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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

(15) Income Taxes

 

United States

 

The Company and Shengde Holdings are incorporated in the State of Nevada and are subject to the U.S. federal tax and state statutory tax rates up to 34% and 0%, respectively. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 TCJA”), which significantly changed U.S. tax law. The 2017TCJA lowered the Company’s U.S. statutory federal income tax rate from the highest rate of 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, while also imposing a deemed repatriation tax on deferred foreign income which requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on previously unremitted earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 118, which provides guidance on accounting for enactment effects of the 2017TCJA. SAB 118 provides a measurement period of up to one year from the 2017TCJA’s enactment date for companies to complete their accounting under ASC740. In accordance with SAB 118, to the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the 2017TCJA is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in its financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in its financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the 2017TCJA.

 

Transition tax: The transition tax is a tax on previously untaxed accumulated and current earnings and profits (E&P) of certain of the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries. To determine the amount of the transition tax, the Company must determine, in addition to other factors, the amount of post-1986 E&P of the relevant subsidiaries, as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. Further, the transition tax is based in part on the amount of those earnings held in cash and other specified assets. The Company was able to make a reasonable estimate of the transition tax and recorded a provisional obligation and additional income tax expense of approximately $80,000 in the fourth quarter of 2017. However, the Company is continuing to gather additional information and will consider additional technical guidance to more precisely compute and account for the amount of the transition tax. This amount may change when the Company finalizes the calculation of post-1985 foreign E&P previously deferred from U.S. federal taxation and finalizes the amounts held in cash or other specified assets. The 2017TCJA’s transition tax is payable over eight years beginning in 2018.

 

PRC

 

Dongfang Paper and Baoding Shengde are PRC operating companies and are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax. Pursuant to the PRC New Enterprise Income Tax Law, Enterprise Income Tax is generally imposed at a statutory rate of 25%.

 

The provisions for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 were as follows:

 

   Year Ended December 31, 
   2024   2023 
Provision for Income Taxes        
Current Tax Provision U.S.  $36,793   $
-
 
Current Tax Provision PRC   842,401    346,954 
Deferred Tax Provision PRC   
-
    
-
 
Total Income Tax Expenses (Benefits)  $879,194   $346,954 

 

In addition to the reversible future PRC income tax benefits stemming from the timing differences of items such as recognition of asset disposal gain or loss and asset depreciation, the Company was incorporated in the United States and incurred net operating losses of approximately $568,358 and $62,499 for U.S. income tax purposes for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The net operating loss carried forward may be available to reduce future years’ taxable income. These carry forwards would expire, if not utilized, during the period of 2030 through 2035. As of December 31, 2024, management believed that the realization of all the U.S. income tax benefits from these losses, which generally would generate a deferred tax asset if it can be expected to be utilized in the future, appears not more than likely due to the Company’s limited operating history and continuing losses for United States income tax purposes. Accordingly, As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company provided a 100% valuation allowance on the U.S. deferred tax asset benefit to reduce the total deferred tax asset to the amount realizable for the PRC income tax purposes. Management reviews this valuation allowance periodically and will make adjustments as warranted. A summary of the otherwise deductible (or taxable) deferred tax items is as follows:

    December 31,    December 31, 
    2024     2023 
Deferred tax assets (liabilities)        
Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment  $18,875,162   $16,922,756 
Impairment of property, plant and equipment   602,139    585,380 
Impairment of inventory   181,530      
Provision for doubtful debts   446,064      
Miscellaneous   247,969    135,714 
Net operating loss carryover of PRC company   432,365    274,525 
(Gain) Loss on asset disposal   (63,123)   (64,065)
Total deferred tax assets   20,722,106    17,854,310 
Less: Valuation allowance   (20,722,106)   (17,854,310)
Total deferred tax assets, net  $
-
    
-
 

 

The following table reconciles the statutory rates to the Company’s effective tax rate as of:

 

   Year Ended December 31, 
   2024   2023 
PRC Statutory rate   25.0%   25.0%
Effect of tax and book difference   (2.8)%   (20.7)%
Change in valuation allowance   (32.0)%   (7.9)%
           
Effective income tax rate   (9.8)%   (3.6)%

 

During the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, the effective income tax rate was estimated by the Company to be -9.8% and -3.6%, respectively.

 

As of December 31, 2024, except for the one-time transition tax under the 2017 TCJA which imposes a U.S. tax liability on all unrepatriated foreign E&Ps, the Company does not believe that its future dividend policy and the available U.S. tax deductions and net operating losses will cause the Company to recognize any other substantial current U.S. federal or state corporate income tax liability in the near future. Nor does it believe that the amount of the repatriation of the VIE’s earnings and profits for purposes of paying dividends will change the Company’s position that its PRC subsidiary Baoding Shengde and the VIE, Dongfang Paper are considered or are expected to be indefinitely reinvested offshore to support our future capacity expansion. If these earnings are repatriated to the U.S. resulting in U.S. taxable income in the future, or if it is determined that such earnings are to be remitted in the foreseeable future, additional tax provisions would be required.

 

The Company has adopted ASC Topic 740-10-05, Income Taxes. To date, the adoption of this interpretation has not impacted the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The Company performed self-assessment and the Company’s liability for income taxes includes the liability for unrecognized tax benefits, interest and penalties which relate to tax years still subject to review by taxing authorities. Audit periods remain open for review until the statute of limitations has passed, which in the PRC is usually 5 years. The completion of review or the expiration of the statute of limitations for a given audit period could result in an adjustment to the Company’s liability for income taxes. Any such adjustment could be material to the Company’s results of operations for any given quarterly or annual period based, in part, upon the results of operations for the given period. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, management considered that the Company had no uncertain tax positions affecting its consolidated financial position and results of operations or cash flows, and will continue to evaluate for any uncertain position in future. There are no estimated interest costs and penalties provided in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company’s tax positions related to open tax years are subject to examination by the relevant tax authorities and the major one is the China Tax Authority.