<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-25-075244.txt : 20250807
<SEC-HEADER>0001104659-25-075244.hdr.sgml : 20250807
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250807165758
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-25-075244
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250807
ITEM INFORMATION:		Results of Operations and Financial Condition
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250807
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250807

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Quoin Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001671502
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		EIN:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			L3

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-37846
		FILM NUMBER:		251195098

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		23 HATA'AS STREET
		CITY:			KFAR SABA
		STATE:			L3
		ZIP:			44425
		BUSINESS PHONE:		97299741444

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		23 HATA'AS STREET
		CITY:			KFAR SABA
		STATE:			L3
		ZIP:			44425

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Cellect Biotechnology Ltd.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20160721

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Cellect Biomed Ltd.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20160406
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>FORM <span id="xdx_902_edei--DocumentType_c20250807__20250807_zS6BCBu6WOr1"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-08-07" id="Fact000009" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Registrant&#8217;s telephone number, including
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K
filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (<i>see </i>General
Instruction A.2. below):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">Securities registered
pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>
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<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.5in">*</td><td style="text-align: left">Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of the American Depositary Shares pursuant
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; background-color: white">Indicate by check
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chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; background-color: white"><span style="font-size: 10pt">If
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with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial
Condition.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">On August 7, 2025 Quoin
Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) announced its second quarter financial results. A copy of the Company&#8217;s press release
is attached as Exhibit 99.1 hereto and incorporated by reference herein.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The information set forth
and incorporated by reference in this Item 2.02 shall not be deemed to be &#8220;filed&#8221; with the Securities and Exchange Commission
for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;), or otherwise subject to
the liabilities of that section, and the Company does not incorporate it by reference into a filing under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended, or the Exchange Act.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">(d) Exhibits.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
<td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 9%">Exhibit<br/>
No.</td>
<td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
<td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 90%">Description</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>&#160;</td>
<td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><a href="tm2522891d1_ex99-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">99.1</a></td>
<td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top"><a href="tm2522891d1_ex99-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Press Release, dated August 7, 2025</a></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">104</td>
<td>&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top">Cover Page Interactive Data file (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto
duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Date: August  7, 2025</span></td>
    <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>QUOIN PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="width: 50%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 5%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 45%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Michael Myers</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Name:</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dr. Michael Myers</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Title:</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
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<FILENAME>tm2522891d1_ex99-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
<TEXT>
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<HEAD>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 99.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Quoin Pharmaceuticals Announces Second Quarter
2025 Financial Results and Corporate Update</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">-&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><I>Positive
6 Month Clinical Data Reported for Ongoing Pediatric Netherton Syndrome Study</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">-&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><I>FDA
Clears Second Pivotal Study of QRX003 for Netherton Syndrome</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">-&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><I>Initial
Positive Data Announced from Peeling Skin Syndrome Pediatric Study</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">-&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><I>Orphan
Drug Designation Granted by European Medicines Agency for QRX003</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">-&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><I>Rare
Pediatric Disease Designation Awarded by U.S. FDA</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">-&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><I>NETHERTON
NOW Campaign Expanded with New Patient and Expert Video Releases</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>ASHBURN, Va., August&nbsp;7, 2025</B></FONT>
(GLOBE NEWSWIRE) &mdash; Quoin Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (NASDAQ: QNRX) (&quot;Quoin&quot; or the &quot;Company&quot;), a late clinical-stage
specialty pharmaceutical company focused on rare and orphan diseases provided a corporate update today on its clinical progress and advocacy
initiatives and announced its financial results for the second quarter ended June&nbsp;30, 2025.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;Second quarter of 2025 was one
of the most impactful in Quoin&rsquo;s history, marked by meaningful progress on multiple fronts,&quot; said Dr.&nbsp;Michael Myers,
Chief Executive Officer of Quoin Pharmaceuticals. &quot;We continue to be encouraged by the positive and durable clinical improvements
observed in our ongoing investigator-led pediatric Netherton Syndrome study. In addition, with the reporting of impressive Peeling Skin
Syndrome data during the quarter, we are beginning to see the versatility of QRX003 as a potentially safe and effective treatment for
a variety of rare skin diseases. We look forward to initiating additional studies in other indications in the coming months. From a regulatory
standpoint, receiving Orphan Drug Designation in Europe and Rare Pediatric Disease Designation in the United States are important milestones
for the Company which we believe will help accelerate the development of QRX003 and bring it to the patients who urgently need it. Additionally,
our </FONT><U>NETHERTON NOW</U> campaign continues to elevate awareness of the profound need for effective treatment options, reaching
millions of people with education, advocacy, and powerful stories that highlight the faces of patients living with this disease, their
family members who care for them and the clinicians who provide treatment for them each day without an FDA-approved therapy. With our
late-stage trials advancing and global engagement expanding, we remain fully focused on delivering the first approved therapy for Netherton
Syndrome.&quot;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Corporate Highlights</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Quoin continued to advance its lead clinical asset, QRX003, into pivotal
trials for Netherton Syndrome, a devastating and life-threatening genetic skin disorder with no approved therapies. The Company also made
important regulatory, clinical, and advocacy progress in the second quarter of 2025:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>April&nbsp;2, 2025</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Quoin Pharmaceuticals announced positive clinical data from its ongoing
Investigator Pediatric Netherton Syndrome study. After six months of treatment with QRX003, significant improvements were observed in
the patient&rsquo;s skin condition, reduced itch, and no adverse events were reported.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>April&nbsp;10, 2025</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT>Quoin
released the second episode in its <I>Living with Netherton</I> video series, part of its broader NETHERTON NOW awareness campaign, highlighting
the daily challenges faced by patients and families living with Netherton Syndrome.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>May&nbsp;14, 2025</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT>Positive
clinical data were announced from an investigator-led Pediatric Peeling Skin Syndrome (PSS) study. After 12 weeks of treatment with QRX003,
patients showed improvement in disease severity, skin condition, and quality of life metrics, with no adverse events reported.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>May&nbsp;20, 2025</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT>The Company
received Orphan Drug Designation from the European Medicines Agency for QRX003, granting 10 years of market exclusivity in Europe upon
approval. This designation offers benefits like scientific advice on study protocols and fee reductions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>May&nbsp;22, 2025</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT>FDA clearance
was announced for the initiation of a second pivotal clinical study (CL-QRX003-002) for QRX003, targeting Netherton Syndrome. The study
will include 12&ndash;15 subjects, with recruitment expected to conclude by the end of Q1 2026 and an NDA filing anticipated later in
2026.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>June&nbsp;24, 2025</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT>The
FDA granted Rare Pediatric Disease Designation to QRX003 for the treatment of Netherton Syndrome, enabling potential Priority Review
Voucher eligibility upon marketing approval.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>June&nbsp;26, 2025</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT>Quoin
launched a new installment in its <I>NETHERTON NOW</I> campaign, featuring Professor Jemima Mellerio, a world-renowned expert in genetic
skin diseases. The video emphasized the severe burden of Netherton Syndrome in pediatric patients.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Financial Highlights</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Cash Position:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Quoin had approximately $7.8 million in cash, cash equivalents, and
marketable securities as of June&nbsp;30, 2025. The Company believes this capital will support operations into the first quarter of 2026.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Net Loss:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">For the three and six months ended June&nbsp;30, 2025, Quoin reported
a net loss of approximately $3.7 million and $7.5 million, respectively, compared to a net loss of approximately $2.0 million and $4.3
million, respectively, for the same periods in 2024. The increase in net loss was primarily due to an increase in research and development
expenditure in the three and six months ended June&nbsp;30, 2025 of approximately $2.1 million and $4.4 million, respectively, compared
to $0.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>About Quoin Pharmaceuticals Ltd.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Quoin Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is a late clinical-stage specialty pharmaceutical
company focused on developing and commercializing therapeutic products that treat rare and orphan diseases. We are committed to addressing
unmet medical needs for patients, their families, communities and care teams. Quoin&rsquo;s innovative pipeline comprises four products
in development that collectively have the potential to target a broad number of rare and orphan indications, including Netherton Syndrome,
Peeling Skin Syndrome, SAM Syndrome, Palmoplantar Keratoderma, Scleroderma, Microcystic Lymphatic Malformations, Venous Malformations,
Angiofibroma and others. For more information, visit&nbsp;<U>www.quoinpharma.com</U>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<U>LinkedIn</U>&nbsp;for updates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Cautionary Note Regarding Forward
Looking Statements</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT>The Company cautions that statements in this press release that are not descriptions of historical facts
are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements
may be identified by the use of words referencing future events or circumstances, such as &ldquo;expect,&rdquo; &ldquo;intend,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;hope,&rdquo; &ldquo;plan,&rdquo; &ldquo;potential,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo; &ldquo;look forward,&rdquo; &ldquo;believe,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;may,&rdquo; and &ldquo;will,&rdquo; among others. All statements that reflect the Company&rsquo;s expectations, assumptions, projections,
beliefs, or opinions about the future, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements, including, without limitation,
statements relating to: continuing to be encouraged by the positive and durable clinical improvements observed in the Company&rsquo;s
ongoing investigator-led pediatric Netherton Syndrome study, beginning to see the versatility of QRX003 as a potentially safe and effective
treatment for a variety of rare skin diseases, initiating additional studies in other indications in the coming months, receiving Orphan
Drug Designation in Europe and Rare Pediatric Disease Designation in the United States helping to accelerate the development of QRX003
and bring it to the patients who urgently need it, the NETHERTON NOW campaign continuing to elevate awareness of the profound need for
effective treatment options, remaining fully focused on delivering the first approved therapy for Netherton Syndrome, concluding recruitment
of 12&ndash;15 subjects by the end of Q1 2026 for a second pivotal clinical study for QRX003, targeting Netherton Syndrome, filing an
NDA later in 2026, the Company&rsquo;s capital supporting its operations into the first quarter of 2026,and Quoin&rsquo;s products in
development collectively having the potential to target a broad number of rare and orphan indications, including Netherton Syndrome,
Peeling Skin Syndrome, SAM Syndrome,&nbsp; Palmoplantar Keratoderma, Scleroderma, , Microcystic Lymphatic Malformations, Venous Malformations,
Angiofibroma and others. Because such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those
expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based upon the Company&rsquo;s current
expectations and involve assumptions that may never materialize or may prove to be incorrect. Actual results and the timing of events
could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of various risks and uncertainties including,
but not limited to, the Company&rsquo;s ability to deliver a safe and effective treatment for Netherton Syndrome; the Company&rsquo;s
ability to pursue its regulatory strategy; the Company&rsquo;s ability to obtain regulatory approvals for commercialization of product
candidates or to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements; the Company&rsquo;s ability to complete clinical trials on time and achieve
desired results and benefits as expected, <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">the Company experiencing unanticipated or higher than
expected clinical trial costs;</FONT>; and other factors discussed in the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the year
ended December&nbsp;31, 2024 and in other filings the Company has made and may make with the SEC in the future. One should not place
undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they were made. The Company undertakes no
obligation to update such statements to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date on which they were made,
except as may be required by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>For further information, contact:</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT>Quoin
Pharmaceuticals Ltd.<BR>
Michael Myers, Ph.D., CEO<BR>
<U>mmyers@quoinpharma.com</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Investor Contact:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">PCG Advisory</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Jeff Ramson</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><U>jramson@pcgadvisory.com</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(646) 863-6341</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">QUOIN PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Consolidated Balance Sheets </P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">June 30,</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2025</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2024</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(unaudited)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">ASSETS</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Current assets:</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; width: 74%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Cash and cash equivalents</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,668,492</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">3,623,343</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt">Investments</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">6,121,830</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">10,433,535</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">688,933</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">869,126</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.375in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Total current assets</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">8,479,255</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">14,926,004</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Prepaid expenses - long term</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">300,000</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Intangible assets, net</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">433,334</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">483,334</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.375in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total assets</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">8,912,589</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">15,709,338</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Current liabilities:</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Accounts payable</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">873,684</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">905,704</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Accrued expenses</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,717,564</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,528,977</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Accrued interest and financing expense</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,146,251</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,146,251</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Due to officers - short term</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">600,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">600,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.375in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Total current liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">4,337,499</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">4,180,932</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Due to officers - long term</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,023,733</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,323,733</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.375in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Total liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">6,361,232</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">6,504,665</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Commitments and contingencies</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Shareholders' equity:</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Ordinary shares, no par value per share, 100,000,000 authorized at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively - 20,585,830 (588,166 ADS&rsquo;s) ordinary shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025 and 8,948,164 (255,661 ADS&rsquo;s) ordinary shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Additional paid in capital</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">65,225,266</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">64,370,465</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Accumulated deficit</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(62,673,909</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(55,165,792</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.375in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total shareholders' equity</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,551,357</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">9,204,673</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.375in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total liabilities and shareholders' equity</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">8,912,589</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">15,709,338</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">QUOIN PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) </P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Three
    months ended June 30,</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Six
    months ended June 30,</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2025</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2024</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2025</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2024</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(Unaudited)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(Unaudited)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(Unaudited)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(Unaudited)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Operating expenses</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; width: 48%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">General and administrative</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1,742,594</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1,549,615</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3,325,632</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3,122,601</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Research and development</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2,050,585</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">587,503</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4,424,724</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1,472,801</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Total operating expenses</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3,793,179</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2,137,118</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7,750,356</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4,595,402</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Other (income) and expenses</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Unrealized loss</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6,004</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2,177</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5,878</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8,686</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Realized and accrued interest
    income</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(103,245</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(165,262</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(248,117</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(302,775</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Total other income</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(97,241</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(163,085</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(242,239</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(294,089</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Net loss</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(3,695,938</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(1,974,033</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(7,508,117</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(4,301,313</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Loss per ADS</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Basic</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(6.28</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(13.68</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(12.79</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(42.09</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Fully-diluted</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(6.28</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(13.68</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(12.79</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(42.09</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Weighted average number of ADS's outstanding</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Basic</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">588,166</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">144,278</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">587,253</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">102,186</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Fully-diluted</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">588,166</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">144,278</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">587,253</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">102,186</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>qnrx-20250807_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
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    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
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<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>7
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 07, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Aug.  07,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-37846<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">QUOIN
    PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001671502<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">92-2593104<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">L3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">42127 Pleasant Forest Court<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Ashburn<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">VA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">20148-7349<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">703<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">980-4182<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">American Depositary Shares, each representing Thirty-five (35) Ordinary Shares, no par value per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">QNRX<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
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