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Property, Plant and Equipment
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]

(6) Property, plant and equipment


As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:


   December 31,   December 31, 
   2019   2018 
Property, Plant, and Equipment:        
Land use rights  $11,689,114   $11,881,571 
Building and improvements   70,811,803    94,127,348 
Machinery and equipment   152,954,020    159,651,736 
Vehicles   587,806    597,484 
Construction in progress   6,399,986    5,005,041 
Totals   242,442,729    271,263,180 
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization   (90,825,877)   (103,433,464)
Property, Plant and Equipment, net  $151,616,852   $167,829,716 

As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, land use rights represented two parcel of state-owned lands located in Xushui District of Hebei Province in China, with lease terms of 50 years expiring from 2061 to 2066.


Construction in progress mainly represents payments for improvement of the office building and essentially all industrial-use buildings in the Headquarters Compound (the “Industrial Buildings”). 


As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, certain property, plant and equipment of Dongfang Paper with net values of $3,935,270 and $5,782,640, respectively, have been pledged pursuant to a long-term loan from credit union of Dongfang Paper. Land use right of Dongfang Paper with net values of $5,757,546 as of December 31, 2019 was pledged for the bank loan from Bank of Industrial & Commercial Bank of China. Land use right of Hebei Tengsheng with net value of $5,200,452 as of December 31, 2019 was pledged for a long-term loan from credit union of Baoding Shengde. In addition, land use right of Hebei Tengsheng with net value of $8,056,930 as of December 31, 2019 was pledged for another long-term loan from credit union of Baoding Shengde. See ” Short-term bank loans ” under Note (7), Loans Payable, for details of the transaction and asset collaterals.


Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment was $15,304,039 and $14,290,919 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Impairment loss was recorded for certain inactive production line in the amount of $nil and $3,894,461 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.