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Stock Warrants

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

(12) Stock warrants

On August 27, 2014, the Company issued 1,562,500 shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase up to 781,250 shares of our common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $1.70 per share. These warrants are exercisable immediately upon issuance on September 3, 2014 and have a term of exercise equal to five years from the date of issuance till September 2, 2019. The fair value of these shares amounted to $780,000, is classified as equity at the date of issuance.

The fair value of the warrants issued was estimated by using the Binominal pricing model with the following assumptions:

Terms of warrants			5 years
Expected volatility			72.0
Risk-free interest rate			1.69
Expected dividend yield			0.81

In connection with the Offering, the Company issued warrants to its placement agent of this Offering, which can purchase an aggregate of up to 2.50% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold in the Offering, i.e. 39,062 shares. These warrants have substantially the same terms as the warrants issued to purchaser in the Offering, except that the exercise price is $2.00 per share and the expiration date is from September 3, 2014 to June 26, 2019. The fair value of these shares amounted to $35,191, is classified in the equity at the date of issuance to net off the proceeds from the issuance of the shares and warrants.

The fair value of the warrants issued was estimated by using the Binominal pricing model with the following assumptions:

Terms of warrants			4.81 years
Expected volatility			69.8
Risk-free interest rate			1.62
Expected dividend yield			0.81

The Company applied judgment in estimating key assumptions in determining the fair value of the warrants on the date of issuance. The Company used historical data to estimate stock volatilities and expected dividend yield. The risk-free rates are consistent with the terms of the warrants and are based on the United States Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of issuance.

A summary of stock warrant activities is as below:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Number		Weight average exercise price
Outstanding and exercisable at beginning of the period		820,312	$	1.71
Issued during the period		-		-
Exercised during the period		-		-
Cancelled or expired during the period		-		-
Outstanding and exercisable at end of the period		820,312	$	1.71
Range of exercise price		$1.70 to $2.00

No warrants were issued, exercised, cancelled or expired during the three months ended June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2019, the aggregated intrinsic value of warrants outstanding and exercisable was $nil.

No warrants were issued, exercised, cancelled or expired during the three months ended June 30, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, the aggregated intrinsic value of warrants outstanding and exercisable was $nil.