 805-740), Derivatives and Hedging – Overall (Topic 815-10), and Fair Value Measurement – Overall (Topic 820-10). The majority of the amendments in ASU 2018-09 will be effective in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating and assessing the impact this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” (“ASU 2018-10”). The amendments in ASU 2018-10 provide additional clarification and implementation guidance on certain aspects of the previously issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”) and have the same effective and transition requirements as ASU 2016-02. Upon the effective date, ASU 2018-10 will supersede the current lease guidance in ASC Topic 840, Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases, a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis. Concurrently, lessees will be required to recognize a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. ASU 2018-10 is effective for emerging growth companies for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The guidance is required to be applied using a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” (“ASU 2018-11”). The amendments in ASU 2018-11 related to transition relief on comparative reporting at adoption affect all entities with lease contracts that choose the additional transition method and separating components of a contract affect only lessors whose lease contracts qualify for the practical expedient. The amendments in ASU 2018-11 are effective for emerging growth companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

 

During the first quarter 2019, the Company adopted Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” for revenue recognition related to contracts with customers and applied the guidance modified retrospectively. Under the new guidance, revenue is recognized in accordance with a five-step revenue model, as follows: (1) identifying the contract with the customer; (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (5) recognizing revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In applying this five-step model, we have made significant judgments in identifying the promised goods or services in our contracts with franchisees that are distinct, and which represent separate performance obligations. The change between Topic 605 and Topic 606, primarily impacted the way the Company recognized franchise fees. Under Topic 605 franchise fees were recognized upon opening of a restaurant or granting of a new franchise term while under Topic 606 franchise fees are recognizes on a straight-line basis over the life of the related franchise agreements and any exercised renewal periods. The impact of the adoption of Topic 606 resulted in an adjustment of $568,540 in retained earnings and deferred revenues.

 

Restaurant Sales

 

Retail store revenue at Company operated restaurants is recognized when payment is tendered at the point of sale, net of sales tax, discount and other sales related taxes. The Company recorded retail store revenues of $821,684 and $2,438,284 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The Company recorded retail store revenues of $721,300 and $3,246,041 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

 

The Company sells gift cards which do not have an expiration date, and it does not deduct dormancy fees from outstanding gift card balances. The Company recognize revenues form gift cards as restaurant revenues once the Company performs obligation to provide food and beverage to the customer is satisfies upon redemption of the gift card.

 

Franchise Royalties and Fees

 

Franchise revenues consists of royalties, franchise fees and rebates. Royalties are based on a percentage of franchisee net sales revenue. The Company recognizes the royalties as the underlying sales occur. The Company recorded revenue from royalties of $165,412 and $563,772 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, which is included in franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded revenue from royalties of $244,820 and $736,384 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, which is included in franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

  

The Company provides the franchisees with management expertise, training, pre-opening assistance, and restaurant operating assistance in exchange for the multi-unit development fees and franchise fees. The Company capitalizes these fees upon collection from the franchisee, which then recognizes franchise fee revenue on a straight-line basis over the life of the related franchise agreements and any exercised renewal periods. Cash payments are due upon the execution of the related franchise agreement. The Company’s performance obligation with respect to franchise fee revenues consists of a license to utilize the Company’s brand for a specified period of time, which is satisfied equally over the life of each franchise agreement. The Company recorded revenue from franchise fees of $16,132 and $342,649 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, which is included in franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded revenue from franchise fees of $20,000 and $125,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, which is included in franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 

The Company has supply agreements with certain food and beverage vendors. Pursuant to the terms of these agreements, rebates are provided to the Company based upon the dollar volume of purchases for all company-owned and franchised restaurants from these vendors. Rebates earned on purchases by franchise stores are recorded as revenue during the period in which the related food and beverage purchases are made. The Company recorded revenue from rebates of $71,200 and $220,120 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, which is included in franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded revenue from rebates of $59,260 and $268,588 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, which is included in franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Rebates earned on purchases by Company owned stores are recorded as a reduction of cost of goods sold during the period in which the related food and beverage purchases are made.

 

Other Revenues

 

Through its subsidiary CTI which was sold in May 2018, the Company derived revenue from the sale of POS computer systems, cash registers and camera systems, and from the provision of related consulting and support services, which generally include implementation, installation and training services. The Company recognized revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement existed, delivery of the product or service has occurred, the fee was fixed or determinable and collectability was reasonably assured. The Company recorded $0 and $244,633, respectively, of revenues from these technology sales and services during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

 

Deferred Revenue

 

Deferred revenue primarily includes initial franchise fees received by the Company, which are being amortized over the life of the Company’s franchise agreements, as well as unearned vendor rebates and customer deposits received in connection with technology sales and services by CTI (see Note 10 – Deferred Revenue).

 

Customer deposits received for technology sales or services are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized when the sale is complete, or the service is performed.

 

Franchise Advertising Fund Contributions

 

Under the Company’s franchise agreements, the Company and its franchisees are required to contribute a certain percentage of revenues to a national advertising fund. The Company’s national advertising services are provided on a system-wide basis and, therefore, not considered distinct performance obligations for individual franchisees. In accordance with Topic 606, the Company recognizes these sales-based advertising contributions from franchisees as franchise revenue when the underlying franchisee sales occur. The Company records the related advertising expenses as incurred under general and administrative expenses. When an advertising contribution fund is over-spent at year end, advertising expenses will be reported on the condensed consolidated statement of operations in an amount that is greater than the revenue recorded for advertising contributions. Conversely, when an advertising contribution fund is under-spent at a period end, the Company will accrue advertising costs up to advertising contributions recorded in revenue. The Company recorded contributions from franchisees of $39,030 and $116,423, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, which is included in franchise advertising fund contributions on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 

Impacts on Financial Statements

 

The following table summarized the impact of the adoption of the new revenue standard on the Company’s previously reported consolidated financial statements:

 

    December 31, 2018     New Revenue
Standard
Adjustment
    January 1, 2019  
Deferred revenues   $ 907,948     $ 568,540     $ 1,476,488  
Accumulated deficit     23,833,656       568,540       24,402,196  

Revenue Recognition

 

In accordance with the Accounting Standard Codification Topic 605 “Revenue Recognition” (“ASC 605”), the Company recognizes revenue when the following four criteria are met: (1) delivery has occurred or services rendered; (2) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (3) there are no continuing obligations to the customer; and (4) the collection of related accounts receivable is probable.

 

Restaurant Sales

 

Retail store revenue at company operated restaurants is recognized when payment is tendered at the point of sale, net of sales tax, discount and other sales related taxes.

 

The Company sells gift cards which do not have an expiration date, and it does not deduct dormancy fees from outstanding gift card balances. The Company recognize revenues form gift cards as restaurant revenues once the Company performs obligation to provide food and beverage to the customer is satisfies upon redemption of the gift card.

 

Franchise Royalties and Fees

 

Franchise royalties and fees principally consists of royalties and franchise fees. Royalties are based on a percentage of franchisee net sales revenue. Initial franchise fees are recognized upon either termination of franchise agreement prior to opening or upon opening of a restaurant or granting of a new franchise term, which is when the Company has performed substantially all material obligations and initial services required by the franchise agreement. The Company recognizes renewal fees as income when a renewal agreement becomes effective.

 

The Company has supply agreements with certain food and beverage vendors. Pursuant to the terms of these agreements, rebates are provided to the Company based upon the dollar volume of purchases for all company-owned and franchised restaurants from these vendors. Rebates earned on purchases by franchise stores are recorded as revenue during the period in which the related food and beverage purchases are made. The Company recorded revenue from rebates of $308,958 and $337,786 during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which is included in franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Rebates earned on purchases by company owned stores are recorded as a reduction of cost of goods sold during the period in which the related food and beverage purchases are made.

 

Other Revenues

 

Through its subsidiary CTI, which was sold in May 2018, the Company derived revenue from the sale of POS computer systems, cash registers, digital menu boards and camera systems, and from the provision of related consulting and support services, which generally include implementation, installation and training services. The Company recognized revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement existed, delivery of the product or service occurred, the fee was fixed or determinable and collectability was reasonably assured. The Company recorded $244,633 and $725,685 of revenues from these technology sales and services during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

Deferred Revenue

 

Deferred revenue primarily includes initial franchise fees received by the Company, for which the restaurant has not yet opened, as well as unearned vendor rebates and customer deposits received in connection with technology sales and services by CTI (see Note 13 – Deferred Revenue).

 

The Company collects initial franchise fees when franchise agreements are signed and recognizes the initial franchise fees as revenue when the store is opened, which is when the Company has performed substantially all initial services required by the franchise agreement. Customer deposits received for technology sales or services are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized when the sale is complete, or the service is performed.

Advertising

Advertising

 

Advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred. Advertising costs were approximately $14,624 and $18,237 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and approximately $3,638 and $23,237 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Advertising

 

Advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred. Advertising costs were approximately $26,000 and $609,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and are included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Advertising costs incurred related to our national advertising fund are netted with contributions from our Company-owned stores and our franchisees.

Net Loss Per Share

Net Loss per Share

 

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, plus the impact of potential common shares, if dilutive, resulting from the exercise of warrants.

 

The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average diluted common shares at September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

 

    September 30,  
    2019     2018  
Warrants     5,296,048       1,507,048  
Options     33,750       33,750  
Convertible debt     7,841,846       2,972,070  
Total potentially dilutive shares     13,171,644       4,512,868  

Net Loss per Share

 

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, plus the impact of potential common shares, if dilutive, resulting from the exercise of warrants and stock options from the conversion of convertible debt.

 

The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average diluted common shares at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

 

    December 31,  
    2018     2017  
Warrants     2,184,548       521,045  
Options     33,750       33,750  
Convertible debt     4,327,070       1,445,748  
Total potentially dilutive shares     6,545,368       2,000,543  

Major Vendor

Major Vendor

 

The Company engages various vendors to distribute food products to their Company-owned restaurants. Purchases from the Company’s largest supplier totaled 75% and 81% of the Company’s purchases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Purchases from the Company’s largest supplier totaled 81% and 77% of the Company’s purchases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Major Vendor

 

The Company engages various vendors to distribute food products to their Company-owned restaurants. Purchases from the Company’s largest supplier totaled 78% and 82% of the Company’s purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Controlling and Non-Controlling Interest

Controlling and Non-Controlling Interest

 

The profits and losses of CTI were allocated among the controlling interest and the CTI non-controlling interest in the same proportions as their membership interests from January 1, 2018 through May 24, 2018.

Controlling and Non-Controlling Interest

 

MMI used to own a 74% controlling interest in MMB through the Effective Merger Date and used to own a 70% controlling interest in CTI. The profits and losses of CTI are allocated among the controlling interest and the CTI non-controlling interest in the same proportions as their membership interests. All of the profits and losses of MMB and its subsidiaries were allocated among the controlling interest and MMB non-controlling Interest in proportion to the ownership interests through the Effective Merger Date.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

 

Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net loss.

Reclassifications

 

Certain prior year balances have been reclassified in order to conform to current year presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on the previously reported results of operations or loss per share.

Concentration of Credit Risk  

Concentration of Credit Risk

 

The Company is subject to credit risk through loan’s receivable consisting primarily of amounts due from franchisees. The financial condition of these franchisees is largely dependent upon the underlying business trends of our brand and market conditions within the quick service restaurant industry. At December 31, 2018, one franchisee accounted for 95% of loans receivable and at December 31, 2017, one franchisee accounted for 78% of loans receivable. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, a loan to a consultant, who is also a stockholder of CTI, accounted for 0% and 4%, respectively, of loans receivable.

Income Taxes  

Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740 Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and credit carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to impact taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

 

ASC 740 also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.

 

Tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return are recorded in the Company’s financial statements. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is only recognized if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Uncertain tax positions have had no impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company does not expect any significant changes in its unrecognized tax benefits within twelve months of the reporting date.

 

The Company’s policy is to classify assessments, if any, for tax related interest as interest expense and penalties as general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Stock-Based Compensation  

Stock-Based Compensation

 

The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. For employees and directors, the fair value of the award is measured on the grant date and for non-employees, the fair value of the award is generally recorded on the grant date and re-measured on financial reporting dates and vesting dates until the service period is complete. The fair value amount of the award is then recognized over the period services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

 

The Company evaluated events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation and transactions, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements, except as disclosed in Note 15 – Subsequent Events.

Subsequent Events

 

The Company evaluated events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation and transactions, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements, except as disclosed in Note 18 – Subsequent Events and Note 19 – Subsequent Event - Redomicile.