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Income Taxes | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2018
Income Taxes [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | (14) Income Taxes United States Orient Paper and Shengde Holdings are incorporated in the State of Nevada and are subject to the U.S. federal tax and state statutory tax rates up to 34% and 0%, respectively. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 TCJAAct”), which significantly changed U.S. tax law. The Act 2017 TCJA lowered the Company’s U.S. statutory federal income tax rate from the highest rate of 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, while also imposing a deemed repatriation tax on deferred foreign income which requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on previously unremitted earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 118, which provides guidance on accounting for enactment effects of the 2017 TCJA. SAB 118 provides a measurement period of up to one year from the 2017 TCJA’s enactment date for companies to complete their accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, to the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the 2017 TCJA is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in its financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in its financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the 2017 TCJA. In connection with the Company’s initial analysis of the impact of the enactment of the 2017 TCJA, the Company recorded a net tax expense of approximately $80,000 in the fourth quarter of 2017. For various reasons that are discussed more fully below, including the issuance of additional technical and interpretive guidance, the Company has not completed its accounting for the income tax effects of certain elements of the 2017 TCJA. However, with respect to the following, the Company was able to make reasonable estimates of the 2017 TCJA’s effects and, as such, recorded provisional amounts: Transition tax: The transition tax is a tax on previously untaxed accumulated and current earnings and profits (E&P) of certain of the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries. To determine the amount of the transition tax, the Company must determine, in addition to other factors, the amount of post-1986 E&P of the relevant subsidiaries, as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. Further, the transition tax is based in part on the amount of those earnings held in cash and other specified assets. The Company was able to make a reasonable estimate of the transition tax and recorded a provisional obligation and additional income tax expense of approximately $80,000 in the fourth quarter of 2017. However, the Company is continuing to gather additional information and will consider additional technical guidance to more precisely compute and account for the amount of the transition tax. This amount may change when the Company finalizes the calculation of post-1986 foreign E&P previously deferred from U.S. federal taxation and finalizes the amounts held in cash or other specified assets. The 2017 TCJA’s transition tax is payable over eight years beginning in 2018. Hence, the Company only provided $6,528 for the year ended 31 December 2017. PRC Orient Paper HB and Orient Paper Shengde are PRC operating companies and are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax. Pursuant to the PRC New Enterprise Income Tax Law, Enterprise Income Tax is generally imposed at a statutory rate of 25%. The provisions for income taxes for three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Provision for Income Taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Tax Provision PRC |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,121,421 |
Deferred Tax Provision PRC |  |  | (538,969 | ) |  |  | (578,139 | )
Total Provision for Income Taxes |  | $ | (538,969 | ) |  | $ | 543,282 |
In addition to the reversible future PRC income tax benefits stemming from the timing differences of items such as recognition of asset disposal gain or loss and asset depreciation, Orient Paper, Inc. was incorporated in the United States and incurred aggregate net operating losses of approximately $nil and $6,710,939 for U.S. income tax purposes for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The net operating loss carried forward may be available to reduce future years’ taxable income. These carry forwards would expire, if not utilized, during the period of 2030 through 2035. As of December 31, 2016, management believed that the realization of all the U.S. income tax benefits from these losses, which generally would generate a deferred tax asset if it can be expected to be utilized in the future, appears not more than likely due to the Company’s limited operating history and continuing losses for United States income tax purposes. Accordingly, As of December 31, 2016, the Company provided a 100% valuation allowance on the U.S. deferred tax asset benefit to reduce the total deferred tax asset to the amount realizable for the PRC income tax purposes. Management reviews this valuation allowance periodically and will make adjustments as warranted. A summary of the otherwise deductible (or taxable) deferred tax items is as follows:
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment |  | $ | 5,123,762 |  |  | $ | 2,766,595 |
Impairment of property, plant and equipment |  |  | 440,080 |  |  |  | 372,514 |
Miscellaneous |  |  | 712,517 |  |  |  | (21,472 | )
Net operating loss carryover of PRC company |  |  | 1,094,887 |  |  |  | 147,204 |
Net operating loss carryover for U.S. income tax purposes |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,949,287 |
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | 7,371,246 |  |  |  | 6,214,128 |
Less: Valuation allowance |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,949,287 | )
Total deferred tax assets, net |  | $ | 7,371,246 |  |  | $ | 3,264,841 |
The following table reconciles the statutory rates to the Company’s effective tax rate for:
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
PRC Statutory rate |  |  | 25 | % |  |  | 25.0 | %
Effect of different tax jurisdiction |  |  | 0.0 |  |  |  | 0.5 |
Effect of expenses not deductible for PRC tax purposes |  |  | 13.3 |  |  |  | 0.4 |
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | 0.0 |  |  |  | (1.8 | )
Effective income tax rate |  |  | 11.7 | % |  |  | 24.1 | %
During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the effective income tax rate was estimated by the Company to be 11.7% and 24.13%, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, except for the one-time transition tax under the 2017 TCJA which imposes a U.S. tax liability on all unrepatriated foreign E&Ps, the Company does not believe that its future dividend policy and the available U.S. tax deductions and net operating losses will cause the Company to recognize any other substantial current U.S. federal or state corporate income tax liability in the near future. Nor does it believes that the amount of the repatriation of the VIE’s earnings and profits for purposes of paying dividends will change the Company’s position that its PRC subsidiary Orient Paper Shengde and the VIE, Orient Paper HB are considered or are expected to be indefinitely reinvested offshore to support our future capacity expansion. If these earnings are repatriated to the U.S. resulting in U.S. taxable income in the future, or if it is determined that such earnings are to be remitted in the foreseeable future, additional tax provisions would be required. The Company has adopted ASC Topic 740-10-05, Income Taxes. To date, the adoption of this interpretation has not impacted the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The Company performed self-assessment and the Company’s liability for income taxes includes the liability for unrecognized tax benefits, interest and penalties which relate to tax years still subject to review by taxing authorities. Audit periods remain open for review until the statute of limitations has passed, which in the PRC is usually 5 years. The completion of review or the expiration of the statute of limitations for a given audit period could result in an adjustment to the Company’s liability for income taxes. Any such adjustment could be material to the Company’s results of operations for any given quarterly or annual period based, in part, upon the results of operations for the given period. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, management considered that the Company had no uncertain tax positions affecting its consolidated financial position and results of operations or cash flows, and will continue to evaluate for any uncertain position in future. There are no estimated interest costs and penalties provided in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company’s tax positions related to open tax years are subject to examination by the relevant tax authorities and the major one is the China Tax Authority.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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