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Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies | 3. Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, such statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring items) which are considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company as of September 30, 2025, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year. It is suggested that these Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 11, 2025. The Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2024, has been derived from the Company’s audited Financial Statements. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and majority-owned subsidiary. Any intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Reclassifications Certain prior period balances have been reclassified in order to conform to current period presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on the previously reported results of operations or loss per share. Reclassification of Fair Value Gains from Other Income During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company reclassified gains previously recognized in Other income related to the fair value remeasurement of certain financial instruments into Cost of goods sold ("COGS"). The reclassification was made to better reflect the nature and function of these instruments, which are economically linked to the Company’s inventory procurement, sales activities and to be consistent with our competitors. Management determined that presenting the related gains in COGS more accurately reflects the impact of these instruments on the Company’s gross margin and provides more decision-useful information to financial statement users. This change in presentation had no impact on net income, total comprehensive income, or earnings per share for the period. The table below summarizes the effect of the reclassification on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024:
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Reclassification |  | As Reclassified |  | % Change |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| $’000 |  | $’000 |  | $’000 |  | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of goods sold | (198,708) |  |  | 5,461 |  |  | (193,247) |  |  | (2.7) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit / (loss) | 2,198 |  |  | 5,461 |  |  | 7,659 |  |  | (248.5) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on fair value remeasurement | 5,461 |  |  | (5,461) |  |  | — |  |  | (100.0) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income | 1,094 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,094 |  |  | — | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Reclassification |  | As Reclassified |  | % Change |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| $’000 |  | $’000 |  | $’000 |  | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of goods sold | (476,961) |  |  | 12,513 |  |  | (464,448) |  |  | (2.6) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit / (loss) | 3,745 |  |  | 12,513 |  |  | 16,258 |  |  | (334.1) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on fair value remeasurement | 11,995 |  |  | (11,995) |  |  | — |  |  | (100.0) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on hedge contracts | 518 |  |  | (518) |  |  | — |  |  | (100.0) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income | 3,099 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,099 |  |  | — | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates include: •the assessment of recoverability of long-lived assets, including property and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets; •the estimated useful lives of intangible and depreciable assets; •estimates and assumptions used to value warrants and options; •the recognition of revenue; •the recognition, measurement and valuation of current and deferred income taxes; and •the valuation of derivative instruments and hedging activities. Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed, and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period that they are determined to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly-liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024. Accounts Receivable Accounts Receivable consists of receivables related to Sadot Agri-Foods of $29.1 million and $18.0 million net of doubtful accounts of $2.3 million and $0.1 million as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. From time to time the Company may set aside and/or assign accounts receivables towards the acquisition of various assets. There was an Accounts Receivable, net balance of $29.1 million and $18.0 million on September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Accounts receivable is stated at historical carrying amounts net of write-offs and allowances for uncollectible accounts. The Company establishes allowances for uncollectible trade accounts receivable based on lifetime expected credit losses using an aging schedule for each pool of accounts receivable. Pools are determined based on risk characteristics such as the type of receivable and geography. A default rate is derived using a provision matrix which is evaluated on a regular basis by management and based on past experience and other factors. The default rate is then applied to the pool to determine the allowance for expected credit losses. Given the short-term nature of the Company's trade accounts receivable, the default rate is only adjusted if significant changes in the credit profile of the portfolio are identified (e.g., poor crop years, credit issues at the country level, systematic risk), resulting in historic loss rates that are not representative of forecasted losses. Uncollectible accounts are written off when a settlement is reached for an amount that is less than the outstanding historical balance or when the Company has determined that collection of the balance is unlikely. Factoring Agreements As of September 30, 2025, the Company’s total borrowings include $3.3 million related to a factoring arrangement under which the Company transfers certain trade receivables to a third-party financial institution with recourse. The Company retains the risk of nonpayment on the transferred receivables, so the arrangement does not meet the criteria for sale accounting under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, and is accounted for as a secured borrowing. Under this arrangement, the Company received $3.9 million in cash advances, which are included in Notes Payable on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The transferred receivables, with an original carrying value of $4.7 million as of September 30, 2025, payments were made by the customers and $3.8 million remain recorded in Accounts receivable as of September 30, 2025, as the Company has not surrendered control over the assets. The difference of $0.8 million primarily reflects the advances held by the factor of $0.5 million and factoring fees of $0.3 million. Factoring fees incurred in connection with the arrangement are deferred and amortized over the expected life of the borrowing as Interest expense, net in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss). The Company continues to service the receivables under the arrangement but has no obligation to repurchase the receivables except in cases of customer nonpayment. The Company remains exposed to credit losses related to factored receivables and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts as appropriate. As of September 30, 2025, the Company has pledged $3.9 million of accounts receivable as collateral under this facility. Please see Note 18 – Commitments and contingencies for additional information regarding pending litigation. Inventory Inventory, which are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, related to Sadot Agri-foods was $0.2 million and $0.7 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. Assets held for sale In the first quarter of 2024, the Company classified its Sadot food services segment as held for sale. Assets and liabilities of disposal group(s) are classified as held for sale when: •management, having the authority to approve action, commits to a plan to sell, •the disposal group(s) are available for immediate sale in present condition, •an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell have been initiated, •the sale is probable and expected to be completed within one year, •the sale is actively marketed at a reasonable price reflecting its current fair value, •and it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. The Company initially measures a disposal group that is classified as held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less cost to sell. Any impairment loss resulting from this initial measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria described above, is met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a disposal group until the date of sale. The Company assesses the fair value of a disposal group, less costs to sell, at each reporting period that it remains as held for sale, with any changes as a result of the assessment adjusting the carrying value of the disposal group, but not in excess of the cumulative loss previously recognized on the disposal group. Following their classification as held for sale, assets are not depreciated or amortized. Interest and other expenses attributable to the liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale continue to be recognized. Refer to Note 4 – Assets held for sale for more details. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated Depreciation and amortization expenses. Major improvements are capitalized, and minor replacements, maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and amortization expenses are calculated on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the lease term of the related asset. The estimated useful lives are as follows:
Furniture and Equipment | 3 – 7 years
Leasehold Improvements | 1 – 8 years
Vehicles | 5 - 10 years
Land Improvements | 3 -20 years
Intangible Assets The Company accounts for recorded intangible assets in accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC’) 350 “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other”. In accordance with ASC 350, the Company does not amortize intangible assets having indefinite useful lives. The Company’s goodwill has an indefinite life and is not amortized. The Company's goodwill and intangible assets with a finite life are evaluated for impairment at least annually, or more often whenever changes in facts and circumstances may indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. ASC 350 requires that goodwill and intangible assets be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment). Application of the impairment testing requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill and intangible assets to reporting units, and determining the fair value. Significant judgment is required to estimate the fair value of reporting units which includes estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and/or impairment. In the first quarter of 2024, the intangible assets were moved to assets held for sale. See Note 4 – Assets held for sale for additional information. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets When circumstances, such as adverse market conditions, indicate that the carrying value of a long-lived asset may be impaired, the Company performs an analysis to review the recoverability of the asset’s carrying value, which includes estimating the undiscounted cash flows (excluding interest charges) from the expected future operations of the asset. These estimates consider factors such as expected future operating income, operating trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors. If the analysis indicates that the carrying value is not recoverable from future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. Any impairment losses are recorded as operating expenses, which reduce net income. Convertible Instruments The Company evaluates its convertible instruments to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivative financial instruments to be separately accounted for in accordance with Topic 815 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). If the instrument is determined not to be a derivative liability, the Company then evaluates for the existence of a beneficial conversion feature by comparing the market price of the Company’s common stock as of the commitment date to the effective conversion price of the instrument. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company deemed the conversion feature related to notes payable was not required to be bifurcated and recorded as a derivative liability. Investments in Equity Securities (Measurement Alternative) The Company accounts for investments in equity securities in accordance with ASC 321, Investments—Equity Securities. Equity securities that have readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value, and changes in fair value are recognized in net income. For equity securities without readily determinable fair values, the Company has elected the measurement alternative. Under this election, investments are carried at cost, less impairment, adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The Company evaluates these investments at each reporting date for qualitative indicators of impairment, such as deteriorating financial condition, adverse regulatory developments, or significant declines in project viability. If an impairment is identified, the carrying amount is written down to estimated fair value and the loss is recognized in earnings; impairment losses are not subsequently reversed. When observable price changes occur for the same or similar investments of the issuer, the carrying amount is adjusted accordingly, with the change recognized in current-period income. These investments are classified as non-current within Other Non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheet, unless the Company intends to sell them within twelve months. During July 2025, the Company acquired a non-controlling ownership interest in a third-party entity engaged in carbon credit project development. The investment was acquired through an exchange of accounts receivable; therefore, the cost of the investment was based on the carrying value of the accounts receivable transferred. Because this investment does not have a readily determinable fair value, it is measured at cost under the measurement alternative. No observable price changes or indicators of impairment were identified as of September 30, 2025. Additional information, significant inputs, and Level 3 roll forward is provided in Note 20 – Fair value measurement. The following table shows the investments in equity securities:
| Amounts
| $’000
Beginning balance at December 31, 2024 | — |
Additions | 13,413 |
Adj. for observable price changes | — |
Impairments | — |
Ending balance at September 30, 2025 | 13,413 |
Related Parties A party is considered to be related to the Company if the party directly, indirectly, or through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. A party which can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or if it has an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests is also a related party. Revenue Recognition The Company’s revenues consist of Commodity sales, Restaurant sales, Franchise royalties and fees, Franchise advertising fund contributions, and Other revenues. The Company recognizes revenues according to Topic 606 of FASB, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. Under the guidance, revenue is recognized in accordance with a five-step revenue model, as follows: (1) identifying the contract with the customer; (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (5) recognizing revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In applying this five-step model, we made significant judgments in identifying the promised goods or services in our contracts with franchisees that are distinct, and which represent separate performance obligations. Seasonality There is a degree of seasonality in the growing cycles, procurement and transportation of crops. The farming industry in general historically experiences seasonal fluctuations in revenues and net income. Typically, the Company has lower sales and net income during the non-harvest seasons and higher sales and net income during the harvest season. Commodity Sales Commodity sale revenue is generated by Sadot Agri-Foods and is recognized when the commodity is delivered as evidenced by the bill of lading, physical delivery or completion of the sale contract and the invoice is prepared and submitted to the customer. During the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded Commodity sales revenues of $0.3 million and $200.9 million, respectively, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, recorded $246.8 million and $480.7 million, respectively, which is included in Commodity sales on the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss). Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue primarily includes revenue from forward sales contracts and prepayments received for future trades. Deferred revenue related to Sadot Agri-Foods is recognized at the completion of each commodity forward sales contract agreement. Other Revenues Other revenues consist of management fees received for performing certain management services under contract such as sales, purchasing, administrative and human resources. Stock-Based Expenses Stock-based expenses include all expenses that are paid with stock. This includes stock-based consulting fees due to Aggia and other consultants, stock compensation paid to the Company's board of directors, and stock compensation paid to employees. The consulting fees due to Aggia are related to ongoing Sadot Agri-Foods and expansion of the global agri-foods business. Based on the initial Services Agreement with Aggia LLC FZ, a Company formed under the laws of United Arab Emirates (“Aggia”), the consulting fees were calculated at approximately 80.0% of the Net Income generated by Sadot Agri-Foods through March 31, 2023. As of April 1, 2023, the consulting agreement was amended to calculate consulting fees on 40.0% of the Net income generated by Sadot LLC. See Note 18 – Commitments and contingencies for further details. Aggia waived the consulting fee of 40% of Net income of Sadot LLC for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Stock-based expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $0.6 million and $1.7 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $2.4 million and $4.4 million, respectively, are recorded in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss). Net Income (Loss) per Share Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Sadot Group Inc. by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Sadot Group Inc. by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus any potentially dilutive common shares, resulting from the exercise of warrants, option, calculated using the treasury stock method or the conversion of convertible notes payable, calculated using the if-converted method. The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average diluted common shares on September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 | 2025 |  | 2024
Warrants | 167,020 |  |  | 159,313 |  | 161,283 |  |  | 159,313 |
Options | 5,611 |  |  | 8,126 |  | 6,964 |  |  | 8,126 |
RSAs | 51,374 |  |  | 53,395 |  | 59,168 |  |  | 81,270 |
Convertible debt | 614,615 |  |  | — |  | 614,615 |  |  | — |
Total potentially dilutive shares | 838,620 |  |  | 220,834 |  | 842,030 |  |  | 248,709
The Company is authorized to issue 1.3 million shares of common stock. While the potentially dilutive securities shown above do not exceed the number of authorized shares, the Company is approaching its authorized share limit. Depending on future capital needs or equity activity, the Company may need to increase its authorized shares. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and dilutive net income / (loss) per share attributable to the Company’s stockholders:
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
(In thousands, except for share count and per share data) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income / (loss) attributable to Sadot Group Inc. | (15,189) |  |  | 1,163 |  |  | (13,862) |  |  | 3,268 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 871,759 |  |  | 469,335 |  |  | 659,565 |  |  | 443,607 |
Effect of potentially dilutive RSAs | — |  |  | 7,556 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,948 |
Effect of potentially dilutive convertible debt | — |  |  | 24,242 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,242 |
Diluted | 871,759 |  |  | 501,134 |  |  | 659,565 |  |  | 470,796 |
Net income/ (loss) for continuing operations per share attributable to Sadot Group Inc.: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | (17.38) |  |  | 3.89 |  |  | (21.04) |  |  | 11.23 |
Diluted | (17.38) |  |  | 3.65 |  |  | (21.04) |  |  | 10.58 |
Net income/ (loss) from discontinued operations per share attributable to Sadot Group Inc.: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | (0.04) |  |  | (1.42) |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | (3.86) |
Diluted | (0.04) |  |  | (1.33) |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | (3.64) |
Net income/ (loss) per share attributable to Sadot Group Inc.: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | (17.42) |  |  | 2.48 |  |  | (21.02) |  |  | 7.37 |
Diluted | (17.42) |  |  | 2.32 |  |  | (21.02) |  |  | 6.94 |
Major Vendors The following table sets forth the major vendors to purchase commodities for resale, purchase inputs for farming operations and distribute food products to their Company-owned restaurants:
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Number of vendors | 6 |  | 4 |  | 2 |  | 4
Type | Commodities |  | Commodities |  | Commodities |  | Commodities
% of purchases | 69 | % |  | 95 | % |  | 91 | % |  | 87 | %
Major Customers The following table sets forth the major customers:
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of customers | 2 |  | 5 |  | 3 |  | 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Type | Commodities |  | Commodities |  | Commodities |  | Commodities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
% of sales | 100 | % |  | 95 | % |  | 88 | % |  | 74 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative Instruments The Company recognizes all derivatives in the balance sheet at fair value. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s derivatives were comprised of forward purchase and sales contracts for commodities, carbon offset units, and futures and options of food and feed related commodities, traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange ("CME"). Derivatives that do not meet the requirements for hedge accounting to be applied per FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, are adjusted to fair value through earnings. If the derivative does meet the criteria in ASC 815 to use hedge accounting, depending upon the nature of the hedge, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities or firm commitments through earnings (fair value hedge), or recognized in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized in earnings (cash flow hedge). The ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value, if any, is immediately recognized in earnings. When a hedged item in a fair value hedge is sold, the adjustment in the carrying amount of the hedged item is recognized in earnings. Refer to Fair Value of Financial Instruments below, Note 18 – Commitments and contingencies and Note 21 – Financial instruments for additional information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the guidance of the FASB ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 — quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable. Level 3 — inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. See Note 20 – Fair value measurement for a summary of financial liabilities held at carrying amount including unrealized gain on derivative contracts and the unrealized loss on derivative contracts. For details related to the fair value of the unrealized gain on derivative contracts and unrealized loss on derivative contracts measured using Level 2 inputs, refer to Note 18 – Commitments and contingencies and Note 21 – Financial instruments. Investment in Equity Securities On July 22, 2025, the Company, entered an agreement to acquire an equity stake in PT Green Bomas Indonesia ("Bomas"). Bomas has advised that the project is expected to generate between 1.1 and 1.2 million carbon credits in its first issuance cycle, verified under internationally recognized methodologies. The project focuses on the restoration and long-term protection of peatland and mangrove ecosystems. In consideration, the Company paid a purchase price of $13.4 million through the assignment of accounts receivable and received 3,750 Class B shares, which is equal to 37.5% interest in Bomas. While this percentage is within the typical “significant influence” range (20%–50%), the contractual terms and governance arrangements do not grant the Company board representation, participation in policy decisions, or other indicators of significant influence. The Company will account for the Investment using ASC 321 equity securities without significant influence. The Investment in Equity Securities can be found in Other non-current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Management plans to perform an updated impairment evaluation during the fourth quarter of 2025, which will include obtaining an independent third-party valuation of the investment. This planned analysis will assess whether any indicators of impairment exist under ASC 321 and whether the carrying amount remains appropriate based on updated project assumptions, credit considerations, and market participant inputs. Convertible Debt and Embedded Features The Company accounts for convertible debt in accordance with ASC 470-20. It evaluates any embedded conversion features under ASC 815-15 to determine whether they must be separated and recorded as derivative liabilities. If the conversion feature is based only on the Company’s own stock and both the number of shares and the conversion price are fixed (the “fixed-for-fixed” rule), it qualifies for the equity exception and is not treated as a derivative. Convertible notes that meet this equity exception are recorded at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Under ASC 825, companies are allowed to measure certain financial instruments at fair value instead of amortized cost; however, the Company has not elected this fair value option for its convertible notes. Loss on debt extinguishment Loss on debt extinguishment consist of the loss related to the exchange of stock for debt repayment, which is calculated using the variance between the agreed upon price per share of stock and the fair value of the stock on the date of the exchange and the gain recognized due to writing off accounts payable that have passed the statue of limitations and no longer deemed payable. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and credit carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to impact taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. ASC 740 also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return are recorded in the Company’s financial statements. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is only recognized if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Uncertain tax positions have had no impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company does not expect any significant changes in its unrecognized tax benefits within years of the reporting date. The Company’s policy is to classify assessments, if any, for tax related interest as interest expense and penalties as Sales, general and administrative expenses in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss). Currency Translation Differences Transactions in foreign currencies are remeasured in the functional currency of the related consolidated company at the average foreign exchange rates for income and expenses. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are remeasured to the functional currency at the foreign exchange rate ruling as of the reporting period end date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are stated at fair value are remeasured to the functional currency at foreign exchange rates ruling at the dates the fair value was determined. Foreign exchange differences arising on remeasurement are recognized in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss) under Foreign exchange translation adjustment. The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including farm operations and fair value adjustments arising on consolidation, are translated to the Company’s reporting currency, United States Dollars, at foreign exchange rates at the reporting date. On a monthly basis, for subsidiaries whose functional currency is a currency other than the U.S. dollar, subsidiary statements of income and cash flows must be translated into U.S. dollars for consolidation purposes based on weighted-average exchange rates in each monthly period. As a result, fluctuations of local currencies compared to the U.S. dollar during each monthly period impact our consolidated statements of income and cash flows for each reported period (per quarter and year-to-date) and also affect comparisons between those reported periods. Non-controlling Interests The Company consolidates entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. The Company consolidates subsidiaries in which the Company holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the voting rights. Non-controlling interests represent third-party equity ownership interests in the Company’s farming consolidated entity. The Company evaluates its ownership, contractual and other interests in entities to determine if it has any variable interest in a VIE (“variable interest entities”). These evaluations are complex and involve judgment and the use of estimates and assumptions based on available historical information, among other factors. The Company considers itself to control an entity if it is the majority owner of or has voting control over such entity. The Company also assesses control through means other than voting rights (“variable interest entities” or “VIEs”) and determines which business entity is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. Management performs ongoing reassessments of whether changes in the facts and circumstances regarding the Company’s involvement with a VIE will cause the consolidation conclusion to change. Changes in consolidation status are applied prospectively. The Company has no VIEs on September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The amount of net loss attributable to Non-controlling interests is disclosed in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss). Write-off of Closed Subsidiary – Non-controlling Interest During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, the Company closed Sadot Korea, a previously consolidated subsidiary. In connection with the closure, the Company derecognized the remaining non-controlling interest of approximately $0.1 million, which represented the minority shareholders’ portion of the subsidiary’s accumulated losses. The closure did not result in a material gain or loss. Discontinued Operations As part of the Company’s stated strategy to pivot its focus to the global food supply chain sector, the Company spent 2024 fully engaged in the restructuring of Sadot Food Services. By refranchising company-owned units and closing underperforming locations while growing Pokémoto through franchising, the Company continued its restructuring efforts with the goal of reducing annualized restaurant operating expenses and overhead while potentially increasing franchise royalty revenue at Pokémoto. In early Q4 of 2024 the Company was able to close its last two corporate owned stores and reclassified the rest of Sadot Food Services to discontinued operations. The amount of loss from discontinued operations is disclosed in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss). For details related to Discontinued operations, see Note 5 – Discontinued operations. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting—Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). The standard requires incremental disclosures related to reportable segments, including disaggregated expense information and the title and position of the company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), as identified for purposes of segment determination. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Entities must adopt the changes to the segment reporting guidance on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance on December 31, 2024 did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, which focuses on income tax disclosures by requiring public business entities, on an annual basis, to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation, provide information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold, and certain information about income taxes paid. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. The adoption of this guidance on December 31, 2024 did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) ("ASU 2024-03"). The standard is intended to enhance transparency of income statement disclosures, primarily through additional disaggregation of relevant expense captions. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Entities can adopt the change prospectively or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements. In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-07, Derivatives and Hedging and Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract (“ASC 2025-07”) which applies to all entities that enter into non-exchange-traded contracts with underlyings based on operations or activities specific to one of the parties to the contract. The new guidance excludes from derivative accounting non-exchange-traded contracts with underlyings that are based on operations or activities specific to one of the parties to the contract. ASU 2025-07 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard on its consolidated financial statements. Subsequent Events The Company evaluated events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation and transactions, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the Financial Statements, except as disclosed in Note 24 – Subsequent events.

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