<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001193125-25-184432.txt : 20250821
<SEC-HEADER>0001193125-25-184432.hdr.sgml : 20250821
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250820203041
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001193125-25-184432
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		16
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250821
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250820

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001107421
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		EIN:				841475642
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-289748
		FILM NUMBER:		251238205

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		501 E LAS OLAS BLVD
		STREET 2:		SUITE 300
		CITY:			FORT LAUDERDALE
		STATE:			FL
		ZIP:			33301
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(346) 355-4099

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		501 E LAS OLAS BLVD
		STREET 2:		SUITE 300
		CITY:			FORT LAUDERDALE
		STATE:			FL
		ZIP:			33301

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ZIOPHARM ONCOLOGY INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20050919

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	EASYWEB INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20010213
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-3
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>d56842ds3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>S-3
<TEXT>
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>S-3</TITLE>
</HEAD>
 <BODY BGCOLOR="WHITE" STYLE="line-height:Normal">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August&nbsp;20, 2025 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Registration <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;333-</FONT> </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><DIV STYLE="line-height:1.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;
</DIV><DIV STYLE="line-height:3.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</DIV> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>UNITED STATES </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Washington, D.C. 20549 </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center><DIV STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</DIV></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>FORM <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>REGISTRATION STATEMENT </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><I>UNDER </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><I>THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 </I></B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center><DIV STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</DIV></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:18pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ALAUNOS THERAPEUTICS, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center><DIV STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</DIV></center>
<P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="50%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="48%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B>Delaware</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">87-1475642</FONT></B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:7pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B>(State or other jurisdiction of<BR>incorporation or organization)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B>(I.R.S. Employer<BR>Identification Number)</B></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>501 E. Las Olas Blvd., </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Suite 300 </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Fort Lauderdale,
FL 33301 </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(346) <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">355-4099</FONT> </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:7pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant&#8217;s principal executive offices) </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center><DIV STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</DIV></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Holger Weis </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Chief
Executive Officer </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>501 E. Las Olas Blvd., </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Suite 300 </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Fort Lauderdale,
FL 33301 </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(346) <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">355-4099</FONT> </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:7pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service) </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center><DIV STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</DIV></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><I>Copies to: </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Scott
Doney </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>The Doney Law Firm </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>3651 Lindell Rd Ste D121 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Las Vegas, NV 89103 </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(702) <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">982-5686</FONT> </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center><DIV STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</DIV></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:</B> From time to time after the effective date of this registration
statement as determined by the registrant. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest
reinvestment plans, please check the following box.&#8194;&#9744; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or
continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box.&#8194;&#9746; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and
list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.&#8194;&#9744; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If this Form is
a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.&#8194;&#9744;
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing
with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.&#8194;&#9744; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If this Form is a post-effective amendment to
a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.&#8194;&#9744; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-accelerated</FONT>
filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in
Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">12b-2</FONT> of the Exchange Act. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="16%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="60%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Large&nbsp;accelerated&nbsp;filer</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9744;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Accelerated filer</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9744;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="4" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="4" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="4" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Non-accelerated</FONT> filer</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9746;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Smaller&nbsp;reporting&nbsp;company</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9746;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="4" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="4" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="4" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Emerging&nbsp;growth&nbsp;company</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9744;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center><DIV STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</DIV></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or
revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act.&#8194;&#9744; </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center><DIV STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</DIV></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall
file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section&nbsp;8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become
effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section&nbsp;8(a), may determine. </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><DIV STYLE="line-height:1.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;
</DIV><DIV STYLE="line-height:3.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</DIV>
</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <DIV STYLE="position:relative; overflow:visible; width:651pt; height:30pt; transform-origin:bottom left; transform: rotate(-90deg) translate(-100%, 100%) translateX(30pt);">
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL"><FONT COLOR="#ff4338"><B>The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholders may sell these securities until
the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not
permitted. </B></FONT></P></DIV><DIV STYLE="position:relative; overflow:visible; margin-left:48pt; margin-right:48pt; transform: translateY(-30pt);"> <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><FONT COLOR="#ff4338"><B>Subject To Completion, Dated August&nbsp;20, 2025 </B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Prospectus</B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt" ALIGN="center">


<IMG SRC="g56842g03x03.jpg" ALT="LOGO" STYLE="width:3.42333in;height:0.777676in;">
 </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center><DIV STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</DIV></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:24pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ALAUNOS THERAPEUTICS, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>$50,000,000 Common Stock </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Preferred Stock </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Debt
Securities </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Warrants </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Up to $594,816 </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>in
Shares of Common Stock </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Up to 79,900 Shares of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrant </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Up to 217,390 Shares of Common Stock Issuable Upon Conversion of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Convertible
Preferred&nbsp;Stock </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Up to 227,170 Shares of Common Stock Issuable Upon Conversion of Series
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Convertible Preferred&nbsp;Stock </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center><DIV STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</DIV></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may offer and sell up to $50,000,000 of the securities described in this prospectus from time to time in one or more transactions. This prospectus
describes the general terms of these securities and the general manner in which these securities will be offered. We will provide the specific terms of these securities in supplements to this prospectus. The prospectus supplements will also describe
the specific manner in which these securities will be offered and may also supplement, update, or amend information contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, as well as the documents
incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein or therein, before you invest. We may offer these securities in amounts, at prices, and on terms determined at the time of offering. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This prospectus also relates to the sale from time to time, by the selling stockholders named herein (each, a &#8220;<I>Selling Stockholder</I>,&#8221; and
collectively, the &#8220;<I>Selling Stockholders</I>&#8221;), at prices and on terms that will be determined at the time of any such offering, of (1)&nbsp;up to $594,816 of newly issued shares (the &#8220;<I>Purchase Shares</I>&#8221;) of our common
stock that may be issued to Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (&#8220;<I>Mast Hill</I>&#8221;) from time to time pursuant to the Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of May&nbsp;19, 2025 (the &#8220;<I>Purchase Agreement</I>&#8221;), (2) up to 79,900 shares of
our common stock, upon the exercise of the common stock purchase warrant (as amended, the &#8220;<I>Warrant</I>&#8221;) issued to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;<I>Warrant Shares</I>&#8221;), (3) up to 217,390 shares of our
common stock issuable upon conversion of the 500 shares of our Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the &#8220;Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred
Stock&#8221;, and such shares of common stock upon conversion, the &#8220;<I>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Conversion Shares</I>&#8221;), issued pursuant to the terms of the Subscription Agreement, dated April&nbsp;11, 2025 (the
&#8220;<I>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Subscription Agreement</I>&#8221;) to and Water Mill Asset Management (&#8220;<I>Water Mill</I>&#8221;), and (4)&nbsp;up to 227,170 shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of
the 850 shares of our Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the &#8220;<I>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock</I>&#8221;, and such shares of common
stock upon conversion, the &#8220;<I>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Conversion Shares</I>&#8221;, and together with the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Conversion Shares, the &#8220;<I>Conversion
Shares</I>&#8221;), issued pursuant to the terms of the Subscription Agreement, dated June&nbsp;24, 2025 (the &#8220;<I>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT></I> <I>Subscription Agreement</I>&#8221;, and together with the Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Subscription Agreement, the &#8220;<I>Subscription Agreements</I>&#8221;) to subscribers set forth on Appendix A thereto (collectively, the &#8220;<I>Buyers</I>&#8221;). </P></DIV>
<p STYLE="clear:both; font-size:1pt; height:0">&nbsp;</p>
</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As previously disclosed in our SEC filings, we may elect to sell common stock to Mast Hill in an aggregate
amount up to $25,000,000 under the Purchase Agreement, over a period of up to 24 months commencing on the Commencement Date (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) and after satisfaction of other conditions in the Purchase Agreement. The Purchase
Shares and the Warrant Shares being registered under this prospectus are being registered in accordance with our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement entered into in connection with the Purchase Agreement. See &#8220;<I>The Mast Hill
Transaction</I>&#8221; for a description of the Purchase Agreement, the Warrant and additional information regarding Mast Hill. Mast Hill is an &#8220;underwriter&#8221; within the meaning of Section&nbsp;2(a)(11) of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (the &#8220;<I>Securities Act</I>&#8221;). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock were issued and sold to the
Buyers in a private offering pursuant to the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Subscription Agreement. See &#8220;<I><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock</I>&#8221; for a description of the <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Subscription Agreement and terms of the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock. We are registering the offer and sale of the
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Conversion Shares to satisfy the registration rights granted to Water Mill pursuant to the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Subscription Agreement. Water Mill and any
underwriters, brokers, dealers or agents that participate in such distribution may be deemed to be &#8220;underwriters&#8221; within the meaning of the Securities Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock were issued and sold to the Buyers in a private offering pursuant to the <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-2</FONT> Subscription Agreement. See &#8220;<I><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock</I>&#8221; for a description of the
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-2</FONT> Subscription Agreement and terms of the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock. We are registering the offer and sale of the
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-2</FONT> Conversion Shares to satisfy the registration rights granted to the Buyers pursuant to the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-2</FONT> Subscription Agreement. The Buyers and any
underwriters, brokers, dealers or agents that participate in such distribution may be deemed to be &#8220;underwriters&#8221; within the meaning of the Securities Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of our common stock by the Selling Stockholders. The Selling Stockholders may sell the shares of our
common stock described in this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. See &#8220;<I>Plan of Distribution</I>.&#8221; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our common
stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;TCRT.&#8221; On August&nbsp;19, 2025, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market was $2.24 per share. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center><DIV STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</DIV></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the
heading &#8220;<A HREF="#tx56842_4">Risk Factors</A>&#8221; beginning on page 13 of this prospectus, and under similar headings in any prospectus supplement or amendment or in any other documents incorporated by reference herein or therein. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;</B><B><I>SEC</I></B><B>&#8221;) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved
of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>The date of this prospectus is &#8195;&#8195;&#8195;, 2025. </B></P>
</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ALAUNOS THERAPEUTICS, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="toc"></A>TABLE OF CONTENTS </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="94%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><B>PROSPECTUS</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000">PAGE</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_1">About This Prospectus</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_2">Prospectus Summary</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_3">The Offering</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_4">Risk Factors</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">13</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_5">Cautionary Notes Regarding Forward-Looking Statements</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">17</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_6">The Mast Hill Transaction</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">19</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_7">Description of Capital Stock</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">25</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_8">Description of Debt Securities</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">31</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_9">Description of Warrants</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">38</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_10">Certain Provisions of Delaware Law, the Certificate Of Incorporation and Bylaws</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">40</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_11">Selling Stockholders</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">42</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_12">Use of Proceeds</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">45</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_13">Plan of Distribution</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">46</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_14">Legal Matters</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">52</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_15">Experts</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">52</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_16">Where You Can Find More Information</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">53</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx56842_17">Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">54</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_1"></A>ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> that we filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) using a &#8220;shelf&#8221; registration process for the delayed offering and sale of securities pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;). Under this
shelf process, we may offer and sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $50,000,000. The Selling Stockholders may, from time to time, offer and sell shares of our
common stock described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. Specific information about the terms of an offering will be included in a prospectus or a prospectus supplement relating to each offering of securities. That prospectus supplement
may include a discussion of any risk factors or other special considerations that apply to those securities. The prospectus supplement may also add, update, or change information included in this prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is
incorporated by reference herein were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation,
warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the
current state of our affairs. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, in any accompanying prospectus supplement or any
related free writing prospectus, or incorporated by reference herein or therein. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholders have authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different. The information contained in this prospectus and any
accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, if any, is accurate only as of the respective dates thereof, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, or any related free
writing prospectus, if any, or of any sale of our securities. It is important for you to read and consider all information contained in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, including the
documents incorporated by reference herein or therein, in making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the information in the documents to which we have referred you in the sections entitled &#8220;<I>Where You Can Find More
Information</I>&#8221; and &#8220;<I>Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference</I>&#8221; in this prospectus. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The industry and market data and
other statistical information contained in this prospectus, the accompanying prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference are based on management&#8217;s estimates, independent publications, government publications, reports by market
research firms or other published independent sources, and, in each case, are believed by management to be reasonable estimates. Although we believe these sources are reliable, we have not independently verified the information. None of the
independent industry publications used in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus or the documents we incorporate by reference were prepared on our or our affiliates&#8217; behalf and none of the sources cited by us consented to the inclusion
of any data from its reports, nor have we sought their consent. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We and the Selling Stockholders are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, our
securities only in jurisdictions in which offers and sales are permitted. The distribution of this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and the offering of our securities in certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law. Persons
outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of our securities and the distribution of this
prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement outside the United States. This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, if any, do not constitute, and may not be used in connection with,
an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor do this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, if any,
constitute an offer to sell, or a solicitation </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">1 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
of an offer to buy, securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">All references in this prospectus to our financial statements include, unless the context indicates otherwise, the related notes. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">2 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_2"></A>PROSPECTUS SUMMARY </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>This prospectus summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our securities. You should read this entire
prospectus and the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part carefully, including the financial statements and other information incorporated by reference in this prospectus, before making an investment decision. In addition, please
read the </I>&#8220;<I>Risk Factors</I>&#8221;<I> section of this prospectus beginning on page</I> <I>11 and the risk factors contained in our Annual Report. Some of the statements in this prospectus and the information incorporated by reference
constitute forward-looking statements. For additional information, refer to the section entitled</I> &#8220;<I>Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.</I>&#8221; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Unless the context requires otherwise, the words </I>&#8220;<I>we,</I>&#8221;<I></I>&nbsp;&#8220;<I>us,</I>&#8221;<I></I>&nbsp;&#8220;<I>our,</I>&#8221;<I>
the </I>&#8220;<I>Company,</I>&#8221;<I></I><I>&nbsp;and </I>&#8220;<I>Alaunos</I>&#8221;<I> refer to Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation.</I> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company Overview </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On October&nbsp;10, 2024, we announced
our continued progress and evaluation of our internally developed small molecule oral obesity program. The aim of this program is to develop a drug for obesity with a differentiated profile relative to currently marketed and in development oral and
injectable products. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have also operated as a clinical-stage oncology-focused cell therapy company developing adoptive
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">TCR-T</FONT> cell therapy, designed to treat multiple solid tumor types in large cancer patient populations with unmet clinical needs. On August&nbsp;14, 2023, we announced a strategic reprioritization of our
business and wind down of our <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">TCR-T</FONT> Library Phase 1/2 Trial. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In connection with the reprioritization, we reduced
our workforce during the third and fourth quarters of 2023, and we continue working to reduce costs in order to extend our cash runway. We continue to explore strategic alternatives, including, but not limited to, an acquisition, merger, reverse
merger, sale of assets, strategic partnerships, capital raises or other transactions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have not generated any product revenue and have incurred
significant net losses in each year since our inception. For the six months ended June&nbsp;30, 2025, we had a net loss of $2.1&nbsp;million, and as of June&nbsp;30, 2025, we have incurred approximately $922.6&nbsp;million of accumulated deficit
since our inception in 2003. We expect to continue to incur significant operating expenditures and net losses for the foreseeable future. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Small
Molecule Oral Obesity Program </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are advancing our internally developed, preclinical small molecule program for the treatment of obesity and
related metabolic disorders. This program focuses on discovering and developing novel, orally administered therapeutics with the potential for a differentiated and complementary profile compared to currently available therapies. While other pipeline
therapies for obesity explore alternative hormonal pathways such as amylin or dual <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">GIP/GLP-1</FONT> receptor agonism, our approach is focused on a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-hormonal</FONT> mechanism of
action. The program seeks to develop an oral therapeutic with the potential to address certain limitations of existing hormonal therapies, including the potential for preservation of lean muscle mass during weight loss and an improved tolerability
profile. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">During the fourth quarter of 2024, we engaged a contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) to synthesize active pharmaceutical
ingredients (APIs) for our product candidates. We have since initiated a portfolio of preclinical studies to evaluate these product candidates. Initial in vitro characterization studies conducted by a contract research organization (CRO) encountered
methodological issues related to the assay, which prevented the generation of conclusive data. This CRO has since completed the necessary method development to resolve these issues, and these studies are being repeated. In parallel, we have
conducted an in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) study of our product candidate ALN1003 and have initiated a pilot in vivo <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">proof-of-concept</FONT></FONT> (PoC) study of ALN1003 in a
diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">3 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Collectively, these ongoing studies are designed to assess our candidates&#8217; effects on key biological
pathways implicated in metabolic disease, including receptor binding, lipid accumulation, food consumption, weight loss, and the expression of genes related to thermogenesis and energy expenditure. We anticipate initial data from these ongoing in
vitro and in vivo studies will be available no later than the fourth quarter of 2025. These data are intended to inform the future development strategy for our product candidates and guide indication selection. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The advancement of this program is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties inherent in early-stage drug development. Subject to favorable data from these
preclinical studies and our ability to secure additional capital, we plan to advance a selected development candidate into formal investigational new drug (IND)-enabling studies. We intend to actively explore strategic financing and collaboration
opportunities to fund the continued development of this program. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Obesity Market </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Obesity remains one of the most pressing public health challenges globally, with rates continuing to rise across many regions, particularly in the United
States, Europe, and parts of Asia. It is closely linked to a range of comorbid conditions, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers, which exacerbates the overall healthcare burden. The obesity market is seeing
increased attention, driven by growing awareness, better treatment options, and emerging scientific breakthroughs. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The global obesity market is
experiencing rapid growth. Globally, the market size for branded obesity drugs was $6&nbsp;billion in 2023 and is estimated that it will reach $105.0&nbsp;billion by 2030. This growth is fueled by the rising obesity prevalence, evolving patient
demographics, and increasing demand for effective weight-management solutions. The shift toward more personalized treatments and the need for long-term weight management are key drivers of this growth. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The current treatment landscape for obesity consists of a combination of lifestyle interventions, pharmaceuticals, and surgical options. Lifestyle
interventions&#8212;dietary changes and physical activity&#8212;are the first-line treatment for most individuals, but many struggle to achieve and maintain significant weight loss through these methods alone. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Traditional weight-loss medications (e.g., OrlistatTM) are still used, though their side effects and modest results have limited their appeal. Newer drugs,
like <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">GLP-1</FONT> receptor agonists (e.g., OzempicTM, WegovyTM), are quickly becoming the gold standard in the market. These drugs, which mimic the action of gut hormones to promote satiety and reduce appetite, have
shown remarkable efficacy in clinical trials and are significantly improving patient outcomes. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The success of
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">GLP-1s</FONT> has led to a surge in interest from both pharmaceutical companies and patients. However, issues such as high cost, insurance reimbursement, and potential long-term side effects remain areas of concern.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The future of the obesity market is promising, with new therapies, enhanced patient targeting, and continued scientific breakthroughs on the horizon. As
the global obesity epidemic continues to grow, demand for more effective and affordable treatments will likely continue to rise. However, success will depend on overcoming challenges related to cost, access, and patient adherence. Advancements in
personalized medicine, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-invasive</FONT> treatments, and innovative drug mechanisms will shape the next phase of the obesity treatment landscape. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The obesity market today is vibrant and expanding, but still in need of accessible, scalable, and sustainable solutions to effectively manage this complex and
widespread health issue. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">4 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Historical Development and Achievements in Cancer Therapeutics </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We previously focused on developing <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">TCR-T</FONT> cell therapies for solid tumors using our
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-viral</FONT> Sleeping Beauty platform and hunTR<SUP STYLE="font-size:75%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP> TCR discovery platform. Key milestones included: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">TCR-T</FONT> Library Phase 1/2 Trial (2022-2023): Treated eight patients with
solid tumors (e.g., pancreatic, colorectal, lung). The trial showed <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">TCR-T</FONT> cells were well-tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities or neurotoxicity. Cytokine release syndrome (grades <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">1-3)</FONT> resolved with standard care. One <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-small</FONT> cell lung cancer patient achieved a partial response (13% response rate), and six others had stable disease (87% disease
control rate), establishing <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">proof-of-concept</FONT></FONT> that Sleeping Beauty <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">TCR-T</FONT> cells can result in objective clinical responses an
recognize established tumors <I>in vivo</I>. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">hunTR<SUP STYLE="font-size:75%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP> Platform: Identified proprietary TCRs targeting
driver mutations (KRAS, TP53, others) and various HLAs, expanding the TCR library for potential patient treatment. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In August 2023,
however, due to substantial development costs and a challenging financing environment, we announced a strategic reprioritization, including the wind-down of our <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">TCR-T</FONT> Library Phase 1/2 Trial and cessation of
further clinical development of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">TCR-T</FONT> programs. This involved: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Workforce reductions (approximately 95% by the end of 2023) and cost-cutting measures to extend cash runway.
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Termination of key licenses and agreements: </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="10%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">NCI patent license (effective December&nbsp;26, 2023), after internally developing proprietary TCRs via hunTR
targeting similar mutations. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="10%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">NCI CRADA (effective October&nbsp;13, 2023). </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="10%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Precigen exclusive license (fully terminated October&nbsp;4, 2024, following an amendment in April 2023 that
eliminated royalty/milestone obligations). </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Trial <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">close-out</FONT> activities, including internal processes, with ongoing
costs for long-term <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">follow-up</FONT> and regulatory obligations. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As a result, research and development
expenses related to cancer programs have significantly declined, from $11.7&nbsp;million for the six months ended June&nbsp;30, 2023, to $0.3&nbsp;million for the same period in 2025, reflecting the shift away from active oncology development. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are actively exploring strategic alternatives to maximize stockholder value, including but not limited to acquisitions, mergers, reverse mergers, asset
sales, strategic partnerships, or capital raises. These may involve monetizing cancer-related assets, such as <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">out-licensing</FONT> the TCR library or hunTR platform. We have engaged Cantor Fitzgerald&nbsp;&amp; Co.
as a strategic advisor for this process. However, there are no assurances that any transaction will be consummated, and failure to do so could lead to further operational curtailment or dissolution. Our primary focus has shifted to our preclinical
small-molecule obesity and metabolic disorder program, with ongoing preclinical <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo </I>studies. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Selected Risks Related to
our Business</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our business is subject to numerous risks, including risks that may prevent us from achieving our business objectives or may adversely
affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects that you should consider before making an investment decision. Some of the more significant risks and uncertainties relating to an investment in our company
are listed below. These risks are more fully described in the section titled &#8220;<I>Risk Factors</I>&#8221; in this prospectus and in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT> for the year ended
December&nbsp;31, 2024, and in Part II, Item 1A of our Quarterly Reports on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q</FONT> for the fiscal quarters ended March&nbsp;31, 2025 and June&nbsp;30, 2025, which are incorporated by reference into this
prospectus. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">5 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also
impair our business operations. You should be able to bear a complete loss of your investment. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Our strategic reprioritization may not be successful, may not yield the desired results and we may be
unsuccessful in identifying and implementing any strategic transaction. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">If a strategic transaction is not consummated, our board of directors (&#8220;<I>Board</I>&#8221;) may decide to
pursue a dissolution and liquidation. In such an event, the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders will depend heavily on the timing of such liquidation as well as the amount of cash that will need to be reserved for
commitments and contingent liabilities. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">We may require substantial additional financial resources to continue as a going concern, including through the
strategic review process, and if we raise additional funds it may affect the value of your investment in our common stock. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Our ability to consummate a strategic transaction depends on our ability to retain our current employees and
consultants. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Our stock price has been, and may continue to be, volatile. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Our decreasing cash reserves has resulted in our shareholder equity falling below $2,500,000 as required by
Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1), which resulted in our receipt of a delisting notice from Nasdaq. in April of 2025. While we have reestablished compliance with the listing rule based on our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended
June&nbsp;30, 2025, evidencing stockholders&#8217; equity of $3.66&nbsp;million, we remain at risk of future non-compliance if our cash reserves continue to decline or if we face unexpected financial challenges, which could lead to further delisting
actions by Nasdaq. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">We have identified a material weakness and failed to maintain an effective internal control environment, which
may result in material misstatements of our financial statements or have a material adverse effect on our business or stock price. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Our small molecule obesity program is early stage and may encounter issues with manufacturing of the active
pharmaceutical ingredient(s) or with the in vitro or in vivo studies that could preclude clinical trials or be costly to address with respect to time or money. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">For our small molecule oral obesity program or should we resume development of our
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">TCR-T</FONT> product candidates, any candidate for which we obtain marketing approval could be subject to post-marketing restrictions or withdrawal from the market and we may be subject to significant penalties if we
fail to comply with regulatory requirements or if we experience unanticipated problems with our products, when and if any of them are approved. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">For our small molecule oral obesity program, or should we resume development of our <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">TCR-T</FONT> product candidates, if we fail to obtain the necessary U.S. or worldwide regulatory approvals to commercialize any product candidate, our business will suffer materially. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">We may not be able to commercialize, generate significant revenues from, or attain profitability from our small
molecule oral obesity program or, should we resume development of, our <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">TCR-T</FONT> product candidates. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">The termination of our <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">TCR-T</FONT> related licenses and research and
development agreements could limit our ability to resume our <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">TCR-T</FONT> clinical trial or begin new clinical trials. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">We may become involved in litigation, including securities class action litigation, that could divert
management&#8217;s attention and harm our business, and insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all costs and damages. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Our product candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could delay or prevent
their regulatory approval, limit the commercial profile of an approved label or result in significant negative consequences following any potential marketing approval. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">6 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">The gene transfer vectors from the Sleeping Beauty system used to manufacture our
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">TCR-T</FONT> product candidates may incorrectly modify the genetic material of a patient&#8217;s T cells, potentially triggering the development of a new cancer or other adverse events. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">If we are unable either to create sales, marketing and distribution capabilities or enter into agreements with
third parties to perform these functions, we will be unable to commercialize our product candidates successfully. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">If physicians and patients do not accept and use our product candidates, once approved, or if we do not obtain
coverage and adequate reimbursement from payors, our ability to generate revenue from sales of our products will be materially and adversely impaired. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Our small molecule and immuno-oncology product candidates may face competition in the future from generics or
biosimilars and/or new technologies and our pending patent applications may not be granted, further limiting our ability to compete with other companies. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">If we fail to adequately protect or enforce our intellectual property rights or secure rights to patents of
others, the value of our intellectual property rights would diminish and our ability to successfully commercialize our products may be materially impaired. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Third-party claims of intellectual property infringement would require us to spend significant time and money and
could prevent us from developing or commercializing our products. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">We have and will rely significantly on information technology and any failure, inadequacy, interruption or
security lapse of that technology or loss of data, including any cybersecurity incidents, could compromise sensitive information related to our business, prevent us from accessing critical information or expose us to liability which could harm our
ability to operate our business effectively and materially and adversely affect our business and reputation. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law may make an acquisition of us, which may
be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Our amended and restated bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive
forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders&#8217; ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Because we do not expect to pay dividends, you will not realize any income from an investment in our common stock
unless and until you sell your shares at a profit. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Our ability to use net operating loss carryforwards and research tax credits to reduce future tax payments may be
limited or restricted. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">The exercise of outstanding warrants, and issuance of equity awards may have a dilutive effect on our stock, and
negatively and materially impact the price of our common stock. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Our principal stockholders, executive officers and directors have substantial control over the Company, which may
prevent you and other stockholders from influencing significant corporate decisions and may significantly harm the market price of our common stock. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">We are a &#8220;smaller reporting company,&#8221; and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to smaller
reporting companies may make our common stock less attractive to investors. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">other risks described from time to time in periodic and current reports that we file with the SEC.
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>The Mast Hill Transaction </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On
May&nbsp;19, 2025, we entered into an equity purchase agreement (the &#8220;<I>Purchase Agreement</I>&#8221;) and a registration rights agreement (the &#8220;<I>Registration Rights Agreement</I>&#8221;) with Mast Hill Fund, L.P., a Delaware limited
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">7 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
partnership (&#8220;<I>Mast Hill</I>&#8221;). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Mast Hill has committed to purchase up to $25,000,000 of the Company&#8217;s newly issued shares common stock,
par value $0.001 per share (the &#8220;<I>common stock</I>&#8221;), from time to time during the term of the Purchase Agreement, subject to certain limitations and conditions (the &#8220;<I>Mast Hill Offering</I>&#8221;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Purchase Agreement initially precludes us from issuing and selling more than 327,740 shares of our common stock, including the Warrant Shares, which
number equals 19.99% of our common stock issued and outstanding as of May&nbsp;18, 2025, unless we obtain stockholder approval to issue additional shares, or unless certain exceptions apply. In addition, a beneficial ownership limitation in the
agreement initially limits us from directing Mast Hill to purchase shares of common stock if such purchases would result in Mast Hill beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the then-outstanding shares of our common stock. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Upon the terms and subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to
sell to Mast Hill, and Mast Hill is obligated to purchase, up to $25,000,000 of common stock, at a purchase price per share equal to the lesser of (i) 97% of the lowest VWAP of the Company&#8217;s common stock, as listed on Nasdaq, on any trading
day during the period beginning on the put date and continuing through the date that is two trading days immediately following the clearing date associated with the applicable put notice (such two trading day period is the &#8220;<I>Valuation
Period</I>&#8221;), or (ii) 102% of the lowest traded price of the Company&#8217;s common stock, as listed on Nasdaq, on any trading day during the Valuation Period, on such date on which the purchase price is calculated in accordance with the terms
of the Purchase Agreement. Such sales of common stock by the Company, if any, are subject to certain limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement, and may occur from time to time, at the Company&#8217;s sole discretion, over a period of up to <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">24-months,</FONT> commencing on the date of the Purchase Agreement, including the effectiveness of a registration statement registering under the Securities Act, the resale by Mast Hill of shares of common stock that may
be issued by the Company to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement and upon the exercise of the Warrant (as defined below). The Company has agreed to file such registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 60 days from
the date of execution of the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement. We will control the timing and amount of any such sales of common stock to Mast Hill. Actual sales of shares of common stock to Mast Hill will depend on a variety
of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of our common stock, and determinations by us as to the appropriate sources of funding for the Company and our operations. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time after its commencement, at no cost or penalty, upon prior written notice to Mast Hill,
except during any Valuation Period or at any time that Mast Hill holds any shares of common stock purchased by Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As
consideration for Mast Hill&#8217;s commitment to purchase shares of common stock in accordance with the Purchase Agreement, the Company has issued to Mast Hill a warrant to purchase 79,900 shares of common stock (as amended, the
&#8220;<I>Warrant</I>&#8221;) concurrently with the execution of the Purchase Agreement. The Warrant is immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the original issuance date. The Warrant has an initial exercise price per
share of $4.00. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or
similar events affecting the common stock and anti-dilution adjustments. On June&nbsp;9, 2025, the Company entered into an Amendment No.&nbsp;1 to the common stock Purchase Warrant Issued on May&nbsp;19, 2025 (the &#8220;<I>Warrant
Amendment</I>&#8221;) with Mast Hill. The Warrant Amendment (i)&nbsp;added a floor price equal to $0.57 per share, with respect to certain adjustment to the exercise price of the Warrant in the event of any Dilutive Issuance (as defined in the
Warrant), issuance of Variable Price (as defined in the Warrant) securities and certain other events set forth in Section&nbsp;2(e) of the Warrant; (ii)&nbsp;removed the requirement to adjust the number of shares of common stock issuable upon
exercise of the Warrant in the event of a Dilutive Issuance, a Variable Price adjustment or under Section&nbsp;2(e) of the Warrant; and (iii)&nbsp;removed certain rights of the Warrant holder in connection with fundamental transactions. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">8 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We intend to use the net proceeds, if any, from the Mast Hill Offering for working capital and general
corporate purposes, including sales and marketing activities, product development and capital expenditures. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, products and technologies. The Purchase
Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement contain customary representations, warranties, conditions and indemnification obligations of the parties. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On April&nbsp;11, 2025, the Company entered into a Subscription Agreement (the &#8220;<I>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Subscription
Agreement</I>&#8221;), by and among the Company and Water Mill Asset Management ( &#8220;<I>Water Mill</I>&#8221;), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a private offering to Water Mill, shares of the Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (the &#8220;<I>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock</I>&#8221;), at a price per share of $1,000 (the
&#8220;<I>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT></I> <I>Preferred Offering</I>&#8221;) for an aggregate purchase price of $500,000. The <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Preferred Offering also relates to the
offering of the shares of the common stock issuable upon the conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the terms of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock (such shares of common stock, the &#8220;<I><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Conversion Shares</I>&#8221;). The Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Offering closed on April&nbsp;11, 2025. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Under the terms of the Certificate of Designation of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Convertible Preferred Stock (the &#8220;<I>Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT></I> <I>Certificate of Designation</I>&#8221;) filed by the Company with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on April&nbsp;11, 2025, each share of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT>
Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1,000 per share and, when issued, the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock will be fully paid and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-assessable.</FONT> The holders of Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive dividends at a rate of 10% per annum, payable in shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock. In addition, the holders of Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock, to the extent any other dividends or distributions are declared for holders of the common stock, the holders of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock will be
entitled to participate in such dividends or distributions on an <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">as-converted</FONT> basis. The holders of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock are entitled to vote alongside holders of
common stock on an <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">as-converted</FONT> basis on a 1:1 ratio as common stock, voting together as a single class, with respect to any and all matters presented to the stockholders of the Company for their action;
provided, however, that, except as otherwise required by law, holders of common stock, as such, shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Certificate of Designation. In any such vote,
each holder of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock shall be entitled to a number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock into which such holder&#8217;s shares of Series
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock are convertible pursuant to the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Certificate of Designation as of the record date of such vote or written consent (or as otherwise
required by applicable law). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Each holder of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock has the right to convert all or any
portion of the outstanding <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock held by such holder along with the aggregate accrued or accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon, at any time at such holder&#8217;s option, into
shares of common stock in accordance with the terms of the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Certificate of Designation. The initial fixed conversion price shall be $2.76 per share for
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock, subject to proportional adjustments in accordance with the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Certificate of Designation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On June&nbsp;24, 2025, the Company entered into a Subscription Agreement (the &#8220;<I>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Subscription
Agreement</I>&#8221;, and together with the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Subscription Agreement, the &#8220;<I>Subscription Agreement</I>&#8221;), by and among the Company and subscribers set forth on Appendix A thereto (the
&#8220;<I>Buyers</I>&#8221;), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a private offering to the Buyers, shares of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of
the Company (the &#8220;<I>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock</I>&#8221;<I> </I>), at a price per share of $1,000 (the &#8220;<I><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-2</FONT></I> <I>Preferred
Offering</I>&#8221;) for an aggregate purchase price of $850,000. The <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-2</FONT> Preferred Offering also relates to the offering of the shares of the common stock issuable upon the conversion of or
otherwise pursuant to the terms of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock (such shares of common stock, the &#8220;<I><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-2</FONT> Conversion Shares</I>&#8221;). The Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Offering closed on June&nbsp;24, 2025. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">9 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Under the terms of the Certificate of Designation of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT>
Convertible Preferred Stock (the &#8220;<I>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT></I> <I>Certificate of Designation</I>&#8221;) filed by the Company with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June&nbsp;24, 2025, each share
of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1,000 per share and, when issued, the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock will be fully paid and <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-assessable.</FONT> The holders of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive dividends at a rate of 10% per annum, payable in shares of Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock. In addition, the holders of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock, to the extent any other dividends or distributions are declared for holders of the common stock,
the holders of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock will be entitled to participate in such dividends or distributions on an <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">as-converted</FONT> basis. The holders of Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock are entitled to vote alongside holders of common stock on an <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">as-converted</FONT> basis on a 1:1 ratio as common stock, voting together as a single class, with
respect to any and all matters presented to the stockholders of the Company for their action; provided, however, that, except as otherwise required by law, holders of common stock, as such, shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to the
Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Certificate of Designation. In any such vote, each holder of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock shall be entitled to a number of votes equal to the number of shares
of common stock into which such holder&#8217;s shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock are convertible pursuant to the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Certificate of Designation as of the
record date of such vote or written consent (or as otherwise required by applicable law). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Each holder of Series
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock has the right to convert all or any portion of the outstanding Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock held by such holder along with the aggregate accrued or
accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon, at any time at such holder&#8217;s option, into shares of common stock in accordance with the terms of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Certificate of Designation. The initial fixed
conversion price shall be $4.49 per share for Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock, subject to proportional adjustments in accordance with the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Certificate of
Designation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Corporate Information </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We originally
incorporated in Colorado in September 1998 (under the name Net Escapes, Inc.) and later changed our name to &#8220;EasyWeb, Inc.&#8221; in February 1999. We <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">re-incorporated</FONT> in Delaware on May&nbsp;16, 2005
under the same name. On September&nbsp;13, 2005, we completed a &#8220;reverse&#8221; acquisition of privately held Ziopharm, Inc., a Delaware corporation. To effect this transaction, we caused ZIO Acquisition Corp., our wholly-owned subsidiary, to
merge with and into Ziopharm, Inc., with Ziopharm, Inc. surviving as our wholly owned subsidiary. Following the merger, we caused Ziopharm, Inc. to merge with and into us and we changed our name to &#8220;Ziopharm Oncology, Inc.&#8221; As a result,
Ziopharm, Inc. became the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, and the historical financial statements of Ziopharm, Inc. became our historical financial statements. On January&nbsp;25, 2022, we filed a Certificate of
Amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State to change our name to Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our principal executive offices are located at 501 E. Las Olas Blvd., Suite 300, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301, and our telephone number is (346) <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">355-4099.</FONT> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our corporate website address is www.alaunos.com. We make available on or through our website our periodic
reports that we file with the SEC. Information contained in, or accessible through, our website is not a part of this prospectus, and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only. The contents of our
website are not incorporated by reference into this document and shall not be deemed &#8220;filed&#8221; under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;<I>Exchange Act</I>&#8221;). </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">10 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_3"></A>THE OFFERING </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="38%"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; margin-left:2%; text-indent:-2%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Securities offered by the Selling Stockholders </B></P></TD>
<TD>We may offer from time to time shares of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and warrants. We will offer securities in amounts, at prices, and on terms to be determined at the time of the offering. The aggregate initial offering
price of the securities sold by us under this prospectus will not exceed $50,000,000 (the &#8220;<I>Primary Offering</I>&#8221;). </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="38%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">The Selling Stockholders may offer, sell or distribute from time to time up to 772,302 shares of common stock consisting of: </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="40%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Up to $594,816 of the Purchase Shares that we may sell to Mast Hill from time to time at our sole discretion
until May&nbsp;19, 2027, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="40%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Up to 79,900 Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrant, being issued to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="40%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Up to 217,390 Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Conversion Shares issuable upon
the&nbsp;conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the terms of the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="40%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Up to 227,170 Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Conversion Shares issuable upon
the&nbsp;conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the terms of the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="38%"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; margin-left:2%; text-indent:-2%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Common stock to be outstanding immediately before this offering(1) </B></P></TD>
<TD>2,205,716&nbsp;shares (as of August&nbsp;20, 2025) </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="38%"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; margin-left:2%; text-indent:-2%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Use of proceeds </B></P></TD>
<TD>We expect to use the net proceeds from the Primary Offering for general corporate purposes. We will not receive any proceeds from the resale of shares of common stock included in this prospectus by the Selling Securityholders. See &#8220;<I>Use
of Proceeds</I>&#8221; section beginning on page 43 of this prospectus. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="38%"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; margin-left:2%; text-indent:-2%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Risk factors </B></P></TD>
<TD>Investing in our securities is highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the information set forth in the &#8220;<I>Risk Factors</I>&#8221; section beginning on page 11 of this prospectus, and in the
documents incorporated herein and therein by reference. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="38%"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; margin-left:2%; text-indent:-2%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Trading symbol </B></P></TD>
<TD>Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;TCRT.&#8221; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(1) Unless otherwise noted, the number of
shares of our Common Stock outstanding prior to this offering is based on 2,205,716&nbsp;shares of Common Stock outstanding as of August&nbsp;20, 2025, excluding the following shares of common stock reserved for issuance as of that date. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">198,626 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants to purchase our Common Stock,
with a weighted average exercise price of $5.16 per share; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">215,928&nbsp;shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options under our equity
incentive plan, with a weighted average exercise price of $29.17 per share; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">217,390 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of the Company&#8217;s
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Convertible Preferred Stock; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">11 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">227,170 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of the Company&#8217;s
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-2</FONT> Convertible Preferred Stock. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Unless otherwise indicated, all information in
this prospectus assumes no exercise of the outstanding <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> and Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Convertible Preferred Stock, stock options or warrants described above. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">12 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_4"></A>RISK FACTORS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to purchase any of our securities, you should carefully consider the
risks and uncertainties described below, in the section titled </I>&#8220;<I>Risk Factors</I>&#8221;<I> in our Annual Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT> for the year ended December</I><I></I><I>&nbsp;31, 2024 (the</I>
&#8220;<I>2024 Annual Report</I>&#8221;<I>) in our Quarterly Reports on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q</FONT> for the fiscal quarters ended March</I><I></I><I>&nbsp;31, 2025 and June</I><I></I><I>&nbsp;30, 2025 (the &#8220;Quarterly
Reports on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q&#8221;),</FONT> and in other documents that we subsequently file with the SEC that update, supersede or supplement such information, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, in
any prospectus supplement to this prospectus and in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering. If any of these risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could
be materially and adversely affected and we may not be able to achieve our goals, the value of our securities could decline and you could lose some or all of your investment. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem
immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of these risks occur, the trading price of our common stock could decline materially and you could lose all or part of your investment.</I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Risks Related to Our common stock and this Offering </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares we will sell under the Purchase Agreement to Mast Hill, or the actual gross proceeds resulting
from those sales. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On May&nbsp;19, 2025, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Mast Hill, pursuant to which Mast Hill committed to purchase
up to $25,000,000 in shares of our common stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement. We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of our shares of common stock to Mast Hill
under the Purchase Agreement, although we are unable to control the market price of the common stock at the time such shares are sold or the purchase price per share that Mast Hill will pay for such shares. Our decision to sell shares of common
stock under the Purchase Agreement, if any, to Mast Hill will depend upon market conditions, the trading price of the common stock, determinations by us as to the appropriate sources of funding for our operations, and other factors to be determined
by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to Mast Hill all, some, or none of the Purchase Shares that may be available for us to sell pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Moreover, although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $25,000,000 of Purchase Shares to Mast Hill, we are precluded from
issuing and selling more than 327,740 shares of our common stock (including the Warrant Shares), which number equals 19.99% of the number of shares of our common stock issued and outstanding as of May&nbsp;19, 2025 (the &#8220;<I>Exchange
Cap</I>&#8221;), unless we obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of our common stock in excess of the Exchange Cap. If, after the Commencement Date (as defined below), we elect to sell to Mast Hill all of the Purchase Shares permitted under
the Purchase Agreement, the actual gross proceeds from the sale of all such Mast Hill may be substantially less than the $25,000,000 total commitment in light of the Exchange Cap limitation, which could materially adversely affect our liquidity.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Further, because the purchase price per share to be paid by Mast Hill for the Purchase Shares that we may elect to sell to them under the Purchase
Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our common stock during the three consecutive trading day period immediately following the exercise date for such purchase made pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, it is not possible
for us to predict, as of the date of this prospectus and prior to any such sales, the number of shares of common stock that we will sell to Mast Hill thereunder, if any, the purchase price per share that Mast Hill will pay for such shares, or the
aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases, if any. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">13 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Management has broad discretion as to the use of proceeds from our sale of common stock under the
Purchase Agreement, if any, and our sales of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock or the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, and may invest or
spend the proceeds in ways with which you do not agree and in ways that may not increase the value of your investment.</I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our management has broad
discretion over the use of proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, or the sales of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock or the Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock pursuant to the Subscription Agreements. You may not agree with our decisions, and our use of the proceeds may not yield any return on your investment. Our failure to effectively apply the net
proceeds from such sale could compromise our ability to pursue our business strategy, and we might not be able to yield a significant return, if any, on our investment of these net proceeds. In addition, the net proceeds from such sale may not be
sufficient for our anticipated uses, and we may need additional resources to progress our service offerings to the stage we expect. You will not have the opportunity to influence our decisions on how to use our net proceeds from the sale of shares
of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, or the sales of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock or the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock pursuant to the
Subscription Agreements. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>The sale or issuance of the securities registered for resale hereunder, or the perception that such sales may occur, could
cause the price of our common stock to decrease. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The sale of shares of our common stock to Mast Hill as Purchase Shares under the Purchase
Agreement will be at our sole discretion from time to time, commencing after the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement until May&nbsp;19, 2027. The purchase price for the Purchase Shares that we may sell to Mast Hill
under the Purchase Agreement will fluctuate based on the trading price of our common stock. Depending on market liquidity at the time, sales of such Purchase Shares may cause the trading price of our common stock to decrease. We generally have the
right to control the timing and amount of any future sales of Purchase Shares to Mast Hill. We may ultimately decide to sell to Mast Hill all, some or none of the Purchase Shares that may be available for us to sell pursuant to the Purchase
Agreement. If and when we do sell Purchase Shares to Mast Hill, after Mast Hill Mast Hill acquired the Purchase Shares, Mast Hill may resell all, some or none of those shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. Therefore, sales to
Mast Hill by us could result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our common stock. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are also registering for resale hereunder
up to 217,390 Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Conversion Shares issuable upon the conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the terms of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock and up to 227,170 Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Conversion Shares issuable upon the conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the terms of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock. Accordingly, our existing stockholders may experience
substantial dilution as a result of the sale of shares of common stock pursuant to this prospectus. The sale of these securities in the public market, or the perception that holders of a large number of securities intend to sell their securities,
could reduce the market price of our common stock. However, the number of shares of our common stock ultimately offered for resale by the Buyers under this prospectus is dependent upon the number of shares of common stock ultimately issued to the
Buyers. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We cannot predict if and when the Selling Securityholders may sell such shares of the common stock in the public markets. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, the purchase price for the Purchase Shares under the Purchase Agreement, or the conversion price of Series
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock or Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock, may be below the current and/or then trading prices of shares of our common stock or below the price at which our
existing shareholders purchased our common stock. The Selling Stockholders may potentially make a significant profit with the resale of the securities depending on the trading price of our securities at the time of a sale and the purchase price of
such securities by them. While the Selling Stockholders may experience a positive rate of return based on the trading price of our securities, the existing holders of our common stock may not experience a similar rate of return on the shares of
common stock they purchased due to differences in the applicable purchase price and trading price. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">14 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock by the Selling Stockholders, or
the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>The terms of the Purchase Agreement limit the amount of shares of common stock we may issue to Mast Hill, which may have an adverse effect on our
liquidity. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Purchase Agreement includes restrictions on our ability to sell Purchase Shares to Mast Hill, including, subject to specified
limitations, if a sale would cause Mast Hill and its affiliates to beneficially own more than 4.99% of our issued and outstanding common stock. Accordingly, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to sell all $25,000,000 shares of common stock
under the Purchase Agreement. If we cannot sell the full amount of the shares that Mast Hill has committed to purchase because of these limitations, we may be required to utilize more costly and time-consuming means of accessing the capital markets,
which could materially adversely affect our liquidity and cash position. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may issue additional equity or equity-linked securities in the future,
which may result in additional dilution to you. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned
operations. To the extent that we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, including securities exercisable for or convertible into shares of our common stock, our existing shareholders&#8217; ownership may experience substantial
dilution, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a common shareholder. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Although our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, our shares are likely to be thinly traded for some time and an active market may never
develop. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Although our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, it is likely that initially there will be a very limited trading market
for our common stock, and we cannot ensure that a robust trading market will ever develop or be sustained. Our shares of common stock may be thinly traded, and the price, if traded, may not reflect our actual or perceived value. There can be no
assurance that there will be an active market for our shares of common stock in the future. The market liquidity will be dependent on the perception of our operating business, competitive forces, state of the live stream and gaming industry, growth
rate and becoming cash flow profitable on a sustainable basis, among other things. We may, in the future, take certain steps, including utilizing investor awareness campaigns, press releases, road shows, and conferences to increase awareness of our
business and any steps that we might take to bring us to the awareness of investors may require we compensate financial public relations firms with cash and/or stock. There can be no assurance that there will be any awareness generated or the
results of any efforts will result in any impact on our trading volume. Consequently, investors may not be able to liquidate their investment or liquidate it at a price that reflects the value of the business and trading may be at an inflated price
relative to the performance of our company due to, among other things, availability of sellers of our shares. If a market should develop, the price may be highly volatile. Because there may be a low price for our shares of common stock, many
brokerage firms or clearing firms may not be willing to effect transactions in the securities or accept our shares for deposit in an account. Even if an investor finds a broker willing to effect a transaction in the shares of our common stock, the
combination of brokerage commissions, transfer fees, taxes, if any, and any other selling costs may exceed the selling price. Further, many lending institutions will not permit the use of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">low-priced</FONT> shares of
common stock as collateral for any loans. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We received a notice from Nasdaq that our common stock may be delisted from trading on the Nasdaq Capital
Market if we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements, including the minimum bid price requirement. A delisting of our common stock is likely to reduce the liquidity of our common stock and may inhibit or preclude our ability to raise
additional financing. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are required to comply with certain Nasdaq continued listing requirements, including a minimum bid price for our common
stock, as well as a series of financial tests relating to stockholder equity, market value of listed </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">15 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
securities and number of market makers and stockholders. If we fail to maintain compliance with any of those requirements, our common stock could be delisted from Nasdaq. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our decreasing cash reserves has resulted in our shareholder equity falling below $2,500,000 as required by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1), which resulted in
our receipt of a delisting notice from Nasdaq in April of 2025. In our 2024 Annual Report, we reported stockholders&#8217; equity of $2,063,000. While we have reestablished compliance with the listing rule based on our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the period ended June 30, 2025, evidencing stockholders&#8217; equity of $3.66 million, we remain at risk of future non-compliance if our cash reserves continue to decline or if we face unexpected financial challenges, which could lead to
further delisting actions by Nasdaq. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If our common stock is delisted by Nasdaq, it could lead to a number of negative implications, including an adverse
effect on the price of our common stock, deterring broker-dealers from making a market in or otherwise seeking or generating interest in our common stock, increased volatility in our common stock, reduced liquidity in our common stock, the loss of
federal preemption of state securities laws and greater difficulty in obtaining financing. Delisting could also cause a loss of confidence of our customers, collaborators, vendors, suppliers and employee, which could harm our business and future
prospects. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If our common stock is delisted by Nasdaq, the price of our common stock may decline, and although our common stock may be eligible to trade
on the OTC Bulletin Board, another <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">over-the-counter</FONT></FONT> quotation system, or on the pink sheets, an investor may find it more difficult to dispose of their common stock or
obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common stock. If our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq, trading in our securities may be subject to the SEC&#8217;s &#8220;penny stock&#8221; rules. These &#8220;penny stock&#8221; rules
will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our common stock. The additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by
these requirements may discourage broker-dealers from recommending transactions in our securities, which could severely limit the liquidity of our securities and consequently adversely affect the market price for our securities. Furthermore, if our
common stock is delisted, we would expect it to have an adverse impact on our ability to consummate certain strategic alternatives. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Further, if our
common stock is delisted, we would incur additional costs under state blue sky laws in connection with any sales of our securities. These requirements could severely limit the market liquidity of our common stock and the ability of our stockholders
to sell our common stock in the secondary market. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">16 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_5"></A>CAUTIONARY NOTES REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. The
forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections of this prospectus entitled &#8220;<I>Prospectus Summary</I>&#8221; and &#8220;<I>Risk Factors</I>,&#8221; as well as in those sections of our 2024 Annual Report and Quarterly
Reports on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q</FONT> entitled &#8220;<I>Business</I>,&#8221; &#8220;<I>Risk Factors</I>,&#8221; and &#8220;<I>Management</I>&#8217;<I>s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations</I>,&#8221; as applicable, but are also contained elsewhere in this prospectus. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the words &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221;
&#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;might,&#8221; &#8220;objective,&#8221; &#8220;ongoing,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221; &#8220;project,&#8221;
&#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; or &#8220;would,&#8221; or the negative of these terms, or other comparable terminology intended to identify statements about the future. These statements involve known and unknown
risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Although we believe
that we have a reasonable basis for making each forward-looking statement contained in this prospectus, we caution you that these statements are based on a combination of facts and factors currently known by us and our expectations of the future,
about which we cannot be certain. Forward-looking statements are subject to considerable risks and uncertainties, as well as other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different
from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, including: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">our ability to successfully implement our strategic reprioritization or realize any or all of the anticipated
benefits once implemented; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">our ability to raise substantial additional capital to continue as a going concern and fund our planned
operations in the near term and our strategic reprioritization in the longer term; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">our ability to successfully consummate any strategic transactions, including, but not limited to, an acquisition,
merger, reverse merger, sale of assets, strategic partnerships, capital raises or other transactions; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">estimates regarding our expenses, use of cash, cash runway, timing of future cash needs and anticipated capital
requirements; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">our ability to license additional intellectual property to support our strategic reprioritization or <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">out-license</FONT> our intellectual property and to comply with our existing license agreements; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">our ability to enter into partnerships or strategic collaboration agreements and our ability to achieve the
results and potential benefits contemplated from relationships with collaborators; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">our ability to maintain collaborations and licenses; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">our expectation of developments and projections relating to competition from other pharmaceutical and
biotechnology companies or our industry; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">our plans relating to conducting future <I>in vitro</I> testing, <I>in vivo</I> efficacy studies, and <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-clinical</FONT> and investigational new drug or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">IND-enabling</FONT> activities; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the anticipated amount, timing and accounting of contract liabilities, milestones and other payments under
licensing, collaboration or acquisition agreements, research and development costs and other expenses; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">our ability to remain listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">our intellectual property position, including the strength and enforceability of our intellectual property
rights; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">other risks and uncertainties, including those described within the section entitled &#8220;<I>Risk
Factors</I>&#8221; in our 2024 Annual Report and 2025 Quarterly Reports on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q,</FONT> and subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q,</FONT> which risk factors are incorporated
herein by reference. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">17 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This list of factors that may affect future performance and the accuracy of forward-looking statements is
illustrative, but not exhaustive. New risk factors and uncertainties not described here or elsewhere in this prospectus, including in the section entitled &#8220;<I>Risk Factors</I>,&#8221; may emerge from time to time. Moreover, because we operate
in a competitive and rapidly changing environment, it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of
factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. The forward-looking statements are also subject to the risks and uncertainties specific to our Company, including but not
limited to the fact that we have only a limited operating history as a public company. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this prospectus may not occur, and actual results could differ
materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as
predictions of future events. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the
forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assume responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities
laws of the United States, we do not intend and do not undertake an obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">You should read this prospectus, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated herein or therein and those documents filed as exhibits to the
registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">18 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_6"></A>THE MAST HILL TRANSACTION </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Description of the Purchase Agreement </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On May&nbsp;19,
2025, we entered into the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement with Mast Hill pursuant to which we have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Mast Hill up to $25,000,000 of shares of common stock (the &#8220;<I>Total
Commitment</I>&#8221; and shares of common stock sold pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the &#8220;<I>Purchase Shares</I>&#8221;), subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth therein. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This prospectus covers the resale by Mast Hill of up to $594,816 of our common stock, all of which are shares of common stock that we may sell to Mast Hill
under the Purchase Agreement from time to time over the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">24-month</FONT> period from and after the date of the Purchase Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following is a description of the material terms of the issuance and sale of securities pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. It does not purport to be
complete. This summary is subject to and is qualified by reference to all the provisions of the Purchase Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement and the Warrant, including the definitions of certain terms used therein. We urge you to read these
documents because they, and not this description, define your rights as the investor thereunder. You may request copies of these agreements, and related ancillary documents, as set forth under the section titled &#8220;<I>Where You Can Find
Additional Information</I>.&#8221; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As consideration for Mast Hill&#8217;s commitment to purchase shares of common stock in accordance with the Purchase
Agreement, the Company has issued to Mast Hill the Warrant to purchase 79,900 shares of common stock concurrently with the execution of the Purchase Agreement. The Warrant is immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the
original issuance date. The Warrant has an initial exercise price per share of $4.00. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and
distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting the common stock and anti-dilution adjustments. We also agreed to reimburse Mast Hill for certain <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">out-of-pocket</FONT></FONT> expenses incurred in connection with the transactions contemplated under the Purchase Agreement (including its legal fees and expenses), in an aggregate amount of approximately $17,500. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On June&nbsp;9, 2025, the Company entered into the Warrant Amendment with Mast Hill. The Warrant Amendment (i)&nbsp;added a floor price equal to $0.57 per
share, with respect to certain adjustment to the exercise price of the Warrant in the event of any Dilutive Issuance (as defined in the Warrant), issuance of Variable Price (as defined in the Warrant) securities and certain other events set forth in
Section&nbsp;2(e) of the Warrant; (ii)&nbsp;removed the requirement to adjust the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrant in the event of a Dilutive Issuance, a Variable Price adjustment or under Section&nbsp;2(e) of
the Warrant; and (iii)&nbsp;removed certain rights of the Warrant holder in connection with fundamental transactions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Purchase and Sale of Common
Stock </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Upon the initial satisfaction of the conditions to our right to commence sales of Purchase Shares to Mast Hill set forth in the Purchase
Agreement (such event, the &#8220;<I>Commencement</I>&#8221;), we will have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at our sole discretion over the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">24-month</FONT> period from and after the date of the
Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;<I>Commencement Date</I>&#8221;), subject to earlier termination as set forth in the Purchase Agreement, to direct Mast Hill to make purchases of Purchase Shares, as further described in the Purchase Agreement (each, a
&#8220;<I>Purchase</I>&#8221;) by delivering a Put Notice (as such term is defined in the Purchase Agreement) on any trading day (the trading day during the Commitment Period that a Put Notice is deemed delivered is, the &#8220;<I>Put
Date</I>&#8221;), so long as the lowest traded price of the common stock in the 10 trading days immediately preceding the Put Date exceeds $0.01 per share. Such sales of common stock by the Company, if any, are subject to certain limitations set
forth in the Purchase Agreement, including the effectiveness of a registration statement registering under the Securities Act, the resale by Mast Hill of shares of common stock that may be issued by the
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">19 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
Company to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement and underlies upon the exercise of the Warrant. The Company has agreed to file such registration statement with the Securities and Exchange
Commission within 60&nbsp;days from the date of execution of the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The purchase price of the
Purchase Shares that we elect to sell to Mast Hill pursuant to a Purchase (the &#8220;<I>Purchase Price</I>&#8221;) will be the lesser of (i) 97% of the lowest VWAP of the Company&#8217;s common stock, as listed on Nasdaq, on any trading day during
the Valuation Period (such price, the &#8220;<I>Market Price</I>&#8221;), or (ii) 102% of the lowest traded price of the Company&#8217;s common stock, as listed on Nasdaq, on any trading day during the Valuation Period (such price, the
&#8220;<I>Market Alternative Price</I>&#8221;), on such date on which the Purchase Price is calculated in accordance with the terms of the Purchase Agreement. The Company may at its option specify a minimum share price with respect to the common
stock (the &#8220;<I>Minimum Price</I>&#8221;) in such Put Notice. If a Minimum Price is specified by the Company in the Put Notice and the common stock trades at a price per share that is less than the Minimum Price during the respective Valuation
Period (the &#8220;<I>Minimum Price Trigger</I>&#8221;), then the number of Purchase Shares with respect to such Purchase shall automatically be reduced to the number of Purchase Sharees sold by Mast Hill prior to the first time that the common
stock traded below the Minimum Price during the respective Valuation Period. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company may direct Mast Hill, by its delivery of a Put Notice, to
purchase Purchase Shares: (i)&nbsp;in a minimum amount not less than $5,000 (calculated using 97% of the VWAP of the common stock, as reported on Nasdaq, on the trading date immediately preceding the applicable Put Date (the &#8220;<I>Initial
Purchase Price</I>&#8221;)) and (ii)&nbsp;in a maximum amount up to the lesser of (a) $500,000 (calculated using the Initial Purchase Price) or (b) 20% of the average trading volume of the common stock, as reported on Nasdaq, during the five trading
days immediately preceding the applicable Put Date <I>multiplied</I> by the VWAP of the common stock as reported on Nasdaq on the trading date immediately preceding the applicable Put Date. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">From and after Commencement, we will control the timing and amount of any sales of Purchase Shares to Mast Hill. Actual sales of Purchase Shares to Mast Hill
under the Purchase Agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock, and determinations by us as to the appropriate sources of funding for our
operations. We may ultimately decide to sell to Mast Hill all, some, or none of the Purchase Shares that may be available for us to sell pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Beneficial Ownership Limitation </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Purchase Agreement
prohibits us from directing Mast Hill to purchase any Purchase Shares if those shares, when aggregated with all other shares of our common stock then beneficially owned by Mast Hill (as calculated pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(d) of the Exchange Act,
and Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13d-3</FONT> thereunder) would result in Mast Hill beneficially owning more than 4.99% of our issued and outstanding common stock (the &#8220;<I>Beneficial Ownership Limitation</I>&#8221;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Exchange Cap </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Under applicable Nasdaq rules, in no event
may we issue to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement more than 327,740 shares of our common stock (including the Warrant Shares), which number of shares equals the Exchange Cap, unless we obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of common stock
in excess of the Exchange Cap. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Proceeds </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Because the
purchase price per share to be paid by Mast Hill for the Purchase Shares that we may elect to sell under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our common stock during the Valuation Period for each Purchase
made, as of the date of this prospectus it is not possible for us to predict the number of shares of common stock that we will sell to Mast Hill thereunder, the actual purchase price per share to be paid by Mast Hill for such shares, or the actual
gross proceeds to be raised by us from those sales, if any. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">20 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As of August&nbsp;20, 2025, there were 2,205,716 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding, which
excludes both the Warrant Shares issuable to Mast Hill and the Purchase Shares we may, in our sole discretion, sell to Mast Hill from time to time from and after the date of the Purchase Agreement pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Further,
although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may issue and sell up to an aggregate of $25,000,000 of Purchase Shares to Mast Hill, only 327,740 shares of our common stock (representing the maximum number of shares we may issue and sell under the
Purchase Agreement in light of the Exchange Cap limitation) may be sold to Mast Hill and are being registered for resale under this prospectus, which includes the Warrant Shares. If all of the shares offered hereunder were issued and outstanding as
of August&nbsp;20, 2025, such shares would represent approximately 12.99% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of August&nbsp;20, 2025. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If, after the Commencement Date, we elect to sell to Mast Hill all of the Purchase Shares (in addition to the Warrant Shares) that are available for sale by
us to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement and that are being registered for resale under this prospectus, depending on the market prices of our common stock during the applicable Valuation Period for each Purchase made pursuant to the Purchase
Agreement, the actual gross proceeds to us from the sale of all such shares may be substantially less than the $25,000,000 Total Commitment. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If it
becomes necessary for us to issue and sell to Mast Hill more shares of our common stock than are being registered for resale under this prospectus, we must first (i)&nbsp;obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of our common stock in excess of
the Exchange Cap in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules, and (ii)&nbsp;file with the SEC one or more additional registration statements to register under the Securities Act the resale by Mast Hill of any such additional shares of our common
stock we wish to sell from time to time under the Purchase Agreement, which the SEC must declare effective, in each case before we may elect to sell any additional shares of our common stock to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement. Any issuance
and sale by us under the Purchase Agreement of a substantial amount of shares of our common stock in addition to the 327,740 shares being registered for resale hereunder could cause additional substantial dilution to our stockholders. The number of
shares of our common stock ultimately offered for sale by Mast Hill is dependent upon the number of Purchase Shares, if any, we ultimately sell to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The proceeds from sales of Purchase Shares, if any, under the Purchase Agreement will depend on the frequency and prices at which we sell Purchase Shares to
Mast Hill. To the extent we sell Purchase Shares under the Purchase Agreement, we plan to use any proceeds therefrom for working capital and general corporate purposes, including sales and marketing activities, product development and capital
expenditures. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Conditions Precedent to Commencement and For Delivery of Purchase Notices </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our right to deliver Purchase Notices to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement, and Mast Hill&#8217;s obligation to accept Put Notices delivered by us, are
subject to (i)&nbsp;the initial satisfaction, at the Commencement, and (ii)&nbsp;the satisfaction, on the applicable Put Date for each Purchase after the Commencement Date, of the conditions precedent thereto set forth in the Purchase Agreement,
which conditions include the following: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the accuracy in all material respects of our representations and warranties included in the Purchase Agreement;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the registration statement that includes this prospectus (and any one or more additional registration statements
filed with the SEC that include shares of common stock that may be issued and sold by us to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement and upon exercise of the Warrant) shall continue to be effective under the Securities Act, and Mast Hill is able to
utilize this prospectus to resell all of the shares of common stock included in this prospectus (and included in any such additional prospectuses); </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the SEC shall not have issued any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the registration statement that
includes this prospectus (or any one or more additional registration statements filed with the SEC that include shares of common stock that may be issued and sold by us to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement and upon exercise of the Warrant) or
prohibiting or suspending the use of this prospectus; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">21 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">both us and Mast Hill shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants,
agreements and conditions required by the Purchase Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by such party; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">trading in our common stock shall not have been suspended by the SEC, Nasdaq, or the Financial Industry
Regulatory Authority (&#8220;<I>FINRA</I>&#8221;), or otherwise halted for any reason, and our common stock shall have been approved for listing on and shall not have been delisted from Nasdaq; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">there shall be the absence of any statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling or injunction by any
court or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction that prohibits or directly and materially adversely affects the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement or the Warrant (collectively, the
&#8220;<I>Transaction Documents</I>&#8221;), and no proceeding shall have been commenced that may have the effect of prohibiting or materially adversely affecting any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">since the date of filing of the Company&#8217;s most recent filing required under the Securities Act and the
Exchange Act, no event that had or is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect has occurred; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the number of Purchase Shares that Mast Hill is obligated to purchase under the Purchase Agreement, when
aggregated with all other shares of common stock then owned by Mast Hill beneficially or deemed beneficially owned by Mast Hill, shall not exceed the Beneficial Ownership Limitation; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the Company shall not effect any sales of the Purchase Shares under the under the Purchase Agreement to the
extent that such issuance would exceed the Exchange Cap, unless the Company first obtains stockholder approval to issue shares of common stock in excess of the Exchange Cap in accordance with applicable Nasdaq listing rules; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the Company shall have no knowledge of any event more likely than not to have the effect of causing the
registration statement that includes this prospectus (or any one or more additional registration statements filed with the SEC that include shares of common stock that may be issued and sold by us to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement and upon
exercise of the Warrant) to be suspended or otherwise ineffective; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the issuance of the Purchase Shares shall not violate the shareholder approval requirements of Nasdaq;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">on the date of delivery of each Put Notice, Mast Hill shall have received the closing certificate executed by an
executive officer of the Company and to the effect that all the conditions to such closing shall have been satisfied as of the date of each such certificate; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the common stock must be DWAC eligible and not subject to a &#8220;DTC chill&#8221;; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">all reports, schedules, registrations, forms, statements, information and other documents required to have been
filed by the Company with the SEC pursuant to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act shall have been filed with the SEC within the applicable time periods prescribed for such filings under the Exchange Act; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the Company shall have reserved the minimum number of shares of common stock required to be reserved for the Mast
Hill&#8217;s benefit pursuant to the Purchase Agreement; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the lowest traded price of the common stock in the 10 trading days immediately preceding the respective Put Date
must exceed $0.01 per share; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or liquidation proceedings or other proceedings, voluntary or
involuntary, for relief under any bankruptcy law or any law for the relief of debtors shall not be instituted by or against the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, and the Company shall have no knowledge of any event more likely than not to
have the effect of causing such bankruptcy proceedings to arise. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">22 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Covenants </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants and indemnification obligations of the parties. The representations,
warranties and covenants contained in the Purchase Agreement were made only for purposes of such agreement and as of specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the
contracting parties. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Restrictions </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">There are no
restrictions on future financings, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the Purchase Agreement, other than a prohibition on entering into certain &#8220;Equity Line of Credit&#8221; or &#8220;Variable
Rate Transactions,&#8221; as defined in the Purchase Agreement. Mast Hill has agreed not to cause, or engage in any manner whatsoever in, any direct or indirect short selling of our common stock during the term of the Purchase Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Termination </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Purchase Agreement will automatically
terminate upon the earliest of (i)&nbsp;the expiration of the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">24-month</FONT> period following the Commencement Date, (ii)&nbsp;Mast Hill&#8217;s purchase of the Purchase Shares equal to Total Commitment, or
(iii)&nbsp;the occurrence of certain other events set forth in the Purchase Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time
after Commencement, at no cost or penalty, upon prior written notice to Mast Hill, provided that Mast Hill no longer holds any Purchase Shares and such notice is not delivered during a Valuation Period. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Existing Stockholders; Dilution </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">All shares of common
stock registered in this offering which have been or may be issued or sold by us to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement are expected to be freely tradable. It is anticipated that shares of common stock registered in this offering may be issued
and sold by us to Mast Hill from time to time at our discretion over a period of up to 24 months commencing on the Commencement Date. The issuance of shares of our common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will not affect the
rights or privileges of our existing common stockholders, except that the economic and voting interests of each of our existing common stockholders will be diluted. Although the number of shares of our common stock that our existing stockholders own
will not decrease, the shares of our common stock owned by our existing stockholders will represent a smaller percentage of our total outstanding shares of common stock after any such issuance. There are substantial risks to our stockholders as a
result of the sale and issuance of common stock to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement. For additional information, refer to the sections of this prospectus titled &#8220;<I>Risk Factors</I>&#8221; and &#8220;<I>Dilution</I>.&#8221; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Effect of Performance of the Purchase Agreement on Our Stockholders </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">All 327,740 shares of common stock registered in this offering which have been or may be issued or sold by us to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement are
expected to be freely tradable. It is anticipated that Common Shares registered in this offering will be sold over a period starting on the date that the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part is declared effective and ending on
the first day of the month immediately following the 24 month anniversary of the execution date of the Purchase Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The sale by Mast Hill of a
significant amount of Common Shares registered in this offering at any given time could cause the market price of Common Shares to decline and to be highly volatile. Sales of common stock to Mast Hill, if any, will depend upon market conditions and
other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to Mast Hill all, some or none of the additional Common Shares that may be available for us to sell pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">23 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If and when we do sell shares to Mast Hill, after Mast Hill has acquired the Common Shares, Mast Hill may
resell all, some or none of those Common Shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. Therefore, sales to Mast Hill by us under the Purchase Agreement may result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of Common
Shares. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of Common Shares to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of Common Shares or the mere existence of our arrangement with Mast Hill may
make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales. However, we have the right to control the timing and amount of any additional sales
of Common Shares to Mast Hill and the Purchase Agreement may be terminated by us at any time at our discretion without any cost to us. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">24 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_7"></A>DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>The following is a summary of the material terms and provisions of our common stock and preferred stock. This summary is subject to and qualified in its
entirety by our Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, or our certificate of incorporation, our Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended, or our bylaws, the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Certificate
of Designation and the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Certificate of Designation, copies of which are included as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, and certain provisions of Delaware
law. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of our certificate of incorporation, our Bylaws, the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Certificate of Designation and the Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Certificate of Designation. </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>General </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized capital stock consists of 80,000,000 shares, comprised of 50,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001
per share, and 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. As of August&nbsp;20, 2025, there were 2,205,716 shares of common stock, 500 shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock and 850 shares
of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock issued and outstanding. Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;TCRT&#8221;. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Common Stock </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Voting Rights.</I>&nbsp;The holders of
our common stock are entitled to one vote for each outstanding share of common stock owned by such stockholder on every matter properly submitted to the stockholders for their vote. Stockholders are not entitled to vote cumulatively for the election
of directors. Because of this, the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors can elect all of the directors standing for election, if they should so choose. At any meeting of the stockholders,
a quorum as to any matter shall consist of the holders of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, except where a larger quorum is required by law, by our certificate of incorporation or by our bylaws. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Dividend Rights.</I>&nbsp;Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive ratably dividends and other distributions of cash or any other right or
property as may be declared by our Board out of our assets or funds legally available for such dividends or distributions. The dividend rights of holders of common stock are subject to the dividend rights of the holders of any series of preferred
stock that may be issued and outstanding from time to time. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Liquidation Rights.</I>&nbsp;In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation,
dissolution or winding up of our affairs, holders of our common stock would be entitled to share ratably in our assets that are legally available for distribution to stockholders after payment of liabilities. If we have any preferred stock
outstanding at such time, the holders of such preferred stock may be entitled to distribution and/or liquidation preferences that require us to pay the applicable distribution to the holders of preferred stock before paying distributions to the
holders of common stock. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Rights and Preferences.</I>&nbsp;Holders of our common stock have no preemptive, conversion or subscription rights, and there
are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of
our preferred stock. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Equiniti Group. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">See &#8220;<I>Certain Provisions of Delaware Law, the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws</I>&#8221; for a description of provisions in our certificate of
incorporation and bylaws which may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing changes in control. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">25 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Preferred Stock </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to our certificate of incorporation, our Board has the authority, without stockholder approval, subject to limitations prescribed by law, to provide
for the issuance of up to 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, and by filing a certificate pursuant to the applicable law of the State of Delaware, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each
such series, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each series and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any such series, but not below the
number of shares of such series then outstanding. We have designated 250,000 shares of our preferred stock as our Series 1 Preferred Stock, none of which are outstanding, 1,000 shares of our preferred stock as our Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock, 500 shares of which are outstanding, and 1,000 shares of our preferred stock as our Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock, 850 shares of which are outstanding. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will fix the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of the preferred stock of each series, as well as the qualifications, limitations or
restrictions thereof, in the certificate of designation relating to that series. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC,
the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stock we are offering before the issuance of that series of preferred stock. This description will include: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the title and stated value; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the number of shares offered; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the liquidation preference per share; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the purchase price per share; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the dividend rate(s), period(s) and/or payment date(s) or method(s) of calculation for dividends;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">whether dividends are cumulative <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">or&nbsp;non-cumulative&nbsp;and,</FONT> if
cumulative, the date from which dividends will accumulate; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">our right, if any, to defer payment of dividends and the maximum length of any such deferral period;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the provisions for a sinking fund, if any; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the provision for redemption or repurchase, if applicable, and any restrictions on our ability to exercise those
redemption and repurchase rights; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange or market; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which the preferred stock will be convertible into common stock,
including the conversion price (or manner of calculation) and conversion period; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">whether the preferred stock will be exchangeable into debt securities, and, if applicable, the exchange price, or
how it will be calculated, and the exchange period; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">voting rights, if any, of the preferred stock; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">preemptive rights, if any; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">whether interests in the preferred stock will be represented by depositary shares; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">a discussion of any material and/or special U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred
stock; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon the
liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">26 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any limitations on issuance of any class or series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the
class or series of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any other specific terms, preferences, rights, limitations or restrictions of the preferred stock.
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our Board could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions that could have the effect of
discouraging a takeover or other transaction that might involve a premium price for holders of the shares or which holders might believe to be in their best interests. The issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power,
conversion or other rights of holders of common stock and reduce the likelihood that common stockholders will receive dividend payments and payments upon liquidation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The laws of the state of Delaware, the state of our incorporation, provide that the holders of preferred stock will have the right to vote separately as a
class on any proposal involving fundamental changes in the rights of holders of such preferred stock. This right is in addition to any voting rights that may be provided for in the applicable certificate of designation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The transfer agent and registrar for any series of preferred stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>General </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On April&nbsp;11, 2025, the Company
entered into the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Subscription Agreement, by and among the Company and Water Mill, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a private offering to Water Mill, shares of the Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock, at a price per share of $1,000 for an aggregate purchase price of $500,000. The Preferred Offering also relates to the offering of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT>
Conversion Shares issuable upon the conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the terms of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock. The Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Offering closed on
April&nbsp;11, 2025. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The shares of our Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock, when issued or paid as a dividend, and our
common stock issuable upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the terms of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock, will be fully paid and nonassessable. The holders of the Series
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock will have no preemptive or preferential rights to purchase or subscribe for any class of our stock, obligations, warrants or other securities. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Dividends </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Holders of shares of issued and
outstanding Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, whether or not declared by our Board and whether or not there are funds legally available for the payment of dividends, cumulative dividends
accrued on a daily basis in arrears at the rate of 10% per annum per share on the sum of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Stated Value (as defined below) thereof plus all unpaid accrued and accumulated dividends thereon;
provided, that to the extent not paid on the last day of March, June, September, and December of each calendar year (each, a &#8220;<I>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Dividend Payment Date</I>&#8221;), all accrued dividends on any
share of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock shall accumulate and compound on the applicable Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Dividend Payment Date whether or not declared by the Board and shall
remain accumulated, compounding dividends until paid pursuant thereto or conversion of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock. The initial stated value per share (the &#8220;<I>Series
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT></I> <I>Stated Value</I>&#8221;) shall be $1,000, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations, or similar transaction with respect to the Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock. Dividends will be payable in kind through the issuance of additional shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, the holders of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock, to the extent any other dividends or distributions are
declared for holders of the common stock, the holders of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock will be entitled to participate </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">27 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
in such dividends or distributions on an <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">as-converted</FONT> basis, subject to certain limitations set forth in the
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Certificate of Designation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Liquidation </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Upon any liquidation, dissolution or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">winding-up</FONT> of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or certain deemed
liquidation events, the holders of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive out of our assets, an amount equal to the aggregate Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Stated Value
of all shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock held by such holder, plus all unpaid accrued and accumulated dividends on all such shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock
(whether or not declared), before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of the common stock and any other class of securities that is specifically designated as junior to the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT>
Preferred Stock, and if the our assets shall be insufficient to pay in full such amounts, then the entire assets to be distributed to the holders of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock shall be ratably distributed
among the holders in accordance with the respective amounts that would be payable on such shares if all amounts payable thereon were paid in full. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Voting Rights </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The holders of Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock are entitled to vote alongside holders of common stock on an <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">as-converted</FONT> basis on a 1:1 ratio as common stock, voting together as a single class, with
respect to any and all matters presented to the stockholders of the Company for their action; provided, however, that, except as otherwise required by law, holders of common stock, as such, shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to the
Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Certificate of Designation. In any such vote, each holder of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock shall be entitled to a number of votes equal to the number of shares
of common stock into which such holder&#8217;s shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock are convertible pursuant to the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Certificate of Designation as of the
record date of such vote or written consent (or as otherwise required by applicable law). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Conversions </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Subject to the provisions of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Certificate of Designation, the holder of Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock may, at its option, at any time and from time to time, convert all or any portion of outstanding shares of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock then held by
such holder, along with the aggregate accrued or accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon, into shares of common stock. Each share of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock is convertible into such number of shares of
common stock equal to (i)&nbsp;the sum of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Stated Value plus all accrued and accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon, divided by (ii)&nbsp;the conversion price in effect immediately prior
to&nbsp;such conversion. The initial conversion price per share of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock shall be $2.76. The conversion price is subject to adjustment in the event of (a)&nbsp;payment of dividend or other
distribution upon the common stock or any other capital stock of the Company payable in shares of common stock or in options or convertible securities of the Company, (b)&nbsp;subdivision or combination of the Company&#8217;s outstanding shares of
common stock, or (c)&nbsp;reorganization, reclassification, consolidation, or merger involving the Company. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, each share of Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock shall automatically convert into fully paid and nonassessable shares of the common stock, at the conversion price, without any action required by the holder of the Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined in the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Certificate of Designation). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Limitations on Conversion </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">No party may convert
any shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock or otherwise issue shares on account of such shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock if, as a result of the conversion or issuance,
a holder and its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the shares of our common stock. However, upon 61 days&#8217; advance notice to us, a holder may increase the limit of beneficially owned shares of our common stock from 4.99%
to any amount up 9.99% of the shares of our common stock. In the event that the issuance of shares of Common Stock to a holder upon conversion of, or otherwise on account, the shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred
Stock results in such </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">28 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
holder and its affiliates being deemed to beneficially own, in the aggregate, more than the maximum percentage described in the preceding sentence of the number of outstanding shares of our
Common Stock (as determined under Section&nbsp;13(d) of the Exchange Act), the number of shares so issued by which the holder&#8217;s and its affiliates&#8217; aggregate beneficial ownership exceeds such maximum percentage will be deemed null and
void and will be cancelled ab initio, and the holder will not have the power to vote or to transfer such excess shares. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Exchange Listing
</I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">There is no established public trading market for the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock, and we do not expect a
market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to list the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of
the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock will be limited. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred
Stock </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>General </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On June&nbsp;24, 2025, the
Company entered into the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Subscription Agreement, by and among the Company and the Buyers, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a private offering to the Buyers, shares of the
Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock, at a price per share of $1,000 for an aggregate purchase price of $850,000. The Preferred Offering also relates to the offering of the Series
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Conversion Shares issuable upon the conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the terms of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock. The Series
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Offering closed on June&nbsp;24, 2025. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The shares of our Series
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock, when issued or paid as a dividend, and our common stock issuable upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the terms of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred
Stock, will be fully paid and nonassessable. The holders of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock will have no preemptive or preferential rights to purchase or subscribe for any class of our stock, obligations,
warrants or other securities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Dividends </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Holders of shares of issued and outstanding Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, whether or not declared
by our Board and whether or not there are funds legally available for the payment of dividends, cumulative dividends accrued on a daily basis in arrears at the rate of 10% per annum per share on the sum of the Stated Value (as defined below) thereof
plus all unpaid accrued and accumulated dividends thereon; provided, that to the extent not paid on the last day of March, June, September, and December of each calendar year (each, a &#8220;<I>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT></I>
<I>Dividend Payment Date</I>&#8221;), all accrued dividends on any share of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock shall accumulate and compound on the applicable Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT>
Dividend Payment Date whether or not declared by the Board and shall remain accumulated, compounding dividends until paid pursuant thereto or conversion of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock. The initial stated
value per share (the &#8220;<I>Stated Value</I>&#8221;) shall be $1,000, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations, or similar transaction with respect to the Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock. Dividends will be payable in kind through the issuance of additional shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, the holders of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock, to the extent any other dividends or distributions are
declared for holders of the common stock, the holders of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock will be entitled to participate in such dividends or distributions on an <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">as-converted</FONT>
basis, subject to certain limitations set forth in the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-2</FONT> Certificate of Designation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Liquidation </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Upon any liquidation, dissolution or <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">winding-up</FONT> of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or certain deemed liquidation events, the holders of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive
out of our assets, an amount equal to the aggregate Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Stated Value of all shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock held
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">29 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
by such holder, plus all unpaid accrued and accumulated dividends on all such shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock (whether or not declared), before any
distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of the common stock and any other class of securities that is specifically designated as junior to the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock, and if the our assets
shall be insufficient to pay in full such amounts, then the entire assets to be distributed to the holders of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock shall be ratably distributed among the holders in accordance with the
respective amounts that would be payable on such shares if all amounts payable thereon were paid in full. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Voting Rights </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The holders of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock are entitled to vote alongside holders of common stock on an <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">as-converted</FONT> basis on a 1:1 ratio as common stock, voting together as a single class, with respect to any and all matters presented to the stockholders of the Company for their action; provided, however, that,
except as otherwise required by law, holders of common stock, as such, shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Certificate of Designation. In any such vote, each holder of Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock shall be entitled to a number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock into which such holder&#8217;s shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock
are convertible pursuant to the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Certificate of Designation as of the record date of such vote or written consent (or as otherwise required by applicable law). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Conversions </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Subject to the provisions of the
Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Certificate of Designation, the holder of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock may, at its option, at any time and from time to time, convert all or any portion of
outstanding shares of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock then held by such holder, along with the aggregate accrued or accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon, into shares of common stock. Each share of Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock is convertible into such number of shares of common stock equal to (i)&nbsp;the sum of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Stated Value plus all accrued and accumulated and
unpaid dividends thereon, divided by (ii)&nbsp;the conversion price in effect immediately prior to such conversion. The initial conversion price per share of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock shall be $4.49. The
conversion price is subject to adjustment in the event of (a)&nbsp;payment of dividend or other distribution upon the common stock or any other capital stock of the Company payable in shares of common stock or in options or convertible securities of
the Company, (b)&nbsp;subdivision or combination of the Company&#8217;s outstanding shares of common stock, or (c)&nbsp;reorganization, reclassification, consolidation, or merger involving the Company. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, each share of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock shall automatically convert into fully paid and nonassessable
shares of the common stock, at the conversion price, without any action required by the holder of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined in the Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Certificate of Designation). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Exchange Listing </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">There is no established public trading market for the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock, and we do not expect a market to
develop. In addition, we do not intend to list the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock will be limited. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">30 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_8"></A>DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may issue debt securities from time to time, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt.
While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus
supplement. The terms of any debt securities offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. Unless the context requires otherwise, whenever we refer to the indenture, we also are referring to any supplemental
indentures that specify the terms of a particular series of debt securities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will issue the debt securities under the indenture that we will enter
into with the trustee named in the indenture. The indenture will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or the Trust Indenture Act. Supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt
securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following summary of material provisions of the debt securities and the indenture is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, all of the
provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses related to the debt securities that we may offer under this
prospectus, as well as the complete indenture that contains the terms of the debt securities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>General </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The indenture does not limit the amount of debt securities that we may issue. It provides that we may issue debt securities up to the principal amount that we
may authorize and may be in any currency or currency unit that we may designate. Except for the limitations on consolidation, merger and sale of all or substantially all of our assets contained in the indenture, the terms of the indenture do not
contain any negative covenants or other provisions designed to give holders of any debt securities protection against changes in our operations, financial condition or transactions involving us. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may issue the debt securities issued under the indenture as &#8220;discount securities,&#8221; which means they may be sold at a discount below their
stated principal amount. These debt securities, as well as other debt securities that are not issued at a discount, may be issued with &#8220;original issue discount,&#8221; or OID, for U.S. federal income tax purposes because of interest payment
and other characteristics or terms of the debt securities. Material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to debt securities issued with OID will be described in more detail in any applicable prospectus supplement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of debt securities being offered, including: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the title of the series of debt securities; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any limit upon the aggregate principal amount that may be issued; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the maturity date or dates; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the form of the debt securities of the series; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the applicability of any guarantees; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">whether the debt securities rank as senior debt, senior subordinated debt, subordinated debt or any combination
thereof, and the terms of any subordination; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">31 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">if the price (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount thereof) at which such debt securities
will be issued is a price other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount thereof payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof, or if applicable, the portion of the principal amount of such debt
securities that is convertible into another security or the method by which any such portion shall be determined; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the interest rate or rates, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date
interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">if applicable, the date or dates after which, or the period or periods during which, and the price or prices at
which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption provisions; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the date or dates, if any, on which, and the price or prices at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory
sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder&#8217;s option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and
any integral multiple thereof; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any and all terms, if applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the debt securities of that series
and any security for our obligations with respect to such debt securities and any other terms which may be advisable in connection with the marketing of debt securities of that series; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">whether the debt securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of a global security or
securities; the terms and conditions, if any, upon which such global security or securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for other individual securities; and the depositary for such global security or securities; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">if applicable, the provisions relating to conversion or exchange of any debt securities of the series and the
terms and conditions upon which such debt securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at our option or the
holders&#8217; option) conversion or exchange features, the applicable conversion or exchange period and the manner of settlement for any conversion or exchange; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">if other than the full principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of debt securities of the
series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">additions to or changes in the covenants applicable to the particular debt securities being issued, including,
among others, the consolidation, merger or sale covenant; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">additions to or changes in the events of default with respect to the securities and any change in the right of
the trustee or the holders to declare the principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, with respect to such securities to be due and payable; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">additions to or changes in or deletions of the provisions relating to covenant defeasance and legal defeasance;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">additions to or changes in the provisions relating to satisfaction and discharge of the indenture;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">additions to or changes in the provisions relating to the modification of the indenture both with and without the
consent of holders of debt securities issued under the indenture; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the currency of payment of debt securities if other than U.S. dollars and the manner of determining the
equivalent amount in U.S. dollars; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">32 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">whether interest will be payable in cash or additional debt securities at our or the holders&#8217; option and
the terms and conditions upon which the election may be made; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the terms and conditions, if any, upon which we will pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if
any and principal amounts of the debt securities of the series to any holder that is not a &#8220;United States person&#8221; for federal tax purposes; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the debt securities of the series; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, any
other additions or changes in the provisions of the indenture, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Conversion or Exchange Rights </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will set forth in the
applicable prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or our other securities. We will include provisions as to settlement upon conversion or exchange and whether
conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our common stock or our other securities that the holders of the series of debt securities receive
would be subject to adjustment. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Consolidation, Merger or Sale </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the indenture will not contain any covenant that
restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of our assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety. However, upon any such consolidation or merger (in each case, if Alaunos is not the survivor
of such transaction) or any such sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition (other than a subsidiary of ours) the successor or acquiror must assume all of our obligations under the indenture or the debt securities, as appropriate. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Events of Default under the Indenture </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Unless we provide
otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the following are events of default under the indenture with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">if we fail to pay any installment of interest on any series of debt securities, as and when the same shall become
due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by us in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental thereto shall not constitute a default in
the payment of interest for this purpose; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">if we fail to pay the principal of, or premium, if any, on any series of debt securities as and when the same
shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to such series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the
maturity of such debt securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental thereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal or premium, if any; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant or agreement contained in the debt securities or the
indenture, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90 days after we receive written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such is a notice
of default thereunder, from the trustee or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet
point above, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">33 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal of, premium, if any,
and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs with respect to us, the principal amount of and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then
outstanding shall be due and payable without any notice or other action on the part of the trustee or any holder. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The holders of a majority in principal
amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences if we have paid or deposited with the trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments
of principal and interest upon all the debt securities of that series that shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration, except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured
the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Subject to the terms of the
indenture, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the
applicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method
and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act, the trustee need not take any action that might involve it
in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the proceeding. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">A holder of the debt securities of
any series will have the right to institute a proceeding under the indenture or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies only if: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the holder has given written notice to the trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have
made written request, </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">such holders have offered to the trustee indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities
to be incurred by the trustee in compliance with the request; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the trustee does not institute the proceeding, and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90 days after the notice, request and offer. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest
on, the debt securities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will periodically file statements with the trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indenture. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Modification of Indenture; Waiver </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We and the trustee may
change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to specific matters: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture or in the debt securities of any series;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">to comply with the provisions described above under &#8220;<I>Description of Debt Securities &#8212;
Consolidation, Merger or Sale</I>;&#8221; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">34 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">to provide for uncertificated debt securities in addition to or in place of certificated debt securities;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">to add to our covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or
provisions for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of debt securities, to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of
default or to surrender any right or power conferred upon us in the indenture; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms,
or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of debt securities, as set forth in the indenture; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">to make any change that does not adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series in
any material respect; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the debt securities of any
series as provided above under &#8220;<I>Description of Debt Securities &#8212; General</I>&#8221; to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of the indenture or any series of debt securities, or to
add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment under any indenture by a successor trustee; or
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust
Indenture Act. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, under the indenture, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and
the&nbsp;trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the&nbsp;outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement
applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we and the trustee may make the following changes only with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">extending the fixed maturity of any debt securities of any series;</P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any
premium payable upon the redemption of any series of any debt securities; or </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment,
supplement, modification or waiver. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Discharge </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The indenture provides that we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except for specified
obligations, including obligations to: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">provide for payment; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">pay principal of and premium and interest on any debt securities of the series; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">maintain paying agent agreements; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">recover excess money held by the trustee; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">compensate and indemnify the trustee; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">appoint any successor trustee. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">35 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with the trustee money or government
obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium, if any, and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Form, Exchange and Transfer </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will issue the debt
securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indenture provides that we may issue
debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, or another depositary named by us and identified in the applicable
prospectus supplement with respect to that series. To the extent the debt securities of a series are issued in global form and as book-entry, a description of terms relating to any book-entry securities will be set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the
applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Subject to the terms of the indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the
debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security
registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will impose no service charge for any registration of transfer
or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security
registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a
change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of that series during a period beginning at the
opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of less than all outstanding debt securities of the same series that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except
the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Information Concerning the Trustee </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are
specifically set forth in the applicable indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to this
provision, the trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indenture at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities
that it might incur. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">36 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Payment and Paying Agents </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date
to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us,
except that unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make interest payments by check that we will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable
prospectus supplement, we will designate the corporate trust office of the trustee as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any other paying agents
that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">All money we pay to a paying agent or the trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed
at the end of two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Governing Law </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The indenture and the debt securities will
be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">37 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_9"></A>DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplement and in any related free writing
prospectus that we may authorize to be distributed to you, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, which may consist of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt
securities and be issued in one or more series. Warrants may be offered independently or in combination with common stock, preferred stock or debt securities offered by any prospectus supplement. While the terms we have summarized below will apply
generally to any warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The following description of warrants will apply to the
warrants offered by this prospectus unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement for a particular series of warrants may specify different or additional terms. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the
SEC, the form of warrant and/or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, that describe the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering, and any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of such warrants. The
following summaries of material terms and provisions of the warrants are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the form of warrant and/or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, and
any supplemental agreements applicable to a particular series of warrants that we may offer under this prospectus. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement related to the particular series of warrants that we may offer under this
prospectus, as well as any related free writing prospectuses, and the complete form of warrant and/or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, and any supplemental agreements, that contain the terms of the warrants. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>General </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will describe in the applicable prospectus
supplement the terms of the series of warrants being offered, including: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the currency for which the warrants may be purchased; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of
warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon
exercise of one warrant and the price at, and currency in which, this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of shares of common stock or
preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreements and
the warrants; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise
of the warrants; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the manner in which the warrant agreements and warrants may be modified; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">38 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">a discussion of any material or special U.S. federal income tax considerations of holding or exercising the
warrants; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon
such exercise, including: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the right to receive payments of principal of, or premium,
if any, or interest on, the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture; or </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or,
payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise voting rights, if any. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Exercise of Warrants </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe
in the applicable prospectus supplement. The warrants may be exercised as set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants offered. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, warrants may be exercised at any
time up to the close of business on the expiration date set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants offered thereby. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Upon receipt of payment and the warrant or warrant certificate, as applicable, properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the
warrant agent, if any, or any other office, including ours, indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as practicable, issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If less than all of the warrants (or the warrants
represented by such warrant certificate) are exercised, a new warrant or a new warrant certificate, as applicable, will be issued for the remaining warrants. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Governing Law </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Unless we otherwise specify in the
applicable prospectus supplement, the warrants and any warrant agreements will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Each
warrant agent, if any, will act solely as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent
for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or
otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise, and receive the securities
purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">39 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_10"></A>CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF DELAWARE LAW, </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>THE CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Limitations on Directors&#8217; Liability </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our
certificate of incorporation and our bylaws contain provisions indemnifying our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law. In addition, as permitted by Delaware law, our certificate of incorporation provides that no director will
be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of certain fiduciary duties as a director. The effect of this provision is to restrict our rights and the rights of our stockholders in derivative suits to recover monetary damages
against a director for breach of certain fiduciary duties as a director, except that a director will be personally liable for: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the benefits to be derived from relationships with our collaborators; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any breach of his or her duty of loyalty to the registrant or its stockholders; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">acts or omissions not in good faith which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the payment of dividends or the redemption or purchase of stock in violation of Delaware law; or
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This provision does not affect a director&#8217;s liability under the federal securities laws. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">To the extent that our directors, officers and controlling persons are indemnified under the provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation,
Delaware law or contractual arrangements against liabilities arising under the Securities Act, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act, and is therefore
unenforceable. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Provisions that May Have an Anti-Takeover Effect </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Certain provisions set forth in our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and in Delaware law, which are summarized below, are intended to enhance the
likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of our board of directors and in the policies formulated by our board of directors and to discourage certain types of transactions that may involve an actual or threatened change of control.
In that regard, these provisions are designed to reduce our vulnerability to an unsolicited acquisition proposal. The provisions also are intended to discourage certain tactics that may be used in proxy fights. However, such provisions could have
the effect of discouraging others from making tender offers for shares of our common stock and, as a consequence, they also may inhibit fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that could result from actual or rumored takeover attempts.
Such provisions also may have the effect of preventing changes in our management. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Blank Check Preferred Stock.</I>&nbsp;Our certificate of
incorporation contains provisions that permit our board of directors to issue, without any further vote or action by the stockholders, up to 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and, with respect to each such series, to fix the
number of shares constituting the series and the designation of the series, the voting powers (if any) of the shares of the series, and the preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights, if any, and any qualifications,
limitations or restrictions, of the shares of such series. As a result, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a
transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Special
Meetings of Stockholders.</I>&nbsp;Our bylaws provide that special meetings of stockholders may be called only by the board of directors. Stockholders are not permitted to call a special meeting of stockholders or to require that the board of
directors call such a special meeting. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">40 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Delaware Takeover Statute. </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are subject to Section&nbsp;203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or DGCL, which regulates acquisitions of some Delaware corporations. In general,
Section&nbsp;203 prohibits, with some exceptions, a Delaware corporation that is a public company from engaging in any &#8220;business combination&#8221; with any &#8220;interested stockholder&#8221; for a period of three years following the date
that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, unless: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">prior to such date, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the
transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">on consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the
interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding those shares owned (x)&nbsp;by persons who are
directors and also officers and (y)&nbsp;by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">on or subsequent to such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at
an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Section&nbsp;203 of the DGCL defines &#8220;business combination&#8221; to include: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the
interested stockholder; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any
stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock
of any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other
financial benefits provided by or through the corporation. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In general, Section&nbsp;203 defines an &#8220;interested shareholder&#8221;
as an entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated with such entity or person. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">41 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_11"></A>SELLING STOCKHOLDERS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This prospectus relates to the possible resale from time to time (i)&nbsp;by Mast Hill of any or all of the shares of our common stock that have been or may
be issued or sold by us to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement and an additional 79,900 shares of our common stock, upon the exercise of the Warrant, (ii)&nbsp;by Water Mill of up to 217,390 shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of
or otherwise pursuant to the terms of our <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock, and (ii)&nbsp;by the Buyers of up to 227,170 shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the terms
of our Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock. All such shares of common stock that are being registered under the Securities Act for resale by the Selling Stockholders in this offering are expected to be freely tradable.
The resale by the Selling Stockholders of a significant number of shares of our common stock that are registered for resale in this offering at any given time, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our common
stock to decline and to be highly volatile. We are filing the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part to satisfy the registration rights granted to Mast Hill pursuant to the provisions of the Registration Rights Agreement, and
to Water Mill and the Buyers pursuant to the provisions of the Subscription Agreements. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Mast Hill </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Sales of Purchase Shares, if any, to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions, the trading price of the common stock,
determinations by us as to the appropriate sources of funding for our operations, and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell Mast Hill all, some, or none of the Purchase Shares that may be available for us to sell to
Mast Hill pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. If and when we do elect to sell Purchase Shares to Mast Hill, Mast Hill may resell all, some, or none of those shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion, and such resales may be at
different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares of our common stock from Mast Hill in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and different
outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares of our common stock they purchase from Mast Hill as a result of future sales made by us to Mast Hill at prices lower than the prices such investors
paid for their shares of our common stock in this offering. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of Purchase Shares to Mast Hill, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of those shares, or the mere existence of our
arrangement with Mast Hill, may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $25,000,000 of Purchase Shares to Mast Hill, only 327,740 shares of our common
stock (representing the maximum number of shares we may issue and sell under the Exchange Cap limitation) are being registered for resale under this prospectus, which includes the 79,900 Warrant Shares. If, after the Commencement Date, we elect to
issue and sell to Mast Hill all shares of common stock being registered for resale under this prospectus, the actual gross proceeds from the sale of all such shares may be substantially less than the $25,000,000 available to us under the Purchase
Agreement, depending on the market prices of our common stock during each applicable Valuation Period. If it becomes necessary for us to issue and sell to Mast Hill more shares than are being registered for resale under this prospectus in order to
receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to $25,000,000, we must first obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of common stock in excess of the Exchange Cap in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules. The number of shares of our common stock
ultimately offered for sale by Mast Hill is dependent upon the number of Purchase Shares, if any, we ultimately sell to Mast Hill under the Purchase Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock Holder </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The shares of Common Stock being offered by holder of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock are those issuable to Water Mill, upon
conversion of, or otherwise pursuant to, the terms of shares of our Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock, issued by the Company to Water Mill pursuant to the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT>
Subscription Agreement. Because the conversion price </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">42 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock may be adjusted, the number of shares of common stock that will actually be issued upon the conversion of or otherwise
pursuant to the terms of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock cannot be ascertained at this time. In addition, under the terms of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock, a holder may
not convert the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock if such holder or any of its affiliates would beneficially own (to the extent that after giving effect to such conversion) a number of shares of common stock which
would exceed 4.99% (which may be increased up to 9.99% upon prior notice from the holder of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock to us) of the shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to
such conversion (&#8220;<I>Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Beneficial Ownership Limitation</I>&#8221;). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock Holders </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The shares of Common Stock being offered by holders of Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock are those issuable to the Buyers, upon conversion of, or otherwise pursuant to, the terms of shares of our Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock, issued by the
Company to the Buyers pursuant to the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Subscription Agreement. Because the conversion price of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock may be adjusted, the number of
shares of common stock that will actually be issued upon the conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the terms of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock cannot be ascertained at this time. The Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Certificate of Designation does not contain a beneficial ownership limitation similar to Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Beneficial Ownership Limitation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The table below presents information regarding the Selling Stockholders and the shares of common stock that it may from time to time offer for resale under
this prospectus. The table is prepared based on information supplied to us by the Selling Stockholders, and reflects its holdings as of August&nbsp;20, 2025. The number of shares in the column &#8220;Maximum Number of Shares of Common Stock to be
Offered Pursuant to this Prospectus&#8221; represents all of the shares of common stock that the Selling Stockholders may offer for resale under this prospectus, and is comprised of the Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrant we have issued to
Mast Hill, the additional shares of Common Stock we may sell to Mast Hill from time to time as Purchase Shares under the Purchase Agreement, subject to the Exchange Cap limitation, and shares of the common stock upon the conversion of all
outstanding shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock into shares of common stock pursuant to the Certificate of Designation. The Selling Stockholders may sell some, all or none of the shares it receives in this
offering. We do not know how long the Selling Stockholders will hold the shares before selling them, and we currently have no agreements, arrangements or understandings with the Selling Stockholders regarding the sale of any of the shares. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13d-3(d)</FONT> promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act, and
includes shares of our common stock with respect to which the Selling Stockholders have voting and investment power. Because the purchase price of the shares of common stock issuable under the Purchase Agreement is determined on the date of each Put
Notice, the number of shares that we may actually sell under the Purchase Agreement may be fewer than the number of shares being offered by this prospectus.</P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="47%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Name of Selling</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Stockholder</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Number&nbsp;of&nbsp;Shares&nbsp;of</B><br><B>Common Stock</B><br><B>Owned</B><br><B>Prior to Offering</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Maximum&nbsp;Number&nbsp;of&nbsp;Shares<BR>of Common</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Stock to be</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Offered</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Pursuant to</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>this</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Prospectus (1)</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Number of Shares of</B><br><B>Common Stock Owned</B><br><B>After Offering</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"><B>Number</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"><B>Percent</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"><B>Number(2)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"><B>Percent(3)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Mast Hill Fund, L.P.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#8212;&#8194;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#8212;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">327,740</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">(6)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">327,740</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11.01</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Water Mill Asset Management Corp.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">72,269</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">(4)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3.23</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">377,746</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">(7)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">449,015</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">(7)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">15.08</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Jaime Vieser</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">41,686</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">(5)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1.89</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">66,814</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">(8)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">108,500</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">(8)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3.64</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(1)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Represents all of the shares of common stock that the Selling Stockholders may offer for resale under this
prospectus, and is comprised of the Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrant we have issued to Mast Hill, the additional shares of common stock we may sell to Mast Hill from time to time as Purchase Shares under the Purchase Agreement, subject to
the Exchange Cap limitation, and shares of the common stock upon the conversion of all outstanding shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock into shares of common stock pursuant to the Certificate of Designation.
The amounts set forth in this column do not reflect the </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">43 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">
application of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Beneficial Ownership Limitation or beneficial ownership limitations (other than the
Exchange Cap limitation) contained in the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Certificate of Designation, the Purchase Agreement or the Warrant. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(2)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Assumes the issuance and sale of all shares of our common stock being offered for resale pursuant to this
prospectus. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(3)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Applicable percentage ownership is based on 2,967,243 shares of our common stock outstanding immediately
following the offering, which amount includes (i) 2,205,716 shares of our common stock outstanding as of August&nbsp;20, 2025; (ii) the 79,900 Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrant issued to Mast Hill in connection with the execution of the
Purchase Agreement; (iii) 247,840 shares of our common stock, the maximum number of shares of our common stock we can sell under the Purchase Agreement as a result of the Exchange Cap; (iv) 217,390 shares of our common stock issuable upon the
conversion of an aggregate of 500 shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock issuable to Water Mill pursuant to the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Subscription Agreement, based on its initial
Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Stated Value of $1,000 per share and the $2.76 initial conversion price per share, and (v) 850 shares of our common stock issuable upon the conversion of an aggregate of 227,170 shares of Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock issuable to the Buyers pursuant to the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Series&nbsp;A-2</FONT> Subscription Agreement, based on its initial Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT>
Stated Value of $1,000 per share and the $4.49 initial conversion price per share. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(4)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Consists of (i) 33,333 shares of common stock held by WaterMill Asset Management Corp., where Mr.&nbsp;Postma
serves as the principal, (ii) 33,109 shares of common stock held by Mr.&nbsp;Postma, (ii) 24 shares of common stock held by the IRA of Mr.&nbsp;Postma&#8217;s spouse and (iii) 4,804 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options
exercisable within 60 days of August&nbsp;20, 2025. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(5)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Consists of (i) 21,159 shares of common stock held by Mr.&nbsp;Vieser, (ii) 13,503 shares of common stock held
in Brushwood LLC, where Mr.&nbsp;Vieser serves as the manager, (iii) 2,100 shares of common stock held in Uniform Transfer to Minors Act accounts by Mr.&nbsp;Vieser&#8217;s children and (v) 4,925 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of
options exercisable within 60 days of August&nbsp;20, 2025. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(6)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Consists of the Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrant we issued to Mast Hill on May&nbsp;19, 2025, as
well as the maximum number of Purchase Shares we may sell to Mast Hill pursuant to the Purchase Agreement under the Exchange Cap limitation. The Purchase Agreement also prohibits us from issuing and selling any Purchase Shares to Mast Hill to the
extent such shares, when aggregated with all other shares of our common stock then beneficially owned by Mast Hill, would cause Mast Hill&#8217;s beneficial ownership of our common stock to exceed the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. The Purchase
Agreement also prohibits us from issuing or selling more than 327,740 shares of our common stock under the Purchase Agreement, including warrants, without obtaining stockholder approval to issue additional shares in accordance with&nbsp;applicable
rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market. The business address of Mast Hill Fund, L.P. is 150&nbsp;Grossman Dr, Suite 205, Braintree, MA 02184. Lane Murphy and Patrick Hassani have voting control and investment discretion of shares held by Mast Hill Fund,
LP by way of Mast Hill Management, LLC, the fund manager. As a result, Lane Murphy and Patrick Hassani may be deemed to have beneficial ownership (as determined under Section&nbsp;13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
&#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;) of the securities reported herein that are held by Hudson. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(7)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Consists of 217,390 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of 500 shares of Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Preferred Stock issued to Water Mill on April&nbsp;11, 2025 pursuant to the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Subscription Agreement, and 160,356 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion
of 600 shares of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock issued to Water Mill on June&nbsp;24, 2025 pursuant to the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Subscription Agreement. The address for Water Mill
Asset Management Corp. is PO Box 20, Water Mill, N.Y., 11976. Does include an aggregate of 71,269 shares of common stock beneficially owned by Mr.&nbsp;Postma prior to the offering. The address for Mr.&nbsp;Postma Vieser is c/o Alaunos Therapeutics,
Inc., 501 E. Las Olas Blvd., Suite 300, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33301. Mr.&nbsp;Vieser serves on our Board. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(8)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Consists of 66,814 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of 250 shares of Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Preferred Stock issued to such Buyer on June&nbsp;24, 2025 pursuant to the Subscription Agreement. Does include an aggregate of 41,686 shares of common stock beneficially owned by Mr.&nbsp;Vieser prior to the
offering. The address for Mr.&nbsp;Vieser is c/o Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc., 501 E. Las Olas Blvd., Suite 300, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33301. Mr.&nbsp;Vieser serves on our Board. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">44 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_12"></A>USE OF PROCEEDS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of any securities offered by us under this prospectus for general corporate purposes unless otherwise
indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement. General corporate purposes may include, but are not limited to, the acquisition of companies or businesses, repayment and refinancing of debt, investments in our subsidiaries, investments in
existing or future projects, repurchasing or redeeming securities, working capital, and capital expenditures. We may temporarily invest the net proceeds in investment-grade, interest-bearing securities until they are used for their stated purpose.
We have not determined the amount of net proceeds to be used specifically for such purposes or the timing of these expenditures, and the net proceeds from the sale of the securities have not been accounted for in our normal budgeting process. The
amounts actually expended for these purposes may vary significantly and will depend on a number of factors, including the amount of cash we generate from future operations, the actual expenses of operating our business, and opportunities that may be
or become available to us. As a result, management will retain broad discretion over the allocation of net proceeds. Additional information on the use of net proceeds we receive from the sale of securities covered by this prospectus may be set forth
in the prospectus supplement relating to the specific offering. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will not receive any proceeds in connection with the sale of any common stock offered
by the Selling Stockholders. Each Selling Stockholder will pay expenses incurred by such Stockholder in connection with the sale of common stock from time to time. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">45 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_13"></A>PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Sales of Securities by the Company </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may sell the
securities offered through this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement in any one or more of the following ways: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">directly to investors, including through a specific bidding, auction or other process; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">to investors through agents; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">directly to agents; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">to or through brokers or dealers; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">to the public through underwriting syndicates led by one or more managing underwriters for resale to investors or
to the public; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">to one or more underwriters acting alone for resale to investors or to the public; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">through a block trade (which may involve crosses) in which the broker or dealer so engaged will attempt to sell
the securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker solicits purchasers; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">in &#8220;at the market offerings,&#8221; within the meaning of Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act, to or
through a market maker or into an existing trading market, on an exchange or otherwise; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">transactions not involving market makers or established trading markets, including direct sales or privately
negotiated transactions; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">exchange distributions and/or secondary distributions; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">by delayed delivery contracts or by remarketing firms; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">transactions in options, swaps, or other derivatives that may or may not be listed on an exchange; or
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">through a combination of any such methods of sale. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We reserve the right to sell securities directly to investors on our own behalf in those jurisdictions where we are authorized to do so. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The securities may be distributed at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, market prices prevailing at the time of sale, prices related to the
prevailing market prices, or negotiated prices. Any of the prices may represent a discount from the prevailing market prices. In the sale of the securities, underwriters, dealers, or agents may receive compensation from us or from purchasers of the
securities, for whom they may act as agents, in the form of discounts, concessions, or commissions. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions, or
commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. Underwriters, dealers, and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters under the Securities
Act and any discounts or commissions they receive from us and any profit on the resale of securities they realize may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. The prospectus supplement will, where applicable,
describe, disclose, or identify: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the terms of the offering; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any underwriters, dealers, or agents; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any managing underwriter or underwriters; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the purchase price of the securities; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">46 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the net proceeds from the sale of the securities; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any delayed delivery arrangements; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any underwriting discounts, commissions, and other items constituting underwriters&#8217; compensation;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any initial public offering price; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any discounts or concessions allowed or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">re-allowed</FONT> or paid to dealers;
and </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any commissions paid to agents. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Any underwritten offering may be on a best efforts or a firm commitment basis. If underwriters are used in the sale, the underwriters will acquire the
securities for their own account, including through underwriting, purchase, security lending or repurchase agreements with us. The underwriters may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated
transactions. Underwriters may sell the securities in order to facilitate transactions in any of our other securities (described in this prospectus or otherwise), including other public or private transactions and short sales. Underwriters may offer
securities to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, the obligations of the
underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to certain conditions, and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the offered securities if they purchase any of them. The underwriters may change from time to time any initial
public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">re-allowed</FONT> or paid to dealers. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If dealers are
used in the sale of securities offered through this prospectus, we will sell the securities to them as principals. They may then resell those securities to the public at varying prices determined by the dealers at the time of resale. The prospectus
supplement will include the names of the dealers and the terms of the transaction. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may sell the securities offered through this prospectus directly or
through agents designated from time to time. The prospectus supplement will name any agent involved in the offer or sale of the offered securities and will describe any commissions payable to the agent. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus
supplement, any agent will agree to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit purchases for the period of its appointment. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may sell the securities
directly to institutional investors or others who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any sale of those securities. The terms of any such sales will be described in the prospectus supplement.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may also make direct sales through subscription rights distributed to our stockholders on a pro rata basis, which may or may not be transferable. In
any distribution of subscription rights to stockholders, if all of the underlying securities are not subscribed for, we may then sell the unsubscribed securities directly to third parties or may engage the services of one or more underwriters,
dealers or agents, including standby underwriters, to sell the unsubscribed securities to third parties. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If indicated in the applicable prospectus
supplement, securities may also be offered or sold by a &#8220;remarketing firm&#8221; in connection with a remarketing arrangement contemplated by the terms of the securities. Remarketing firms may act as principals for their own accounts or as
agents. The applicable prospectus supplement will identify any remarketing firm and the terms of its agreement, if any, with us. It will also describe the remarketing firm&#8217;s compensation. Remarketing firms may be deemed to be underwriters in
connection with the remarketing of the securities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If the prospectus supplement indicates, we may authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit
offers from certain types of institutions to purchase securities at the public offering price under delayed delivery contracts. These contracts would provide for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts would be subject
only to those conditions described in the prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the commission payable for solicitation of those contracts. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">47 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may from time to time engage a firm or firms to act as our agent for one or more offerings of our
securities. We sometimes refer to any such agent as our &#8220;offering agent.&#8221; If we reach agreement with an offering agent with respect to a specific offering, including the number of securities and any minimum price below which sales may
not be made, than the offering agent will try to sell such securities on the agreed terms. The offering agent could make sales in privately negotiated transactions or any other method permitted by law, including sales deemed to be an &#8220;at the
market&#8221; offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on an exchange, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange. Any such offering agent will be deemed to be an
&#8220;underwriter&#8221; within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any sales effected through an &#8220;at the market&#8221; offering. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Unless the applicable prospectus supplement states otherwise, each series of offered securities will be a new issue and will have no established trading
market, other than shares of our common stock, which are listed The Nasdaq Capital Market. We may elect to list any series of offered securities on an exchange. Any underwriters that we use in the sale of offered securities may make a market in such
securities, but may discontinue such market making at any time without notice. Therefore, we cannot assure you that the securities will have a liquid trading market. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Any underwriter may also engage in stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in&nbsp;accordance with Rule&nbsp;104 under the
Exchange Act. Stabilizing transactions involve bids to purchase the&nbsp;underlying security in the open market for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of the securities. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the
securities in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Penalty bids permit the underwriters
to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the securities originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in a syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions. Stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering
transactions and penalty bids may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would be in the absence of the transactions. The underwriters may, if they commence these transactions, discontinue them at any time. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We, the underwriters, dealers, or other agents may engage in derivative transactions involving the securities. These derivatives may consist of short sale
transactions and other hedging activities. The underwriters, dealers, or agents may acquire a long or short position in the securities, hold or resell securities acquired and purchase options or futures on the securities and other derivative
instruments with returns linked to or related to changes in the price of the securities. In order to facilitate these derivative transactions, we may enter into security lending or repurchase agreements with the underwriters, dealers, or agents. The
underwriters, dealers, or agents may effect the derivative transactions through sales of the securities to the public, including short sales, or by lending the securities in order to facilitate short sale transactions by others. The underwriters,
dealers, or agents may also use the securities purchased or borrowed from us or others (or, in the case of derivatives, securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives) to directly or indirectly settle sales of the securities or close
out any related open borrowings of the securities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may also make sales through the Internet or through other electronic means. Since we may from time
to time elect to offer securities directly to the public, with or without the involvement of agents, underwriters, or dealers, utilizing the Internet or other forms of electronic bidding or ordering systems for the pricing and allocation of such
securities, you will want to pay particular attention to the description of that system we will provide in a prospectus supplement. Such electronic system may allow bidders to directly participate, through electronic access to an auction site, by
submitting conditional offers to buy that are subject to acceptance by us, and which may directly affect the price or other terms and conditions at which such securities are sold. These bidding or ordering systems may present to each bidder, on a <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">so-called</FONT> &#8220;real-time&#8221; basis, relevant information to assist in making a bid, such as the clearing spread at which the offering would be sold, based on the bids submitted, and whether a bidder&#8217;s
individual bids would be accepted, prorated or rejected. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">48 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Upon completion of such an electronic auction process, securities will be allocated based on prices bid,
terms of bid or other factors. The final offering price at which securities would be sold and the allocation of securities among bidders would be based in whole or in part on the results of the Internet or other electronic bidding process or
auction. Agents, underwriters, and dealers may be entitled, under agreements entered into with us, to indemnification by us against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Our agents, underwriters, and dealers, or their
affiliates, may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">To comply with applicable
state securities laws, the securities offered by this prospectus will be sold, if necessary, in such jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, securities may not be sold in some states unless they have been
registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Sales of Common Stock by the Selling Stockholders </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As of
the date of this prospectus, we have not been advised by any selling stockholder as to any plan of distribution. The Selling Stockholders may sell or distribute its shares of our common stock from time to time directly to one or more purchasers or
through brokers, dealers, or underwriters who may act solely as agents at market prices prevailing at the time of the sale, at prices related to the prevailing market prices, at negotiated prices, or at fixed prices. The sale of shares offered by
this prospectus could be effected in one or more of the following methods: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker solicits purchasers; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">a block trade in which the broker-dealer so engaged will attempt to sell the shares as agent, but may position
and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">through brokers, dealers, or underwriters who may act solely as agents; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">&#8220;at the market&#8221; into an existing market for the shares; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">in other ways not involving market makers or established business markets, including direct sales to purchasers
or sales effected through agents; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">in privately negotiated transactions; or </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any combination of the foregoing. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Selling Stockholders may also sell shares of common stock under Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, if available, rather than under this
prospectus. In addition, the Selling Stockholders may transfer the shares of common stock by other means not described in this prospectus. If the Selling Stockholders effect such transactions by selling shares of common stock to or through
underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, such underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may receive commissions in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the Selling Stockholders or commissions from purchasers of the shares of common
stock for whom they may act as agent or to whom they may sell as principal (which discounts, concessions or commissions as to particular underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may be in excess of those customary in the types of transactions
involved). In connection with sales of the shares of common stock or otherwise, the Selling Stockholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers, which may in turn engage in short sales of the shares of common stock in the course of
hedging in positions they assume. If the Company elects to waive, in whole or in part, the restrictions on short sales by one or more Selling Stockholders in the Purchase Agreement, the Selling Stockholders would be permitted to also sell shares of
common stock short and deliver shares of common stock, as applicable, covered by this prospectus to close out short positions and to return borrowed shares in connection with such short sales. The Selling Stockholders may also loan or pledge shares
of common stock to broker-dealers that in turn may sell such shares. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">49 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Selling Stockholders may pledge or grant a security interest in securities owned by them and, if they
default in the performance of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell the shares of common stock from time to time pursuant to this prospectus or any amendment to this prospectus under Rule&nbsp;424(b)(3) or
other applicable provision of the Securities Act amending, if necessary, the list of Selling Stockholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling stockholders under this prospectus. The Selling Stockholders also
may transfer and donate the shares of common stock in other circumstances in which case the transferees, donees, pledgees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Under the securities laws of some states, the shares of common stock may be sold in such states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In
addition, in some states the shares of common stock may not be sold unless such shares have been registered or qualified for sale in such state or an exemption from registration or qualification is available and is complied with. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">There can be no assurance that any Selling Stockholder will sell any or all of the shares of common stock registered pursuant to the registration statement,
of which this prospectus forms a part. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Statutory Underwriter; Regulation M </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Mast Hill is an &#8220;underwriter&#8221; within the meaning of Section&nbsp;2(a)(11) of the Securities Act. As an underwriter, Mast Hill is required to comply
with certain requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including Regulation M. With certain exceptions, Regulation M precludes Mast Hill, any affiliated purchasers, and any broker-dealer or other person who participates in the
distribution, from bidding for or purchasing, or attempting to induce any person to bid for or purchase, any security that is the subject of the distribution until the entire distribution is complete. Regulation M also prohibits any bids or
purchases made in order to stabilize the price of a security in connection with the distribution of that security. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Except as disclosed in this
prospectus, we know of no existing arrangements between Mast Hill or any other stockholder, broker, dealer, underwriter or agent relating to the sale or distribution of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">[Mast Hill has informed us that it intends to use one or more registered broker-dealers to effectuate all sales, if any, of our common stock that it has
acquired and may in the future acquire from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Each such registered broker-dealer will be an underwriter within the meaning of Section&nbsp;2(a)(11) of the Securities Act. Mast Hill has informed us that each such
broker-dealer will receive commissions from Mast Hill that will not exceed customary brokerage commissions.] Except as disclosed in this prospectus, we know of no existing arrangements between Mast Hill or any other stockholder, broker, dealer,
underwriter or agent relating to the sale or distribution of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">To the extent required by
the&nbsp;Securities Act&nbsp;and the rules and regulations thereunder, any broker-dealer participating in the distribution of the shares of common stock may be deemed to be &#8220;underwriters&#8221; within the meaning of the&nbsp;Securities Act,
and any commission paid, or any discounts or concessions allowed to, any such broker-dealer may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the&nbsp;Securities Act. At the time a particular offering of the shares of common stock is
made, a prospectus supplement, if required, will be distributed, which will set forth the aggregate amount of shares of common stock being offered and the terms of the offering, including the name or names of any broker-dealers or agents, any
discounts, commissions and other terms constituting compensation from the selling stockholders and any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">re-allowed</FONT> or paid to broker-dealers. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Selling Stockholders and any other person participating in distribution of the shares of common stock will be subject to applicable provisions of the
Securities Exchange, and the rules and regulations thereunder, including, without limitation, to the extent applicable, Regulation M of the Exchange Act, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the shares of common stock by the
Selling Stockholders and any other participating </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">50 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
person. To the extent applicable, Regulation M may also restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of the shares of common stock to engage in market-making activities with
respect to the shares of common stock. All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the common stock and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to the shares of common stock. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Nasdaq Listing </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq
Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;TCRT.&#8221; On August&nbsp;19, 2025, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market was $2.24 per share. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Additional Information </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may from time to time file
with the SEC one or more supplements to this prospectus, or amendments to the registration statement to which this prospectus relates, to amend, supplement or update information contained in this prospectus, including, if and when required under the
Securities Act, to disclose certain information relating to a particular sale of shares offered by this prospectus, including the names of any brokers, dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of such shares, any
compensation paid to any such brokers, dealers, underwriters or agents, and any other required information. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">51 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_14"></A>LEGAL MATTERS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The validity of the securities offered by this prospectus and any related prospectus supplement will be passed upon for us by The Doney Law Firm, Las Vegas,
NV. Any underwriters, dealers, or agents will be advised about other issues relating to any offering by their own legal counsel named in the applicable prospectus supplement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_15"></A>EXPERTS </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The
financial statements of Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. as of and for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2024, incorporated in this prospectus by reference from our Annual Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT> for the year ended
December&nbsp;31, 2024, have been audited by Cherry Bekaert LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon, and have been incorporated in this prospectus and registration statement in reliance upon the
report of such firm given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The financial statements of Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. as of and for the
year ended December&nbsp;31, 2023, incorporated in this Prospectus by reference from our Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2024, have been audited by RSM US LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as
stated in their report thereon (which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to the entity&#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern) incorporated herein by reference, and have been incorporated
in this Prospectus and Registration Statement in reliance upon such report and upon the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">52 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_16"></A>WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our common stock is registered with the SEC under Section&nbsp;12 of the Exchange Act and, accordingly, we are subject to the information and periodic
reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and we file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports, proxy statements and other information are available at the website of the SEC at
<U>www.sec.gov.</U> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We maintain a website at www.alaunos.com. You may access our Annual Reports on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K,</FONT>
Quarterly Reports on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q,</FONT> Current Reports on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> and amendments to those reports, proxy statements and other information filed or furnished pursuant to
Section&nbsp;13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act with the SEC free of charge at our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. We have not incorporated by reference into this
prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement the information on our website, and you should not consider it to be a part of this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have filed with the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act, relating to the securities being offering by the Selling Stockholder. The
registration statement, including the attached exhibits, contains additional relevant information about us and the securities. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement. You can obtain a copy of
the registration statement for free at the website of the SEC referenced above. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">53 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx56842_17"></A>INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The SEC allows us to &#8220;incorporate by reference&#8221; information that we file with them. Incorporation by reference allows us to disclose important
information to you by referring you to those other documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this
information. This prospectus omits certain information contained in the registration statement, as permitted by the SEC. You should refer to the registration statement, including the exhibits, for further information about us and the securities we
may offer pursuant to this prospectus. Statements in this prospectus regarding the provisions of certain documents filed with, or incorporated by reference in, the registration statement are not necessarily complete and each statement is qualified
in all respects by that reference. Copies of all or any part of the registration statement, including the documents incorporated by reference or the exhibits, may be obtained upon payment of the prescribed rates at the offices of the SEC listed
above in &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information.&#8221; The following documents filed by us with the Commission are incorporated by reference in this prospectus: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">our Annual Report on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025047758/tcrt-20241231.htm">Form
 <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT></A> for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March&nbsp;
31, 2025, as amended on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025061207/tcrt-20241231.htm">April&nbsp;30, 2025</A>; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">our Quarterly Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Qs</FONT> for the quarter ended March&nbsp;31,
2025, filed with the SEC on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025072709/tcrt-20250331.htm">May&nbsp;15, 2025</A> and for the quarter ended June&nbsp;
30, 2025, filed with the SEC on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025108887/tcrt-20250630.htm">August&nbsp;14, 2025</A>; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">our Current Reports on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> filed with the SEC on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025053325/tcrt-20250407.htm">April&nbsp;11,
 2025</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025053523/tcrt-20250411.htm">April&nbsp;
14, 2025</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025054309/tcrt-20250415.htm">April&nbsp;
15, 2025</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025055903/tcrt-20250415.htm">April&nbsp;
18, 2025</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025077064/tcrt-20250519.htm">May&nbsp;
23, 2025</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025083913/tcrt-20250609.htm">June&nbsp;
10, 2025</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025090201/tcrt-20250624.htm">June&nbsp;
26, 2025</A>/<A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025090202/tcrt-20250620.htm">June 26, 2025</A> (two reports), <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025093263/tcrt-20250701.htm">July&nbsp;2,
 2025</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025095029/tcrt-20250703.htm">July&nbsp;
10, 2025</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025096656/tcrt-20250715.htm">July&nbsp;
17, 2025</A>, and <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025097591/tcrt-20250716.htm">July&nbsp;22, 2025</A>, to the extent the information in such reports is filed and not furnished; and
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the description of our common stock set forth in <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017022004972/tcrt-ex4_7.htm">Exhibit
 4.7</A> to our Annual Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT> for the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2021, which was filed with the SEC on March&nbsp;30, 2022, including any amendment or reports filed for the purposes of
updating this description. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We also incorporate by reference all documents we file pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15 of
the Exchange Act (other than any portions of filings that are furnished rather than filed pursuant to Items 2.02 and 7.01 of a Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K)</FONT> after the date of the initial registration statement
of which this prospectus is a part and prior to effectiveness of such registration statement. All documents we file in the future pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and prior to
the termination of the offering are also incorporated herein by reference and are an important part of this prospectus. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Any statement contained in a
document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for the purposes of this registration statement to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed
document which also is or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this
registration statement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will provide upon request to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, a copy of any or
all of the information that has been incorporated by reference in the prospectus but not delivered with the prospectus. You may request a copy of these filings, excluding the exhibits to such filings which we have not specifically incorporated by
reference in such filings, at no cost, by writing to or calling us at: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">501 E. Las Olas Blvd., Suite 300 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">(346) <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">355-4099</FONT> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">You can also find these filings on our website at www.alaunos.com. We are not incorporating the information on
our website other than these filings into this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">54 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This prospectus is part of a registration statement we filed with the SEC. You should only rely on the
information or representations contained in this prospectus, in any accompanying prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, or incorporated by reference herein or therein. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholders have authorized
anyone to provide information other than that provided in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus we have prepared. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholders are making an offer of the securities in any
state where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of the document. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">55 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>PART II </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Item&#8201;14. </B><B><I>Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution</I></B><B> </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The fees and expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commission, payable by us in connection with the resale of the shares in this
offering are as follows: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="68%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="87%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SEC registration fee</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,938</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">FINRA filing fees</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">*</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Printing expenses</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">*</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Legal fees and expenses</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">*</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accounting fees and expenses</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">*</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Miscellaneous fees and expenses</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">*</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Total*</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,938</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <DIV STYLE="line-height:8.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;width:11%">&nbsp;</DIV>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">*</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">All amounts are estimates, other than the SEC&#8217;s registration fee. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will bear all costs, expenses, and fees in connection with the registration of the securities, including with regard to compliance with
state securities laws. The Selling Stockholders, however, will bear all underwriting fees, discounts, and commissions due to underwriters, brokers-dealers, or agents in connection with the sale of common stock by the Selling Stockholders. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Item&#8201;15. </B><B><I>Indemnification of Directors and Officers</I></B><B> </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Section&nbsp;145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (&#8220;<I>DGCL</I>&#8221;) provides that a corporation may indemnify directors and
officers as well as other employees and individuals against expenses (including attorneys&#8217; fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any threatened, pending or
completed actions, suits or proceedings in which such person is made a party by reason of such person being or having been a director, officer, employee or agent of the Registrant. The DGCL provides that Section&nbsp;145 is not exclusive of other
rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. The Registrant&#8217;s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the
&#8220;<I>Certificate of Incorporation</I>&#8221;) and Amended and Restated Bylaws (the &#8220;<I>Bylaws</I>&#8221;) provide for indemnification by the Registrant of its directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Section&nbsp;102(b)(7) of the DGCL permits a corporation to provide in its Certificate of Incorporation that a director of the corporation
shall not be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability (1)&nbsp;for any breach of the director&#8217;s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its
stockholders, (2)&nbsp;for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (3)&nbsp;for unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases, redemptions or other distributions or
(4)&nbsp;for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. The Registrant&#8217;s Certificate of Incorporation provides for such limitation of liability to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers to provide contractual
indemnification in addition to the indemnification provided in the Registrant&#8217;s Bylaws. Each indemnification agreement provides for indemnification and advancements by the Registrant of certain expenses and costs relating to claims, suits or
proceedings arising from his or her service to the Registrant or, at our request, service to other entities, as officers or directors to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law. We believe that these provisions and agreements are necessary to
attract qualified directors. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">II-1 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Registrant also maintains standard policies of insurance under which coverage is to be
provided (1)&nbsp;to its directors and officers against loss arising from claims made by reason of breach of duty or other wrongful act, while acting in their capacity as directors and officers of the Registrant, and (2)&nbsp;to the Registrant with
respect to payments which may be made by the Registrant to such officers and directors pursuant to any indemnification provision contained in the Registrant&#8217;s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws or otherwise as a matter of law. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Item&#8201;16. </B><B><I>Exhibits</I></B><B> </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>

<TD></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="90%"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; display:table-cell; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><B>Exhibit<BR>Number</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Description</B></P></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;1.1**</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Form of Underwriting Agreement</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;3.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017024084023/tcrt-ex3_1.htm">Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&nbsp;
3.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K/A</FONT> filed with the SEC on July<U></U>&nbsp;17, 2024).</A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;3.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025095029/tcrt-ex3_1.htm">Certificate of Amendment of the Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s
 Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> filed with the SEC on July<U></U>&nbsp;10, 2025).</A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;3.3</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000119312516640603/d220092dex31.htm">Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series 1 Preferred Stock, as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State
 on July<U></U>&nbsp;1, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K/A</FONT> filed with the SEC on July<U></U>&nbsp;1, 2016).</A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;3.4</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025053523/tcrt-ex3_1.htm">Certificate of Designation of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Convertible Preferred Stock of Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. (incorporated
 by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> filed with the SEC on April<U></U>&nbsp;14, 2025).</A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;3.5</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025090201/tcrt-ex3_1.htm">Certificate of Designation of Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Convertible Preferred Stock of Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. (incorporated
 by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> filed with the SEC on June<U></U>&nbsp;26, 2025).</A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;3.6</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000119312520250711/d42031dex31.htm">Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, dated as of September<U></U>&nbsp;
21, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> filed with the SEC on September<U></U>&nbsp;22, 2020).</A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;4.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000114420405031725/v026661_ex4-1.htm">Specimen Common Stock certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">SB-2</FONT> filed with the SEC on October<U></U>&nbsp;14, 2005).</A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;4.2**</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Form of Preferred Stock Certificate and Certificate of Designations of Preferred Stock.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;4.3**</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Form of Indenture between the Registrant and one or more trustees to be named therein.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;4.4**</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Form of Debt Securities.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;4.5**</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Form of Common Stock Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;4.6**</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Form of Preferred Stock Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;4.7**</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Form of Debt Securities Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;4.8</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025077064/tcrt-ex4_1.htm">Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated May<U></U>&nbsp;
19, 2025, issued by Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. to Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> filed with the SEC on May<U></U>&nbsp;
23, 2025).</A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;4.9</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025083913/tcrt-ex4_1.htm">Amendment No.<U></U>&nbsp;1 to the Common Stock Purchase Warrant Issued on May<U></U>&nbsp;19, 2025, dated June<U></U>&nbsp;
9, 2025, by and between Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. and Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> filed with the SEC on June<U></U>&nbsp;
9, 2025).</A></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">II-2 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>

<TD></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="90%"></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; display:table-cell; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><B>Exhibit<BR>Number</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Description</B></P></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;5.1*</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="d56842dex51.htm">Opinion of The Doney Law Firm. </A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>10.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025077064/tcrt-ex10_1.htm">Equity Purchase Agreement, dated May<U></U>&nbsp;
19, 2025, by and between Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. and Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> filed with the SEC on May<U></U>&nbsp;
23, 2025).</A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>10.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025077064/tcrt-ex10_2.htm">Registration Rights Agreement, dated May<U></U>&nbsp;
19, 2025, by and between Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. and Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> filed with the SEC on May<U></U>&nbsp;
23, 2025).</A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>10.3</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001107421/000095017025090201/tcrt-ex10_1.htm">Subscription Agreement, dated April<U></U>&nbsp;
11, 2025, by and between Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. and the Purchasers therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> filed with the SEC on April<U></U>&nbsp;14,
 2025).</A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>10.4</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1107421/000095017025090201/tcrt-ex10_1.htm">Subscription Agreement, dated June<U></U>&nbsp;
24, 2025, by and between Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. and Purchasers therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> filed with the SEC on June<U></U>&nbsp;
26, 2025).</A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>23.1*</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="d56842dex51.htm">Consent of The Doney Law Firm (contained in Exhibit 5.1) </A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>23.2*</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="d56842dex232.htm">Consent of Cherry Bekaert LLP. </A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>23.3*</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="d56842dex233.htm">Consent of RSM US LLP. </A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>24.1*</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="d56842ds3.htm#sig">Power of Attorney (included on signature pages). </A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>107*</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="d56842dexfilingfees.htm">Calculation of Filing Fee Table. </A></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">*</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Filed herewith. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">**</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">To be filed if necessary, subsequent to the effectiveness of this registration statement by an amendment to
this registration statement or incorporated by reference pursuant to a Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> in connection with the offering of securities. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Item&#8201;17. </B><B><I>Undertakings </I></B><B> </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The
undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(1)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this
registration statement: </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(i)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">to include any prospectus required by Section&nbsp;10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(ii)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement
(or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in
volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus
filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20&nbsp;percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &#8220;Calculation of Registration
Fee&#8221; table in the effective registration statement; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(iii)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the
registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that:
Paragraphs (1)(i),(1)(ii) and (1)(iii) of this section do not apply if information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">II-3 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or Section&nbsp;15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or
is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(2)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective
amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered herein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(3)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which
remain unsold at the termination of the offering. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(4)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(i)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the
registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(ii)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration
statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x)&nbsp;for the purpose of providing the information required by Section&nbsp;10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be
part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As
provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration
statement to which the prospectus related, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. <I>Provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that no statement made in a registration statement or
prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time
of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such
effective date. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(5)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any
purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used
to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell
such securities to such purchaser: </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(i)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be
filed pursuant to Rule 424; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(ii)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or
used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(iii)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about
the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(iv)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each
filing of the registrant&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a) or Section&nbsp;15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&#8217;s annual report
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">II-4 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
pursuant to Section&nbsp;15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating
to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in
the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities
(other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling
person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection
(a)&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;310 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (the &#8220;Trust Indenture Act&#8221;) in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section&nbsp;305(b)(2) of the Trust
Indenture Act. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">II-5 </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="sig"></A>SIGNATURES </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets
all of the requirements for filing on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Dallas, State of Texas,
on August&nbsp;20, 2025. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="13%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="86%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><B>ALAUNOS THERAPEUTICS, INC.</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE=" BORDER-BOTTOM:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" STYLE="BORDER-BOTTOM:1px solid #000000">/s/ Holger Weis</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Name:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Holger Weis</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Title:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Chief Executive Officer and Director</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>POWER OF ATTORNEY </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Holger Weis and Ferdinand Groenewald,
and each of them, his or her true and lawful <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">attorneys-in-fact</FONT></FONT> and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name,
place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including any and all post-effective amendments) to this registration statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> and any registration statement for the
same offering filed pursuant to Rule 462 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">attorneys-in-fact</FONT></FONT> and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all
intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">attorneys-in-fact</FONT></FONT> and agents, or any of them, or his
substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="45%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="35%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Holger Weis</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Holger Weis</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Chief&nbsp;Executive&nbsp;Officer&nbsp;and&nbsp;Director
<I>(Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer)</I></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">August&nbsp;20,&nbsp;2025</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Ferdinand Groenewald</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ferdinand Groenewald</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Vice President, Finance <I></I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><I>(Principal Accounting Officer)</I></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">August 20, 2025</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Robert W. Postma</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Robert W. Postma</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Director</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">August 20, 2025</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Jaime Vieser</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Jaime Vieser</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Director</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">August 20, 2025</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Michael A. Jerman</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Michael A. Jerman</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Director</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">August 20, 2025</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">II-6 </P>

</DIV></Center>

</BODY></HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>d56842dex51.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-5.1
<TEXT>
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>EX-5.1</TITLE>
</HEAD>
 <BODY BGCOLOR="WHITE" STYLE="line-height:Normal">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 5.1 </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="80%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="49%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="49%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:2.00pt solid #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM:2.00pt solid #000000"> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:24pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">T<SMALL>HE</SMALL>&nbsp;D<SMALL>ONEY</SMALL>&nbsp;L<SMALL>AW</SMALL>&nbsp;F<SMALL>IRM</SMALL></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:5pt; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt" align="left">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">S<SMALL>ECURITIES</SMALL>&nbsp;&amp;
C<SMALL>ORPORATE</SMALL> L<SMALL>AW</SMALL> </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt" align="left">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Scott P. Doney, Esq.</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">3651 Lindell Rd Ste D121</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Las
Vegas, NV 89103</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">702.982.5686</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">scott@doneylawfirm.com</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">August&nbsp;20, 2025 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">501
E. Las Olas Blvd., Suite 300 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Re: Registration Statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> Ladies and Gentlemen: </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">We have acted as counsel to Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), in connection with the preparation
and filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;Commission&#8221;) of a registration statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> (the &#8220;Registration Statement&#8221;) under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), relating to the registration by the Company of the offer and sale by the Company from time to time, pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, of (i)&nbsp;shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock,
par value $0.001 per share (&#8220;Common Stock&#8221;); (ii) shares of the Company&#8217;s preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (&#8220;Preferred Stock&#8221;); (iii) debt securities of the Company (&#8220;Debt Securities&#8221;); and
(iv)&nbsp;warrants to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock, or Debt Securities (&#8220;Warrants&#8221; and, together with the Common Stock, Preferred Stock, and Debt Securities, the &#8220;Primary Securities&#8221;), with an aggregate initial
offering price not to exceed $50,000,000. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">The Registration Statement also relates to the registration of the resale by certain selling
stockholders named in the Registration Statement (the &#8220;Selling Stockholders&#8221;) of up to 772,302 shares of Common Stock (the &#8220;Resale Shares&#8221;), consisting of (a)&nbsp;up to 247,840 shares of Common Stock that may be issued and
sold to Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (&#8220;Mast Hill&#8221;) from time to time pursuant to the Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of May&nbsp;19, 2025 (the &#8220;Purchase Agreement&#8221;); (b) up to 79,900 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the
exercise of the warrant issued to Mast Hill pursuant to the Purchase Agreement; (c)&nbsp;up to 217,391 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the terms of the 500 shares of the Company&#8217;s Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Convertible Preferred Stock issued pursuant to the Subscription Agreement, dated April&nbsp;11, 2025; and (d)&nbsp;up to 227,171 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the
terms of the 850 shares of the Company&#8217;s Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Convertible Preferred Stock issued pursuant to the Subscription Agreement, dated June&nbsp;24, 2025. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">The Primary Securities may be offered and sold by the Company from time to time as set forth in the Registration Statement, the prospectus
contained therein (the &#8220;Prospectus&#8221;), and supplements to the Prospectus (each, a &#8220;Prospectus Supplement&#8221;). The Debt Securities are to be issued under one or more indentures (each, an &#8220;Indenture&#8221;) to be entered
into between the Company and a trustee or trustees thereunder (each, a &#8220;Trustee&#8221;). The forms of Indenture have been filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement. The Warrants may be issued under one or more warrant agreements (each, a
&#8220;Warrant Agreement&#8221;), each to be entered into between the Company and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent. The Resale Shares are to be offered and sold by the Selling Stockholders as set forth in the Registration Statement and the
Prospectus. In that connection, we have examined originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such documents, corporate records, and other instruments as we have deemed necessary for the purposes of this opinion,
including (i)&nbsp;the organizational </P>
</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">
documents of the Company, including the Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and the Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended; (ii)&nbsp;minutes and records of the
corporate proceedings of the Company with respect to the issuance and sale of the Primary Securities and the Resale Shares, including the proceedings of the board of directors of the Company; (iii)&nbsp;the Registration Statement, including the
exhibits thereto; (iv)&nbsp;the Prospectus; (v)&nbsp;the forms of Indenture; (vi)&nbsp;the Purchase Agreement, the warrant issued to Mast Hill, the Subscription Agreements, and the Certificates of Designation for the Series <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> and Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Convertible Preferred Stock; and (vii)&nbsp;such other documents and records as we have deemed necessary or appropriate for purposes of this opinion. For
purposes of this opinion, we have assumed the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies, and the authenticity of the originals of all documents submitted to
us as copies. We have also assumed the legal capacity of all natural persons, the genuineness of the signatures of persons signing all documents in connection with which this opinion is rendered, the authority of such persons signing on behalf of
the parties thereto other than the Company, and the due authorization, execution, and delivery of all documents by the parties thereto other than the Company. We have not independently established or verified any facts relevant to the opinions
expressed herein, but have relied upon statements and representations of the officers and other representatives of the Company. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">The
foregoing opinions are based upon and expressly limited to the laws of the State of Nevada. To the extent that the opinions expressed herein involve conclusions as to matters governed by the laws of the State of Delaware (including the Delaware
General Corporation Law) or the State of New York, we have assumed, without independent investigation, that such laws are identical in all material respects to the laws of the State of Nevada. The opinions expressed in this opinion letter are based
on the laws as in effect on the date hereof. We are not opining on, and we assume no responsibility for, the applicability to or effect on any of the matters covered herein of (a)&nbsp;the laws of any other jurisdiction; or (b)&nbsp;the laws of any
county, municipality or other political subdivision or local governmental agency or authority. This opinion letter is given as of the date hereof. Our opinions herein are expressed solely with respect to the applicable laws of the State of Nevada
that, in our experience, are normally applicable to transactions of the type contemplated by the Registration Statement. The opinion set forth herein related to the Indenture and Warrants assumes that such documents are governed by New York law, and
we have assumed that New York law is identical to Nevada law in relevant respects. The opinions set forth herein are made as of the date hereof and are subject to, and may be limited by, future changes in the factual matters set forth herein, and we
undertake no duty to advise you of the same that may occur after the Registration Statement becomes effective. The opinions expressed herein are based upon the law in effect (and published or otherwise generally available) on the date hereof, which
laws are subject to change with possible retroactive effect, and we assume no obligation to revise or supplement these opinions should such law be changed by legislative action, judicial decision or otherwise after the Registration Statement becomes
effective. In rendering our opinions, we have not considered, and hereby disclaim any opinion as to, the application or impact of any laws, cases, decisions, rules or regulations of any other jurisdiction, court or administrative agency. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Based upon the foregoing and subject to the assumptions, exceptions, qualifications, and limitations set forth herein, we are of the opinion
that: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">1.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="justify">With respect to any shares of Common Stock proposed to be sold by the Company, assuming that: (a)&nbsp;the
Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have become effective under the Securities Act and the Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required
by such </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
laws; (b)&nbsp;the issuance of the Common Stock has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company in accordance with the DGCL; (c)&nbsp;the issuance and
delivery of the shares of Common Stock do not violate the DGCL, are in conformity with the Company&#8217;s then operative Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, do not result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon
the Company, and comply with any applicable requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company; and (d)&nbsp;the certificates, if any, for the shares of Common Stock have been duly executed by
the Company, countersigned by the transfer agent therefor, and duly delivered to the purchasers thereof against payment therefor, then the shares of Common Stock, when issued and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus,
and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and in accordance with any applicable duly authorized, executed, and delivered purchase, underwriting, or similar agreement, or upon conversion of any convertible Preferred Stock, or convertible Debt
Securities in accordance with their terms, or upon exercise of any Warrants in accordance with their terms, will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">2.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="justify">With respect to the Preferred Stock proposed to be sold by the Company, assuming that: (a)&nbsp;the
Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have become effective under the Securities Act and the Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required
by such laws; (b)&nbsp;an appropriate certificate of designation relating to a class or series of the Preferred Stock (the &#8220;Certificate of Designation&#8221;) has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Company and has
been filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware in accordance with the DGCL; (c)&nbsp;the issuance and terms of the shares of Preferred Stock have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Company in accordance
with the DGCL; (d)&nbsp;the terms of the shares of Preferred Stock and their issuance and sale do not violate the DGCL, are in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation, including the Certificate of Designation, and Bylaws, do not result in a
default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company, and comply with any applicable requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company; and (e)&nbsp;the certificates,
if any, for the shares of Preferred Stock have been duly executed by the Company, countersigned by the transfer agent therefor, and duly delivered to the purchasers thereof against payment therefor, then the shares of Preferred Stock, when issued
and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and in accordance with any applicable duly authorized, executed, and delivered purchase, underwriting, or similar agreement, or upon
conversion of any convertible Debt Securities in accordance with their terms, or upon exercise of any Warrants in accordance with their terms, will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">3.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="justify">With respect to any series of Debt Securities issued under an Indenture and proposed to be sold by the
Company, assuming that: (a)&nbsp;the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have become effective under the Securities Act and the Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have
been delivered and filed as required by such laws; (b)&nbsp;the Indenture has been duly authorized by the Company and the Trustee by all necessary corporate action; (c)&nbsp;the Indenture, in substantially the form filed as an exhibit to the
Registration Statement, has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and the Trustee and has been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended; (d)&nbsp;the issuance, sale, and terms of the Debt Securities have been duly
authorized by all necessary corporate action by the board of directors of the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof; (e)&nbsp;the terms of the Debt Securities and of their issuance and sale have been duly
</P></TD></TR></TABLE>
</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
established in conformity with the Indenture so as not to violate any applicable law, including the laws of the State of New York governing the Indenture, or result in a default under or breach
of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company, so as to be in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, and so as to comply with any requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having
jurisdiction over the Company; and (f)&nbsp;the notes representing the Debt Securities have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and authenticated by the Trustee pursuant to the Indenture and delivered against payment therefor, then the
Debt Securities, when issued and sold in accordance with the Indenture and a duly authorized, executed, and delivered purchase, underwriting, or similar agreement, will be valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the
Company in accordance with their terms, except as enforcement thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors&#8217; rights generally, and by general equitable
principles (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity). </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">4.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="justify">With respect to the Warrants proposed to be sold by the Company, assuming that: (a)&nbsp;the Registration
Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have become effective under the Securities Act and the Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required by such
laws; (b)&nbsp;the Warrant Agreement has been duly authorized by the Company and the warrant agent by all necessary corporate action; (c)&nbsp;the Warrant Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and the warrant agent and is
governed by the laws of the State of New York; (d)&nbsp;the issuance, sale, and terms of the Warrants have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action by the board of directors of the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof;
(e)&nbsp;the terms of the Warrants and of their issuance and sale have been duly established in conformity with the Warrant Agreement so as not to violate any applicable law, including the laws of the State of New York governing the Warrant
Agreement, or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company, so as to be in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, and so as to comply with any requirement or restriction imposed by
any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company; and (f)&nbsp;the Warrants have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and authenticated by the warrant agent pursuant to the Warrant Agreement and delivered against
payment therefor, then the Warrants, when issued and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and in accordance with the Warrant Agreement and a duly authorized, executed, and
delivered purchase, underwriting, or similar agreement, will be valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except as enforcement thereof may be limited by bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors&#8217; rights generally, and by general equitable principles (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding at law or in
equity). </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">5.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="justify">With respect to the Resale Shares, such shares have been, or when issued upon exercise of the warrant issued
to Mast Hill or conversion of the Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> Convertible Preferred Stock or Series <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-2</FONT> Convertible Preferred Stock in accordance with their respective terms as set forth
in the applicable Certificates of Designation, will be, duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable under the DGCL. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">We hereby consent to the filing of this letter as an exhibit to the
Registration Statement and to the reference to it in the prospectuses included therein under the caption &#8220;Legal Matters.&#8221; In giving such consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under
Section&nbsp;7 of the Act. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">This opinion is furnished to you in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement
and is not to be used, circulated, quoted or otherwise relied upon for any other purpose except that purchasers of the securities offered pursuant to the Registration Statement may rely on this opinion to the same extent as if it were addressed to
them. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="100%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Very truly yours,</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" STYLE="BORDER-BOTTOM:1px solid #000000">/s/ The Doney Law Firm</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">The Doney Law Firm</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</DIV></Center>

</BODY></HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.2
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>d56842dex232.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-23.2
<TEXT>
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>EX-23.2</TITLE>
</HEAD>
 <BODY BGCOLOR="WHITE" STYLE="line-height:Normal">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>EXHIBIT 23.2 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement of Alanous Therapeutics, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) on Form&nbsp;S-3 to be
filed on or about August&nbsp;20, 2025 of our report, dated March&nbsp;31, 2025, on our audit of the Company&#8217;s financial statements as of December&nbsp;31, 2024 and for the year then ended and of the adjustments described in Note&nbsp;3 which
were applied retroactively to reflect the July 2024 one-for-ten reverse stock split in the 2023 financial statements, which report was included in the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K filed March&nbsp;31, 2025. Our report contains an
explanatory paragraph regarding the Company&#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern. We also consent to reference to us under the heading &#8220;Experts&#8221; in such registration statement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Cherry Bekaert LLP </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cherry Bekaert LLP </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Tampa, Florida </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">August&nbsp;20, 2025 </P>
</DIV></Center>

</BODY></HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.3
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>d56842dex233.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-23.3
<TEXT>
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>EX-23.3</TITLE>
</HEAD>
 <BODY BGCOLOR="WHITE" STYLE="line-height:Normal">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>EXHIBIT 23.3 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 of Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. of our report dated April&nbsp;1,
2024, relating to the financial statements of Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc., appearing in the Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K of Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc. for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2024. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As discussed in Note&nbsp;3 to the financial statements, the 2023 financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted to apply the reverse stock split
effective July&nbsp;17, 2024. We have not audited the adjustments to the 2023 financial statements for this reverse stock split, as described in Note&nbsp;3. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading &#8220;Experts&#8221; in such Prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ RSM US LLP </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Boston, Massachusetts </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">August&nbsp;20, 2025 </P>
</DIV></Center>

</BODY></HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-FILING FEES
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>d56842dexfilingfees.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-FILING FEES
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217" xmlns:ix="http://www.xbrl.org/2013/inlineXBRL" xmlns:ixt="http://www.xbrl.org/inlineXBRL/transformation/2015-02-26" xmlns:ixt-sec="http://www.sec.gov/inlineXBRL/transformation/2015-08-31" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025" xmlns:ffd="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025">
<head>
<title>EX-FILING FEES</title>
</head>
  <body> <div style="display: none"> <ix:header> <ix:hidden> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:FormTp" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-433">S-3</ix:nonNumeric> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:SubmissnTp" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-434">S-3</ix:nonNumeric> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:FeeExhibitTp" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-435">EX-FILING FEES</ix:nonNumeric> <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityCentralIndexKey" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-436">0001107421</ix:nonNumeric> <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-437">Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc.</ix:nonNumeric> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingTableNa" contextRef="rc" id="hiddenrcOfferingTableNa" xsi:nil="true"></ix:nonNumeric> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OffsetTableNa" contextRef="rc" id="hiddenrcOffsetTableNa">N/A</ix:nonNumeric> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:CombinedProspectusTableNa" contextRef="rc" id="hiddenrcCombinedProspectusTableNa">N/A</ix:nonNumeric> </ix:hidden> <ix:references> <link:schemaRef xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025/ffd-2025.xsd" xlink:type="simple"/> </ix:references> <ix:resources> <xbrli:context id="rc"> <xbrli:entity> <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001107421</xbrli:identifier> </xbrli:entity> <xbrli:period> <xbrli:startDate>2025-08-19</xbrli:startDate> <xbrli:endDate>2025-08-19</xbrli:endDate> </xbrli:period> </xbrli:context> <xbrli:context id="offrl_1"> <xbrli:entity> <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001107421</xbrli:identifier> <xbrli:segment> <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis"> <dei:lineNo>1</dei:lineNo> </xbrldi:typedMember> </xbrli:segment> </xbrli:entity> <xbrli:period> <xbrli:startDate>2025-08-19</xbrli:startDate> <xbrli:endDate>2025-08-19</xbrli:endDate> </xbrli:period> </xbrli:context> <xbrli:context id="offrl_2"> <xbrli:entity> <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001107421</xbrli:identifier> <xbrli:segment> <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis"> <dei:lineNo>2</dei:lineNo> </xbrldi:typedMember> </xbrli:segment> </xbrli:entity> <xbrli:period> <xbrli:startDate>2025-08-19</xbrli:startDate> <xbrli:endDate>2025-08-19</xbrli:endDate> </xbrli:period> </xbrli:context> <xbrli:context id="offrl_3"> <xbrli:entity> <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001107421</xbrli:identifier> <xbrli:segment> <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis"> <dei:lineNo>3</dei:lineNo> </xbrldi:typedMember> </xbrli:segment> </xbrli:entity> <xbrli:period> <xbrli:startDate>2025-08-19</xbrli:startDate> <xbrli:endDate>2025-08-19</xbrli:endDate> </xbrli:period> </xbrli:context> <xbrli:context id="offrl_4"> <xbrli:entity> <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001107421</xbrli:identifier> <xbrli:segment> <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis"> <dei:lineNo>4</dei:lineNo> </xbrldi:typedMember> </xbrli:segment> </xbrli:entity> <xbrli:period> <xbrli:startDate>2025-08-19</xbrli:startDate> <xbrli:endDate>2025-08-19</xbrli:endDate> </xbrli:period> </xbrli:context> <xbrli:context id="offrl_5"> <xbrli:entity> <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001107421</xbrli:identifier> <xbrli:segment> <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis"> <dei:lineNo>5</dei:lineNo> </xbrldi:typedMember> </xbrli:segment> </xbrli:entity> <xbrli:period> <xbrli:startDate>2025-08-19</xbrli:startDate> <xbrli:endDate>2025-08-19</xbrli:endDate> </xbrli:period> </xbrli:context> <xbrli:unit id="USD"> <xbrli:measure>iso4217:USD</xbrli:measure> </xbrli:unit> <xbrli:unit id="pure"> <xbrli:measure>xbrli:pure</xbrli:measure> </xbrli:unit> <xbrli:unit id="Shares"> <xbrli:measure>xbrli:shares</xbrli:measure> </xbrli:unit> </ix:resources> </ix:header> </div> <div>
<table style="width: 99%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20pt; text-align: center;">
<tr>
<td colspan="4" style="padding-bottom: .5em"> <p> <b>Calculation of Filing Fee Tables</b> </p> </td> </tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-bottom: .25em"> <p> <b> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:FormTp" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-501">S-3</ix:nonNumeric> </b> </p> </td> </tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-bottom: .25em"> <p> <b> <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-502">Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc.</ix:nonNumeric> </b> </p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
<table style="float: center; width: 100%; text-align: left; ">
<tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px">
<th style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word"> <b>Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities</b> </th>
<th style="vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: right;"> <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hiddenrcOfferingTableNa">&#9744;Not Applicable</span> </th> </tr> </table>
<table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; float: center; width: 100%; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; font-size: 16px;">
<tr style="background-color:#9ADAF6">
<th style="width: 12%;">
 </th>
<th style="width: 2%;">
 </th>
<th style="width: 12%;"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Security Type</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 14%;"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Security Class Title </b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 2%;"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Fee Calculation or Carry Forward Rule</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 5%;"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Amount Registered</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 15%;"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 10%;"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 5%;"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Fee Rate</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 6%;"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Amount of Registration Fee</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 1%;"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Carry Forward Form Type</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 7%;"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Carry Forward File Number</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 6%;"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Carry Forward Initial Effective Date</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 7%;"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Filing Fee Previously Paid in Connection with Unsold Securities to be Carried Forward</b> </p> </th> </tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="14" style="text-align: center"> <b>Newly Registered Securities</b> </td> </tr>
<tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
<td style="text-align: left;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_1" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-503">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> 1 </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-504">Equity</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-505">Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_1" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-506">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-507">50,000,000.00</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-508">0.0001531</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeAmt" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-509">7,655.00</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td> </tr>
<tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
<td style="text-align: left;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_2" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-510">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> 2 </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-511">Equity</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-512">Common Stock (Purchase Shares)</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_2" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-513">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-514">594,816.00</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-515">0.0001531</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeAmt" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-516">91.07</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td> </tr>
<tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
<td style="text-align: left;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_3" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-517">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> 3 </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-518">Equity</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-519">Common Stock (issuable upon exercise of Warrant)</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457aFlg" contextRef="offrl_3" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-520">457(a)</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:AmtSctiesRegd" unitRef="Shares" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-521">79,900</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxOfferingPricPerScty" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-522">2.395</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-523">191,360.50</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-524">0.0001531</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeAmt" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-525">29.30</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td> </tr>
<tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
<td style="text-align: left;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_4" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-526">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> 4 </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-527">Equity</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-528">Common Stock (issuable upon conversion of Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock)</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457aFlg" contextRef="offrl_4" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-529">457(a)</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:AmtSctiesRegd" unitRef="Shares" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-530">217,390</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxOfferingPricPerScty" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-531">2.395</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-532">520,649.05</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-533">0.0001531</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeAmt" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-534">79.71</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td> </tr>
<tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
<td style="text-align: left;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_5" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-535">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> 5 </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-536">Equity</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-537">Common Stock (issuable upon conversion of Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock)</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457aFlg" contextRef="offrl_5" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-538">457(a)</ix:nonNumeric> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:AmtSctiesRegd" unitRef="Shares" decimals="0" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-539">227,170</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxOfferingPricPerScty" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-540">2.395</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-541">544,072.15</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-542">0.0001531</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeAmt" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-543">83.30</ix:nonFraction> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td> </tr>
<tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
<td style="text-align: left;"> Fees Previously Paid </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td> </tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="14" style="text-align: center"> <b>Carry Forward Securities</b> </td> </tr>
<tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
<td style="text-align: left;"> Carry Forward Securities </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td> </tr>
<tr>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">Total Offering Amounts:</p> </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 16%;"> <p id="MaxAggtOfferingPrice" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOfferingAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-544">51,850,897.70</ix:nonFraction> </p> </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 1px black; width: 16%;"> <p id="TotalFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-545">7,938.38</ix:nonFraction> </p> </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td> </tr>
<tr>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right"> Total Fees Previously Paid: </p> </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top"> <p id="TotalPreviouslyPaidAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-546">0.00</ix:nonFraction> </p> </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td> </tr>
<tr>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right"> Total Fee Offsets: </p> </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top"> <p id="TotalOffsetAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOffsetAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-547">0.00</ix:nonFraction> </p> </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td> </tr>
<tr>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right"> Net Fee Due: </p> </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top"> <p id="NetFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right"> <span>$</span> <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:NetFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-548">7,938.38</ix:nonFraction> </p> </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td>
<td>
 </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div>
<table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;"> <tbody>
<tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
<td> <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left; margin-bottom: 5px;"> <b>Offering Note</b> </p> </td>
<td/> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
<table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
<tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
<td style="width:10pt;"> <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;"> <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">1</sup> </p> </td>
<td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-549">(1) The amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price per unit are not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act for the primary offering and Rule 457(c) for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of preferred stock. (2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act. The offering price per share for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock is based on the average of the high ($2.46) and low ($2.33) prices of the registrant's common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 18, 2025, which is $2.395.</ix:nonNumeric> </td> </tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/> </td> </tr>
<tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
<td style="width:10pt;"> <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;"> <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">2</sup> </p> </td>
<td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-550">(1) The amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price per unit are not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act for the primary offering and Rule 457(c) for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of preferred stock. (2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act. The offering price per share for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock is based on the average of the high ($2.46) and low ($2.33) prices of the registrant's common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 18, 2025, which is $2.395. (3) Represents the maximum aggregate offering price for the resale of up to $594,816 of newly issued shares of common stock that may be issued to Mast Hill Fund, L.P. from time to time pursuant to the Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2025.</ix:nonNumeric> </td> </tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/> </td> </tr>
<tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
<td style="width:10pt;"> <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;"> <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">3</sup> </p> </td>
<td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-551">(1) The amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price per unit are not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act for the primary offering and Rule 457(c) for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of preferred stock. (2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act. The offering price per share for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock is based on the average of the high ($2.46) and low ($2.33) prices of the registrant's common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 18, 2025, which is $2.395.</ix:nonNumeric> </td> </tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/> </td> </tr>
<tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
<td style="width:10pt;"> <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;"> <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">4</sup> </p> </td>
<td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-552">(1) The amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price per unit are not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act for the primary offering and Rule 457(c) for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of preferred stock. (2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act. The offering price per share for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock is based on the average of the high ($2.46) and low ($2.33) prices of the registrant's common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 18, 2025, which is $2.395.</ix:nonNumeric> </td> </tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/> </td> </tr>
<tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
<td style="width:10pt;"> <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;"> <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">5</sup> </p> </td>
<td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;"> <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-553">(1) The amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price per unit are not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act for the primary offering and Rule 457(c) for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of preferred stock. (2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act. The offering price per share for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock is based on the average of the high ($2.46) and low ($2.33) prices of the registrant's common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 18, 2025, which is $2.395.</ix:nonNumeric> </td> </tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
<table style="float: center; width: 100%; text-align: left; ">
<tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px">
<th style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word"> <b>Table 2: Fee Offset Claims and Sources</b> </th>
<th style="vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: right;"> <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hiddenrcOffsetTableNa">&#9745;Not Applicable</span> </th> </tr> </table>
<table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; float: center; width: 100%; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black;">
<tr style="background-color:#9ADAF6">
<th style="width: 10%; text-align: left;">
 </th>
<th style="width: 8%; text-align: left;">
 </th>
<th style="width: 16%;"> Registrant or Filer Name </th>
<th style="width: 6%;"> Form or Filing Type </th>
<th style="width: 7%;"> File Number </th>
<th style="width: 6%;"> Initial Filing Date </th>
<th style="width: 6%;"> Filing Date </th>
<th style="width: 6%;"> Fee Offset Claimed </th>
<th style="width: 6%;"> Security Type Associated with Fee Offset Claimed </th>
<th style="width: 8%;"> Security Title Associated with Fee Offset Claimed </th>
<th style="width: 6%;"> Unsold Securities Associated with Fee Offset Claimed </th>
<th style="width: 9%;"> Unsold Aggregate Offering Amount Associated with Fee Offset Claimed </th>
<th style="width: 6%;"> Fee Paid with Fee Offset Source </th> </tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="14" style="text-align: center"> <b>Rules 457(b) and 0-11(a)(2)</b> </td> </tr>
<tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
<td style="text-align: left;"> Fee Offset Claims </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td> </tr>
<tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
<td style="text-align: left;"> Fee Offset Sources </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td> </tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="14" style="text-align: center"> <b>Rule 457(p)</b> </td> </tr>
<tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
<td style="text-align: left;"> Fee Offset Claims </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td> </tr>
<tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
<td style="text-align: left;"> Fee Offset Sources </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: left;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
<table style="float: center; width: 100%; text-align: left; ">
<tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px">
<th style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word"> <b>Table 3: Combined Prospectuses</b> </th>
<th style="vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: right;"> <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hiddenrcCombinedProspectusTableNa">&#9745;Not Applicable</span> </th> </tr> </table>
<table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; float: center; width: 100%; border: 1px solid black;">
<tr style="background-color:#9ADAF6">
<th style="width: 4%">
 </th>
<th style="width: 14%"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Security Type</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 25%"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Security Class Title</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 14%"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Amount of Securities Previously Registered</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 18%"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Maximum Aggregate Offering Price of Securities Previously Registered</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 6%"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Form Type</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 10%"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>File Number</b> </p> </th>
<th style="width: 8%"> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <b>Initial Effective Date</b> </p> </th> </tr>
<tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2;">
<td style="text-align: center;"> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: right;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> N/A </td>
<td style="text-align: center;"> N/A </td> </tr> </table> </div> </body></html>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>g56842g03x03.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 g56842g03x03.jpg
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MTA<S-#568G.2D\(D4Z)#5(.$M,/A\"4G1$5C9*3Q_\0 &P$!  ,! 0$!
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MHDK5&*=.S>J+A8%Q#%BG"U!=H<@Z:/*5@]Q(-CF^//JR7=7&U1T[A$1 $1$
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MVNYOH.U;"P;B:@Q98X;G;'YL=VLD9/;1/XVNY_IX5S3AIV-X2L[B(BS+A$1
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M;FS\QBGPUO\ <M(OX7T*/<^NE#2A=L'XUHK=#3TDMO,$4\^NQQDR+W!P:0X
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M7&P??Z7$^':*ZT;FED[ 7L!VQO\ =-/05V5QG2$1$ 1$0!$1 $1$ : T9-
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MR+PHL8O2[1TSBIQ<7LS4R*%VG2+89X(F5%1+3RAH#M]C.6>6W:,U)J"[VZX
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M^1_W)ZGR\?#5O_D?]RT>BMS9$<N)G#U/EX^&K?\ R/\ N3U/EX^&K?\ R/\
MN6CT3FR'+B9P]3Y>/AJW_P C_N3U/EX^&K?_ "/^Y:/1.;(<N)G#U/EX^&K?
M_(_[D]3Y>/AJW_R/^Y:/1.;(<N)G6CT W>"K@E=>: B-[7D!C]N1SY%HI$59
M2<MRRBEL0K2KA>ZXOL,=JM==3T<#Y ^H,H<2\#V+1EQ9[3T!5+ZGR\?#5O\
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MF!]"MSP]BNVW:>ZT4T5++OCF,:X%PR(V9CG5YHBF4G+<));!$15)"(B (B(
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M@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B
M(B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B( B
M(@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B
M (B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B( B(@"(B (B(
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M,Y;WOVKJY\/!L6D5"6R,VY+S+1]4/4_LY#\[/X$]4/4_LY#\[/X%9?Y)<$?
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MVV(:@CFI0/[E*<+Z%\+V2=E14QS72=AS'99!8#W@ !Z\U9:+-SD_,NH)'\:
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M8MJ[A(3JFIF[6&(=/L6CF'B6D]&& *+ ]K<UCA47.<#LBIRRS_=;R-'EX3Q
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10!$1 $1$ 1$0!$1 $1$!_]D!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Submission<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 19, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems', window );"><strong>Submission [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001107421<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FormTp', window );">Form Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissnTp', window );">Submission Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp', window );">Fee Exhibit Type</a></td>
<td class="text">EX-FILING FEES<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa', window );">Offering Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa', window );">Offset Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa', window );">Combined Prospectus Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeExhibitTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:feeExhibitTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FormTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FormTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissionLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_SubmissnTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissnTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Offerings<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 19, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=1', window );">Offering: 1</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric', window );">Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,000,000.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01531%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeAmt', window );">Amount of Registration Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,655.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">(1) The amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price per unit are not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act for the primary offering and Rule 457(c) for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of preferred stock. (2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act. The offering price per share for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock is based on the average of the high ($2.46) and low ($2.33) prices of the registrant's common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 18, 2025, which is $2.395.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=2', window );">Offering: 2</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock (Purchase Shares)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric', window );">Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 594,816.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01531%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeAmt', window );">Amount of Registration Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 91.07<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">(1) The amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price per unit are not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act for the primary offering and Rule 457(c) for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of preferred stock. (2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act. The offering price per share for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock is based on the average of the high ($2.46) and low ($2.33) prices of the registrant's common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 18, 2025, which is $2.395. (3) Represents the maximum aggregate offering price for the resale of up to $594,816 of newly issued shares of common stock that may be issued to Mast Hill Fund, L.P. from time to time pursuant to the Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2025.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=3', window );">Offering: 3</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457aFlg', window );">Rule 457(a)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock (issuable upon exercise of Warrant)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_AmtSctiesRegd', window );">Amount Registered | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">79,900<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxOfferingPricPerScty', window );">Proposed Maximum Offering Price per Unit</a></td>
<td class="nump">2.395<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric', window );">Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 191,360.50<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01531%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeAmt', window );">Amount of Registration Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 29.30<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">(1) The amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price per unit are not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act for the primary offering and Rule 457(c) for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of preferred stock. (2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act. The offering price per share for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock is based on the average of the high ($2.46) and low ($2.33) prices of the registrant's common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 18, 2025, which is $2.395.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=4', window );">Offering: 4</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457aFlg', window );">Rule 457(a)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock (issuable upon conversion of Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_AmtSctiesRegd', window );">Amount Registered | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">217,390<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxOfferingPricPerScty', window );">Proposed Maximum Offering Price per Unit</a></td>
<td class="nump">2.395<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric', window );">Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 520,649.05<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01531%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeAmt', window );">Amount of Registration Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 79.71<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">(1) The amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price per unit are not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act for the primary offering and Rule 457(c) for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of preferred stock. (2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act. The offering price per share for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock is based on the average of the high ($2.46) and low ($2.33) prices of the registrant's common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 18, 2025, which is $2.395.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=5', window );">Offering: 5</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457aFlg', window );">Rule 457(a)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock (issuable upon conversion of Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_AmtSctiesRegd', window );">Amount Registered | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">227,170<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxOfferingPricPerScty', window );">Proposed Maximum Offering Price per Unit</a></td>
<td class="nump">2.395<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric', window );">Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 544,072.15<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01531%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeAmt', window );">Amount of Registration Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 83.30<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">(1) The amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price per unit are not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act for the primary offering and Rule 457(c) for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of preferred stock. (2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act. The offering price per share for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock is based on the average of the high ($2.46) and low ($2.33) prices of the registrant's common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 18, 2025, which is $2.395.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_AmtSctiesRegd">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of securities being registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_AmtSctiesRegd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total amount of registration fee (amount due after offsets).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The rate per dollar of fees that public companies and other issuers pay to register their securities with the Commission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum aggregate offering price for the offering that is being registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_MaxOfferingPricPerScty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum offering price per share/unit being registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_MaxOfferingPricPerScty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegativeDecimal4lItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingNote">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingNote</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The title of the class of securities being registered (for each class being registered).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTitl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Type of securities: "Asset-backed Securities", "ADRs/ADSs", "Debt", "Debt Convertible into Equity", "Equity", "Face Amount Certificates", "Limited Partnership Interests", "Mortgage Backed Securities", "Non-Convertible Debt", "Unallocated (Universal) Shelf", "Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities", "Other"</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:securityTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingTable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_PrevslyPdFlg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_Rule457aFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(a) to calculate the registration fee due.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_Rule457aFlg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(o) to calculate the registration fee due.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection o<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_Rule457oFlg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=3">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=4">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=5">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>R3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fees Summary<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 19, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems', window );"><strong>Fees Summary [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlOfferingAmt', window );">Total Offering</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 51,850,897.70<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt', window );">Previously Paid Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlFeeAmt', window );">Total Fee Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,938.38<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlOffsetAmt', window );">Total Offset Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_NetFeeAmt', window );">Net Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,938.38<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_NetFeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_NetFeeAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_TtlFeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlFeeAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_TtlOfferingAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlOfferingAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_TtlOffsetAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlOffsetAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>11
<FILENAME>Show.js
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
// Edgar(tm) Renderer was created by staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.  Data and content created by government employees within the scope of their employment are not subject to domestic copyright protection. 17 U.S.C. 105.
var Show={};Show.LastAR=null,Show.showAR=function(a,r,w){if(Show.LastAR)Show.hideAR();var e=a;while(e&&e.nodeName!='TABLE')e=e.nextSibling;if(!e||e.nodeName!='TABLE'){var ref=((window)?w.document:document).getElementById(r);if(ref){e=ref.cloneNode(!0);
e.removeAttribute('id');a.parentNode.appendChild(e)}}
if(e)e.style.display='block';Show.LastAR=e};Show.hideAR=function(){Show.LastAR.style.display='none'};Show.toggleNext=function(a){var e=a;while(e.nodeName!='DIV')e=e.nextSibling;if(!e.style){}else if(!e.style.display){}else{var d,p_;if(e.style.display=='none'){d='block';p='-'}else{d='none';p='+'}
e.style.display=d;if(a.textContent){a.textContent=p+a.textContent.substring(1)}else{a.innerText=p+a.innerText.substring(1)}}}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>12
<FILENAME>report.css
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
/* Updated 2009-11-04 */
/* v2.2.0.24 */

/* DefRef Styles */
.report table.authRefData{
	background-color: #def;
	border: 2px solid #2F4497;
	font-size: 1em;
	position: absolute;
}

.report table.authRefData a {
	display: block;
	font-weight: bold;
}

.report table.authRefData p {
	margin-top: 0px;
}

.report table.authRefData .hide {
	background-color: #2F4497;
	padding: 1px 3px 0px 0px;
	text-align: right;
}

.report table.authRefData .hide a:hover {
	background-color: #2F4497;
}

.report table.authRefData .body {
	height: 150px;
	overflow: auto;
	width: 400px;
}

.report table.authRefData table{
	font-size: 1em;
}

/* Report Styles */
.pl a, .pl a:visited {
	color: black;
	text-decoration: none;
}

/* table */
.report {
	background-color: white;
	border: 2px solid #acf;
	clear: both;
	color: black;
	font: normal 8pt Helvetica, Arial, san-serif;
	margin-bottom: 2em;
}

.report hr {
	border: 1px solid #acf;
}

/* Top labels */
.report th {
	background-color: #acf;
	color: black;
	font-weight: bold;
	text-align: center;
}

.report th.void	{
	background-color: transparent;
	color: #000000;
	font: bold 10pt Helvetica, Arial, san-serif;
	text-align: left;
}

.report .pl {
	text-align: left;
	vertical-align: top;
	white-space: normal;
	width: 200px;
	white-space: normal; /* word-wrap: break-word; */
}

.report td.pl a.a {
	cursor: pointer;
	display: block;
	width: 200px;
	overflow: hidden;
}

.report td.pl div.a {
	width: 200px;
}

.report td.pl a:hover {
	background-color: #ffc;
}

/* Header rows... */
.report tr.rh {
	background-color: #acf;
	color: black;
	font-weight: bold;
}

/* Calendars... */
.report .rc {
	background-color: #f0f0f0;
}

/* Even rows... */
.report .re, .report .reu {
	background-color: #def;
}

.report .reu td {
	border-bottom: 1px solid black;
}

/* Odd rows... */
.report .ro, .report .rou {
	background-color: white;
}

.report .rou td {
	border-bottom: 1px solid black;
}

.report .rou table td, .report .reu table td {
	border-bottom: 0px solid black;
}

/* styles for footnote marker */
.report .fn {
	white-space: nowrap;
}

/* styles for numeric types */
.report .num, .report .nump {
	text-align: right;
	white-space: nowrap;
}

.report .nump {
	padding-left: 2em;
}

.report .nump {
	padding: 0px 0.4em 0px 2em;
}

/* styles for text types */
.report .text {
	text-align: left;
	white-space: normal;
}

.report .text .big {
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	width: 17em;
}

.report .text .more {
	display: none;
}

.report .text .note {
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: bold;
}

.report .text .small {
	width: 10em;
}

.report sup {
	font-style: italic;
}

.report .outerFootnotes {
	font-size: 1em;
}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>14
<FILENAME>FilingSummary.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<FilingSummary>
  <Version>3.25.2</Version>
  <ProcessingTime/>
  <ReportFormat>html</ReportFormat>
  <ContextCount>6</ContextCount>
  <ElementCount>24</ElementCount>
  <EntityCount>1</EntityCount>
  <FootnotesReported>false</FootnotesReported>
  <SegmentCount>1</SegmentCount>
  <ScenarioCount>0</ScenarioCount>
  <TuplesReported>false</TuplesReported>
  <UnitCount>3</UnitCount>
  <MyReports>
    <Report instance="d56842dexfilingfees.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R1.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>995210 - Document - Submission</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable</Role>
      <ShortName>Submission</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Cover</MenuCategory>
      <Position>1</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="d56842dexfilingfees.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R2.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>995211 - Document - Offerings</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable</Role>
      <ShortName>Offerings</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Cover</MenuCategory>
      <Position>2</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="d56842dexfilingfees.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R3.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>995215 - Document - Fees Summary</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable</Role>
      <ShortName>Fees Summary</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Cover</MenuCategory>
      <Position>3</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report>
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <LongName>All Reports</LongName>
      <ReportType>Book</ReportType>
      <ShortName>All Reports</ShortName>
    </Report>
  </MyReports>
  <InputFiles>
    <File doctype="EX-FILING FEES" original="d56842dexfilingfees.htm">d56842dexfilingfees.htm</File>
  </InputFiles>
  <SupplementalFiles/>
  <BaseTaxonomies>
    <BaseTaxonomy items="3">http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025</BaseTaxonomy>
    <BaseTaxonomy items="58">http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025</BaseTaxonomy>
  </BaseTaxonomies>
  <HasPresentationLinkbase>false</HasPresentationLinkbase>
  <HasCalculationLinkbase>false</HasCalculationLinkbase>
</FilingSummary>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>JSON
<SEQUENCE>16
<FILENAME>MetaLinks.json
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
{
 "version": "2.2",
 "instance": {
  "d56842dexfilingfees.htm": {
   "dts": {
    "inline": {
     "local": [
      "d56842dexfilingfees.htm"
     ]
    },
    "schema": {
     "remote": [
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xl-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xlink-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/arcrole/deprecated-2009-12-16.xsd",
      "https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025/ffd-2025.xsd"
     ]
    }
   },
   "keyStandard": 24,
   "keyCustom": 0,
   "axisStandard": 1,
   "axisCustom": 0,
   "memberStandard": 1,
   "memberCustom": 0,
   "hidden": {
    "total": 8,
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025": 6,
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025": 2
   },
   "contextCount": 6,
   "entityCount": 1,
   "segmentCount": 1,
   "elementCount": 107,
   "unitCount": 3,
   "baseTaxonomies": {
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025": 58,
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025": 3
   },
   "report": {
    "R1": {
     "role": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable",
     "longName": "995210 - Document - Submission",
     "shortName": "Submission",
     "isDefault": "true",
     "groupType": "Fee_Exhibit",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Cover",
     "order": "1",
     "firstAnchor": null,
     "uniqueAnchor": null
    },
    "R2": {
     "role": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable",
     "longName": "995211 - Document - Offerings",
     "shortName": "Offerings",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "Fee_Exhibit",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Cover",
     "order": "2",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "offrl_1",
      "name": "ffd:PrevslyPdFlg",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "d56842dexfilingfees.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "offrl_1",
      "name": "ffd:PrevslyPdFlg",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "d56842dexfilingfees.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R3": {
     "role": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable",
     "longName": "995215 - Document - Fees Summary",
     "shortName": "Fees Summary",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "Fee_Exhibit",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Cover",
     "order": "3",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "rc",
      "name": "ffd:TtlOfferingAmt",
      "unitRef": "USD",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "d56842dexfilingfees.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "rc",
      "name": "ffd:TtlOfferingAmt",
      "unitRef": "USD",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "INF",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "d56842dexfilingfees.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    }
   },
   "tag": {
    "ffd_AggtRedRpPricFsclYr": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "AggtRedRpPricFsclYr",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Aggregate Redeemed or Repurchased Price, Fiscal Year",
        "terseLabel": "Aggregate Redeemed or Repurchased, FY"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_AggtRedRpPricPrrFsclYr": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "AggtRedRpPricPrrFsclYr",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Aggregate Redeemed or Repurchased Price, Prior Fiscal Year",
        "terseLabel": "Aggregate Redeemed or Repurchased, Prior FY"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_AggtSalesPricFsclYr": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "AggtSalesPricFsclYr",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Aggregate Sales Price, Fiscal Year",
        "terseLabel": "Aggregate Sales Price"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_AmtRedCdts": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "AmtRedCdts",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Amount of Redemption Credits",
        "terseLabel": "Redemption Credits"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_AmtSctiesRcvd": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "AmtSctiesRcvd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Amount of Securities Received",
        "terseLabel": "Amount of Securities Received",
        "documentation": "Amount of securities to be received by the registrant (or cancelled upon issuance of securities to be registered on the form)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_AmtSctiesRegd": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "AmtSctiesRegd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Amount of Securities Registered",
        "terseLabel": "Amount Registered",
        "documentation": "The amount of securities being registered."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CeasedOprsDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CeasedOprsDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Ceased Operations Date",
        "terseLabel": "Ceased Operations Date"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_CfwdFormTp": {
     "xbrltype": "formTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CfwdFormTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Carry Forward Form Type",
        "terseLabel": "Carry Forward Form Type",
        "documentation": "The Form Type of the prior shelf registration statement from which unsold securities are carried forward under 415(a)(6). This should be an EDGAR submission type (S-3, S-3/A, S-3ASR, etc.), which means there is a fixed set of possible responses. Note that while the XBRL response should be an EDGAR submission type, the human-readable Ex. 107 could include a simpler label (e.g., \"Form S-3\" in the human-readable and \"S-3ASR\" in the XBRL)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CfwdPrevslyPdFee": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CfwdPrevslyPdFee",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Carry Forward Previously Paid Fee",
        "terseLabel": "Filing Fee Previously Paid in Connection with Unsold Securities to be Carried Forward",
        "documentation": "The fee previously paid in connection with the securities being brought forward from the prior shelf registration statement on which unsold securities are carried forward under 415(a)(6)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CfwdPrrFctvDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CfwdPrrFctvDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Carry Forward Prior Effective Date",
        "terseLabel": "Carry Forward Initial Effective Date",
        "documentation": "The initial effective date of the prior shelf registration statement from which unsold securities are carried forward under 415(a)(6)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CfwdPrrFileNb": {
     "xbrltype": "fileNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CfwdPrrFileNb",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Carry Forward File Number",
        "terseLabel": "Carry Forward File Number",
        "documentation": "The EDGAR File Number of the prior shelf registration statement from which unsold securities are carried forward under 415(a)(6). If the prior registration statement has a Securities Act File Number and an Investment Company Act File Number, the Securities Act File Number should be used."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CmbndPrspctsItemAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CmbndPrspctsItemAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Combined Prospectus Item [Axis]",
        "terseLabel": "Combined Prospectus",
        "documentation": "A sequence number (1, 2, 3...) used to distinguish different references to earlier prospectuses on a single fee bearing submission."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CmbndPrspctsLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CmbndPrspctsLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Combined Prospectus [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Combined Prospectus:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CmbndPrspctsTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CmbndPrspctsTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Combined Prospectus [Table]",
        "terseLabel": "Combined Prospectus Table"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa": {
     "xbrltype": "naItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CombinedProspectusTableNa",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Combined Prospectus Table [N/A]",
        "terseLabel": "Combined Prospectus Table N/A"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_CshPdByRegistrantInTx": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CshPdByRegistrantInTx",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash Paid by Registrant in Transaction",
        "terseLabel": "Cash Consideration Paid",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash consideration paid by registrant in connection with the exchange or other transaction being registered (in a 457(f) calculation)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r12"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CshRcvdByRegistrantInTx": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "CshRcvdByRegistrantInTx",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash Received by Registrant in Transaction",
        "terseLabel": "Cash Consideration Received",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash consideration received by registrant in connection with the exchange or other transaction being registered (in a 457(f) calculation)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r12"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityCentralIndexKey": {
     "xbrltype": "centralIndexKeyItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityCentralIndexKey",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Central Index Key",
        "terseLabel": "Central Index Key",
        "documentation": "A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r0"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityRegistrantName": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityRegistrantName",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Registrant Name",
        "terseLabel": "Registrant Name",
        "documentation": "The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r0"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeeAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeeAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable",
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Amount of Registration Fee",
        "documentation": "Total amount of registration fee (amount due after offsets)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeeExhibitTp": {
     "xbrltype": "feeExhibitTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeeExhibitTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Exhibit Type",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Exhibit Type"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_FeeIntrstAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeeIntrstAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Interest Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Interest Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeeNote": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeeNote",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Note",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Note"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeeNoteMaxAggtOfferingPric": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeeNoteMaxAggtOfferingPric",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Note Maximum Aggregate Offering Price",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Note MAOP"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeeRate": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeeRate",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable",
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Rate",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Rate",
        "documentation": "The rate per dollar of fees that public companies and other issuers pay to register their securities with the Commission."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeesOthrRuleFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeesOthrRuleFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fees, Other Rule [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Other Rule",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using a rule other than 457(a), 457(o), or 457(f) to calculate the registration fee due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FeesSummaryLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fees Summary [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Fees Summary:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FnlPrspctsFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FnlPrspctsFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Final Prospectus [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Final Prospectus"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FormTp": {
     "xbrltype": "submissionTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "FormTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Form Type",
        "terseLabel": "Form Type"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_GnlInstrIIhiFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "GnlInstrIIhiFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "General Instruction II.H,I [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "General Instruction II.H,I"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrBizAdrCity": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "IssrBizAdrCity",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Business Address, City",
        "terseLabel": "City"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrBizAdrStatOrCtryCd": {
     "xbrltype": "stateOrCountryCodeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "IssrBizAdrStatOrCtryCd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Business Address, State or Country Code",
        "terseLabel": "State or Country Code"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrBizAdrStrt1": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "IssrBizAdrStrt1",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Business Address, Street 1",
        "terseLabel": "Street 1"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrBizAdrStrt2": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "IssrBizAdrStrt2",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Business Address, Street 2",
        "terseLabel": "Street 2"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrBizAdrZipCd": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "IssrBizAdrZipCd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Business Address, Zip Code",
        "terseLabel": "Zip Code"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrNm": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "IssrNm",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Name",
        "terseLabel": "Issuer Name"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "MaxAggtOfferingPric",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Maximum Aggregate Offering Price",
        "terseLabel": "Maximum Aggregate Offering Price",
        "documentation": "The maximum aggregate offering price for the offering that is being registered."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_MaxOfferingPricPerScty": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal4lItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "MaxOfferingPricPerScty",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Maximum Offering Price per Security",
        "terseLabel": "Proposed Maximum Offering Price per Unit",
        "documentation": "The maximum offering price per share/unit being registered."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_NetFeeAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "NetFeeAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Net Fee Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Net Fee"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_NetSalesAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "NetSalesAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Net Sales Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Net Sales"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_NrrtvDsclsr": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "NrrtvDsclsr",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Narrative Disclosure",
        "terseLabel": "Narrative Disclosure"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_NrrtvMaxAggtAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "NrrtvMaxAggtAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Narrative Disclosure, Maximum Aggregate Offering Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Narrative - Max Aggregate Offering Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_NrrtvMaxAggtOfferingPric": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "NrrtvMaxAggtOfferingPric",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Narrative Disclosure, Maximum Aggregate Offering Price",
        "terseLabel": "Narrative - Max Aggregate Offering Price"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OfferingAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OfferingAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering [Axis]",
        "terseLabel": "Offering",
        "documentation": "A sequence number (1, 2, 3...) used to distinguish different security offerings on a single fee bearing submission."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_OfferingLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OfferingLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Offering:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_OfferingNote": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OfferingNote",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering Note",
        "terseLabel": "Offering Note"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OfferingSctyTitl": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTitleItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OfferingSctyTitl",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable",
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering Security Title",
        "terseLabel": "Security Class Title",
        "documentation": "The title of the class of securities being registered (for each class being registered)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OfferingSctyTp": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OfferingSctyTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering Security Type",
        "terseLabel": "Security Type",
        "documentation": "Type of securities: \"Asset-backed Securities\", \"ADRs/ADSs\", \"Debt\", \"Debt Convertible into Equity\", \"Equity\", \"Face Amount Certificates\", \"Limited Partnership Interests\", \"Mortgage Backed Securities\", \"Non-Convertible Debt\", \"Unallocated (Universal) Shelf\", \"Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities\", \"Other\""
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OfferingTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OfferingTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering [Table]",
        "terseLabel": "Offering:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_OfferingTableNa": {
     "xbrltype": "naItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OfferingTableNa",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering Table [N/A]",
        "terseLabel": "Offering Table N/A"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_OffsetAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset [Axis]",
        "terseLabel": "Offset",
        "documentation": "A sequence number (1, 2, 3...) used to distinguish different offsets as applied to a fee bearing submission."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetClmInitlFilgDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetClmInitlFilgDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Claim Initial Filing Date",
        "terseLabel": "Initial Filing Date",
        "documentation": "The initial filing date of the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid for a claimed offset. If the offset fee was paid with an amendment, do not provide the amendment date under this element; instead, provide the date of the initial filing (i.e. the \"parent\" filing) ."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetClmdAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetClmdAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Claimed Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Offset Claimed",
        "documentation": "The amount of offsetting fees being claimed."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetClmdInd": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetClmdInd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Claimed Indicator",
        "terseLabel": "Offset Claimed"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetExpltnForClmdAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetExpltnForClmdAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Explanation for Claimed Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Explanation for Claimed Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Offset:",
        "label": "Offset [Line Items]"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetNote": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetNote",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Note",
        "terseLabel": "Offset Note"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrFeeAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrFeeAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Fee Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Paid with Fee Offset Source",
        "documentation": "The fee previously paid from which an offset is being derived."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrFileNb": {
     "xbrltype": "fileNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrFileNb",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior File Number",
        "terseLabel": "File Number",
        "documentation": "The EDGAR File Number of the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid. If the offset filing for the offset has a Securities Act File Number and an Investment Company Act File Number, the Securities Act File Number should be used."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrFilerNm": {
     "xbrltype": "filerNameItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrFilerNm",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Filer Name",
        "terseLabel": "Registrant or Filer Name",
        "documentation": "The name of the registrant that filed the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrFormTp": {
     "xbrltype": "formTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrFormTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Form Type",
        "terseLabel": "Form or Filing Type",
        "documentation": "The Form Type of the offset filing."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrNbOfUnsoldScties": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeIntegerItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrNbOfUnsoldScties",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Unsold Number of Securities",
        "terseLabel": "Unsold Securities Associated with Fee Offset Claimed",
        "documentation": "The number of unsold securities registered on the prior registration statement that are associated with the claimed offset."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrSctyTitl": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTitleItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrSctyTitl",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Security Title",
        "terseLabel": "Security Title Associated with Fee Offset Claimed",
        "documentation": "The title of the class of securities from which offset fees were derived."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrSctyTp": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrSctyTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Security Type",
        "terseLabel": "Security Type Associated with Fee Offset Claimed",
        "documentation": "Type of securities: \"Asset-backed Securities\", \"ADRs/ADSs\", \"Debt\", \"Debt Convertible into Equity\", \"Equity\", \"Face Amount Certificates\", \"Limited Partnership Interests\", \"Mortgage Backed Securities\", \"Non-Convertible Debt\", \"Unallocated (Universal) Shelf\", \"Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities\", \"Other\""
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrUnsoldOfferingAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrUnsoldOfferingAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Unsold Offering Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Unsold Aggregate Offering Amount Associated with Fee Offset Claimed",
        "documentation": "The aggregate offering amount of unsold securities registered on the prior registration statement that are associated with the claimed offset."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetSrcFilgDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetSrcFilgDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Source Filing Date",
        "terseLabel": "Filing Date",
        "documentation": "The filing date of the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid in an offset."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Offset Payment:",
        "label": "Offset [Table]"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetTableNa": {
     "xbrltype": "naItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "OffsetTableNa",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Table [N/A]",
        "terseLabel": "Offset Table N/A"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_PrevslyPdFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "PrevslyPdFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable",
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Previously Paid [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Previously Paid"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_RegnFileNb": {
     "xbrltype": "fileNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "RegnFileNb",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Registration File Number",
        "terseLabel": "Registration File Number"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_RptgFsclYrEndDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "RptgFsclYrEndDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Reporting Fiscal Year End Date",
        "terseLabel": "Reporting FY End Date"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_Rule011Flg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule011Flg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 0-11 [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 0-11"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_Rule011a2OffsetFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule011a2OffsetFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Rule 0-11(a)(2) Offset",
        "label": "Rule 0-11(a)(2) Offset [Flag]"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_Rule415a6Flg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule415a6Flg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 415(a)(6) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 415(a)(6)",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is claiming a 415(a)(6) carryforward."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429AggtOfferingAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429AggtOfferingAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Aggregate Offering Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Maximum Aggregate Offering Price of Securities Previously Registered",
        "documentation": "The maximum aggregate offering amount of unsold securities registered on the prior registration statement that are carried forward under Rule 429. Only applicable if 457(o) was used in the fee calculation for the prior registration statement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429CmbndPrspctsFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429CmbndPrspctsFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Combined Prospectus [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 429",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using a combined prospectus under Rule 429."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429EarlierFileNb": {
     "xbrltype": "fileNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429EarlierFileNb",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Earlier File Number",
        "terseLabel": "File Number",
        "documentation": "The Securities Act File Number of the earlier effective registration statement(s) from which securities may be offered and sold using the combined prospectus pursuant to Rule 429."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429EarlierFormTp": {
     "xbrltype": "formTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429EarlierFormTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Earlier Form Type",
        "terseLabel": "Form Type",
        "documentation": "The Form Type of the earlier registration statement from which unsold securities are carried forward under Rule 429. This should be an EDGAR submission type (S-3, S-3/A, S-3ASR, etc.), which means there is a fixed set of possible responses. Note that while the XBRL response should be an EDGAR submission type, the human-readable Ex. 107 could include a simpler label (e.g., \"Form S-3\" in the human-readable and \"S-3ASR\" in the XBRL)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429InitlFctvDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429InitlFctvDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Initial Effective Date",
        "terseLabel": "Initial Effective Date",
        "documentation": "The filing date of the earlier registration statement from which unsold securities are carried forward under Rule 429."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429NbOfUnsoldScties": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429NbOfUnsoldScties",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Number Of Unsold Securities",
        "terseLabel": "Amount of Securities Previously Registered",
        "documentation": "The number of securities registered on the prior registration statement that are carried forward under Rule 429."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429PrspctsNote": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429PrspctsNote",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Prospectus Note",
        "terseLabel": "Combined Prospectus Note"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429SctyTitl": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTitleItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429SctyTitl",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Security Title",
        "terseLabel": "Security Class Title"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429SctyTp": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule429SctyTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Security Type",
        "terseLabel": "Security Type"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457aFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457aFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(a) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(a)",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(a) to calculate the registration fee due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r4"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457bOffsetFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457bOffsetFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(b) Offset [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(b) Offset",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is claiming an offset under Rule 457(b) or 0-11(a)(2)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457fFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457fFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(f) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(f)",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(f) to calculate the registration fee due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457oFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457oFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(o) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(o)",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(o) to calculate the registration fee due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r7"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457pOffsetFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457pOffsetFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(p) Offset [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(p) Offset",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is claiming an offset under Rule 457(p)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457rFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457rFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(r) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(r)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r9"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457sFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457sFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(s) Flag",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(s)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r10"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457uFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Rule457uFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(u) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(u)",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(u) to calculate the registration fee due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r11"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Scties424iAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Scties424iAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Securities, 424I [Axis]",
        "terseLabel": "Securities, 424I"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Scties424iLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Scties424iLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Securities, 424I [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Securities, 424I:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Scties424iTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Scties424iTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Securities, 424I [Table]",
        "terseLabel": "Securities, 424I Table"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Securities424iTableNa": {
     "xbrltype": "naItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "Securities424iNa",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Securities 424I [N/A]",
        "terseLabel": "Securities 424I N/A"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_SubmissionLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "SubmissionLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Submission [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Items"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_SubmissnTp": {
     "xbrltype": "submissionTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "SubmissnTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Submission Type",
        "terseLabel": "Submission Type"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_TermntnCmpltnWdrwl": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TermntnCmpltnWdrwl",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Termination / Completion / Withdrawal Statement",
        "terseLabel": "Termination / Withdrawal Statement"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_TtlFeeAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TtlFeeAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Fee Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Total Fee Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TtlFeeAndIntrstAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TtlFeeAndIntrstAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Fee and Interest Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Total Fee and Interest Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TtlOfferingAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TtlOfferingAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Offering Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Total Offering"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TtlOffsetAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TtlOffsetAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Offset Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Total Offset Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TtlPrevslyPdAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Previously Paid Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Previously Paid Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TtlTxValtn": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TtlTxValtn",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Transaction Valuation",
        "terseLabel": "Total Transaction Valuation"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TxValtn": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "TxValtn",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Transaction Valuation",
        "terseLabel": "Transaction Valuation"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_ValSctiesRcvd": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "ValSctiesRcvd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Value of Securities Received",
        "terseLabel": "Value of Securities Received",
        "documentation": "Value of securities to be received by the registrant (or cancelled upon issuance of securities to be registered on the form)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_ValSctiesRcvdPerShr": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal4lItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025",
     "localname": "ValSctiesRcvdPerShr",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Value of Securities Received, Per Share",
        "terseLabel": "Value of Securities Received, Per Share",
        "documentation": "Value per share of securities to be received by the registrant (or cancelled upon issuance of securities to be registered on the form). This is included in the explanation of 457(f) fee calculation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6"
     ]
    }
   }
  }
 },
 "std_ref": {
  "r0": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12",
   "Subsection": "b-2"
  },
  "r1": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230"
  },
  "r2": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "415",
   "Subsection": "a"
  },
  "r3": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "429"
  },
  "r4": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457"
  },
  "r5": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "b"
  },
  "r6": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "f"
  },
  "r7": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "o"
  },
  "r8": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "p"
  },
  "r9": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "r"
  },
  "r10": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "s"
  },
  "r11": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "u"
  },
  "r12": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Subsection": "f",
   "Section": "457"
  }
 }
}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>ZIP
<SEQUENCE>17
<FILENAME>0001193125-25-184432-xbrl.zip
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
begin 644 0001193125-25-184432-xbrl.zip
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MU&NWRKWD:P=ARQ<FI>8]J36GV[T0J[N+"IO>1G4@Y=J[Z+;-ZYP4>2<)6[W
M:2<'EWMC4WDTS]\S*A;\K#B[!>DZ#8]!NP9!FV*AVUES&LSLP?\!4$L! A0#
M%     @ PZ,46R(M2#6)#@  088  !<              ( !     &0U-C@T
H,F1E>&9I;&EN9V9E97,N:'1M4$L%!@     !  $ 10   +X.      $!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>18
<FILENAME>d56842dexfilingfees_htm.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xbrl
  xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"
  xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025"
  xmlns:ffd="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025"
  xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217"
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <link:schemaRef
      xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025/ffd-2025.xsd"
      xlink:type="simple"/>
    <context id="rc">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001107421</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-08-19</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-08-19</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="offrl_1">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001107421</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>1</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-08-19</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-08-19</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="offrl_2">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001107421</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>2</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-08-19</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-08-19</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="offrl_3">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001107421</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>3</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-08-19</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-08-19</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="offrl_4">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001107421</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>4</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-08-19</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-08-19</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="offrl_5">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001107421</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>5</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-08-19</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-08-19</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <unit id="USD">
        <measure>iso4217:USD</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="pure">
        <measure>pure</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="Shares">
        <measure>shares</measure>
    </unit>
    <ffd:FormTp contextRef="rc" id="ixv-433">S-3</ffd:FormTp>
    <ffd:SubmissnTp contextRef="rc" id="ixv-434">S-3</ffd:SubmissnTp>
    <ffd:FeeExhibitTp contextRef="rc" id="ixv-435">EX-FILING FEES</ffd:FeeExhibitTp>
    <dei:EntityCentralIndexKey contextRef="rc" id="ixv-436">0001107421</dei:EntityCentralIndexKey>
    <dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="rc" id="ixv-437">Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc.</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
    <ffd:OfferingTableNa contextRef="rc" id="hiddenrcOfferingTableNa" xsi:nil="true"/>
    <ffd:OffsetTableNa contextRef="rc" id="hiddenrcOffsetTableNa">N/A</ffd:OffsetTableNa>
    <ffd:CombinedProspectusTableNa contextRef="rc" id="hiddenrcCombinedProspectusTableNa">N/A</ffd:CombinedProspectusTableNa>
    <ffd:FormTp contextRef="rc" id="ixv-501">S-3</ffd:FormTp>
    <dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="rc" id="ixv-502">Alaunos Therapeutics, Inc.</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-503">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-504">Equity</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-505">Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-506">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric
      contextRef="offrl_1"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-507"
      unitRef="USD">50000000.00</ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_1"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-508"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001531</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FeeAmt
      contextRef="offrl_1"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-509"
      unitRef="USD">7655.00</ffd:FeeAmt>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-510">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-511">Equity</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-512">Common Stock (Purchase Shares)</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-513">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric
      contextRef="offrl_2"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-514"
      unitRef="USD">594816.00</ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_2"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-515"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001531</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FeeAmt
      contextRef="offrl_2"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-516"
      unitRef="USD">91.07</ffd:FeeAmt>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-517">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-518">Equity</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-519">Common Stock (issuable upon exercise of Warrant)</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457aFlg contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-520">true</ffd:Rule457aFlg>
    <ffd:AmtSctiesRegd
      contextRef="offrl_3"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-521"
      unitRef="Shares">79900</ffd:AmtSctiesRegd>
    <ffd:MaxOfferingPricPerScty
      contextRef="offrl_3"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-522"
      unitRef="USD">2.395</ffd:MaxOfferingPricPerScty>
    <ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric
      contextRef="offrl_3"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-523"
      unitRef="USD">191360.50</ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_3"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-524"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001531</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FeeAmt
      contextRef="offrl_3"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-525"
      unitRef="USD">29.30</ffd:FeeAmt>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-526">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-527">Equity</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-528">Common Stock (issuable upon conversion of Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock)</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457aFlg contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-529">true</ffd:Rule457aFlg>
    <ffd:AmtSctiesRegd
      contextRef="offrl_4"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-530"
      unitRef="Shares">217390</ffd:AmtSctiesRegd>
    <ffd:MaxOfferingPricPerScty
      contextRef="offrl_4"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-531"
      unitRef="USD">2.395</ffd:MaxOfferingPricPerScty>
    <ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric
      contextRef="offrl_4"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-532"
      unitRef="USD">520649.05</ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_4"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-533"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001531</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FeeAmt
      contextRef="offrl_4"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-534"
      unitRef="USD">79.71</ffd:FeeAmt>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-535">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-536">Equity</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-537">Common Stock (issuable upon conversion of Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock)</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457aFlg contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-538">true</ffd:Rule457aFlg>
    <ffd:AmtSctiesRegd
      contextRef="offrl_5"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-539"
      unitRef="Shares">227170</ffd:AmtSctiesRegd>
    <ffd:MaxOfferingPricPerScty
      contextRef="offrl_5"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-540"
      unitRef="USD">2.395</ffd:MaxOfferingPricPerScty>
    <ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric
      contextRef="offrl_5"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-541"
      unitRef="USD">544072.15</ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_5"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-542"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001531</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FeeAmt
      contextRef="offrl_5"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-543"
      unitRef="USD">83.30</ffd:FeeAmt>
    <ffd:TtlOfferingAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" id="ixv-544" unitRef="USD">51850897.70</ffd:TtlOfferingAmt>
    <ffd:TtlFeeAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" id="ixv-545" unitRef="USD">7938.38</ffd:TtlFeeAmt>
    <ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" id="ixv-546" unitRef="USD">0.00</ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt>
    <ffd:TtlOffsetAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" id="ixv-547" unitRef="USD">0.00</ffd:TtlOffsetAmt>
    <ffd:NetFeeAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" id="ixv-548" unitRef="USD">7938.38</ffd:NetFeeAmt>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-549">(1) The amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price per unit are not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act for the primary offering and Rule 457(c) for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of preferred stock. (2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act. The offering price per share for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock is based on the average of the high ($2.46) and low ($2.33) prices of the registrant's common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 18, 2025, which is $2.395.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-550">(1) The amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price per unit are not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act for the primary offering and Rule 457(c) for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of preferred stock. (2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act. The offering price per share for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock is based on the average of the high ($2.46) and low ($2.33) prices of the registrant's common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 18, 2025, which is $2.395. (3) Represents the maximum aggregate offering price for the resale of up to $594,816 of newly issued shares of common stock that may be issued to Mast Hill Fund, L.P. from time to time pursuant to the Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2025.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-551">(1) The amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price per unit are not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act for the primary offering and Rule 457(c) for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of preferred stock. (2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act. The offering price per share for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock is based on the average of the high ($2.46) and low ($2.33) prices of the registrant's common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 18, 2025, which is $2.395.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-552">(1) The amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price per unit are not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act for the primary offering and Rule 457(c) for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of preferred stock. (2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act. The offering price per share for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock is based on the average of the high ($2.46) and low ($2.33) prices of the registrant's common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 18, 2025, which is $2.395.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-553">(1) The amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price per unit are not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to General Instruction II.D to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act for the primary offering and Rule 457(c) for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of preferred stock. (2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act. The offering price per share for the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and conversion of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock is based on the average of the high ($2.46) and low ($2.33) prices of the registrant's common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 18, 2025, which is $2.395.</ffd:OfferingNote>
</xbrl>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
