<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001493152-25-009106.txt : 20250305
<SEC-HEADER>0001493152-25-009106.hdr.sgml : 20250305
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250305064844
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001493152-25-009106
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-1/A
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		11
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250305
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250305

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001757499
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		IRS NUMBER:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-1/A
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-284889
		FILM NUMBER:		25708765

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		401 PROFESSIONAL DRIVE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 260
		CITY:			GAITHERSBURG
		STATE:			MD
		ZIP:			20879
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(240) 403-4212

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		401 PROFESSIONAL DRIVE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 260
		CITY:			GAITHERSBURG
		STATE:			MD
		ZIP:			20879
</SEC-HEADER>
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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>As
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 4, 2025.</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Registration
No. 333-284889 </B></FONT></P>





<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>UNITED
STATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><B>Washington,
D.C. 20549</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>FORM
S-1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"> (<B>Amendment No. 1</B>) </P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>REGISTRATION
STATEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>UNDER</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>SHUTTLE
PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 32%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Delaware</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 32%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2834</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 32%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>82-5089826</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(State
or other jurisdiction</FONT></P>
                                                         <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">of incorporation or organization)</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Primary
    Standard Industrial</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Classification
    Code Number)</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(I.R.S.
    Employer</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Identification
    Number)</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>401
Professional Drive, Suite 260</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Gaithersburg,
MD 20879</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(240)
430-4212</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Address,
including zip code, and telephone number, including<BR>
area code, of registrant&#8217;s principal executive office)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Anatoly
Dritschilo, M.D.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
Executive Officer</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Shuttle
Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>401
Professional Drive, Suite 260</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Gaithersburg,
MD 20879</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(240)
430-4212</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Name,
address, including zip code, and telephone number,<BR>
including area code, of agent for service)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Copies
to:</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Megan J. Penick,
    Esq.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joseph
    M. Lucosky, Esq.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dorsey &amp; Whitney LLP</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lucosky
    Brookman LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">51 W. 52<SUP>nd</SUP> St</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101
    Wood Avenue South, 5<SUP>th </SUP>Floor</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">New
    York, NY 10019</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Woodbridge,
    NJ 08830</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(212) 415-9200</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(732)
    395-4400</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Approximate
date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this registration statement is declared effective.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the
Securities Act of 1933 check the following box: &#9746;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the
following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. &#9744;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the
Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the
Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting
company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221;
&#8220;smaller reporting company,&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Large
    accelerated filer &#9744;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accelerated
    filer &#9744;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated
    filer &#9746;</FONT></TD>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller
    reporting company &#9746;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging
    Growth Company &#9746;</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. &#9744;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>The
registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the
registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective
in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective
on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.</B></FONT></P>





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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; color: red"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities nor may we accept offers
to buy these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission becomes effective. This preliminary
prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where
the offer or sale is not permitted.</I></B></FONT></P>

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    PROSPECTUS</B></FONT></TD>
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                                            TO COMPLETION, DATED MARCH 4, 2025</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SHUTTLE
PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Up
to 10,000,000 Shares of Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Up
to 10,000,000 Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase up to 10,000,000 Shares of Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>Up to 10,000,000 Shares
of Common Stock Underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">This is a firm commitment underwritten offering
of up to 10,000,000 shares (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) of common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (&#8220;common stock&#8221;)
or pre-funded warrants to purchase shares common stock in lieu thereof (the &#8220;Pre-Funded Warrants&#8221;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">The assumed public offering price for each share
of common stock or each Pre-Funded Warrant is $0.60, which is the last reported sale price per share of our common stock on the
Nasdaq Capital Market, or the Nasdaq, on February 26, 2025. The final public offering price per share or per Pre-Funded Warrant
will be determined through negotiation between us and the Underwriter (as defined hereinafter) based upon a number of factors, including
our history and our prospects, the industry in which we operate and other market conditions at the time of pricing and may be at a discount
to the then current market price of our common stock. Therefore, the recent market price of our common stock referenced throughout this
prospectus may not be indicative of the final offering price per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are offering Pre-Funded Warrants to certain purchasers whose purchase of shares of common stock in this offering would otherwise result
in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election
of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to
purchase, if any such purchaser so chooses, Pre-Funded Warrants, in lieu of shares of common stock.
The public offering price of each&#160;Pre-Funded&#160;Warrant will be equal to the price at which one
share of common stock is sold to the public in this offering, minus $0.001, and the exercise price of
each Pre-Funded Warrant will be $0.001 per share. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any
time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. For each Pre-Funded Warrant we sell, the number of shares of common
stock we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> This prospectus also includes the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise
of the Pre-Funded Warrants. See &#8220;Description of Securities We Are Offering&#8221; in this prospectus for more information.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;SHPH.&#8221; On February 26, 2025, the last reported
sale price of our common stock was $0.60 per share. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have retained WestPark Capital, Inc. as the exclusive underwriter with respect
to this offering (the &#8220;Underwriter&#8221;). We have agreed to pay the underwriter fees totaling 4.0% of the
aggregate gross cash proceeds actually realized by the Company from the sale of the shares being offered hereby. See &#8220;Underwriting&#8221;
beginning on page 42 of this prospectus for more information regarding these arrangements. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">You
should read this prospectus, together with additional information described under the heading &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information,&#8221; carefully before you invest in any of our securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are an &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities
Act&#8221;), and we have elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> You should read this prospectus, together
with the additional information described under the headings &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information&rdquo; and &ldquo;Incorporation
of Documents by Reference,&rdquo; carefully before you invest in any of our securities. </P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>An
investment in our securities involves significant risks. You should carefully consider the risk factors beginning on page 13 of this
prospectus and in documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus before you make your decision to invest in our securities.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Neither
the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities
or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"> &#160; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right"><P STYLE="margin: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </P></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Underwriting discounts
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    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Proceeds to us, before expenses</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><P STYLE="margin: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </P></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 0.25in; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
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                                            have agreed to pay the Underwriter a cash fee equal to four percent (4%)
                                            of the aggregate gross proceeds actually realized by the Company in this offering.
                                            In addition, we have agreed to reimburse the Underwriter for certain offering-related
                                            expenses. We refer you to &#8220;Underwriting&#8221; beginning on page 42 for additional
                                            information regarding compensation to be received by the Underwriter.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Delivery
of the shares and Pre-Funded Warrants is expected to be made on or about __________, 2025, subject to satisfaction of customary
closing conditions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>WestPark
Capital, Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
date of this prospectus is &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;, 2025</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>




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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>TABLE
OF CONTENTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 0.5in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a_001">PROSPECTUS
    SUMMARY</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a_002">THE
    OFFERING</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a_003">RISK
    FACTORS</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#b_001">SPECIAL
    NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#b_003">USE
    OF PROCEEDS</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#bk_004">MANAGEMENT</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">19</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#bk_005">EXECUTIVE AND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">28</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#bk_006">BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">31</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#bk_007">CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">32</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#bk_008">CAPITALIZATION</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">33</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: -10pt"><A HREF="#bk_009">DILUTION</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: -10pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">34</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#b_004">DIVIDEND
    POLICY</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#b_005">DESCRIPTION
    OF CAPITAL STOCK</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#b_006">DESCRIPTION
    OF SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#b_007">UNDERWRITING</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#b_008">LEGAL
    MATTERS</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#b_009">EXPERTS</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#b_011">WHERE
    YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <A HREF="#bs_001">INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE</A> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"> 44 </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
incorporate by reference important information into this prospectus. You may obtain the information incorporated by reference without
charge by following the instructions under &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information.&rdquo; You should carefully read this prospectus
as well as additional information described under &ldquo;Incorporation of Documents by Reference&rdquo; before deciding to invest in
our securities.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and which we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;)
includes exhibits that provide more detail of the matters discussed in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the related
exhibits filed with the SEC, together with the additional information described under the heading &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information&#8221;
before making your investment decision. You should rely only on the information provided in this prospectus or  incorporated
by reference in this prospectus, in any prospectus supplement or in a related free writing prospectus, or documents to which we otherwise
refer you. In addition, this prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein,
but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
prospectus includes important information about us, the securities being offered and other information you should know before investing
in our securities. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus
is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front cover of this prospectus, even though this prospectus is delivered
or securities are sold or otherwise disposed of on a later date. It is important for you to read and consider all information contained
in this prospectus in making your investment decision. All of the summaries in this prospectus are qualified in their entirety by the
actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference
as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described
below under the heading &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information.&#8221;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have not, and the Underwriter has not, authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained
in this prospectus, or incorporated by reference in this prospect, or in any free writing prospectuses prepared by or on behalf
of us or to which we have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other
information that others may give you. The information contained in this prospectus or incorporate by reference in this prospectus
or contained in any applicable free writing prospectus is current only as of its date, regardless of its time of delivery or any
sale of our securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
investors outside the United States: We have not done anything that would permit a public offering of the securities or possession or
distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons
outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating
to, the offering of the securities and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States. You are required to inform yourselves
about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>You
should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and in any free
writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from, or in
addition to, that contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference herein and therein, or any related free writing prospectus.
This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is
lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus and in documents incorporated by reference is current only as of
its date. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are not offering to sell or seeking offers to purchase these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
We have not done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where
action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this
prospectus and any free writing prospectus related to this offering in jurisdictions outside the United States are required to inform
themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus and any such free
writing prospectus applicable to that jurisdiction.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"> Unless the context otherwise requires, references
in this prospectus to &ldquo;Shuttle Pharma,&rdquo; &ldquo;Shuttle Pharmaceuticals,&rdquo; &ldquo;the Company,&rdquo; &ldquo;we,&rdquo;
&ldquo;our&rdquo; and &ldquo;us&rdquo; refers to Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, Shuttle Pharmaceuticals,
Inc. and Shuttle Diagnostics, Inc. </P>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Industry
and Market Data</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
otherwise indicated, information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus concerning our industry
and the markets in which we operate or plan to operate, including our general expectations and market position, market opportunity and
market share, is based on information from our own management estimates and research, as well as from industry and general publications
and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. Management estimates are derived from publicly available information, our
knowledge of our industry, and assumptions based on such information and knowledge which we believe to be reasonable. Our management
estimates have not been verified by any independent source, and we have not independently verified any third-party information. In addition,
assumptions and estimates of our company&#8217;s and our industry&#8217;s future performance are necessarily subject to a high degree
of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in the section entitled &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; beginning
on page 13. These and other factors could cause our future performance to differ materially from our assumptions and estimates.
See &#8220;Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements&#8221; on page 17 below.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Basis
of Presentation</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 6, 2024, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to our certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State
of Delaware to effect a 1-for-8 reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.00001 per share
(the &#8220;2024 Reverse Stock Split&#8221;), which became effective on August 13, 2024. All historical share and per share amounts reflected
throughout this prospectus have been adjusted to reflect the 2024 Reverse Stock Split. However, our periodic and current reports, and
all other documents that were filed prior to August 13, 2024, do not give effect to the 2024 Reverse Stock Split.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="a_001"></FONT>PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>This
summary highlights information contained in greater detail elsewhere in this prospectus or information incorporated by reference in
this prospectus from our filings with the SEC. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information you should
consider in making your investment decision. You should read the entire prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into
this prospectus carefully before making an investment in our securities. You should carefully consider, among other things, our financial
statements and the related notes and the sections entitled &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; included elsewhere in this prospectus and in
the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus. </I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Overview</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shuttle
Pharma is a clinical stage pharmaceutical company leveraging our proprietary technology to develop novel therapies designed to cure
cancers. Our goal is to extend the benefits of cancer treatments with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Radiation therapy (&ldquo;radiation therapy&rdquo; or &#8220;RT&#8221;) is one of the most effective modalities for treating
cancers. We are developing a pipeline of products designed to address the limitations of the current cancer therapies as well as to
extend to the new applications of RT. We believe that our product candidates will enable us to deliver cancer treatments that are
safer, more reliable and at a greater scale than that of the current standard of care.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; color: Red"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><IMG SRC="forms-1_002.jpg" ALT=""></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
corporate structure is based on Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. (Nasdaq SHPH &#8211; a Delaware Company) with drug discovery and
development performed in the wholly owned Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (a Maryland Company) and diagnostics performed in the wholly
owned Shuttle Diagnostics, Inc. (a Maryland Company). Our product candidates include Ropidoxuridine, a Phase II, clinical-stage radiation
sensitizer, a platform of HDAC inhibitors (SP-1-161, SP-2-225 and SP-1-303) and two preclinical, prostate cancer-oriented diagnostics
assets &#8211; the PC-RAD Test, a blood test to predict clinical response to radiation therapy and the PSMA-B ligand for potential use
as a theranostic agent.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
December 2023, we submitted an Investigational New Drug (&#8220;IND&#8221;) application with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (&#8220;FDA&#8221;)
to support the next phase of development of Ropidoxuridine. In January 2024, we received the &#8216;Safe to Proceed&#8217; letter from
the FDA for our IND application for the Phase II study of Ropidoxuridine (IPdR) as a radiation sensitizing agent during radiotherapy
in patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype glioblastoma with unmethylated MGMT promoter. Receipt of the letter allows us to commence
the Phase II study of Ropidoxuridine (IPdR). Sixteen patients have enrolled in the study as of February 20, 2025 and half of those patients
have now completed all seven courses of treatment with Ropidoxuridine. We have applied for and received FDA approval of &nbsp;&ldquo;orphan&rdquo;
designation for Ropidoxuridine and RT for treating brain cancer (glioblastoma). The Phase II clinical trial was also approved by
the Institutional Review Board (&#8220;IRB&#8221;) on June 21, 2024. We believe our management team&#8217;s expertise in radiation
therapy, combined modality cancer treatment and immuno-oncology will help drive the development and, if approved, the commercialization
of these potentially curative therapies for patients with aggressive cancers.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Radiation
Oncology has gone through transformative technological innovation over the last decade to better define tumors, allow improved shaping
of radiation delivery and support dose escalation with shorter, more intensive courses of treatment. Furthermore, achieving higher dose
distributions within tumor volumes has reached a practical plateau, since cancers are frequently integrated with or surrounded by more
sensitive normal tissues and further dose escalation increases risks of tissue necrosis. To increase cancer cures at maximally tolerated
radiation doses, pharmacological and biological modifications of cells are needed to sensitize cancers, protect normal tissues, and stimulate
the immune system to react against antigens produced by irradiated, damaged cancer cells. Drugs that show sensitizing properties, or
the ability to make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation, offer a solution to this problem. Currently, such drugs are chemotherapy
agents used off-label, and many have inherent toxicities since they were designed for direct cancer treatments and not for sensitization.
However, the clinical value of using radiation sensitizing drugs in combination with RT has been accepted in a variety of cancer types,
including gynecological, gastro-intestinal, pulmonary and other malignancies. Hence, there is a critical need for new drugs that preferentially
sensitize cancer cells to radiation therapy and that stimulate the innate immune response against irradiated cancer cells. Furthermore,
to advance precision medicine in radiation oncology, there is a need for imaging and molecular diagnostic tests for determining the extent
of cancer spread in the body and for predicting clinical responses to therapy.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are developing our products with the goal of addressing the unmet need in cancer treatment for a commercially marketable radiation response
modifier solution that leads to greater sensitivity of cancer cells to ionizing radiation therapy. The goal of our products is to increase
the therapeutic index for patients receiving radiation and to decrease radiation-related toxicities in patients with solid tumors. Our
products operate across three areas related to the treatment of cancer with RT:</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sensitization
    of growing cancer cells, rendering them more susceptible to the effects of radiation therapy.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Activation
    of the DNA damage response pathway to kill cancer cells and protect adjacent normal cells.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Activation
    of the immune system to kill any remaining cells after RT.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
platform technology allows for the creation of an inventory of products for radiation sensitizing, immune modulation, and protection
of healthy tissue.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Operations
to date have focused on continuing our research and development efforts to advance Ropidoxuridine clinical testing and improved drug
formulation, to advance HDAC6 inhibitor (SP-2-225) preclinical development and explore application of the PC-RAD Test, predictive biomarkers
of radiation response. The clinical development of Ropidoxuridine has included completion of a Phase I clinical trial to establish drug
bioavailability and a maximum tolerated dose for use in Phase II clinical trials. TCG GreenChem, Inc. (&#8220;TCG GreenChem&#8221;),
with whom we have contracted for process research, development and cGMP compliant manufacture of IPdR, has manufactured the active pharmaceutical
ingredient (API) of Ropidoxuridine and the University of Iowa Pharmaceuticals has formulated the drug product for use in the Company&#8217;s
upcoming Phase II clinical trial in brain cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. The drug product (capsules) were shipped to contract
research organization (&ldquo;CRO&rdquo;) Theradex Oncology and distributed to clinical trial sites that are fully approved to
enroll patients in the trial. Shuttle received approval from the FDA to begin the clinical trial. The FDA made recommendations to expand
the clinical trial to include a randomized dose &#8220;optimization&#8221; step and we agreed with the recommendation. Meetings with
engaged clinical sites to review the protocol documents have occurred and FDA required IRB approvals have
been received. With FDA recommended changes incorporated into the revised protocol and the completion of site initiation visits, the
Company has commenced its Phase II clinical study. The radiation biomarker project and the health disparities project have been completed
and the Company is proceeding with plans for clinical validation and potential for commercialization of Ropidoxuridine as a radiation
sensitizer. </FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Our
Pipeline</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are currently developing a pipeline of small molecule radiation sensitizers and immune response regulating drugs. Our most advanced product
candidate is Ropidoxuridine, an orally available halogenated pyrimidine with strong cancer radiation sensitizing properties is in preclinical
studies. In addition, we have a pipeline of complimentary product candidates that we are developing to address solid tumor cancer indications
by radiation sensitization or immune modification. Our therapeutic pipeline is represented in the diagram below:</FONT></P>

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for clinical phase (Ropidoxuridine) and pre-clinical phase (HDAC inhibitors) pipeline.</FONT></P>

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lead product candidates include:</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Ropidoxuridine
    (IPdR)</U></B> is our lead candidate radiation sensitizer for use in combination with RT to treat brain tumors (glioblastoma) and
    sarcomas. Phase I clinical trial results supported by a National Institutes of Health, or NIH contract to Shuttle Pharma and the
    NCI (CTEP) were reported in the medical journal, Clinical Cancer Research, in July 2019, by our Small Business Innovation Research,
    or SBIR, subcontractor. Eighteen patients completed dose escalations to 1,800 mg/day for 30 days, establishing the maximum tolerated
    dose (MTD) of 1,200 mg/day in combination with RT. Four partial responses, nine stable disease and one progressive disease in target
    lesions were reported. Four patients did not have measurable disease and, as a result, were not evaluable. These Phase I trial results
    demonstrate oral bioavailability and an MTD of 1,200 mg per day for 28 days for use in combination with radiation for Phase II clinical
    trials that we propose to perform in brain tumors and in sarcomas. The brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GB) is eligible for
    &ldquo;orphan&rdquo; disease designations. Shuttle Pharma has advanced drug manufacture and formulation and prepared a clinical
    protocol of a &#8220;Phase 2 Single-Arm Study of IPdR as a Radiation Sensitizing Agent During Radiotherapy in Patients with Newly
    Diagnosed IDH-Wildtype MGMT Unmethylated Glioblastoma Multiforme.&#8221; In December 2023, we submitted an IND application with the
    FDA to support the next phase of development of Ropidoxuridine. In January 2024, we received the &#8216;Safe to Proceed&#8217; letter
    from the FDA for our IND application for the Phase II study of Ropidoxuridine (IPdR) as a radiation sensitizing agent during radiotherapy
    in patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype glioblastoma with unmethylated MGMT promoter. Receipt of the letter allows us to commence
    the Phase II study of Ropidoxuridine (IPdR). The clinical development of Ropidoxuridine has shown drug bioavailability and a maximum
    tolerated dose has been established for use in Phase II clinical trials. TCG GreenChem, with whom we have contracted for process
    research, development and cGMP compliant manufacture of IPdR, has successfully completed the manufacturing campaign for the active
    pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of Ropidoxuridine for use in the Company&#8217;s upcoming Phase II clinical trial in brain cancer
    patients undergoing radiation therapy. Shuttle also worked with University of Iowa Pharmaceuticals to develop the formulation and
    produce the capsules, which have been shipped to CRO Theradex Oncology for distribution to clinical trial sites. Both activities
    have now been completed. In addition, Shuttle received approval from the FDA to begin the clinical trial. The FDA made recommendations
    that led to an expanded clinical trial to include randomized dose optimization and we agreed with the recommendation. We met with
    representatives from six candidate clinical sites to review the protocol documents and FDA required IRB approvals have been obtained.
    With FDA recommended changes incorporated into the revised protocol, the Company has now contractually engaged all six of the planned
    research centers which have begun performing clinical trials in our Phase II clinical study. Sixteen patients have enrolled
    in the study as of February 20, 2025 and half of those patients have already completed all seven courses of treatment with
    Ropidoxuridine.</FONT></TD></TR>
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                                            Phase II clinical study is summarized below:</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Schema
for the Phase II clinical trial. The initial cohort of 40 patients will be randomized to one of two Ropidoxuridine doses. 20 patients
will receive the 1200 mg dose and 20 patients will receive the 960 mg dose. The optimum dose will be determined by comparing drug bioavailability
and side-effects. The optimum dose will then continue to enroll 14 additional patients to provide the required 34 patients for statistical
significance in comparison to historical controls.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; background-color: white"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 0.25in; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT STYLE="text-decoration: underline">Ropidoxuridine
    and Tipiracil (IPdR/TPI)</FONT></B> is a new combination formulation demonstrating extended bioavailability after oral administration
    in an animal model system. The IPdR/TPI formulation will undergo preclinical development for use as a radiation sensitizer and represents
    a &#8220;next generation&#8221; drug product for clinical evaluation.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT STYLE="text-decoration: underline">SP-2-225
    </FONT></B>is Shuttle Pharma&#8217;s pre-clinical class IIb selective HDAC inhibitor that affects histone deacetylase HDAC6 has been
    identified as the candidate lead molecule for development as a post-RT innate immune system activator. The macrophage is a key target
    for activating the innate immune system against cancer cells. SP-2-225 has effects on the regulation of the immune system by maintaining
    macrophage cells in an inflammatory, anti-cancer polarization. The interactions of RT with the immune response for cancer treatment
    are of great current interest, offering insight into potential mechanisms for primary site and metastatic cancer treatment. For this
    reason, Shuttle Pharma has selected SP-2-225 as the candidate lead HDAC inhibitor for preclinical development. We have contracted
    with investigators at Georgetown University to perform preclinical studies of immune activation after radiation therapy in an animal
    tumor model. These data have been published (Noonepalle SKR, Grindrod S, Aghdam N, Li X, Gracia-Hernandez M, Zevallos-Delgado C,
    Jung M, Villagra A, Dritschilo A. Radiotherapy-induced Immune Response Enhanced by Selective HDAC6 Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther. 2023
    Dec 1;22(12):1376-1389. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0215. PMID: 37586844; PMCID: PMC10878032) and additional preclinical studies
    are in progress with our contractors. With the introduction of check-point inhibitors, CAR-T therapies and personalized medicine
    in cancer, regulation of the immune response following RT is of significant clinical and commercial interest.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT STYLE="text-decoration: underline">SP-1-303
    </FONT></B>is Shuttle Pharma&#8217;s pre-clinical selective Class I HDAC inhibitor that preferentially affects histone deacetylases
    HDAC1 and HDAC3 members of the class I HDAC family of enzymes. SP-1-303 data show direct cellular toxicity in ER positive breast
    cancer cells. Furthermore, SP-1-303 increases PD-L1 expression. Completed preclinical in vitro studies have been published (Jung
    M, Nicholas N, Grindrod S, Dritschilo A. Dual-targeting class I HDAC inhibitor and ATM activator, SP-1-303, preferentially inhibits
    estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cell growth. PLoS One. 2024 Jul 15;19(7):e0306168. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306168. PMID:
    39008483; PMCID: PMC11249239.). We plan to seek university collaborations to complete SP-1-303 pre-clinical development in 2024.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Our
Approach</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that we have established a leadership position in radiation sensitizer and response modifier discovery and development. We have
identified a clinical phase product candidate and discovered new pre-clinical phase molecules using our proprietary platform technologies
to increase the therapeutic index for patients receiving radiation for treatment of solid tumors. Our development strategy has four key
pillars: (1) to improve the efficacy of RT by demonstrating improved disease-free survival rates in patients who undergo radiation therapy,
(2) reduce the amount of radiation needed for a favorable tumor response, thereby limiting the potential for radiation related toxicities
to healthy cells, (3) decrease the extent of surgery needed to remove cancers and improve quality of life, and (4) leverage our next
generation technologies to create drugs that regulate the immune response assisting immune checkpoint and CAR-T therapies and other personalized
medicines targeting cancers.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to private and public investment into our candidate therapeutic technology, we have also competed for non-dilutive funding from
the NIH to support our lead sensitizer and to explore development of complimentary diagnostic products. To date, we have completed three
SBIR contracts awarded to Shuttle Pharma by the NIH to:</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 0.25in; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Develop
    IPdR as a radiation sensitizer. This funding provided partial support for the Phase I clinical trial of Ropidoxuridine and RT.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Develop
    prostate cancer cell cultures from African-American men, with donor matched normal prostate cells, establishing 50 pairs for accelerating
    research to reduce prostate cancer health disparities in African-American men. This project was funded under &#8220;Moonshot&#8221;
    designation. Shuttle Pharma is eligible to apply for additional SBIR (Phase IIb) funding to commercialize these cells for research
    purposes. Currently, cells from African-American patients are distributed, on request, to investigators who are conducting health
    disparities research. We plan to test new small molecules using these cellular reagents for health disparities screening.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Develop
    a predictive biomarker for determining outcomes for prostate cancer patients following treatment with RT. This SBIR-funded project
    for blood test (PC-RAD Test) discovery and analytical validation were completed on March 15, 2022, and Shuttle Pharma intends to
    perform a clinical validation study. Shuttle Pharma has licensed the intellectual property for the prostate cancer predictive biomarker
    test from Georgetown University and will seek additional investment from the public market to advance clinical development through
    its Shuttle Diagnostics entity.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
three SBIR funded projects have been completed. The Company is eligible to apply for SBIR Phase IIb funding to advance the &#8220;Moonshot&#8221;
health disparities or the predictive biomarker project. The NIH SBIR program is designed to encourage small businesses to engage in Federal
Research/Research and Development (&#8220;R/R&amp;D&#8221;) that has the potential for commercialization.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shuttle
Pharma&#8217;s scientists have also developed collaborations to invent intellectual properties for prostate cancer theranostics. From
a clinical perspective, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a valuable target for diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer.
In a discovery project to develop a novel, boron-containing PSMA ligand to enhance proton radiation therapy of prostate cancer, we discovered
PSMA-B, a molecule containing boron and demonstrating nanomolar binding activity to PSMA. Preclinical evaluations have been initiated
to explore the PSMA-B ligand as a potential prostate cancer sensitizer in combination with proton therapy, as well as a PET diagnostic
reagent and as a targeted prostate cancer therapeutic. By in-licensing our collaborator&#8217;s shares of the intellectual property,
Shuttle Pharma has an exclusive license to the PSMA-B intellectual property and has filed a patent application. Theranostic molecules
are suitable for diagnosis and therapy of cancers. The PSMA ligand is a molecule that binds to the PSMA, an enzyme that is highly expressed
in prostate cancer cells. The PSMA ligand is currently used for imaging and therapy to detect and treat prostate cancer.</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#160;</TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 0.25in; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Develop
                                            PSMA-B as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic molecule in pre-clinical models in collaboration
                                            with academic nuclear medicine programs. Shuttle Pharma has licensed the intellectual property
                                            for the prostate cancer predictive biomarker test from inventors and will seek additional
                                            investment from NIH by applying for grant applications and from the public market to advance
                                            pre-clinical development through its Shuttle Diagnostics entity.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

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Strategy</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
goal is to maintain and build upon our leadership position in radiation sensitization. We plan to develop Ropidoxuridine and the HDAC6
inhibitor (SP-2-225) and, if approved by the FDA, commercialize our product candidates for the treatment of cancers. While this process
may require years to complete, we believe achieving this goal could result in new radiation sensitizer and immunotherapy products. Key
elements of our strategy include:</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 0.25in; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Capitalize
    on Ropidoxuridine as an orally available, small molecule radiation sensitizer. </B>To date, there is one drug (Cetuximab, a monoclonal
    antibody) approved by the FDA specifically as a radiation sensitizer. If we are successful in developing Ropidoxuridine and obtaining
    FDA approval, a small molecule sensitizer would then be enabled for clinical applications for radiation sensitization indications.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Expand
    our leadership position within radiation sensitizers</B>. In addition to our traditional radiation sensitizers, we plan to advance
    our near-term pipeline to include radiation sensitizers for proton therapy. Proton Therapy is growing worldwide as a form of radiation
    therapy due to its unique beam shaping characteristics. As a result, this new technology offers a major opportunity for Shuttle Pharma
    to strive to develop an innovative and well-tolerated drug for proton therapy sensitization.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Execute
    a disciplined business development strategy to strengthen our portfolio of product candidates</B>. We have built our current product
    pipeline through in-house discovery, development, partnerships with leading academic institutions and through in-licensing. We will
    continue to evaluate new in-licensing opportunities and collaboration agreements with leading academic institutions and other biotechnology
    companies around programs that seek to address areas of high unmet need and for which we believe there is a high probability of clinical
    success, including programs beyond our target franchise areas and current technology footprint.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 0.25in; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Invest
    in our HDAC platform technology and maximize its utility across cancer therapies</B>. We are initially applying the platform to develop
    drugs for cancer radiation sensitization, normal tissue radiation protection and post radiation immune stimulation. Based on the
    data we have obtained thus far, these drugs are immune regulatory. We intend to invest to develop other properties of our platform
    technology, as well.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Enter
    into collaborations to realize the full potential of our platform</B>. The breadth of our HDAC technology platform enables other
    therapeutic applications, including radiation sensitization and immune therapy. We intend to seek collaborations centered on our
    platform to maximize applications for cancer treatment.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Establish
    Shuttle Diagnostics, Inc. as a subsidiary of SHPH</B> in order to advance development of the predictive biomarker (PC-RAD
    Test) and the PSMA ligand (PSMA-B) to advance prostate cancer treatment.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Management
Team</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
management team has significant experience in radiation oncology and in progressing products from early-stage research through clinical
trials. Our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, Anatoly Dritschilo, M.D., is an experienced clinician and researcher who has held senior
academic and management positions including serving as Department Chairman, Hospital Medical Director and Cancer Center Director at Georgetown
University Medical Center. Prior to co-founding our Company, Dr. Dritschilo was a co-founder of Oncomed, Inc., a company that became
public as NeoPharm, Inc. (Nasdaq: NEOL). He has experience in providing care for patients undergoing treatment for cancers of the prostate,
breast, brain, lung, sarcomas and GI systems. Dr. Dritschilo has directed basic science research supported by grants from the National
Cancer Institute (&#8220;NCI&#8221;) and performed clinical trials using drugs and radiation therapy. In addition, Dr. Dritschilo served
as the principal investigator of pharmaceutical industry sponsored clinical evaluations of human interferon alpha-2 (Bristol-Myers) with
radiation therapy and antisense raf oligonucleotides, LErafAON (NeoPharm) with radiation therapy. He serves as a Radiation Biology and
Radiation Oncology expert on committees of the NIH to review Program Project (P01) grant applications, Specialized Program of Research
Excellence (SPORE) grant applications and investigator-initiated research project (R01) applications.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr.
Dritschilo is supported in our clinical development effort by Tyvin Rich, MD, our Chief Clinical Officer and Medical Director. Dr. Rich
is the former Professor and Chairman of the Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology at the University of Virginia Health Sciences
Center and proton radiation therapy specialist at the Hampton Proton Therapy Center in Hampton, Virginia. Dr. Rich has served as principal
investigator on multi-modality clinical trials for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and helped to develop treatment with
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a radiation sensitizer for use with RT in the treatment of GI cancers. He has extensive cancer clinical trial
experience in developing radiation sensitizer applications through his participation in the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG).
Dr. Rich is a co-inventor with scientists at the University of Virginia of the Proton Activated Atomic Medicine technology.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
administrative services are provided by Peter Dritschilo, MBA, who has served as our President and COO since 2012. Mr. Dritschilo&#8217;s
experience in hospital administration and management of medical oncology clinical services and radiation therapy facilities, including
management of day-to-day operations, human resources and financial oversight. Peter Dritschilo is the son of our Chairman and CEO, Dr.
Anatoly Dritschilo. Mr. Timothy J. Lorber is our Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, a position he
has served in since June 2024. Mr. Lorber is a CPA with more than 40 years of professional finance experience. We believe his extensive
experience and expertise in the financial industry supports his service as our CFO. Michael Vander Hoek, our former CFO, as Vice
President for Operations and Regulatory expands our capability to provide the level of management needed for the proposed expansion of
clinical trials. Mr. Vander Hoek served as administrative director of the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCC) for 12 years and
has extensive experience in negotiations, management and supervision of CROs and research contracts
in general. As the administrative director of the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mr. Vander Hoek also served as the chief financial
officer. Taken together, we believe our leadership team of highly qualified specialists will help us achieve the proposed milestones
for the development of radiation sensitizer products.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Nasdaq
Deficiency </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
common stock currently is listed for quotation on the Nasdaq Capital Market. We are required to meet Nasdaq listing rules in order to
maintain such listing, including a requirement that the Company&#8217;s stockholders equity remain at or above $2.5 million.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 10, 2024, we received a letter from The Nasdaq notifying the Company that it is no longer in compliance with the minimum stockholders&#8217;
equity requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) requires listed companies to maintain
stockholders&#8217; equity of at least $2.5 million. In the Company&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30,
2024, the Company reported stockholders&#8217; equity of $801,434, which is below the minimum stockholders&#8217; equity required for
continued listing pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). In addition, at present, the Company does not meet the alternatives of
market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Nasdaq notice had no immediate effect on the listing of the Company&#8217;s securities on the Nasdaq Capital Market. the Company
subsequently submitted a revised plan of compliance to Nasdaq on November 14, 2024. The Company&#8217;s plan to
regain compliance was accepted, and Nasdaq granted an extension of 180 calendar days from September 10, 2024 for
the Company to regain compliance.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 31, 2024, the Company, received a letter from The Nasdaq stating that for the 30 consecutive business day period between November
15, 2024 to December 30, 2024 the Company&#8217;s common stock had failed to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share,
as required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the &#8220;Minimum Bid Price
Requirement&#8221;). Pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company has an initial period of 180 calendar days, or until
June 30, 2025 (the &#8220;Compliance Period&#8221;), to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. To regain compliance,
the closing bid price of the Company&#8217;s common stock must meet or exceed $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business
days.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
can be no assurance that the Company will be able to regain compliance and maintain its listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. If
the Company fails to satisfy another Nasdaq requirement for continued listing, Nasdaq could provide notice that the Company&#8217;s securities
will become subject to delisting. In such event, the Company will have an opportunity to appeal Nasdaq&#8217;s decision to a hearings
panel.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2024
Reverse Stock Split</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 31, 2023 we received a letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Staff of the Nasdaq (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) stating that
for the 30 consecutive business day period the Company&#8217;s common stock had failed to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00
per share, as required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to the Minimum Bid Price Requirement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
order to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, on August 6, 2024, we filed an amendment to our certificate of incorporation
to effect the 2024 Reverse Stock Split. The 2024 Reverse
Stock Split became effective on August 13, 2024, when the Company&#8217;s common stock opened for trading on Nasdaq on a post-split basis
under the Company&#8217;s existing trading symbol, &#8220;SHPH.&#8221; Subsequently, on August 27, 2024, we received notice from Nasdaq
that we regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
historical share and per share amounts reflected throughout this prospectus have been adjusted to reflect the 2024 Reverse Stock Split.
However, our periodic and current reports, and all other documents that were filed prior
to August 13, 2024 do not give effect to the 2024 Reverse Stock Split.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Going
Concern Uncertainty</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">Our consolidated financial
statements are prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and
commitments in the normal course of business. The Company has not generated any revenues, incurred losses since inception and has a net loss of approximately
$9.1 million and no revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and has  working capital of approximately
$0.7 million as of December 31, 2024.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The Company does not
expect to generate positive cash flows from operating activities in the near future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white">In September 2024,
the Company&#8217;s CEO provided $250 thousand to the Company in exchange for a promissory note repayable in equal monthly
installments of principal and interest over a term of one year. In October 2024, the Company completed an offering of senior secured
convertible bridge notes, receiving $790 thousand in cash. The notes have a term of one-year and were accompanied by 329,461
warrants with a weighted-average exercise price of $1.42 per share. Also in October 2024, the Company completed an equity
raise that provided $3.7 million net cash for the issuance of 2.9 million shares of common stock, or pre-funded
warrants in lieu thereof, and 2.9 million warrants with an exercise price of $1.40 per share. Refer to the &ldquo;Recent Financings&rdquo; section below for additional information. However, the
Company&#8217;s existing cash resources and the cash received from the equity offering and senior convertible note are not expected
to provide sufficient funds to carry out the Company&#8217;s operations and clinical trials through the next twelve months.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The Company&#8217;s capital
raises have to date supported operations, the manufacture of drug product and FDA approval of the IND for the Phase II clinical trial
of Ropidoxuridine and radiation therapy in glioblastoma and other radiation sensitizer discovery and therapy. The FDA recommended and
the Company agreed to an expansion of the Phase II clinical trial, necessitating additional capital to complete the trial as well as
fund ongoing operations. Additionally, the Phase II clinical trial of Ropidoxuridine has evolved with finalized agreements with all six
of the planned site enrollment locations to administer the Phase II clinical trial of Ropidoxuridine and enrollment of 16 patients as of the date of this prospectus. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The ability of the Company to continue as a going
concern is dependent upon its ability to continue to successfully raise additional equity or debt financing to allow it to fund
ongoing operations, conduct clinical trials and bring a drug candidate to commercialization to generate revenues. These conditions raise
substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we fail to obtain additional material financing in the near-term, our clinical trials and targeted FDA submission timeline could be delayed,
and we could be forced to abandon such activities entirely and cease operations, with the possible loss of such properties or assets.
If we are unable to obtain a material quantum of financing in the imminent future or unable to continue to obtain additional financing
over at least the next 12 months as we continue to generate negative cash flow, our board of directors could determine to cause the Company
to undertake a process of liquidation under Chapter 7 of applicable U.S. bankruptcy laws, or otherwise seek other protection under such
laws. In such event, we expect that holders of shares of our common stock would recoup little if
any material value in such process.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Recent
Financings </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
January 11, 2023, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the &#8220;January 2023 SPA&#8221;) with Alto Opportunity Master
Fund, SPC &#8211; Segregated Master Portfolio B, a Cayman entity (the &#8220;January 2023 Investor&#8221;), as amended on May
10, 2023 and June 4, 2023, pursuant to which the Company sold to the January 2023 Investor a $4.3 million convertible note (the
&#8220;January 2023 Convertible Note&#8221;) and warrant (the &#8220;January 2023 Warrant&#8221;) to purchase 127,260 (post Reverse Split)
shares of common stock of the Company, in exchange for gross proceeds of $4.0 million (the &#8220;Investment Amount&#8221;). The January
2023 Convertible Note amortizes on a monthly basis and the Company can make such monthly amortization payments in cash or, subject to
certain equity conditions, in registered shares of common stock or a combination thereof. For equity repayment, the January 2023 Convertible
Note is convertible into shares of common stock at price per share equal to the lower of (i) $18.8 (post Reverse Split) (ii) 90% of the
three lowest daily volume-weighted average price (&ldquo;VWAP&rdquo;) of the 15 trading days prior to the payment date or (iii)
90% of the VWAP of the trading day prior to payment date. The January 2023 Convertible Note is repayable over 26 months and bears interest
at the rate of 5% per annum. The January 2023 Warrant is exercisable for four years from the date of closing and is exercisable at $0.48
per share (post Reverse Split, and as subsequently adjusted pursuant to the January 2023 SPA, as amended). In the event the January
2023 Investor exercises the January 2023 Warrant in full, such exercise would result in additional gross proceeds to the Company
of approximately $61 thousand. As of September 30, 2024, the January 2023 Convertible Note has been paid in full.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 4, 2024, the Company entered into a loan agreement with our Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Anatoly Dritschilo, pursuant to which
Dr. Dritschilo loaned the Company $250,000 (principal), bearing interest at the rate of 12% per annum and which is repayable in 12 substantially
equal monthly installments over a one year period.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">On October 14, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate
of $600,000 (of an up to $1.3 million authorized financing) senior secured convertible notes due in October 2025, which accrue interest
at 14.5% interest per year. The notes include a 5% original issue discount and the Company received $570,000 in proceeds. The notes are
convertible beginning three months after the date of issuance, and the conversion price will be the lower of a 15% discount to (i) the
5-day VWAP immediately prior to Closing or (ii) the price of any offering entered into by the Company during the term of the notes. The
Company has the option to prepay the notes at any time for 107% of total outstanding balance and any outstanding principal will be paid
in conversion of shares of common stock at the end of the term, subject to the Company&#8217;s exercise of the optional prepayment right.
Any accrued interest will be repaid quarterly in cash. The Company also issued warrants to the lenders to purchase an aggregate 240,917
shares of common stock, exercisable at $1.40 per share, with such warrants expiring five years from issuance. In addition, the Company&#8217;s
Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Anatoly Dritschilo, invested a total of $237,500 in this financing round, in exchange for a $250,000 convertible
note.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">On October 21, 2024, the Company issued an additional
$231,579 in senior secured convertible notes due in October 2025, with substantially similar terms as the October 14, 2024, issuance.
The notes include a 5% original issue discount and the Company received $220,000 in proceeds. The Company also issued warrants to the
lenders to purchase an aggregate 88,544 shares of common stock, exercisable at $1.49 per share, with such warrants expiring five years
from issuance. Upon completing this issuance, the Company closed the senior secured convertible note offering after receiving a total
of $790,000 in proceeds. </P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
February 28, 2025, the Company entered into a Revolving Loan Agreement (the &ldquo;Revolving Loan Agreement&rdquo;) with Bowery Consulting Group Inc. (an entity for which Adam Chambers serves
as a Principal) (the &ldquo;Lender&rdquo;). Pursuant to and under the terms of the Revolving Loan
Agreement, the Company issued to the Lender a revolving note dated February 28, 2025, in the principal amount of $2,000,000 (the
&ldquo;Revolving Note&rdquo; and such amount, the &ldquo;Maximum Outstanding Amount&rdquo;), which the Company may draw upon at its
discretion from time to time (the &ldquo;Financing&rdquo;). Any drawdown on the Revolving Note bears interest at the rate of 18% per
annum calculated on the basis of a 360-day year, consisting of twelve 30 calendar day periods, and shall accrue daily commencing on
the date of issuance until paid in full. Proceeds from any Financing may be used for general corporate purposes, including but not
limited to finance the expense of a Qualified Public Equity Offering (as defined below). The Underwriter served as financial advisor to the Company with regard
to the Financing. As financial advisor, the Underwriter received a fee of $20,000 following the signing of the Revolving Loan Agreement.
As financial advisor, the Underwriter will be entitled to receive a fee of four percent (4%) with regard to each draw down of the Revolving
Note. Out of the Maximum Outstanding Amount, the
Lender has not disbursed any loan amounts to date. </FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Revolving Loan Agreement contains customary events of default. If an event of default occurs, the Lender may accelerate the
indebtedness under the Revolving Loan Agreement, and an amount equal to 120% of the outstanding principal amount and accrued and
unpaid interest plus other amounts, costs, expenses and/or liquidated damages due under or in respect of the Loan Documents for the
Financing, if any. As a condition for the Lender entering into the Revolving Loan Agreement, on February 28, 2025 (i) each of Milton
Brown, Bette Jacobs, Chris Senanayake and Joshua Schafer resigned as directors of the Company, and (ii) the Company&rsquo;s
remaining members of the Board of Directors appointed the following three people designated by the Lender as members of the Board of
Directors: George Scorsis, Joseph Tung and Oleh Nabyt. The resigning directors held 840,205 unvested
restricted stock units (&ldquo;RSUs&rdquo;) granted under the Company&rsquo;s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan that became fully vested in
conjunction with their respective resignations on February 28, 2025. <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
acceleration of these RSUs resulted in a compensation expense charge of $511,517. </FONT></FONT> </P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Summary
Risk Factors</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business is subject to a number of risks you should be aware of before making an investment decision. These risks are discussed more
fully in the &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; section of this prospectus at page 13 immediately following this prospectus summary,
and in Part I, Item 1A &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, which
is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. These risks include the following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
    ability to continue as a going concern in the near term is dependent upon us successfully raising additional equity or debt financing
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
    success is primarily dependent on achieving the development, regulatory approval and commercialization of our product candidates,
    both of which are in the early stages of development.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
    approach to the discovery and development of innovative radiation oncology drugs based on our HDAC small molecule delivery platform,
    which is novel, unproven and may not result in marketable products.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    have no product revenue, have incurred significant losses since inception, may never become profitable and may incur substantial
    and increasing net losses for the foreseeable future as we continue the development of, and seek regulatory approvals for our product
    candidates.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy, which are ongoing determinations that are solely
    within the authority of the FDA, we may be unable to obtain regulatory approvals to commercialize our product candidates.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    are subject to regulatory approval processes that are lengthy, time-consuming and unpredictable. We may not obtain approval for any
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    may not be able to establish collaborative partnerships with other pharmaceutical companies, through which we expect to complete
    development of, obtain marketing approval for and, if approved, manufacture and market our product candidates.</FONT></TD></TR>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Any
    drugs we develop may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, third-party reimbursement practices or healthcare reform
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    are a Phase II clinical stage pharmaceutical company with a limited operating history upon which you can evaluate our business
    and prospects. Specialty pharmaceutical product development is a highly speculative undertaking and involves a substantial degree
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</TABLE>

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    do not currently have any product candidates in advanced clinical trials or approved for sale, and we continue to incur significant
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    have not submitted an application or received marketing approval for any of our product candidates. Regulatory approval of our product
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    we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, our business and competitive position would be harmed.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">If
    we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, our business and competitive position would be harmed. </FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Implications
of Being an Emerging Growth Company</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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  and as a company with less than $1.235 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an &#8220;emerging growth
  company&#8221; as defined in the JOBS Act. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we are permitted and intend to rely
  on exemptions from specified disclosure and other requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging
  growth companies. These exemptions include:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">being permitted to provide
  only two years of audited financial statements, in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements, with correspondingly
  reduced &#8220;Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&#8221; disclosure;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
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<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
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  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">not being required to comply
  with the auditor attestation requirements in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">exemptions
    from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute
    payments not previously approved.</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may take advantage of the above provisions for up to five years or until such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company.
We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1.235 billion in annual revenues, have more than $700 million in
market value of our capital stock held by non-affiliates or issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period.
We may also choose to take advantage of some, but not all, of the available exemptions. We have taken advantage of some reduced reporting
requirements in this prospectus. Accordingly, the information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus
may be different than the information you receive from other public companies in which you hold stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with
new or revised accounting standards. This provision allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of some accounting standards
until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this extended
transition period for adopting new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, we will be subject to the same new or revised accounting
standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Corporate
Information</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company was formed as a limited liability company in the state of Maryland in December 2012 and was converted to a C corporation in August
2016. In June 2018, Shuttle completed a share exchange with Shuttle Pharma Acquisition Corp. Inc. (&#8220;Acquisition Corp.&#8221;),
pursuant to which Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. became a subsidiary of Acquisition Corp. and we subsequently changed the name of Acquisition
Corp. to Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
executive offices are located at 401 Professional Drive, Suite 260, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 and our telephone number is (240)
430-4212. Our corporate website is www.shuttlepharma.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current
Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports, if any, are available to you free of charge through the &#8220;Investor Relations&#8221;
section of our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials have been electronically filed with or furnished to the
SEC. Information contained on our websites does not form a part of this prospectus.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="a_002"></FONT>THE
OFFERING</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 44%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common
    stock we are offering:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 56%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Up
    to 10,000,000 shares of common stock based on an assumed public offering price of $0.60 per share of common stock,
    which is equal to the last sale price of our common stock as reported by Nasdaq on February 26, 2025.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pre-Funded
    Warrants to be offered:</FONT></TD>
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                                            are also offering up to 10,000,000 Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase up to 10,000,000
                                            shares of common stock in lieu of shares of common stock to each purchaser whose purchase
                                            of shares of common stock in this offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together
                                            with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or,
                                            at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately following
                                            the consummation of this offering. The purchase price of each Pre-Funded Warrant will equal
                                            the price at which one share of common stock is being sold to the public in this offering,
                                            minus $0.001, and the exercise price of each Pre-Funded Warrant will be $0.001 per share.
                                            The Pre-Funded Warrants will be exercisable immediately and may be exercised at any time
                                            until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. For each Pre-Funded Warrant we
                                            sell, the number of shares of Common Stock we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one
                                            basis.</FONT></P>
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    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
    prospectus also relates to the offering of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants. See &#8220;<I>Description
    of Securities We Are Offering &#8211; Pre-Funded Warrants.&#8221;</I></FONT></P></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common
    stock outstanding before this offering:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,916,772
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common
    stock outstanding immediately after this offering:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14,916,772
    </FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares (assuming we sell only shares of common
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Use
    of proceeds:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $5,470,000 million, based on an assumed public offering
    price of $0.60 per share of common stock, which was the closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on February 26,
    2025, after deducting the cash fees to be paid to the Underwriter and estimated offering expenses payable by us.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to fund Phase II clinical trials for our lead product candidate radiation
    sensitizer Ropidoxuridine, including $2.8 million in payments that will be owed to Theradex Systems, Inc., the CRO supporting
    our Phase II clinical trials, along with up to $2.0 million for certain anticipated marketing fees. We anticipate that the
    funds raised from this offering will allow us to make substantial progress with the Phase II clinical trial, but we will likely
    require additional funds. See &#8220;Use of Proceeds&#8221; beginning on page 18 below.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nasdaq
    trading symbol:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
    common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol &#8220;SHPH.&#8221; There is no established trading market for the Pre-Funded Warrants,
    and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for the listing of the Pre-Funded Warrants on any
    national securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
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    Factors:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
    &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; beginning on page 13 of this prospectus and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion
    of the risk factors you should consider carefully when making an investment decision.</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0">The number of shares of our common
                                            stock outstanding before this offering is based on 4,916,772 shares of our common
                                            stock outstanding as of February 28, 2025, and, unless otherwise indicated, excludes,
                                            as of that date: (i) 3,464,281 warrants to purchase common stock, exercisable at an average
                                            exercise price of $1.89 per share; (ii) 1,826,000 pre-funded warrants issued in our October
                                            2024 offering; and (iii) 732,134 shares issuable under the convertible bridge notes
                                            issued in the October 2024 Convertible Note Offering. </P></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="a_003"></FONT>RISK
FACTORS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I></I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I></I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"> <I>An investment in our securities involves a
high degree of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors described
below and the risk factors discussed in the sections entitled &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; contained in our most recent Annual Report on
Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file
with the SEC and incorporated by reference in this prospectus, together with all of the other information contained in this prospectus.
Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently view as immaterial, may also impair our business.
If any of the risks or uncertainties described in our SEC filings or this prospectus or any additional risks and uncertainties actually
occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading
price of our common stock could decline, and you might lose all or part of your investment.</I> </P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Risks
Related to this Offering</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Sales
of substantial amounts of our securities in the public market could depress the market price of our common stock.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
common stock is listed for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market. If our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock in
the public market, or the market perceives that such sales may occur, the market price of our securities could fall and we may be unable
to sell our securities in the future.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
securities may experience extreme price and volume fluctuations, which could lead to costly litigation for us and make an investment
in us less appealing.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
market price of our common stock may fluctuate substantially due to a variety of factors, including:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to fund and complete our study and, if such study provides data supporting an FDA submission, our ability to apply for and
    obtain clearance from the FDA;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to remain a going concern;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">new
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">variations
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">additions
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">changes
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">if
    our product is approved and becomes available for us to sell in the U.S., whether we ultimately achieve profitability or not;</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
market prices of the securities of early-stage companies, particularly companies like ours that are seeking to obtain regulatory approval
of their product candidate and do not yet generate operating revenue, have been highly volatile and are likely to remain highly volatile
in the future. This volatility has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. In the past, companies
that experience volatility in the market price of their securities have often faced securities class action litigation. Whether or not
meritorious, litigation brought against us could result in substantial costs, divert our management&#8217;s attention and resources and
harm our financial condition and results of operations.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Although
we have no preferred stock outstanding as of the date hereof and we have currently no intention to issue any preferred stock, our common
stockholders could be adversely affected by the issuance by us of preferred stock in the future, if any.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
certificate of incorporation does not restrict our ability to offer one or more series of preferred stock, any or all of which could
rank equally with or have preferences over our common stock as to dividend payments, voting rights, rights upon liquidation or other
types of rights. Our board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue shares of preferred stock
in one or more series and to fix the rights, preferences and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of such
series. In the case our board of directors decides to issue any preferred stock, we would have no obligation to consider the specific
interests of the holders of common stock in creating any such series of preferred stock or engaging in any such offering or transaction.
Our creation of any series of preferred stock or our engaging in any such offering or transaction could have a material adverse effect
on holders of our common stock.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
have broad discretion in how we use the net proceeds of this offering, and we may not use these proceeds effectively or in ways with
which you agree.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
management will have broad discretion as to the application of the net proceeds of this offering and could use them for purposes other
than those contemplated at the time of the offering. We currently intend to use the net proceeds from the offering to fund IND-enabling
and Phase I and II clinical trials of product candidates, including radiation sensitizer Ropidoxuridine, IPdR/TPI and the HDAC inhibitor
small molecule technology platform, potential acquisition or in-licensing activities and working capital and general corporate purposes.
Our stockholders may not agree with the manner in which our management chooses to allocate and spend the net proceeds. Moreover, our
management may use the net proceeds for corporate purposes that may not increase the market price of our common stock.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, our common stock could be delisted, which could adversely
affect the market price and liquidity of our securities and could have other adverse effects.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 10, 2024, we received a letter (the &#8220;Notification&#8221;) from Nasdaq notifying the Company that it is no longer in
compliance with the minimum stockholders&#8217; equity requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq
Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) requires listed companies to maintain stockholders&#8217; equity of at least $2.5 million (the
&ldquo;Minimum Stockolders&rsquo; Equity&rdquo;). In the Company&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June
30, 2024, the Company reported stockholders&#8217; equity of $801,434, which is below the minimum stockholders&#8217; equity
required for continued listing pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). Our stockholders&rsquo; equity in our Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $709,152 is still not above the Minimum Stockholders&rsquo; Equity requirement,
and Nasdaq requires that we are able to achieve and show we can maintain compliance through June 30, 2025. In addition,
presently, the Company does not meet the alternatives of market value of listed securities or net income from continuing
operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> The Company submitted a plan
to regain and maintain compliance with the Minimum Stockholders&rsquo; Equity requirement to Nasdaq and Nasdaq granted us until March
10, 2025 to raise additional capital to bring us back into compliance. As a result, we will be required to submit certain pro
forma balance sheet information to Nasdaq on or prior to March 10, 2025 to show that our capital raise efforts have brought us back into
compliance and/or will also be required to show compliance upon the filing of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period
ending March 31, 2025.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">While
we aim to regain compliance with Nasdaq&#8217;s stockholders equity requirement, we nonetheless run the risk that our stock may be delisted
if we fail to comply with Nasdaq listing requirements. In the event our common stock is delisted, we may seek to have our common stock
quoted on an over-the-counter marketplace, such as on the OTCQX. The OTCQX is not a stock exchange, and if our common stock trades on
the OTCQX rather than a securities exchange, there may be significantly less trading volume and analyst coverage of, and significantly
less investor interest in, our common stock, which may lead to lower trading prices for our common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
potential delisting of our common stock from the Nasdaq may have materially adverse consequences to our stockholders, including:</FONT></P>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
    reduced market price and liquidity with respect to our shares of common stock, which could make our ability to raise new investment
    capital more difficult;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">limited
    dissemination of market price of our common stock;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">limited
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">limited
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    common stock being considered a &#8220;penny stock,&#8221; which would result in broker-dealers participating in sales of our common
    stock being subject to the regulations set forth in Rules 15g-2 through 15g-9 promulgated under the Exchange Act </FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">increased
    difficulty in selling our common stock in certain states due to &#8220;blue sky&#8221; restrictions; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">limited
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  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
you purchase our securities in this offering, you may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings or other equity
issuances.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may offer and issue additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock in
the future. We are generally not restricted from issuing additional securities, including shares of common stock, securities that are
convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, common stock or substantially similar securities. The issuance
of securities in future offerings may cause dilution to our stockholders, including investors in this offering. We cannot assure you
that we will be able to sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is equal to or greater than the
price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing other securities in the future could have rights superior
to existing stockholders. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible
into or exchangeable for our common stock in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share in this offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Trading
of our common stock may be limited, making it difficult for our stockholders to sell their shares, and future sales of common stock could
reduce our stock price.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
common stock currently trades on Nasdaq under the ticker &#8220;SHPH.&#8221; The liquidity of our common stock may be limited, including
in terms of the number of shares that can be bought and sold at a given price and reduction in security analysts&#8217; and the media&#8217;s
coverage of us, if any. These factors may result in different prices for our common stock than might otherwise be obtained in a more
liquid market and could also result in a larger spread between the bid and asked prices for our common stock. In addition, in the absence
of a large market capitalization, our common stock is less liquid than the stock of companies with broader public ownership, and, as
a result, the trading prices of our common stock may be more volatile. In the absence of an active public trading market, an investor
may be unable to liquidate his/her investment in our common stock. Trading of a relatively small volume of our common stock may have
a greater impact on the trading price of our stock. We cannot predict the prices at which our common stock will trade in the future,
if at all.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
do not currently intend to pay dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future and, consequently, your ability to achieve a return
on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our common stock.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not anticipate paying any cash dividends to holders of our common stock for the foreseeable future. Consequently, investors must rely
on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their
investments. There is no guarantee that shares of our common stock will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which our stockholders
have purchased their shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
offering price of the common stock or Pre-Funded Warrants may not be indicative of the value of our assets or the price at which securities
can be resold. The offering price of the common stock or Pre-Funded Warrants may not be an indication of our actual value.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
public offering price per common stock or Pre-Funded Warrant is being determined based upon negotiations between the Company and the
Underwriter. Factors taken into consideration include the trading volume of our common stock prior to this offering, the historical
prices at which our shares of common stock have recently traded, the history and prospects of our business, the stage of development
of our business, our business plans for the future and the extent to which they have been implemented, an assessment of our management,
general conditions of the securities markets at the time of the offering, and such other factors as we and the Underwriter deems
relevant. No assurance can be given that our common stock can be resold at the public offering price for the shares. You may not receive
a positive return on your investment when you sell your shares of common stock and you may lose the entire amount of your investment
in the common stock and Pre-Funded Warrants.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The Pre-Funded Warrants are speculative in nature.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pre-Funded Warrants offered hereby do not confer any rights of common stock ownership on their holders, such as voting rights or the
right to receive dividends, but rather merely represent the right to acquire shares of common stock at a fixed price. Specifically, commencing
on the date of issuance, holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants may acquire the common stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants at an
exercise price of $0.001 per share. Moreover, following this offering, the market value of the Pre-Funded Warrants will
be uncertain and there can be no assurance that the market value of such Pre-Funded Warrants will equal or exceed their public
offering price. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price
and trading volume could decline.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
trading market for our common stock may depend in part on research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us
or our business. Securities and industry analysts do not currently, and may never, publish research on us. If securities or industry
analysts do not cover us or commence coverage of us, the trading price for our stock would likely be negatively impacted. In the event
securities or industry analysts initiate coverage, if one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate
or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price may decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails
to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>FINRA
sales practice requirements may limit a stockholder&#8217;s ability to buy and sell our securities.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
June 30, 2020, the SEC implemented Regulation Best Interest requiring that &#8220;A broker, dealer, or a natural person who is an associated
person of a broker or dealer, when making a recommendation of any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities
(including account recommendations) to a retail customer, shall act in the best interest of the retail customer at the time the recommendation
is made, without placing the financial or other interest of the broker, dealer, or natural person who is an associated person of a broker
or dealer making the recommendation ahead of the interest of the retail customer.&#8221; This is a significantly higher standard for
broker-dealers to recommend securities to retail customers than before under FINRA &#8220;suitability rules.&#8221; FINRA suitability
rules do still apply to institutional investors and require that in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have
reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer. Prior to recommending securities to their customers,
broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer&#8217;s financial status, tax status, investment
objectives and other information, and for retail customers determine the investment is in the customer&#8217;s &#8220;best interest&#8221;
and meet other SEC requirements. As a result, fewer broker-dealers may be willing to make a market in our common stock, reducing a stockholder&#8217;s
ability to resell shares of our common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>This
offering may cause the trading price of our shares of common stock to decrease.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
price per common stock or Pre-Funded Warrant, may result in an immediate decrease in the market price of our shares. This decrease may
continue after the completion of this offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Resales
of our shares of common stock in the public market by the stockholders as a result of this offering may cause the market price of our
shares of common stock to decline.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Sales of substantial amounts of our shares
of common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could adversely affect the market price of our shares
of common stock. The issuance of new shares of common stock could result in resales of our shares of common stock by our current shareholders
concerned about the potential ownership dilution of their holdings. Furthermore, in the future, we may issue additional shares of common
stock or other equity or debt securities exercisable or convertible into shares of common stock. Any such issuance could result in substantial
dilution to our existing shareholders and could cause our stock price to decline.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="b_001"></FONT>SPECIAL
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
prospectus and the documents included herein contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements
other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus
and the documents included herein are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology
such as &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;would,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221;
&#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221;
&#8220;seek,&#8221; &#8220;contemplate,&#8221; &#8220;project,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;ongoing&#8221;
or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements
about:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to establish and maintain additional collaborations and retain commercial rights for our product candidates subject to collaborations;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our technologies and product candidates and our ability to operate
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
    expectations regarding the time during which we will be an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &#9679; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> global political and geopolitical changes, particularly
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">developments
    relating to our competitors or our industry.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
statements relate to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other
factors that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance
or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially
from current expectations include, among other things, those described in the section entitled &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; in this prospectus
and contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, which are included in this prospectus,
together with the information included in this prospectus, and in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection
with this offering.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
forward-looking statement in this prospectus, incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and the documents included herein
reflects our current view with respect to future events and is subject to these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating
to our operations, results of operations, industry, and future growth. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance
on these forward-looking statements. Except as required by U.S. federal securities law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these
forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="bk_001"></FONT>MARKET
AND INDUSTRY DATA AND FORECASTS </B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
obtained the industry and market data used throughout this prospectus from our own internal estimates and research, as well as from independent
market research, industry and general publications and surveys, governmental agencies, publicly available information and research, surveys
and studies conducted by third parties. Internal estimates are derived from publicly available information released by industry analysts
and third- party sources, our internal research and our industry experience, and are based on assumptions made by us based on such data
and our knowledge of our industry and market, which we believe to be reliable and reasonable. In some cases, we do not expressly refer
to the sources from which this data is derived. In addition, while we believe the industry and market data included in this prospectus
or incorporated by reference in this prospectus is reliable and based on reasonable assumptions, such data involve material risks
and other uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed in the section entitled &#8220;<FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Risk
Factors</FONT>&#8221; and &#8220;Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.&#8221; These and other factors could cause results
to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by the independent parties or by us.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="b_003"></FONT>USE
OF PROCEEDS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
estimate that the net proceeds from this offering, after deducting underwriting fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us,
will be approximately $5,470,000 million (based on an assumed public offering price of $0.60 per share of
common stock, which was the last reported sales price of our common stock on Nasdaq on February 26, 2025, and assuming that
all shares of common stock are sold). We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to fund our Phase II clinical trial for
our lead product candidate, including a revised work order for $2.8 million in payments to Theradex Systems, Inc., the CROs
supporting our Phase II clinical trials for our radiation sensitizer Ropidoxuridine, and for working capital and general corporate
purposes. In addition, we may use up to $2.0 million for marketing and advertising services to communicate information about the
Company to the financial community. We presently work with two IR/PR firms and are planning to engage an additional firm to bolster the Company&rsquo;s marketing and advertising outreach. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
expected use of net proceeds from this offering represents our intentions based upon our current plans and business conditions, which
could change in the future as our plans and business conditions evolve. While we anticipate that the majority of the net proceeds will
be used to support our Phase II clinical trial for Ropidoxuridine, and the general corporate efforts required to support them, we cannot
currently allocate specific percentages of the net proceeds to us from this offering that we may use for the purposes specified above.
Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could use them for purposes other
than those contemplated at the time of this offering. Our stockholders may not agree with the manner in which our management chooses
to allocate and spend the net proceeds. Moreover, our management may use the net proceeds for corporate purposes that may not result
in our being profitable or that increases our market value.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Pending
our use of the net proceeds from this offering, we intend to invest the net proceeds in a variety of capital preservation investments,
including short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing instruments and U.S. government securities.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="bk_004"></FONT>MANAGEMENT</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
directors and executive officers and their respective ages and titles are as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 32%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Name</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Age</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 56%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Position(s)
    and Office(s) Held</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Anatoly
    Dritschilo, M.D.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">80</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chairman
    of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Timothy
    J. Lorber</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">66</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Financial Officer*</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Michael
    Vander Hoek</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">65</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">VP
    for Operations and Regulatory, former Chief Financial Officer*</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Peter
    Dritschilo</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">55</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">President
    and Chief Operating Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mira
    Jung, Ph.D.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">74</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Scientific Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Tyvin
    Rich, M.D.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">76</FONT></TD>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Clinical Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Steven
    Richards</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">55</FONT></TD>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">George
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48</FONT> </TD>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Oleh
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT> </TD>
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Director (1)(2)(3) </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joseph
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Independent
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  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Member
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Member
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Member
    of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*Timothy
Lorber became our Chief Financial Officer on June 13, 2024. Prior to that time, Michael Vander Hoek served as our Chief Financial Officer.</FONT></P>

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forth below is a description of the background and business experience of our directors and executive officers.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Anatoly
Dritschilo, M.D.</B> Dr. Dritschilo is a co-founder of the Company and has served as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board
of Directors since the Company&#8217;s formation in December 2012. Dr. Dritschilo is a radiation oncologist by training and has held
multiple leadership positions in health care. At Georgetown University Medical School in Washington, D.C., he served principally as Department
Chair from 1980 to 2022; Chief of Radiation Oncology at MedStar-Georgetown University Hospital from 2005 to 2022; Medical Director of
Georgetown University Hospital from 1994 to 1997; and Interim Director of the NCI-funded Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center from 2005
to 2007. He has also served on the boards of directors of MedStar-Georgetown University Hospital, the National Capital Rehabilitation
Hospital, and the MedStar Health Research Institute. Previously, he was a founding director of Oncomed, Inc. and a member of the board
of directors of Neopharm, Inc. His 250+ scientific publications and 12 issued patents have earned him election as a Fellow of the National
Academy of Inventors. Dr. Dritschilo holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Pennsylvania,
a medical degree from the College of Medicine of New Jersey and residency training from the Harvard Joint Center for Radiation Therapy.
His qualifications support his service as our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Timothy
J. Lorber, CPA</B> serves as the Company&#8217;s Chief Financial Officer, a position he assumed on a part-time basis on June 13,
2024 and on full-time basis on September 9, 2024. Mr. Lorber has more than 40 years of professional
finance experience, including Legg Mason, Inc. (&#8220;Legg Mason&#8221;), one of the world&#8217;s larger public global asset management
firms, where he worked from March 2006 to July 2020 serving in various finance leadership roles, including Managing Director and Chief
Accounting Officer until its sale in 2020. From August 2021 until June 2024, Mr. Lorber has served in leadership roles with several privately
held businesses, overseeing finance, technology and human resources functions. Prior to Legg Mason, Mr. Lorber served as Internal Audit
Director of Freddie Mac from August 2003 to March 2006 and has also worked for several international public accounting firms. Mr. Lorber
has extensive experience with mergers and acquisitions, valuations and complex accounting and financial reporting matters and holds a
Bachelor of Arts in Accounting from Loyola University, Maryland, and is a licensed CPA.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Michael
P. Vander Hoek</B> serves as the Company&#8217;s Vice President, Operations and Regulatory, a position he has held since 2019, and served
as the Company&#8217;s Chief Financial Officer from 2019 until June 13, 2024. From November 2019 until April 2021, Mr. Vander Hoek served
as Director, Finance and Business Development at Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center (&#8220;LCCC&#8221;), where he directed
a new five-year $221.9 million institutional commitment for cancer center research under a new NCI-approved cancer consortium arrangement
and recruited scientists to fulfill strategic objectives with senior leaders to improve cancer research and treatment. From 2007 until
November 2019, Mr. Vander Hoek served as Associate Director, Administration, at Georgetown&#8217;s LCCC, where he was responsible for
direct administrative operations for more than 400 faculty and staff in the department of oncology, radiation medicine, pathology and
biostatistics, bioinformatics and biomathematics, including managing $216.9 million in institutional commitments to LCCC from Medstar
Health, John Theurer Cancer Center (&#8220;JTCC&#8221;), and Georgetown University. and implementing an enterprise-wide clinical trial
management system for Georgetown University and Medstar Health. From 2004 until 2007, Mr. Vander Hoek served as Chief Financial Officer
at Georgetown&#8217;s LCCC. During his time at Georgetown, Mr. Vander Hoek negotiated a series of 12 research integration agreements
between LCCC and the JTCC that resulted in the approval of an NCI recognized Consortium in 2019. From 2001 until 2004, Mr. Vander Hoek
served as Vice-Chair, Planning and Administration, at MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, where he was responsible for managing administrative
and financial operations for some 440 staff, physicians, residents and fellows in the departments of Medicine and Neurology. From 1996
until 2001, Mr. Vander Hoek served as Senior Associate Administrator, Finance and Information Systems, for the Department of Medicine,
Georgetown University Medical Center, where he designed and managed the faculty compensation system, while managing the finances and
information systems for the department. His financial management experience in publicly held companies includes Director of Managed Care
Reimbursement for Critical Care America from 1990 to 1993 and Regional Controller for Laboratory Corporation of America (LabCorp) from
1993 to 1996. His responsibilities at both companies included extensive financial management related to mergers, acquisitions, and start-up
operations. Mr. Vander Hoek holds a Master&#8217;s in Health Services Administration from The George Washington University and a Bachelor
of Arts in Biology and Psychology from Hope College.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Peter
Dritschilo </B>has served as our President and Chief Operating Officer since Shuttle was formed in December 2012. He also served as our
Chief Financial Officer until 2019. Mr. Dritschilo has more than 25 years of business management experience in medical services and cancer
treatment. He has held administrative positions with Medstar-Rad America from 2001 to 2005, Georgetown University 2005 to 2006, Prince
William Hospital and the Fauquier Hospital Cancer Center 2006 to 2011 and Inova Health System&#8217;s Schar Cancer Institute from 2011
to 2018. In 2014, Mr. Dritschilo filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection due to the failure of a personal business venture. Mr. Dritschilo
graduated from Georgetown University and received his MBA from the George Washington University.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Mira
Jung, Ph.D.</B>, a co-founder of our company, has served as our Chief Scientific Officer for Biology since December 2012, and was a member
of our board of directors from our formation in December 2012 until 2019. Since 2004, Dr. Jung has served as Professor of Radiation Medicine
and Microbiology at Georgetown University Medical School. With over 30 years of experience in molecular radiation biology research, she
is an expert in mechanisms of radiation resistance and on the roles of HDAC inhibitors in modifying the radiation response. Dr. Jung&#8217;s
research has been funded by NIH and the DOD leading to 100+ publications and nine patents granted by the USPTO, including the first reports
of HDAC inhibitor drug classes modifying cancer cell radiation resistance and protecting normal tissues from radiation damage. Dr. Jung
holds an MA degree and a PhD in Microbiology and Molecular Virology from the University of Kansas, Lawrence.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Tyvin
A. Rich, M.D.</B> serves as our company&#8217;s Chief Medical Officer and is responsible for the clinical development of novel radiation
sensitizers. Since 2010, Dr. Rich has served as a Staff Radiation Oncologist at the Hampton University Proton Therapy Institute in Hampton
Virginia and Professor Emeritus at University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Department of Radiation Oncology. From 1995 until 2010,
Dr. Rich was a Professor and Chairman of the Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology at the University of Virginia Health Sciences
Center. Prior to that, from 1984 through 1995, Dr. Rich was a Professor of Radiotherapy and Director of Clinics in the Department of
Radiotherapy of the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. He has served as the protocol chair for RTOG clinical trials that
advanced the use of chemoradiation for the treatment of rectal and pancreatic cancers. He is an expert in the applications of infusional
5-Fluorouracil for chemoradiation therapy of gastro-intestinal cancers and has authored more than 200 scientific articles, reviews and
book chapters. Dr. Rich received his undergraduate degree at Rutgers University, his medical degree at the University of Virginia, and
completed residencies in internal medicine at Georgetown University Medical Center and radiation therapy at Massachusetts General Hospital,
Harvard Medical School.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Steven
Richards. </B>Mr. Richards was appointed to be a member of our Board of Directors in 2019. He is CEO and Founder of Endurance Media,
a media finance company based in Santa Monica, California, that launched in 2014 with a strategic alliance with eOne Entertainment and
a mandate to produce and finance commercially driven feature films. From 2006 to 2014, Mr. Richards served as Co-President and Chief
Operating Officer of Silver Pictures where he oversaw all business activities and managed a team of more than 20 people responsible for
film development, production, and financial information. From 2000 to 2006, he served as Chief Financial Officer at Silver Pictures and
from 1995 to 2000 as Vice President, Finance, at Silver Pictures. Mr. Richards holds an MBA in Finance from UCLA, a BBA in accounting
from Temple University, and holds his CPA license. We believe his experience as a chief financial officer and his knowledge of accounting
will assist in providing guidance and oversight to our Board of Directors as we grow our Company.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>George
Scorsis</B>. Mr. Scorsis has served as director of the Company since February 2025. Mr. Scorsis has over 25 years of experience
leading companies in highly regulated industries to rapid growth, including alcohol, energy drinks, medical cannabis, psychedelics
and cell based foods. Mr. Scorsis started his career in alcoholic beverage while attending York University in 2000, completing his
Bachelor in Administrative Studies. From July 2011 to October 2015, Mr. Scorsis served as the President of Red Bull Canada. During
this position, Mr. Scorsis was instrumental in restructuring the organization from a geographical and operational perspective,
growing the business to $150 million  in revenue. From October 2015 to July 2017, Mr. Scorsis worked as President at Mettrum Health
Corp., a leading Canadian cannabis distributor. From July 2017 to February 2019, Mr. Scorsis served as the Chief Executive
Officer and Director of Liberty Health Sciences, which was one of the first Canadian companies to expand into the U.S. and was
fundamental in developing the platform which was most recently acquired for $372 million. From January 2015 to April
2018, Mr. Scorsis has served as Chairman of the Board of Directors of SOL Global Investments Corp. (formerly known as Scythian
Biosciences Corp.) Mr. Scorsis also currently serves as the Chairman of Entourage Health Corp.
(since February 2019) and Chairman of AWAKN Life Sciences (since January 2017) -Position at, both of which are
publicly traded on the TSX Venture Exchange and NEO Exchange. We believe his strong entrepreneurial background, as well as his detailed knowledge and experience working with biotech
and pharmaceutical companies, position him well to serve as an effective member of our board of directors.</FONT> </P>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Oleh
Nabyt</B>. Mr. Nabyt has served as director of the Company since February 2025. Mr. Nabyt comes with a strong track record of
financial analysis and process improvement across multiple industries, with significant progression in roles and responsibilities.
From June 2017 to September 2018, Mr. Nabyt served as Financial Analyst at Zoetis. At Zoetis, he led data governance, developed KPI
dashboards, enhanced operational visibility, and played a key role in streamlining financial processes during a critical growth
phase. From September 2018 to April 2020, Mr. Nabyt served as a lead Financial Associate on the FP&amp;A team at Hudson Group, a
newly public company. At Hudson Group, he worked directly under the Chief Financial Officer and closely with Investor Relations.
From May 2021 to present, Mr. Nabyt has served as Finance Manager at NCLH, where he oversees a $500M budget, continuing to take on
increasingly complex financial management and leadership responsibilities. Mr. Nabyt received his bachelor&rsquo;s degree from
Rutgers University in 2016. His diverse experience positions him as a strategic finance professional, adept at driving both
operational excellence and financial efficiency. We believe his detailed knowledge of financial industries and public companies position him well to serve as an effective
member of our board of directors.</FONT> </P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Mr.
Joseph Tung</B>, age 41, has served as director of the Company since February 2025. Mr. Tung is a securities and corporate lawyer with
over a decade of experience advising clients across industries such as mining, technology, cryptocurrency, cannabis, and pharmaceuticals.
Mr. Tung became a Partner of Oakridge Law LLP in January 2025. Prior to this, from November 2021 to October 2024, he practiced securities
and corporate law at Garfinkle Biderman LLP, where he advised on stock exchange listings, securities offerings, corporate governance,
and business transactions including reverse takeovers and qualifying transactions. Previously, he worked at CC Corporate Counsel PC from
September 2020 to October 2021, where he handled continuous disclosure documents and stock exchange compliance, and from October 2019
to April 2020, he worked at Beber PC where he focused on secured lending and commercial real estate transactions. Mr. Tung holds dual
Canadian and American Juris Doctor degrees from the University of Windsor and University of Detroit Mercy, which he obtained in 2017,
a Bachelor of Mathematics from the University of Waterloo, which he obtained in 2006, and has completed two levels of the CFA (Chartered
Financial Analyst) exam. We believe his detailed knowledge of corporate and securities law, as well as his CFA and financial knowledge
and experience, position him to serve as an effective member of our board of directors.</FONT> </P>

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Advisory Committee</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Ralph
R. Weichselbaum, M.D. </B>has served as Scientific Advisor to Shuttle Pharmaceuticals for translational research for the discovery and
development of radiation response modifiers since 2013. Dr. Weichselbaum is the Daniel K. Ludwig Professor and Chairman of the Department
of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, the University of Chicago, a position he has held since 1985. He is also an elected member of the
Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences. He has devoted his career to translational research in cancer with combined radiotherapy
and chemotherapy. Dr. Weichselbaum and his colleagues conceived &#8220;genetic radiotherapy&#8221; and developed viral constructs for
use in clinical tumor radiation sensitization. These were commercialized as TNFerade (GenVec, Inc.) and tested in a Phase I clinical
trial in prostate cancer and a Phase III clinical trial for pancreatic cancer.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Alejandro
Villagra, Ph.D.</B> has served as a Scientific Advisor to Shuttle Pharmaceuticals with expertise in cellular signaling pathways, epigenetics
and immunology since 2017. Dr. Villagra received his Ph.D. in Molecular Biology from the University of Concepcion, in Chile in 2004 and
completed post-graduate training at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute in Tampa, Florida in Molecular Immunology
in 2009, in the Laboratory of Eduardo Sotomayor, MD. He joined the faculty of the Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, as a
research scientist from 2009 through 2015 and advanced to Assistant Professor of Oncologic Sciences. He became an Assistant Professor
in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine at the George Washington University (GWU) School of Medicine and Health Sciences
in 2015, as a member of the GWU Cancer Center. His research is focused on molecular and cellular roles of histone deacetylases (HDACs)
in tumor immunology and as adjuvants for immunotherapy of cancers.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Joseph
Armstrong, III, Ph.D.</B> joined as a Scientific Advisor to Shuttle Pharmaceuticals in 2021, He received his Ph.D. from the University
of Colorado in 1988, completed his post-doctoral work at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville and holds the position of Chief
Operating Officer at and Global Head of Business Development TCG GreenChem. He provides industry experience in chemistry, drug development
and process research, having previously held positions at Merck &amp; Co. Inc. in Rahway, N.J and in the U.K. for two pharmaceutical
companies in the areas of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. His primary areas of focus have been in the design and implementation
of efficient synthesis of drug candidates amenable to large scale production. Dr. Armstrong led the development team that designed, developed
and implemented the manufacturing process for the new treatment for Type II diabetes, Januvia TM. His team was awarded the Solvias Prize
in 2004 (Basel, Switzerland), the IChemE Aztra-Zeneca Award for Green Chemistry and Engineering in 2005 (London, England), Dr. Armstrong
has more than 40 publications and holds 10 patents.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Family
Relationships</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr.
Anatoly Dritschilo and Peter Dritschilo are father and son. There are no other family relationships among our directors and executive
officers.</FONT></P>

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in Certain Legal Proceedings</B></FONT></P>

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the past ten years, no director, executive officer, promoter, or control person of the Company has been involved in the following:</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
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    or similar officer was appointed by a court for the business or property of such person, or any partnership in which he was a general
    partner at or within two years before the time of such filing, or any corporation or business association of which he was an executive
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    foregoing, or as an investment adviser, underwriter, broker or dealer in securities, or as an affiliated person, director or employee
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Board
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
board of directors is responsible for overseeing the Company&#8217;s business consistent with its fiduciary duty to the stockholders.
This significant responsibility requires highly skilled individuals with various qualities, attributes and professional experience. There
are general requirements for service on the board of directors that are applicable to directors and there are other skills and experience
that should be represented on the board of directors as a whole but not necessarily by each director. Our Corporate Governance and Nominating
Committee, detailed below, considers the qualifications of director candidates individually and in the broader context of the board of
directors&#8217; overall composition and the Company&#8217;s current and future needs.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Terms
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
of our directors are elected to one-year terms to hold office until the next annual meeting of our stockholders and until a successor
is appointed and qualified, or until their removal, resignation, or death. Executive officers serve at the pleasure of the board of directors.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Director
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
order to qualify for continued listing on Nasdaq, our board of directors must consist of a majority of &#8220;independent&#8221; directors,
as defined under Nasdaq listing standards and Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Exchange Act. At present, four of the five directors
serving on our board of directors qualify as &#8220;independent.&#8221; Our independent directors consist of Messrs. Richards, Scorsis,
Tung and Nabyt. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Board
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>General</I></B></FONT></P>

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and Rule 10A-3(b)(1). Moreover, at least one member of the audit committee qualifies as an &#8220;audit committee financial expert&#8221;
as the term is defined under Nasdaq listing standards and applicable rules and regulations of the SEC, based on their respective business
professional experience in the financial and accounting fields.</FONT></P>

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Committee</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

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audit committee, which consists of Steven Richards, MBA, CPA (Chair), Oleh Nabyt and George Scorsis, assists our board of directors
in its oversight of the Company&#8217;s accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the Company&#8217;s financial
statements, including (a) the quality and integrity of the Company&#8217;s financial statements (b) the Company&#8217;s compliance with
legal and regulatory requirements, (c) the independent auditors&#8217; qualifications and independence and (d) the performance of the
Company&#8217;s internal audit functions and independent auditors, as well as other matters which may come before it as directed by the
board of directors. Further, the audit committee, to the extent it deems necessary or appropriate, among its several other responsibilities,
will:</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">review
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    including any significant changes in our company&#8217;s selection or application of accounting principles; and (ii) the effect of
    any regulatory and accounting initiatives, as well as off-balance sheet structures, on the financial statements of the company;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">monitor
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    our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and will have the authority to initiate any special investigations of conflicts
    of interest, and compliance with federal, state and local laws and regulations, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, as may
    be warranted.</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Compensation
Committee</I></B></FONT></P>

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compensation committee, which consists of George Scorsis (Chair), Steven Richards and Oleh Nabyt, aids our board of directors
in meeting its responsibilities relating to the compensation of the Company&#8217;s executive officers and to administer all incentive
compensation plans and equity-based plans of the Company, including the plans under which Company securities may be acquired by directors,
executive officers, employees and consultants. Further, the compensation committee, to the extent it deems necessary or appropriate,
among its several other responsibilities, will:</FONT></P>

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    officers; (ii) ensure the motivation of corporate officers to achieve the Company&#8217;s business objectives; and (iii) align the
    interests of key management with the long-term interests of the Company&#8217;s stockholders;</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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    recommendations to the board of directors regarding compensation for non-employee directors, and review periodically non- employee
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    appropriate; and</FONT></TD></TR>
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nominating and corporate governance committee, which consists of Joseph Tung (Chair), George Scorsis and Oleh Nabyt, recommends to the
board of directors individuals qualified to serve as directors and on committees of the board of directors to advise the board of directors
with respect to the board of directors composition, procedures and committees to develop and recommend to the board of directors a set
of corporate governance principles applicable to the Company, and to oversee the evaluation of the board of directors and Shuttle&#8217;s
management. In addition, the nominating and corporate governance committee will consider diversity of background including diversity
of race, ethnicity, international background, gender and age when evaluating candidates for board of directors membership.</FONT></P>

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the nominating and corporate governance committee, to the extent it deems necessary or appropriate, among its several other responsibilities
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Code
of Ethics</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of our executive officers, directors and employees. The code of ethics codifies the
business and ethical principles that govern all aspects of our business. This document will be made available in print, free of charge,
to any stockholder requesting a copy in writing from our secretary at our executive offices in Gaithersburg, Maryland. A copy of our
code of ethics is available on our website at <FONT STYLE="text-decoration: underline">www.shuttlepharma.com</FONT>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Insider
Trading Policies and Procedures</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has adopted an insider trading policy, as amended and restated on March 10, 2023 (the &#8220;Insider Trading Policy&#8221;),
overseen by the Company&#8217;s corporate secretary, that applies to all (i) directors, (ii) executive officers and (iii) employees who
are exposed to insider information (together, the &#8220;Covered Persons&#8221;). The Insider Trading Policy prohibits the use of material
non-public information obtained by Covered Persons through their involvement with the Company when making decisions to purchase, sell,
give away or otherwise trade in the Company&#8217;s securities or to provide such information to others outside the organization. Under
the Insider Trading Policy, material non-public information includes, among other things, significant changes in the Company&#8217;s
prospects, significant write-downs, liquidity problems, changes in management, extraordinary borrowings, changes in debt, planned public
offerings or any other information that may be deemed material to the Company or the Company&#8217;s prospects. Further, we have established
black-out periods to which all Covered Persons are subject, including quarterly black-out periods, which commence three weeks before
the end of each quarter and continue until the quarterly results are disclosed by filing the Company&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q or Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company may impose black-out periods from time to time as other types of material non-public
information occur when material non-public events or disclosures are pending. If the Company imposes a special black-out period, the
Company will notify Covered Persons accordingly. Covered Persons are permitted to trade in the Company&#8217;s securities only when there
is no black-out period in effect and such trade has been pre-cleared by the Company&#8217;s corporate secretary, or when a qualified
10b5-1 plan has been established in accordance with federal securities laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Clawback
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the Company does not presently have in place any significant incentive compensation agreements or awards related to the Company&#8217;s
overall financial performance, the Company&#8217;s board of directors has adopted a clawback policy in order to comply with federal securities
laws. As such, we have adopted a clawback policy in which we may seek the recovery or forfeiture of incentive compensation paid by us,
including cash, equity or equity-based compensation, in the event we restate our financial statements under certain circumstances. The
clawback policy applies to our Section 16 officers, any employee who was eligible to receive incentive compensation and whose conduct
contributed to the need for a restatement, and any other former Section 16 officer or other employee who contributed to the need for
such restatement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Board
of Directors Role in Risk Oversight</B></FONT></P>

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of the board of directors have periodic meetings with management and the Company&#8217;s independent auditors to perform risk oversight
with respect to the Company&#8217;s internal control processes. The Company believes that the board of directors&#8217; role in risk
oversight does not materially affect the leadership structure of the Company. The Company believes that its founders, leadership team
and members of the board of directors exemplify diversity and inclusivity with respect to race, sex and ethnic origin. The board of directors
presently has two diverse directors and is in the process of reviewing and vetting a female candidate to serve as a director. As such,
the Company anticipates being in full compliance with Nasdaq&#8217;s newly adopted diversity requirements by the end of its first year
of listing.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>


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AND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Summary
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table below summarizes all compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*
Michael Vander Hoek served as CFO through June 12, 2024, at which time Timothy Lorber assumed the position of CFO on a part-time basis
commencing June 13, 2024 and became full-time CFO on September 9, 2024.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Employment
Agreements</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
of our executive officers has entered into an employment agreement with us. The employees each will receive compensation on an annual
basis in cash, payable in monthly installments commencing at the completion of our IPO, as well as restricted stock units (&#8220;RSUs&#8221;)
subject to achieving certain key performance indicators. Certain of our executive officers are entitled to various target bonuses, upon
achievement of certain milestones. The terms of the employment agreements are as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Employment
Agreement with Anatoly Dritschilo, MD</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
June 28, 2019, we entered into an employment agreement with our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the board of directors, Anatoly
Dritschilo, M.D. Under Dr. Dritschilo&#8217;s employment agreement, Dr. Dritschilo will receive base compensation of $274,000 per year.
Dr. Dritschilo also received an initial RSU grant of 22,748 RSUs (2,844 on a post-reverse split basis) issuable under the Company&#8217;s
2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the &ldquo;Plan&rdquo;), which RSUs vested over three years in substantially equal one-third installments
on each one year anniversary of the agreement. Under his employment agreement, if Dr. Dritschilo terminates his employment for &#8220;Good
Reason,&#8221; as defined in the agreement, Dr. Dritschilo will be entitled to his then applicable base salary for period of 12 months,
subject to his continued compliance with certain requirements of his employment agreement. Dr. Dritschilo accepted a reduced salary prior
to the Company&#8217;s completion of its initial public offering in September 2022.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Employment
Agreement with Timothy J. Lorber</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
June 10, 2024, we entered into an employment agreement with our Chief Financial Officer, Timothy J. Lorber. Under Mr. Lorber&#8217;s
employment agreement, he will receive base compensation of $227,000 and is entitled to a target bonus of $72,000 upon achievement of
certain milestones. Mr. Lorber also received an initial RSU grant of $100,000 worth of RSU issuable under the Company&#8217;s Plan, which RSUs vest annually in one-third increments commencing on the first anniversary date of the grant of RSU, in accordance
with the terms of the RSUs award agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Employment
Agreement with Michael Vander Hoek</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 1, 2019, we entered into an amended employment agreement with our pervious Chief Financial Officer and Vice President for Operations
and Regulatory, Michael Vander Hoek. Under Mr. Vander Hoek&#8217;s employment agreement, he will receive base compensation of $227,000
and is entitled to a target bonus of $72,000 upon achievement of certain milestones. Mr. Vander Hoek also received an initial RSU
grant of 6,096 RSUs (762 on a post-reverse split basis) and an additional grant of 12,500 RSUs on a post-reverse split basis on March
8, 2024 which were fully vested on the grant date and issued under the Company&#8217;s Plan. The initial RSU grant
vested over three years in substantially equal installments on each one year anniversary of the agreement Under Mr. Vander Hoek&#8217;s
employment agreement, if he terminates his employment for &#8220;Good Reason,&#8221; as defined in the agreement, he will be entitled
to his then applicable base salary for period of 12 months, subject to his continued compliance with certain requirements of his employment
agreement. Mr. Vander Hoek accepted a reduced salary prior to the Company&#8217;s completion of its initial public offering in September
2022. Effective September 10, 2024, Mr. Vander Hoek assumes the Vice President, Regulatory position on a full-time basis and stops being
our Chief Financial Officer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Employment
Agreement with Peter Dritschilo</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
May 30, 2019, we entered into an employment agreement with our President and Chief Operating Officer, Peter Dritschilo. Under Mr. Dritschilo&#8217;s
employment agreement, Mr. Dritschilo will receive base compensation of $236,000 and is entitled to a target bonus of $72,000 upon achievement
of certain milestones. Mr. Dritschilo also received an initial RSU grant of 10,380 RSUs (1,298 on a post-reverse split basis)
issuable under the Company&#8217;s Plan, which RSUs vest over three years in substantially equal installments on
each one-year anniversary of the agreement. Under Mr. Dritschilo&#8217;s employment agreement, if Mr. Dritschilo terminates his employment
for &#8220;Good Reason,&#8221; as defined in the agreement, he will be entitled to his then applicable base salary for period of 12 months,
subject to his continued compliance with certain requirements of his employment agreement. Mr. Dritschilo accepted a reduced salary prior
to the Company&#8217;s completion of its initial public offering in September 2022.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Employment
Agreement with Tyvin Rich, M.D.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
May 31, 2019, we entered into an employment agreement with our Chief Clinical Officer, Tyvin Rich, M.D. Under Dr. Rich&#8217;s employment
agreement, Dr. Rich receives base compensation of $218,000 per year and is entitled to a target bonus of $43,000 upon achievement of
certain milestones. Dr. Rich also received an initial RSU grant of 3,843 RSUs (481 on a post-reverse split basis) issuable
under the Company&#8217;s Plan, which RSUs vest over three years in substantially equal installments on each one
year anniversary of the agreement. Under Dr. Rich&#8217;s employment agreement, if Dr. Rich terminates his employment for &#8220;Good
Reason,&#8221; as defined in the agreement, he is entitled to his then applicable base salary for period of 12 months, subject to his
continued compliance with certain provisions of his employment agreement. Dr. Rich accepted a reduced salary prior to the Company&#8217;s
completion of its initial public offering in September 2022.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Employment
Agreement with Mira Jung, Ph.D.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
Dr. Jung&#8217;s employment agreement, entered into on May 1, 2023, Dr. Jung receives base compensation of $46,800 per year (representing
a 20% time commitment) and is entitled to a target bonus of $14,200 upon achievement of certain milestones. She also received an additional
grant worth $20,200 worth of RSUs in May 2023, vesting annually in one-third increments commencing on the first anniversary date of the
grant of RSUs. Dr. Jung also received an initial RSU grant of 892 RSUs (112 on a post-reverse split basis) issuable under the Company&#8217;s Plan in May 2019, which RSUs vest over three years in substantially equal installments on each one-year anniversary
of the agreement. Under Dr. Jung&#8217;s employment agreement, if Dr. Jung terminates her employment for &#8220;Good Reason,&#8221; as
defined in the agreement, Dr. Jung is then entitled to her then applicable base salary for period of 12 months, subject to her continued
compliance with certain requirements of her employment agreement. Dr. Jung accepted a reduced salary prior to the Company&#8217;s completion
of its initial public offering in September 2022.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Outstanding
Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, a total of 1,109,741 RSUs have been granted to our executive officers and directors under our Plan, of which
869,468 RSUs have vested and 239,440 remain subject to vesting, after the acceleration of RSUs held by resigning directors
on February 28, 2025. The Company has filed a registration statement on Form S-8 (SEC File No. 333-268758) to register shares granted
under the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table sets forth information concerning the number of shares of common stock underlying outstanding equity incentive awards
for each of our executive officers as of December 31, 2024:</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2018
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our Plan provides for equity incentives to be granted to our employees, executive officers or directors and to key
advisers and consultants. Equity incentives may be in the form of stock options with an exercise price of not less than the fair market
value of the underlying shares as determined pursuant to the Plan, restricted stock awards, other stock- based
awards, or any combination of the foregoing. The Plan is administered by the Company&#8217;s compensation committee
or, alternatively, if there is no compensation committee, the Company&#8217;s board of directors. We have reserved 3,000,000 shares of
our common stock for issuance under the Plan, of which 1,187,189  shares have been granted under the Plan as of the date of this
registration statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Director
Compensation</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
of our non-employee directors, pursuant to the terms of director agreements (the &#8220;Director Agreements&#8221;), between each of
the directors and the Company, receives compensation on an annual basis consisting of $25,000 in cash, payable in quarterly installments
commencing 90 days after completion of our initial public offering, and received RSUs upon their respective dates of election, one
of whom received $75,000 in RSUs and three of whom will, upon entry into director offer letters with the Company, receive
$100,000 in RSUs. The RSUs vest over a two-year period in one third increments, with one-third vesting immediately upon signing and one-third
vesting on each of the first and second anniversary of election. In addition, non-employee directors will also be reimbursed for out-of-pocket
costs incurred in connection with attending meetings. The Company expects to provide its newly appointed directors compensation consistent with previously executed director
agreements. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="bk_006"></FONT>BENEFICIAL
OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table sets forth, as of the date of this registration statement, the beneficial ownership of our common stock by each director
and executive officer, by each person known by us to beneficially own 5% or more of our common stock and by directors and executive officers
as a group. Unless otherwise stated, the address of the persons set forth in the table is c/o Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.,
401 Professional Drive, Suite 260, Gaithersburg, MD 20879.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beneficial
ownership is determined in accordance with SEC rules and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Unless
otherwise indicated, the stockholders listed in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares indicated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
share ownership figures set forth in the below table include shares of our commons stock issuable upon securities convertible
or exchangeable into shares of our common stock, whether or not convertible or exchangeable within 60 days of the effective date of this
registration statement. Such shares are deemed outstanding and beneficially owned by such person only for purposes of computing
his or her percentage ownership, but not for purposes of computing the percentage ownership for any other person.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of March 3, 2025, there were issued and outstanding 4,916,772 shares of common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"> Names and addresses </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Number
                                            of</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>shares
                                            of</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>common
                                            stock</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>beneficially</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>owned
                                            (#)</B></FONT> </P></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Percentage
                                            of</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>shares
                                            of</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>common
                                            stock</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>beneficially</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>owned
                                            before</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>offering
                                            (%)</B></FONT> </P></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Number
                                            of</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>shares
                                            of</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>common
                                            stock</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>beneficially
                                            owned</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>after
                                            the offering</B></FONT> </P></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Percentage
                                            of</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>shares
                                            of</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>common</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>stock
                                            beneficially</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>owned
                                            after</B></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>offering
                                            (%) (1)</B></FONT> </P></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> Directors and Named Executive Officers: </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 36%; text-align: left"> Anatoly Dritschilo, M.D.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><SUP>(2)</SUP></FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: right"> 639,083 </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: right"> 13.0 </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: right"> 639,083 </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: right"> 4.3 </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD> Timothy Lorber<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><SUP>(3)</SUP></FONT> </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> Mira Jung, Ph.D.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><SUP>(4)</SUP></FONT> </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 135,715 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 2.8 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 135,715 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 0.9 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> Michael Vander Hoek </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 12,982 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 0.3 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 12,982 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 0.1 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> Peter Dritschilo </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 820 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 820 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> Tyvin A. Rich, M.D. </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 304 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 304 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD> Steve Richards<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><SUP>(5)</SUP></FONT> </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 214 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 214 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> George Scorsis </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> Joseph Tung </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> Oleh Nabyt </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> All directors and officers as a group (ten persons) </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 789,118 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 16.0 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 789,118 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 5.3 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> Other 5% beneficial owners: </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> Armistice Capital LLC<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><SUP>(6)</SUP></FONT> </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 306,057 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 6.2 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 306,507 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 2.1 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Denotes
    the holder owns less than one percent of the outstanding common stock.</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&plusmn;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    persons named above have full voting and investment power with respect to the shares indicated. Under the rules of the SEC, a person
    (or group of persons) is deemed to be a &ldquo;beneficial owner&rdquo; of a security if he or she, directly or indirectly, has or
    shares the power to vote or to direct the voting of such security, or the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of such
    security. Accordingly, more than one person may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of the same security.</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> (1) </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> Assumes the sale of 10,000,000 shares of common stock,
    which includes the exercise of any Pre-Funded Warrants, purchased in this offering, resulting in 14,916,772 shares of common stock.
    This number does not include <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any shares from the exercise
    of 1,826,000 pre-funded warrants that remain subject to exercise.</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists
    of (i) 135,650 shares of common stock held of record by Dr. Anatoly Dritschilo, (ii) warrants to purchase 100,382 shares of common
    stock, exercisable at $1.40 per share, (iii) 138,051 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 2,500 shares of commons stock,
    each held of record by Joy Dritschilo, his spouse, and (iv) 262,500 shares of common stock held by PAL Trust, a trust formed for
    the benefit of Dr. and Mrs. Dritschilo&rsquo;s adult children and for which a third party serves as external trustee and two of their
    children serve as co-trustees. The above amounts do not include the potential conversion of a $250,000 convertible note, which may
    be paid in cash or subject to conversion. Dr. Dritschilo disclaims beneficial ownership over all securities held by Mrs. Dritschilo
    and PAL Trust.</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Does
    not include 28,455 RSUs that remain subject to vesting.</FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> (4) </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> Does not include 1,194 RSUs that remain subject to vesting. </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> (5) </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> Does not include 209,791 RSUs that remain subject to
    vesting. </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> &nbsp; </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6)</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
    on information provided in schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 14, 2025 by Armistice Capital, LLC (&ldquo;Armistice Capital&rdquo;)
    and Steven Boyd. Armistice Capital is the investment manager of Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. (the &ldquo;Master Fund&rdquo;),
    the direct holder of the Shares, and pursuant to an Investment Management Agreement, Armistice Capital exercises voting and investment
    power over the securities of the Company &nbsp;held by the Master Fund and thus may be deemed to beneficially own the securities
    of the Company held by the Master Fund. Mr. Boyd, as the managing member of Armistice Capital, may be deemed to beneficially own
    the securities of the Company held by the Master Fund. The Master Fund specifically disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities
    of the Company directly held by it by virtue of its inability to vote or dispose of such securities as a result of its Investment
    Management Agreement with Armistice Capital. Does not include 1,826,000 pre-funded warrants held by Armistice Capital,
which pre-funded warrants may be exercised from time to time and are subject to a 9.99% ownership limitation, and warrants to purchase
2,885,246 shares of common stock, which warrants remain subject to exercise and are subject to a maximum 9.99% ownership limitation.</FONT> </TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Change
of Control</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company is not aware of any arrangements which may at a subsequent date result in a change of control of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Securities
authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>2018
Equity Incentive Plan</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
2018 Equity Incentive Plan provides for equity incentives to be granted to our employees, executive officers or directors and to key
advisers and consultants. Equity incentives may be in the form of stock options with an exercise price of not less than the fair market
value of the underlying shares as determined pursuant to the Plan, restricted stock awards, other stock- based awards, or any combination
of the foregoing. The Plan is administered by the Company&#8217;s compensation committee or, alternatively, if there is no compensation
committee, the Company&#8217;s board of directors. We have reserved 3,000,000 shares of our common stock for issuance under the Plan,
of which 1,174,683 shares have been granted under the Plan as of the date of this registration statement and 244,439 remain
subject to vesting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table provides information as of December 31, 2024 about our equity compensation plans and arrangements, as adjusted for the February 28, 2025 accelerated vesting of grants to resigning board members. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Plan category</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of
    outstanding options, warrants and rights</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options,
    warrants and rights</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Number of securities remaining available for future
    issuance under equity compensation plans</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 46%; text-align: left">Equity compensation plans approved by security holders</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right"> 244,439 </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right"> 1.20 </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right">1,231,910</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Total</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 244,439 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.20</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,231,910</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*Outstanding
equity incentive grants consist entirely of RSUs which automatically vest over time into an equal number of shares of common stock at
no additional cost to the holder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="bk_007"></FONT>CERTAIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
described below, during the last two fiscal years, there were no transactions or series of similar transactions to which we were a party
or will be a party, in which:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    amounts involved exceed or will exceed $120,000; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
    of our directors, executive officers or holders of more than 5% of our capital stock, or any member of the immediate family of any
    of the foregoing had, or will have, a direct or indirect material interest.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 1, 2020, the Company consolidated two loans obtained in 2018 for a total of $350,000 from Joy Dritschilo, the wife our Chief
Executive Officer, which loans accrued interest at 7.5% since the date of inception, into a single loan between Mrs. Dritschilo
and the Company (the &#8220;2018 Consolidated Loan&#8221;) such that, with accrued interest, the 2018 Consolidated Loan had a principal
balance of $424,005.65, bore interest at a rate of 7.5% per annum, and had a maturity date of December 31, 2021. The 2018 Consolidated
Loan were then extended until June 30, 2022, pursuant to an amendment to the 2018 Consolidated Loan agreement dated January 24, 2022.
On July 29, 2022, the Company and Mrs. Dritschilo entered into an amendment to the 2018 Consolidated Loan, pursuant to which repayment
was extended through June 30, 2023. On January 15, 2023, following closing on the Convertible Note and Warrant offering to Ayrton Capital,
the 2018 Consolidated Loan was paid off in full.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 1, 2020, the Company consolidated the May 2018 Loan and the September 2019 Loan with our Chief Executive Officer (the &#8220;2019
Consolidated Loan&#8221;), such that, with accrued interest, the 2019 Consolidated Loan had a principal balance of $138,448.20, bears
interest at the rate of 7.5% per annum, and has a maturity date of December 31, 2021. The 2019 Consolidated Loan was extended until June
30, 2022, pursuant to an amendment to the 2019 Consolidated Loan agreement dated January 24, 2022. On July 29, 2022, the Company and
our Chief Executive Officer entered into an amendment to the 2019 Consolidated Loan, pursuant to which repayment was extended through
June 30, 2023.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
June 21, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Mrs. Dritschilo in the amount of $120,000 (principal), bearing interest
at the rate of 7.5% per annum, with a single balloon payment due at maturity on June 21, 2022 (the &#8220;June 2021 Loan Agreement&#8221;).
On July 29, 2022, the Company and Mrs. Dritschilo entered into an amendment to the June 2021 Loan Agreement, pursuant to which repayment
was extended through June 30, 2023.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 1, 2022, in conjunction with our private placement of $125,000 of units consisting of 10% notes and warrants to purchase common
stock, which were sold to three accredited investors in total, Mrs. Dritschilo purchased a $50,000 note and received warrants to purchase
2,500 shares of common stock at $20.00 per share. The notes and warrants were sold pursuant to an exemption from registration pursuant
to Rule 506(b) of Regulation D of the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 14, 2022, we entered into a manufacturing agreement with TCG GreenChem, the U.S. subsidiary
of TCG Lifesciences Pvt Ltd., a global contract research and manufacturing services company located in India. Dr. Chis Senanayake, one
of our independent directors, is CEO and CSO of TCG GreenChem and CSO of TCG Lifesciences Pvt Ltd. TCG GreenChem was contracted for process
research, development and cGMP compliant manufacture of IPdR, The Company paid TCG GreenChem $450,000 during the year ended December
31, 2022 and a total of $1,096,370 during the year ended December 31, 2023, completing the contract.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On September 4, 2024, the Company
entered into a loan agreement with our Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Anatoly Dritschilo, pursuant to which Dr. Dritschilo loaned the Company of $250,000 (principal), bearing
interest at the rate of 12% per annum and which is repayable in 12 substantially equal monthly installments over a one year period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"> <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">On
October 14, 2024, </FONT>we entered into a securities purchase agreement with our Chief Executive Officer (the &ldquo;Securities
Purchase Agreement&rdquo;). Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, we issued <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">a
$250,000 5% original issue discount senior secured convertible note and warrants </FONT>to purchase up to a total of 100,382 shares
of common stock at an exercise price per share equal to $1.40 per share to Dr. Dritschilo. The convertible note matures one year
from the date of issuance (the &ldquo;Term&rdquo;), accrues interest at the rate of 14.5% per annum, and is convertible at a 110%
premium at any time beginning three months after the date of issuance. The Company has the option to prepay the convertible notes at
any time, upon 10 days written notice, for 107% of total outstanding balance (the &ldquo;Optional Prepayment Right&rdquo;). Any
outstanding principal will be paid in conversion of shares of common stock at the end of the Term, subject to the Company&rsquo;s
exercise of the Optional Prepayment Right; any accrued interest will be repaid quarterly in cash. The conversion price of the
convertible notes will be the lower of a 15% discount to (i) $1.12072 per share or (ii) the price of any offering entered into by
the Company during the Term of the convertible notes, including the Company&rsquo;s planned follow-on offering. The warrants are
immediately exercisable after issuance and will remain exercisable for a period of five years from the date of issuance. The
exercise price is subject to adjustment for any stock split, stock dividend, stock combination, recapitalization or similar event. <FONT>As
of December 31, 2024, there was outstanding principal and interest balances for the related party note of $250,000 and $7,955,
respectively. Under the fair value option, the senior convertible note is $206,085 as of December 31, 2024. </FONT> </P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Review,
Approval and Ratification of Related Party Transactions</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
related party transactions are subject to the review, approval, or ratification of our board of directors or an appropriate committee
thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="bk_008"></FONT>CAPITALIZATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of December 31, 2024:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">on
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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and (ii) the acceleration of 840,205 restricted stock units granted under the 2018 Equity Incentive
    Plan to resigning directors pursuant to the Revolving Loan Agreement closing. The acceleration
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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                                            reflect the sale of 10,000,000 shares of common stock, or Pre-Funded Warrants in lieu
                                            thereof, in this offering at an assumed offering price of $0.60 per share, which is
                                            the last reported trading price of our common stock on the Nasdaq on February 26,
                                            2025, resulting in net proceeds of $5,470,000, after deducting approximately $530,000
                                            in expenses, but excluding proceeds from any exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants being
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</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
capitalization following the closing of this offering will depend on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering
determined at pricing. Cash and cash equivalents are not components of our total capitalization. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Total capitalization</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 1,585,412 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> 1,585,412 </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
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  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding actual, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted in the table above excludes 1,231,910
shares reserved for issuance under our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan; 3,464,281 warrants which remain subject to exercise; and
1,826,000 pre-existing unexercised pre-funded warrants. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="bk_009"></FONT>DILUTION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
you invest in our common stock in this offering, your ownership interest will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference
between the public offering price per share of our common stock and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common
stock immediately after this offering. As of December 31, 2024, our historical net tangible book value was $709,152,
or $.12 per share. Our historical net tangible book value is the amount of our total tangible assets less our total
liabilities. Historical net tangible book value per share represents historical net tangible book value divided by 5,902,567
shares (4,076,567 shares of our common stock outstanding and another 1,826,000 shares of common stock issuable under
pre-existing pre-funded warrants) as of December 31, 2024.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
giving effect to the acceleration of restricted stock units and our issuance and sale of common stock, or Pre-Funded Warrants on lieu thereof, in this offering at an assumed
public offering price of $.60 per share, which is the last reported trading price of our common stock on the Nasdaq on February
26, 2025, and after deducting estimated underwriting fees and estimated transaction expenses payable by us, our pro forma as adjusted
net tangible book value as of December 31, 2024 would have been $6,179,152 million, or $0.37 per share. This represents
an immediate increase in as adjusted net tangible book value per share of $5,470,000 to existing stockholders and immediate dilution
of $0.13 in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors purchasing common stock in this offering.
Dilution per share to new investors is determined by subtracting as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering from
the assumed public offering price per share paid by new investors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table illustrates this dilution on a per share basis:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 82%">Assumed public offering price per share</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&#160;</TD>
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</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><P STYLE="margin: 0"> 0.12 </P></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Increase in as adjusted net tangible book value per share attributable to this offering</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
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</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">As adjusted net tangible book value per share after giving effect to this offering</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
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</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
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  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
information above is as of December 31, 2024 and excludes:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 41.45pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Up
    to 732,134 shares of our common stock issuable from time to time upon the conversion of outstanding Convertible Bridge Notes; </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,464,281
    </FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares of our common stock issuable upon the
    exercise of outstanding warrants, with a weighted-average exercise price of $1.89 per share; and </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,231,910
    other shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance from time to time under our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan. </FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="b_004"></FONT>DIVIDEND
POLICY</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have not paid any dividends on our common stock since inception and we currently expect that, in the foreseeable future, all earnings,
if any, will be retained for the development of our business and no dividends will be declared or paid. Any future dividends will be
subject to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon, among other things, our earnings, if any, operating results,
financial condition and capital requirements, general business conditions and other pertinent facts.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="b_005"></FONT>DESCRIPTION
OF CAPITAL STOCK</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Capital
Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
authorized capital stock consists of 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, and 20,000,000 shares of preferred
stock, par value $0.00001 per share.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Common
Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the date of this prospectus, we had 4,916,772 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Each holder of common stock is
entitled to one vote for each share owned on all matters voted upon by stockholders, and a majority vote is required for all actions
to be taken by stockholders. In the event we liquidate, dissolve or wind-up our operations, the holders of the common stock are entitled
to share equally and ratably in our assets, if any, remaining after the payment of all our debts and liabilities and the liquidation
preference of any shares of preferred stock that may then be outstanding. The common stock has no preemptive rights, no cumulative voting
rights, and no redemption, sinking fund, or conversion provisions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holders
of common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if and when declared by the board of directors, out of funds legally available for
such purpose, subject to the dividend and liquidation rights of any preferred stock that may then be outstanding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Preferred
Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series
and to fix the rights, preferences and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of such series. While our certificate
of incorporation and by-laws, each as amended to date, do not contain any provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a change
in control, the issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control or make removal of our
management more difficult. At present, our board of directors has authorized the issuance of up to 10,000 shares of Series A convertible
preferred stock, of which 1,212.5 shares were issued and subsequently converted into common stock following completion of our IPO. As
of the date of this prospectus, no preferred stock is issued or outstanding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Series
A Warrants</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
conjunction with our sale of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, our board of directors authorized the issuance of warrants to purchase
up to approximately 336,810 shares of common stock (42,113 shares on a post-reverse split basis) (the &#8220;Series A Warrants&#8221;),
to the holders of Series A Preferred Stock. The Series A Warrants were issued following consummation of our IPO, are exercisable for
a period of three years following issuance and have an exercise price of $32.00 per share.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>January
2023 Note and Warrant Offering</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
January 11, 2023, we entered into the January 2023 SPA with the January 2023 Investor and consummated the sale to such
January 2023 Investor of the January 2023 Convertible Note with an initial principal
amount of $4,300,000, bearing interest at 5% per annum, and the January 2023 Warrant to purchase 1,018,079
shares (127,260 shares on a post-2024 Reverse Split Basis) of our common stock at a fixed exercise price of $2.35 per share ($18.80 per
share on a post-2024 Reverse Split Basis, and subsequently reset to $0.48).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
January 2023 Convertible Note was sold with an original issue discount of $300,000. As such, the January 2023 Investor paid for
the January 2023 Convertible Note by delivering $4,000,000 in cash consideration to the Company. Boustead served as the sole placement
agent for the private placement (the &#8220;January 2023 Private Placement&#8221;) of the January 2023 Convertible Note and January 2023
Warrant. Boustead received a placement agent fee of $320,000 at the closing of the January 2023 Private Placement, representing 7.0%
of the gross cash proceeds at the closing plus 1% in non-accountable expenses. In addition, Boustead received a placement agent warrant
to purchase 71,266 shares (8,909 shares on a post-2024 Reverse Split basis) of common stock, representing 7.0% of the warrant shares
issued in the January 2023 Private Placement. After deducting the placement agent fee and our estimated expenses associated with the
January 2023 Private Placement, our net cash proceeds at the closing were approximately $3,590,000. As of September 30, 2024, the January
2023 Convertible Note had been paid in full.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>The
January 2023 SPA </U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
January 2023 SPA contains certain representations and warranties, covenants and indemnities customary for similar transactions.
Under the January 2023 SPA, we also agreed to the following additional covenants:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">So
    long as the January 2023 Convertible Note remains outstanding, we will not effect or enter into an agreement to effect any variable
    rate transaction other than a bona fide at-the-market offering or equity line of credit. </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    obtained majority stockholder consent approving the offering and the issuance of common stock upon conversion of the January 2023
    Convertible Note and exercise of the January 2023 Warrant, as is required under the rules of the Nasdaq, and subsequently filed an
    information statement on Schedule 14C (the &#8220;Information Statement&#8221;) informing all stockholders of the action and mailed
    such Information Statement to all stockholders within 70 days of closing.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, we granted the January 2023 Investor participation rights in future equity and equity-linked offerings of securities,
subject to certain limited exceptions, during the two years after the later of (a) the closing or (b) the date the January 2023 Convertible
Note no longer remains outstanding, in an amount of up to 30% of the securities being sold in such offerings. On February 26, 2025,
we entered into an amendment agreement with the Investor pursuant to which, in exchange for our payment of $75,000 to the Investor, the
Investor agreed to waive its participation rights in this Offering, and permanently waive any rights to seek a further investment of
Additional Notes and Additional Warrants (as such term is defined in the May 11, 2023 amendment agreement with the Investor). </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="text-decoration: underline">January
2023 Convertible Note</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>General</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
January 2023 Convertible Note was issued to the January 2023 Investor on January 11, 2023 and matures on March 11, 2025 (subject
to extension in certain circumstances, including bankruptcy and outstanding events of default).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Amortization</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Starting
on the earlier of (x) the date of a registration statement which registers the shares underlying the January 2023 Convertible Note is
declared effective by the SEC and (y) February 28, 2023, then on the first trading day of the month for each month thereafter, and on
the maturity date (each, an &#8220;Installment Date&#8221;), subject to certain exceptions and unless deferred as described below, the
Company is required to make monthly amortization payments equal to 1/26<SUP>th</SUP> of the unrestricted principal (and related unrestricted
original issue discount) and interest of the January 2023 Convertible Note payable (the &#8220;Installment Amount&#8221;), which must
be satisfied in cash at a redemption price equal to 105% of such Installment Amount (each, an &#8220;Installment Redemption&#8221;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the noteholder may, at its sole option, elect to defer any Installment Amount until a subsequent Installment Date selected
by the noteholder, provided that any such deferred amounts shall not continue to accrue interest unless the deferral is at the request
of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Interest</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
January 2023 Convertible Note bears interest at a rate of 5% per annum and, upon any conversion or redemption, shall include a make-whole
of interest from such date of determination through the maturity date. After the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of
Default (as defined in the January 2023 Convertible Note), the January 2023 Convertible Note will accrue interest at the rate of 15%
per annum. See &#8220;<I>Events of Default</I>&#8221; below.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Conversion;
Alternate Conversion upon Event of Default </I></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
January 2023 Convertible Note is convertible, at the option of the noteholder, into shares of our common stock at the lower of (i) $18.80
per share (post Reverse Split), (ii) 90% of the three lowest VWAPs in the 15 trading days prior to the payment date or (iii) 90% of the
VWAP on the trading day prior to the payment date. The conversion price is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection upon any subsequent
transaction at a fixed price lower than the conversion price then in effect and standard adjustments in the event of any stock split,
stock dividend, stock combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction. If we enter into any agreement to issue (or issue)
any variable rate securities, other than a bona fide at-the-market offering or equity line of credit, the noteholder has the additional
right to substitute such variable price (or formula) for the conversion price.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an Event of Default has occurred under the January 2023 Convertible Note, the noteholder may elect to alternatively convert the January
2023 Convertible Note at a redemption premium of 115% of the conversion amount. As of September 30, 2024, the January 2023 Convertible
Note was paid in full.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Subsequent
Placement Optional Redemption and Future Right of Participation</I></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
any time after the earlier of the date a noteholder becomes aware of any placement by us of equity or equity-linked securities or the
date of consummation of such a placement, subject to certain limited exceptions, the noteholder will have the right to have us redeem
a portion of each January 2023 Convertible Note not in excess of 30% of the net proceeds from such placement at a redemption price of
100% of the portion of the January 2023 Convertible Note subject to redemption. In addition, through March 11, 2026, the noteholder has
the right to be notified of any future offering of securities and to participate in up to 30% of the total offering amount. The subsequent
placement option has been terminated as the January 2023 Convertible Note has been satisfied in full and a one-time waiver of the participation
right has been granted for the purpose of this offering. </FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Covenants</I></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are subject to certain customary affirmative and negative covenants regarding the incurrence of certain indebtedness, the existence of
liens, the repayment of indebtedness, the payment of cash in respect of dividends, distributions or redemptions, and the transfer of
assets, among other matters.</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="text-decoration: underline">January
2023 Warrant </FONT></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to the January 2023 Convertible Note, we issued a January 2023 Warrant exercisable for four (4) years for the purchase of an
aggregate of up to 127,260 shares of common stock, at an adjusted exercise price of $0.48 per share. The number of shares
underlying the January 2023 Warrant and exercise price are each subject to adjustment as provided under the terms of the January
2023 Warrant. If, at the time of exercise of the January 2023 Warrant, there is no effective registration statement registering, or no
current prospectus available for, the issuance of the shares underlying the January 2023 to the January 2023 Investor,
and the registration statement is not subject to SEC review and the Company has otherwise affirmatively failed to maintain such registration
statement&#8217;s effectiveness, then the January 2023 Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, by means of a &#8220;cashless
exercise.&#8221; The January 2023 Warrant may not be exercised if, after giving effect to the exercise the January 2023 Investor,
would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the
issuance of the shares underlying the January 2023 Warrant. At the January 2023 Investor&#8217;s option, the ownership
limitation blocker may be raised or lowered to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99%, as applicable, except that any raise will
only be effective upon 61-days&#8217; prior notice to the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the Company issues or sells, or the Company publicly announces the issuance or sale of, any shares of common stock, or convertible securities
or options issuable or exchangeable into common stock (a &#8220;New Issuance&#8221;), under which such common stock is sold for a consideration
per share less than the exercise price then in effect, the exercise price of the January 2023 Warrant will be adjusted to the New Issuance
price in accordance with the formulas provided in the January 2023 Warrant. Any such adjustment will not apply with respect to the issuance
of Excluded Securities (as defined in the January 2023 Warrant). In addition, if the Company enters into a Fundamental Transaction (as
defined in the January 2023 Warrants) at any time that a January 2023 Warrant is outstanding, then, upon any subsequent exercise of the
January 2023 Warrant, the January 2023 Investor will have the right to receive, for each January 2023 Warrant Share that would
have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, the number of shares of common
stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration
receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of common stock for which the January 2023
Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction, provided, further, that if holders of common stock are not
offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holder of common stock will be deemed to have received common
stock of the successor entity (which entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="text-decoration: underline">Registration
Rights Agreement</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to a Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of January 11, 2023, between the January 2023 Investor and the Company, we have granted
certain registration rights to the noteholder and January 2023 Warrant holder. The Registration Rights Agreement requires us to have
a registration statement declared effective by the 60<SUP>th</SUP> day following the date of the Registration Rights Agreement (of March
11, 2023), or the 90<SUP>th </SUP>day (or April 10, 2023) following the date of the Registration Rights Agreement in the event such registration
statement is subject to SEC review. It also grants the January 2023 Investor customary &#8220;piggyback&#8221; registration rights.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Additional
Information</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
foregoing is only a summary of the material terms of the January 2023 SPA, the January 2023 Convertible Note, the January 2023
Warrant, the Registration Rights Agreement, and the other ancillary transaction documents, and does not purport to be a complete description
of the rights and obligations of the parties thereunder.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="text-decoration: underline">October 2024 Convertible Notes and Warrants Offering</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In October 2024, we sold a total of $831,579 of 5%
original issue discount senior secured convertible notes, which notes convert into 732,134 shares of common stock, subject to adjustment,
and warrants to purchase 329,469 shares of common stock exercisable at a variable-weighted average of $1.42 per share. The convertible
notes have a term of one year, are may be converted at any time by the holder and are subject to mandatory conversion at the end of the
one-year holding period in the event the convertible notes are registered. The warrants have a term of five years and contain standard
anti-dilution protections.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="text-decoration: underline">October 2024 Public Offering Warrants</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In conjunction with our October 2024
public offering, we issued pre-funded warrants to purchase 2,555,246 shares of common stock exercisable at $0.001 per share, and
warrants to purchase a total of 2,950,820 shares of common stock exercisable at $1.40 per share. The warrants are exercisable, at the
option of the holder, for a period of five years and are subject to either a 4.99% or 9.99% ownership limitation.
However, any holder may increase or decrease such percentage so long as it does not exceed 9.99%. The pre-funded warrants and
warrants are not transferrable without the consent of the Company and the holders have no voting rights until the warrants are exercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Anti-Takeover
Effects of Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation, our By-laws and Delaware Law</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Some
provisions of Delaware law, our certificate of incorporation and our by-laws contain provisions that could make the following
transactions more difficult: acquisition of us by means of a tender offer; acquisition of us by means of a proxy contest or otherwise;
or removal of our incumbent officers and directors. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish or
could deter transactions that stockholders may otherwise consider to be in their best interest or in our best interests, including transactions
that might result in a premium over the market price for our shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
provisions, summarized below, are expected to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are
also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our Board of Directors. We believe that the
benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with the proponent of a non-friendly or unsolicited proposal to
acquire or restructure us outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging these proposals because negotiation of these proposals could result
in an improvement of their terms.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Delaware
Anti-Takeover Statute</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
general, Delaware corporations are subject to Section 203 of the DGCL, which prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business
combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder,
with the following exceptions:</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">before
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned
    at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction began, excluding for purposes of determining
    the voting stock outstanding (but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder) those shares owned (i) by
    persons who are directors and also officers and (ii) employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to
    determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">on
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    or from a transaction in which a person becomes an interested stockholder</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
general, Section 203 defines business combination to include the following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">subject
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    to the interested stockholder;</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loss, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits by or
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
203 defines interested stockholder as an entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation
or any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by such entity or person.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>By-Laws</B></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recently amended and restated its by-laws (the &ldquo;Third Amended and Restated By-Laws&rdquo;) to lower the quorum
requirement for calling a meeting of stockholders from a majority of shares outstanding to one-third or share outstanding. No other changes
were made when adopting the Third Amended and Restated By-Laws.</FONT> </P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Nasdaq
Listing</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
shares of common stock are traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;SHPH.&#8221; We do not intend to apply for the
listing of the Pre-Funded Warrants on any national securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Transfer
Agent</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
transfer agent and registrar of our common stock is VStock Transfer, LLC, of Woodmere, New York. Our transfer agent&#8217;s telephone
number is (212) 828-8436.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="b_006"></FONT>DESCRIPTION
OF SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are offering, on a firm commitment underwritten basis up to 10,000,000 shares of common stock, or Pre-Funded Warrants in lieu
thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Common
Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
material terms and provisions of our common stock are described under the caption &#8220;Description of Capital Stock&#8221; in this
prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Pre-Funded
Warrants</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following summary of certain terms and provisions of the Pre-Funded Warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject
to and qualified in its entirety by the provisions of the forms of Pre-Funded Warrants which is filed as an exhibit to the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of the form of Pre-Funded
Warrant for a complete description of the terms and conditions of the Pre-Funded Warrants.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
term &#8220;prefunded&#8221; refers to the fact that the purchase price of our common stock in this offering includes almost the entire
exercise price that will be paid under the Pre-Funded Warrants, except for a nominal remaining exercise price of $0.001 per share.
The purpose of the Pre-Funded Warrants is to enable investors that may have restrictions on their ability to beneficially own more
than 4.99% (or, upon election of the holder, 9.99%) of our outstanding shares of common stock following the consummation of this offering
the opportunity to make an investment in the Company without triggering their ownership restrictions, by receiving Pre-Funded Warrants
in lieu of our common stock which would result in such ownership of more than 4.99% (or 9.99%), and receive the ability to exercise their
option to purchase the shares underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants at such nominal price at a later date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Duration
and Exercise Price</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
Pre-Funded Warrant offered hereby will have an initial exercise price of $0.001 per share. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be immediately
exercisable and may be exercised at any time until the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The exercise price and number of shares
of common stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations
or similar events affecting our common stock and the exercise price.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Exercise
Limitation. </I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pre-Funded Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering a duly executed exercise notice
accompanied by payment in full for the number of purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed
below). A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the Pre-Funded Warrant to the extent that the holder
would own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of a purchaser, 9.99%) of the outstanding common stock immediately after exercise, except
that upon at least 61 days&#8217; prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may increase the amount of ownership of outstanding
stock after exercising the holder&#8217;s Pre-Funded Warrants up to 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately
after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrants.
No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Pre-Funded Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares,
we will pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Fundamental
Transaction</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the Pre-Funded Warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization
or reclassification of our common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets,
our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities, the holders
of the Pre-Funded Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash
or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the Pre-Funded Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental
transaction, other than one in which a successor entity that is a publicly traded corporation (whose stock is quoted or listed for trading
on a national securities exchange, including, but not limited to, the New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Global Select
Market, the Nasdaq Global Market or the Nasdaq Capital Market) assumes the Pre-Funded Warrants such that the Pre-Funded Warrants
shall be exercisable for the publicly traded common stock of such successor entity.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Transferability</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subject
to applicable laws, a Pre-Funded Warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the Pre-Funded Warrant to us
together with the appropriate instruments of transfer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Exchange
Listing</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not intend to list the Pre-Funded Warrants on any national securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>No
Rights as a Stockholder</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
as otherwise provided in the Pre-Funded Warrants or by virtue of such holder&#8217;s ownership of, the holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants
do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their Pre-Funded
Warrants.</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="b_007"></FONT>UNDERWRITING</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have entered into an underwriting
agreement with WestPark Capital, Inc., or the Underwriter, with respect to the securities subject to this offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subject
to certain conditions, we have agreed to sell to the Underwriter such securities listed next to their names in the below table at the
public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have agreed to indemnify the Underwriter against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and to
contribute to payments the Underwriter may be required to make in respect thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold">Underwriter</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Number
                                            of</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Shares
                                            of</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Common
                                            Stock</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>WestPark Capital, Inc.</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><P STYLE="margin: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> 10,000,000 </P></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 20%; text-align: right">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</TD>
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  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Subject to the terms and conditions set
forth under the underwriting agreement, the underwriter has agreed to purchase 10,000,000 shares of common stock or Pre-Funded
Warrants offered by this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The underwriter is offering the shares of common
stock, and Pre-Funded Warrants in lieu thereof, subject to various conditions and may reject all or part of any order. The Underwriter
has advised us that they propose initially to offer the shares of common stock to the public at the public offering price set forth on
the cover page of this prospectus and to dealers at a price less a concession not in excess of $[&nbsp;&nbsp;] per share of common stock,
or Pre-Funded Warrant in lieu thereof. After the shares of common stock and Pre-Funded Warrants are released for sale to the public,
the Underwriter may change the offering price, the concession, and other selling terms at various times.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>Discounts and Commissions</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The following table provides information regarding
the amount of the discounts and commissions to be paid to the Underwriter by us, before expenses. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Per Share or per Pre-Funded Warrant</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; text-align: justify">Public offering price</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right"> &nbsp;&nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Underwriting discounts and commissions (4%)</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> &nbsp;&nbsp; </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Proceeds, before expenses, to us</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><P STYLE="margin: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </P></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD><TD>&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><P STYLE="margin: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </P></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&#160;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has agreed to pay
the Underwriter for: (i) reasonable aggregate expense allowance up to $80,000, and (ii) a non-accountable expense allowance equal to one percent (1%) of the gross proceeds received by us from the sale
of the securities in this offering. Prior to the effective date of this prospectus,
we have paid the Underwriter advances of $45,000, including a $25,000 retainer for its legal counsel and a $20,000 retainer for its anticipated
out-of-pocket costs, each of which shall be deducted against legal fees and transaction expenses, respectively. Such advance payments
will be returned to us to the extent such out-of-pocket expenses are not actually incurred in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(4)(A).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">We estimate that our total expenses of the offering,
excluding the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions the fees of Underwriter&rsquo;s legal counsel and the non-accountable
expense allowance, will be approximately $167,471. </P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Right
of First Refusal</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have granted the Underwriter a&#160;right of first&#160;refusal for a period of three months commencing on the closing of the offering
to act as sole advisor, investment bank, book-running manager and/or placement agent, as applicable, at the Underwriter&#8217;s sole
discretion, for each and every public and private equity or debt financing transaction or merger and acquisition transaction by us, a
subsidiary or any successor, on compensation terms customary to the Underwriter. The Underwriter shall have the sole right to determine
whether or not any other broker dealer shall have the right to participate in any such offering and the economic terms of any such participation
and the Underwriter&#8217;s decision to not so act for any one or more of such offerings shall not be deemed a waiver of its continuing
rights under the&#160;right of first&#160;refusal.&#160;The Underwriter&#8217;s right of first refusal set forth in this paragraph shall
be subject to FINRA Rule 5110(g).</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Lock-Up
Agreements</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to certain &#8220;lock-up&#8221; agreements, our executive officers, directors and holders of at least 5% of our common stock and securities
exercisable for or convertible into common stock outstanding immediately upon the closing of this offering, have agreed, subject to certain
exceptions, not to offer, sell, assign, transfer, pledge, contract to sell, or otherwise dispose of or announce the intention to otherwise
dispose of, or enter into any swap, hedge or similar agreement or arrangement that transfers, in whole or in part, the economic risk
of ownership of, directly or indirectly, engage in any short selling of any shares of common stock or securities convertible into or
exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of common stock, whether currently owned or subsequently acquired, without the prior written
consent of the Underwriter, for a period of sixty (60) days after the closing date of the offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Underwriter, in its sole discretion, may release the common stock and other securities subject to the lock-up agreements
described above in whole or in part at any time. When determining whether or not to release common stock and other securities from lock-up
agreements, the Underwriter will consider, among other factors, the holder&#8217;s reasons for requesting the release, the
number of shares of common stock and other securities for which the release is being requested and market conditions at the time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company agrees that, without the prior written consent of the underwriter, it will not, for a period of sixty (60) days after the date
of this prospectus (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract
to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares
of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the
Company; (ii) file or cause to be filed any registration statement with the Commission relating to the offering of any shares of capital
stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company except
for a registration statement on Form S-8 in connection with the registration of shares of Common Stock issuable under any employee equity-based
compensation plan, incentive plan, stock plan, dividend reinvestment plan adopted and approved by the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors;
or (iii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of
ownership of capital stock of the Company, whether any such transaction described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) above is to be settled
by delivery of shares of capital stock of the Company or such other securities, in cash or otherwise.</FONT> </P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Other
Relationships</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> On February 28, 2025, the Company
entered into the Revolving Loan Agreement with the Lender. Pursuant to and under the terms of the Revolving Loan Agreement, the Company
issued to the Lender a Revolving Note in the principal amount of the &ldquo;Maximum Outstanding Amount&rdquo; which the Company may draw
upon at its discretion from time to time (the &ldquo;Financing&rdquo;). The Underwriter served as financial advisor to the Company with
regard to the Financing. As financial advisor, the Underwriter received a fee of $20,000 following the signing of the Revolving Loan
Agreement. As financial advisor, the Underwriter will be entitled to receive a fee of four percent (4%) with regard to each draw down
of the Revolving Note. Out of the Maximum Outstanding Amount, the Lender has not disbursed any loan amounts to date. </P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Underwriter is a full-service financial institution engaged in various activities, which may include sales and trading,
commercial and investment banking, advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, market making,
brokerage and other financial and non-financial activities and services. The Underwriter may in the future provide various
investment banking, commercial banking and other financial services for us and our affiliates for which it may in the future
receive customary fees.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the ordinary course of their various business activities, the Underwriter and certain of its respective affiliates
may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial
instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers, and such investment and securities
activities may involve securities and/or instruments issued by us and our affiliates. If the Underwriter or its respective
affiliates have a lending relationship with us, they routinely hedge their credit exposure to us consistent with their customary risk
management policies. The Underwriter and its respective affiliates may hedge such exposure by entering into transactions
that consist of either the purchase of credit default swaps or the creation of short positions in our securities or the securities of
our affiliates, including potentially the common stock offered hereby. Any such short positions could adversely affect future trading
prices of the common stock offered hereby. The Underwriter and certain of their respective affiliates may also communicate
independent investment recommendations, market color or trading ideas and/or publish or express independent research views in respect
of such securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in
such securities and instruments.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Regulation
M</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Underwriter </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> may be deemed to be an underwriter
within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act, and any commissions received by it and any profit realized on the resale
of the shares sold by it while acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act.
As an underwriter, each Underwriter would be required to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act,
including, without limitation, Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act and Rule 10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These
rules and regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of shares by the Underwriter acting as principal. Under these
rules and regulations, the Underwriter:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
may not engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
may not bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities, other than as permitted
under the Exchange Act, until it has completed its participation in the distribution.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Trading
Market</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;SHPH.&#8221; We do not intend to apply for listing of the
Pre-Funded Warrants on any securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="b_008"></FONT>LEGAL
MATTERS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
validity of the securities offered hereby and certain legal matters in connection with this offering relating to U.S. law will be passed
upon for us by Dorsey &amp; Whitney LLP, New York, NY. The Underwriter is represented by Lucosky Brookman LLP, Woodbridge, NJ, in connection with this offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="b_009"></FONT>EXPERTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
consolidated financial statements of Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) as of and for the years
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 incorporated by reference in this prospectus and in the registration statement of which
this prospectus forms a part, have been so incorporated in reliance on the reports of Forvis Mazars LLP, an independent registered
public accounting firm. Such consolidated financial statements have been incorporated herein in reliance upon such report given
on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing. The report of Forvis Mazars LLP contains an explanatory paragraph
regarding substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><FONT ID="b_011"></FONT>WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
filed with the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act for the securities offered by this prospectus. This prospectus does
not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedule that were filed with the registration
statement. For further information with respect to us and our securities, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits
and schedule that were filed with the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference
into this prospectus about the contents of any contract or any other document that is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement
are not necessarily complete, and we refer you to the full text of the contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration
statement. The SEC maintains an Internet website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other
information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
file periodic reports and current reports under the Exchange Act, including Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q
and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports and other information are available for inspection
and copying at the SEC regional offices, public reference facilities and on the website of the SEC referred to above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
make available free of charge on or through our internet website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current
reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon
as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The registration statement and
the documents referred to below under &ldquo;Incorporation of Documents By Reference&rdquo; are also available on our website, www.shuttlepharma.com.
 The information found on our website, https://shuttlepharma.com, other than as specifically included in this prospectus, is not
part of this prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><A NAME="bs_001"></A>INCORPORATION
OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE</B></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
prospectus is part of the registration statement but the registration statement includes and incorporates by reference additional information
and exhibits. The SEC permits us to &ldquo;incorporate by reference&rdquo; the information contained in documents we file with the SEC,
which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents rather than by including them in this
prospectus. Information that is incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus and you should read it with the
same care that you read this prospectus and any subsequent prospectus supplement. Information that we file later with the SEC will automatically
update and supersede the information that is either contained, or incorporated by reference, in this prospectus, and will be considered
to be a part of this prospectus from the date those documents are filed.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
incorporate by reference the documents listed below, all filings filed by us pursuant to the Exchange Act after the date of the registration
statement of which this prospectus forms a part, and any future filings we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d)
of the Exchange Act prior to the time that all securities covered by this prospectus have been sold; provided, however, that we are not
incorporating any information furnished under either Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K and exhibits furnished
on such form that relate to such items:</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT> </TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315225008300/form10-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form 10-K</A> for the fiscal
year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2025;</FONT> </TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT> </TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company&rsquo;s Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with
the SEC on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315225001132/form8-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">January
7, 2025</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315225002945/form8-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">January
21, 2025</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315225003985/form8-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">January
28, 2025</A><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">,</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315225008306/form8-k.htm">February 26, 2025</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315225008462/form8-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">February 27, 2025</A> and
<A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315225008742/form8-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">February 28, 2025</A></FONT>; and</FONT> </TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT> </TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The description of the Company&rsquo;s common stock contained
in the registration statement on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222024265/form8a12b.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
8-A</A> filed with the SEC on August 29, 2022 pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act, including any amendment or report filed for
the purpose of updating that description.</FONT> </TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will provide to each person, including any beneficial holder, to whom a prospectus is delivered, at no cost, upon written or oral request,
a copy of any or all of the information that has been incorporated by reference in the prospectus but not delivered with the prospectus.
Requests for documents should be by writing to or telephoning us at the following address: 401 Professional Drive, Suite 260, Gaithersburg,
MD 20879, (240) 430-4212. Exhibits to these filings will not be sent unless those exhibits have been specifically incorporated by reference
in such filings.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">You
also may access these filings on our website at www.shuttlepharma.com. We do not incorporate the information on our website into this
prospectus or any supplement to this prospectus and you should not consider any information on, or that can be accessed through, our
website as part of this prospectus or any supplement to this prospectus (other than those filings with the SEC that we specifically incorporate
by reference into this prospectus or any supplement to this prospectus).</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus will be deemed modified,
superseded or replaced for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus modifies, supersedes
or replaces such statement. Any statement contained herein or in any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference
shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part to the
extent that a statement contained in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference
modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed to constitute a part of the registration
statement of which this prospectus forms a part, except as so modified or superseded.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Up
to 10,000,000 Shares of Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Up
to 10,000,000 Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase up to</B></FONT><B> 10,000,000 <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares
of Common Stock</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Up to 10,000,000 Shares of Common Stock
Underlying such Pre-Funded Warrants</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SHUTTLE
PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><IMG SRC="forms-1_001.jpg" ALT=""></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>WestPark
Capital, Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">PROSPECTUS</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">__,
2025</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PART
II</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>INFORMATION
NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM
    13.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>OTHER
                                            EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION</B></FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table sets forth the estimated costs and expenses payable by the registrant expected to be incurred in connection with the
sale and distribution of the securities being registered hereby (other than the Underwriter discount of four percent (4%) and
one percent (1%) non-accountable expense allowance). All of such costs and expenses are estimates, except for the SEC registration
fee and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (&#8220;FINRA&#8221;) filing fee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 80%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SEC Filing Fees</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 16%; text-align: right"><P STYLE="margin: 0"> 996 </P><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">FINRA Expenses</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><P STYLE="margin: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> 1,475 </P></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accounting Fees and Expenses</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40,000</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal Fees and Expenses</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> 130,000 </FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Transfer Agent Fees</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"> - </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial Printing Fees</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><P STYLE="margin: 0"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</FONT> </P><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Miscellaneous
    Fees and Expenses</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">120,000</FONT> </TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"> 292,471 </P></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
amounts are estimates other than the SEC and FINRA filing fees.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM
    14.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>INDEMNIFICATION
    OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended, authorizes us to indemnify any director or officer under certain prescribed
circumstances and subject to certain limitations against certain costs and expenses, including attorney&#8217;s fees actually and reasonably
incurred in connection with any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, to which a person
is party by reason of being one of our directors or officers if it is determined that such person acted in accordance with the applicable
standard of conduct set forth in such statutory provisions. Our certificate of incorporation contains provisions relating to the indemnification
of directors and officers and our by-laws extend such indemnities to the full extent permitted by Delaware law. We currently maintain
insurance for the benefit of any director or officer which cover claims for which we could not indemnify such persons.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us
pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against
public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM
    15.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RECENT
    SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES </B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><BR>
During the past three years, we effected the following transactions in reliance upon exemptions from registration under the Securities
Act:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
February 8, 2022 and March 11, 2022, the Company sold to certain accredited investors $365,000 and $225,000, respectively, in 6% convertible
notes (the &#8220;Notes&#8221;), which bore 6% interest, were repayable three years from the date of issuance, and converted automatically
into shares of common stock or, in the event that units were sold in the offering, units, at a conversion price of $4.00 per unit upon
closing of our IPO ($32.00 per unit on a post-reverse split basis). Such notes were sold to accredited investors pursuant to an exemption
from registration under Rule 506(b) of the Securities Act. Boustead Securities LLC acted as placement agent and received compensation
of (i) $36,500 in cash and warrants to purchase 10% of the total number of shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes,
exercisable at the conversion price of the Convertible Notes for the February offering and (ii) $22,750 in cash and warrants to purchase
10% of the total number of shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, exercisable at the conversion price of the Convertible
Notes for the March offering. Such issuance was made in accordance with an exemption from registration pursuant to Rule 506(b) of
the Securities Act. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
                                            March 30, 2022, the Company issued a total of 839 shares (105 shares on a post-reverse
                                            split basis) of common stock (the &#8220;Issuance&#8221;) to some 23 existing shareholders
                                            in satisfaction of certain interest that had accrued as the result of an inaccurate conversion
                                            of convertible notes in our 2018 share exchange. The Issuance satisfied in full all interest
                                            owed or otherwise accruing as the result of the inaccurate conversion. Such issuance was
                                            made in accordance with an exemption from registration pursuant to Rule 506(b) of
                                            the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
January 11, 2023, we entered into a stock purchase agreement (the &ldquo;SPA&rdquo;) with the Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC &ndash;
Segregated Master Portfolio B, a Cayman entity (the &ldquo;Investor&rdquo;), pursuant to which the Company sold to the Investor a $4.3
million convertible note (the &ldquo;Convertible Note&rdquo;) and warrant (the &ldquo;Warrant&rdquo;) to purchase 127,260 shares of common
stock of the Company, in exchange for gross proceeds of $4.0 million investment amount. The Convertible Note amortizes on a monthly basis
and the Company can make such monthly amortization payments in cash or, subject to certain equity conditions, in registered shares of
common stock or a combination thereof. For equity repayment, the Convertible Note is convertible into shares of common stock at price
per share equal to the lower of (i) $18.80, (ii) 90% of the three lowest daily VWAPs of the 15 trading days prior to the payment date or
(iii) 90% of the VWAP of the trading day prior to payment date. The Convertible Note is repayable over 26 months and bears interest at
the rate of 5% per annum. The Warrant is exercisable for four years from the date of closing and is exercisable at $0.48 per share. In
the event the Investor exercises the Warrant in full, such exercise would result in additional gross proceeds to the Company of approximately
$0.1 million. The Convertible Note and Warrants were issued in reliance on an exemption from registration pursuant to Rule 506(b) of the Securities Act.</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 1, 2022, in conjunction with entering into three loan agreements for a total of $125,000, which were repayable following consummation
of our IPO, we issued warrants to purchase a total of 50,000 shares of our common stock, exercisable at $2.50 per share (6,250 shares
at $20.00 per share on a post -reverse split basis) Such warrants were sold to three accredited investors pursuant to an exemption from
registration under Rule 506(b) of the Securities Act. Boustead Securities LLC acted as placement agent and received warrants to purchase
5,000 shares of common stock exercisable at $2.50 per share (625 shares at $20.00 per share on a post -reverse split basis), equal to
10% of the value of the note offering, and $12,500 in cash compensation. Such issuance was made in accordance with an exemption from
registration pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. </FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">In October 2024,
the Company completed two closing in an up to $1.3 million 5% original issue discount (&#8220;OID&#8221;) senior secured convertible
note warrant offering, pursuant to which the Company issued a total of $831,579 notes and warrants to purchase 329,964 shares of common
stock, exercisable at a weighted-average price of $1.42 per share. The notes bear interest at the rate of 14.5% per annum, with the interest
payable quarterly in cash, mature one year after the date of issuance, are redeemable at any time by the Company at a 107% premium to
the principal value of the notes and, three months after issuance, can be converted at any time by the holder at a 110% premium to the
principal value of the note. Of the above investment amount, the Company&#8217;s CEO purchased $250,000 of notes and warrants in the
October 2024 Bridge Offering. Such issuance was made in reliance on an exemption from registration pursuant to Rule 506(b) of the
Securities Act. </P>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM
    16.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EXHIBITS
    </B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit
    No.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.1*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ex1-1.htm">Form of Underwriting Agreement</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1
    </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amended
    and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File
    No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex3-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Certificate
    of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, effective March 30, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
    3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex3-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amended
    and Restated Certificate of Designation for Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, effective April 6, 2022 (incorporated by reference
    to Exhibit 3.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222017616/ex3-5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Certificate
    of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, effective June 22, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
    3.5 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 23, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.5</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224030491/ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Certificate
    of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, effective August 13, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
    3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 7, 2024).</A> </FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.6*</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ex3-6.htm">Third
    Amended and Restated By-Laws. </A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Convertible Note, dated February 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File
    No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222023497/ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of 10% Promissory Note, dated August 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File
    No. 333-265429) filed on August 18, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222023497/ex4-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Warrant, dated August 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-265429)
    filed on August 18, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222023497/ex4-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Public Offering Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-265429)
    filed on August 18, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222017616/ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Underwriting Warrant issuable to Boustead Securities LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-265429) filed on August 18, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224041443/ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Common Warrants (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2024).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4.7</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224043249/ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Common Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 31, 2024).</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4.8</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224043249/ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Pre-Funded Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 31, 2024).</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.9*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ex4-9.htm">Form of Pre-Funded Warrants</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.1*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><A HREF="ex5-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Opinion of Dorsey &amp; Whitney LLP</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Subscription Agreement for Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration
    Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2
    </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">2018
    Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429)
    filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Employment
    Agreement, dated July 30, 2014, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Tyvin Rich (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
    10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.4
    </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222017616/ex10-5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">SBIR
    Contract #HHSN261201400013C, dated September 19, 2014, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, LLC and National Institute of Health National
    Cancer Institute (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed
    on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222017616/ex10-6.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">SBIR
    Contract #HHSN261201400013C Amendment of Solicitation/Modification of Contract, dated August 3, 2015, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals,
    LLC and National Institute of Health National Cancer Institute (Radiosensitizer Option Phase II) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
    10.6 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222017616/ex10-7.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">SBIR
    Contract #HHSN261201600027C, dated September 19, 2016, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, LLC and National Institute of Health National
    Cancer Institute (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed
    on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222017616/ex10-8.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">SBIR
    Contract #HHSN261600038C dated September 19, 2016 between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, LLC. and National Institute of Health National
    Cancer Institute (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed
    on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222017616/ex10-9.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Material
    Transfer Agreement, dated April 25, 2017, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and George Washington University (incorporated by
    reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.9</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-10.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Employment
    Agreement, dated May 30, 2019, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Peter Dritschilo (incorporated by reference to
    Exhibit 10.10 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-11.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Employment
    Agreement, dated May 30, 2019, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Mira Jung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
    10.11 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222017616/ex10-12.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Employment
    Agreement, dated June 28, 2019, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Anatoly Dritschilo (incorporated by reference
    to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-13.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amended
    and Restated Employment Agreement, dated September 1, 2019, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Michael Vander Hoek
    (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-14.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Letter Agreement with Director (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
    333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.14
    </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222017616/ex10-15.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Subaward
    Agreement dated October 28, 2014 between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, LLC and LifeSpan/Rhode Island Hospital (incorporated by reference
    to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.15</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222017616/ex10-16.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Sublicense
    Agreement, dated February 15, 2019, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Propagenix, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
    10.16 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.16</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222017616/ex10-17.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">SBIR
    Contract #HHSN261201800016C/75N91018C00016 Agreement between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, LLC and National Institute of Health National
    Cancer Institute (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed
    on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.17</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-18.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Promissory
    Note, dated as of August 24, 2019, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Anatoly Dritschilo (incorporated by reference
    to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.18</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-19.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">SBIR
    Phase II Contract #75N9101C00031, dated September 6, 2019, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and National Institute of Health
    National Cancer Institute (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429)
    filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.19</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-20.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Director
    Offer Letter, dated December 2, 2020, between Chris H. Senanayake and Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference
    to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.20</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-21.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Promissory
    Note, dated December 1, 2020, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Joy Dritschilo (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
    10.21 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.21</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-22.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Promissory
    Note, dated December 1, 2020, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Anatoly Dritschilo (incorporated by reference to
    Exhibit 10.22 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.22
    </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-23.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Non-Disclosure,
    Evaluation and Option Agreement, dated May 30, 2019, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and University of Virginia Licensing &amp;
    Ventures Group (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed
    on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.23
    </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-24.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">First
    Amendment to Non-Disclosure, Evaluation and Option Agreement, dated November 30, 2019, between Shuttle Pharmaceutical, Inc. and University
    of Virginia Licensing &amp; Ventures Group (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1
    (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.24</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-25.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Note and Warrant Subscription Agreement, dated December 28, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Registration
    Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.25</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-26.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Note, dated December 28, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
    333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.26</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-27.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated December 28, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Registration Statement
    on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.27</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-28.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Consulting
    Agreement, dated January 1, 2022, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Steven Bayern (incorporated by reference to
    Exhibit 10.28 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.28</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-29.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amendment
    to Promissory Note, dated January 25, 2022, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Joy Dritschilo (incorporated by reference
    to Exhibit 10.29 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.29</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-30.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amendment
    to Promissory Note, dated January 25, 2022, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Anatoly Dritschilo (incorporated by
    reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.30</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-31.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Convertible Note Subscription Agreement and Investor Rights Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the Registration
    Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429) filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.31</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222023497/ex10-32.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amendment
    No. 1 to Promissory Note, dated July 29, 2022, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Joy Dritschilo (incorporated by
    reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-265429) filed on August 18, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.32</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222023497/ex10-33.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amendment
    No. 2 to Promissory Note, dated July 29, 2022, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals holdings, Inc. and Joy Dritschilo (incorporated by
    reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-265429) filed on August 18, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.33</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222023497/ex10-34.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amendment
    No. 2 to Promissory Note, dated July 29, 2022, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, inc. and Anatoly Dritschilo (incorporated
    by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-265429) filed on August 18, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.34</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222026195/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Manufacturing
    Agreement, dated September 14, 2022, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and TCG GreenChem, Inc. (incorporated by reference to
    Exhibit 10.1 to the Current report on Form 8-K filed September 19, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.35</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223001308/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 11, 2023, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and the investors named
    therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 12, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.36</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223001308/ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Note, dated January 11, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on form 8-K filed January 12, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.37</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223001308/ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Warrant, dated January 11, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on form 8-K filed January 12,
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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.38</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223001308/ex10-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Security Agreement, dated January 11, 2023, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and
    Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC &#8211; Segregated Portfolio B (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report
    on form 8-K filed January 12, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#160;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.39</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223001308/ex10-5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Intellectual Property Security Agreement, dated January 11, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Current Report
    on form 8-K filed January 12, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.40</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223001308/ex10-6.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Subsidiary Guaranty (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Current Report on form 8-K filed January 12, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.41</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223001308/ex10-7.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Registration Rights Agreement, dated January 11, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Current Report on form
    8-K filed January 12, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.42</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223005722/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Director Offer Letter (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 22, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.43</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223007073/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Proposal
    for Service Agreement, dated March 7, 2023, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and University of Iowa Pharmaceuticals (incorporated
    by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 9, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.44</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223007686/ex10-44.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amended
    and Restated Insider Trading Policy, effective March 10, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 to the Annual Report on
    Form 10-K filed March 15, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.45</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223007686/ex10-45.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Executive Compensation Clawback Policy, effective March 10, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to the Annual Report
    on Form 10-K filed March 15, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.46</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223007686/ex10-46.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Letter
    Agreement, dated March 11, 2023, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC &#8211; Segregated
    Portfolio B, as Collateral Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.46 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 15, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.47</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223008489/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Research
    Agreement, dated March 16, 2023, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Georgetown University (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
    10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 22, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.48</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223008489/ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Material
    Transfer Agreement, dated March 21, 2023, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Georgetown University (incorporated by reference
    to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 22, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.49</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223016290/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amendment
    Agreement, dated May 10, 2023, by and between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Alto Opportunity
    Master Fund, SPC &#8211; Segregated Master Portfolio B. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form
    8-K filed on May 11, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.50</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223020084/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amendment
    No. 1 to the Amendment Agreement, dated June 4, 2023, by and between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., Shuttle Pharmaceuticals,
    Inc. and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC &#8211; Segregated Master Portfolio B. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
    Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 5, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.51</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223036358/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Consulting
    Agreement, dated October 1, 2023, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Joseph Armstrong (incorporated by reference
    to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 5, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.52</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315223038736/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">License
    Agreement, dated October 24, 2023, by and between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Georgetown University (incorporated
    by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 30, 2023).</A></FONT></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.53</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224004927/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Asset
    Purchase Agreement, dated January 30, 2024, by and between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., Alan Kozikowski and Werner Tueckmantel
    (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 5, 2024).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.54</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224005970/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Securities
    Purchase Agreement, dated February 7, 2024, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., Shuttle Diagnostics, Inc. and SRO LLC
    (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 13, 2024).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.55</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224005970/ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Placement
    Agent and Advisory Services Agreement, dated February 7, 2024, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Boustead Securities,
    LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 13, 2024).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.56</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224005970/ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Offering
    Deposit Account Agency Agreement, dated February 7, 2024, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., Boustead Securities, LLC
    and Sutter Securities Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 10-K filed on February 13, 2024).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.57</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224024224/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Employment
    Agreement, dated June 13, 2024, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Timothy J. Lorber (incorporated by reference to
    Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 18, 2024).</A></FONT></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.58</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224030491/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amendment
    Agreement, dated August 6, 2024, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Alto Opportunity
    Master Fund, SPC &#8211; Segregated Master Portfolio B (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K
    filed on August 7, 2024).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.59+</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224032218/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Work
    Order, dated August 8, 2024, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Theradex Systems, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
    10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 14, 2024).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.60</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224032218/form8-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Master Services Agreement, dated November 1, 2018, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Theradex Systems Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report filed on August 14, 2024).</A> </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.61</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224035667/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Promissory Note, dated September 4, 2024, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Anatoly Dritschilo (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 10, 2024).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.62</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224041443/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2024).</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">10.63</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224041443/ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Senior Secured Convertible Notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2024).</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.64</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224043249/ex1-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Placement Agency Agreement, dated as of October 29, 2024, by and among Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners and Boustead Securities, LLC, as placement agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 31, 2024).</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">10.65</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224050700/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Sponsored Research Agreement, dated December 16, 2024, by and among Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., the Regents of the University of California and Dr. Robert Favell (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 19, 2024).</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.66</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315225003985/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Change Order, dated January 23, 2025, between Shuttle Pharmaceutials, Inc. and Theradex Systems, Inc. (incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 2025).</FONT> </A></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.67</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315225008462/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendment Agreement, dated February 26, 2025, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC &ndash; Segregated Master Portfolio B (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 27, 2025).</FONT> </A></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> 10.68 </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315225008742/ex10-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> Revolving Loan Agreement, dated February 28, 2025, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Bowery Consulting Group Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 28, 2025). </A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> 10.69 </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> &nbsp; </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315225008742/ex10-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"> Revolving Note, dated February 28, 2025, between Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and Bowery Consulting Group Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 28, 2025). </A></P>
</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14.1
    </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315222015884/ex10-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Code
    of Business Conduct and Ethics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-265429)
    filed on June 3, 2022).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315224010822/ex21.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">List
    of Subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 21, 2024).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.1*</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ex23-1.htm">Consent of Forvis Mazars, LLP</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.2*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><A HREF="ex5-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent of Dorsey &amp; Whitney LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#y_001">Power of Attorney (included in the signature page to this registration statement).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">107&loz;</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1757499/000149315225006202/ex107.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Filing Fee Table</A></FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; background-color: white"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*Filed
herewith</FONT> </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#9674;Previously filed</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">+Certain
portions of this exhibit have been redacted in accordance with Item 601(b)(10)(iv) because such information (i) is deemed not material
and (ii) is of the type of information that the Company normally treats as private or confidential.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;</FONT></P>

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To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective
amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in this registration
statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities
offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high and of the estimated maximum offering range
may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume
and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &#8220;Calculation of Registration
Fee&#8221; table in the effective registration statement; and</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)
To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in this registration statement
or any material change to such information in this registration statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

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That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed
to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time to be
deemed the initial bona fide offering thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the
termination of the offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)
That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule
424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other
than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the
date it is first used after effectiveness. <I>Provided, however,</I> that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus
that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration
statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such
first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration
statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling
persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of
the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred
or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is
asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless
in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the
question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication
of such issue.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SIGNATURES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that
it meets all of the requirements for filing this registration statement on Form S-1 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, in
Gaithersburg, Maryland, on March 4, 2025. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></P>

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    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SHUTTLE
    PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.</B></FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    Anatoly Dritschilo, M.D.</I></FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Anatoly
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</FONT></TD>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT ID="y_001"></FONT><B>POWER OF ATTORNEY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">,
</FONT></B><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">that each person whose signature appears below constitutes
and appoints Anatoly Dritschilo, M.D. and Timothy Lorber, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent,
with full power of substitution and re- substitution, for each of them and in each name, place and stead, in any and all capacities,
to sign any and all pre- or post-effective amendments to this registration statement, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto,
and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent,
full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in and about the premises,
as fully to all intents and purposes as each might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact
and agent or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. In accordance with the requirements of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement was signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates stated.</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"> March 4, 2025</TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
1.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SHUTTLE
PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>FORM
OF</B></FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B> UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March
[*], 2025</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">WestPark
Capital, Inc.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1800
Century Park East, Suite 220</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Los
Angeles, CA 90067 </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>As
Representative of the</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Several
underwriters, if any, named in <U>Schedule I</U> hereto</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ladies
and Gentlemen:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned, <B>SHUTTLE PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.</B>, a corporation formed under the laws of the State of Delaware (the &ldquo;<B>Company</B>&rdquo;),
hereby confirms its agreement (this &ldquo;<B>Agreement</B>&rdquo;) with the several underwriters (such underwriters, including the Representative
(as defined below), the &ldquo;<B>Underwriters</B>&rdquo; and each an &ldquo;<B>Underwriter</B>&rdquo;) named in <U>Schedule I</U> hereto,
for which WestPark Capital, Inc. (&ldquo;<B>WestPark</B>&rdquo;) is acting as a representative to the several Underwriters (in such capacity,
the &ldquo;<B>Representative</B>&rdquo;), on the terms and conditions set forth herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.
<U>Purchase and Sale of Securities</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.1.
<U>Securities</U><I>.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.1.1.
<U>Nature and Purchase of Securities</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
The Company agrees to issue and sell to the several Underwriters, an aggregate of [*] shares (&ldquo;<B>Shares</B>&rdquo;) of the Company&rsquo;s
common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the &ldquo;<B>Common Stock</B>&rdquo;) and/or pre-funded warrants (&ldquo;<B>Pre-Funded Warrants</B>&rdquo;)
to purchase one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.001 per share until such time as the Pre-Funded Warrant is exercised
in full and subject to adjustment as set forth therein. The aforesaid [*] shares of Shares and/or Pre-Funded Warrants in lieu thereof
are herein called, collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Securities</B>.&rdquo; The offering and sale of the Securities is hereinafter referred
to as the &ldquo;<B>Offering</B>.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)
Each Underwriter, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements set forth herein and subject to the conditions set forth
herein, agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase at a price per Security of $[*] (96% of the per Security public offering price
set forth on the cover page of the Prospectus (as defined in Section 2.1.1 hereof)) from the Company the respective number of Securities
set forth opposite such Underwriter&rsquo;s name in <U>Schedule I</U> hereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.1.2.
<U>Securities Payment and Delivery</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
Delivery and payment for the Securities shall be made at the offices of Lucosky Brookman LLP (&ldquo;<B>LB</B>&rdquo;), or at such other
place as shall be agreed upon by the Representative and the Company, at 10:00 A.M. (New York City time) on the first (second, if the
pricing occurs after 4:30 P.M. (New York City time) on any given day) business day after the date hereof or at such earlier time as shall
be agreed upon by the Representative and the Company, or at such other place (or remotely by facsimile or other electronic transmission)
as shall be agreed upon by the Representative and the Company. The hour and date of delivery and payment for the Securities is called
the &ldquo;<B>Closing Date</B>.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)
Payment for the Securities shall be made on the Closing Date by wire transfer in Federal (same day) funds, payable to the order of the
Company upon delivery of certificates or electronic book entry receipts (in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters) representing
the Securities (or through the facilities of the Depository Trust Company (&ldquo;<B>DTC</B>&rdquo;)) for the account of the Underwriters.
The Securities shall be registered in such name or names and in such authorized denominations as the Representative may request in writing
at least two (2) Business Days prior to the Closing Date. The Company shall not be obligated to sell or deliver the Securities except
upon tender of payment by the Representative for all of the Securities. The term &ldquo;<B>Business Day</B>&rdquo; means any day other
than a Saturday, a Sunday or a legal holiday or a day on which banking institutions are authorized or obligated by law to close in New
York, New York.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.
<U>Representations and Warranties of the Company</U>. The Company represents and warrants to the Underwriters as of the Applicable Time
(as defined below), as of the Closing Date, as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.1
<U>Filing of Registration Statement</U><I>.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.1.1.
<U>Pursuant to the Securities Act</U>. The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B>Commission</B>&rdquo;)
a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333- 284889), including the related preliminary prospectus or prospectuses, covering the
registration of the sale of the Securities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Securities Act</B>&rdquo;). Promptly
after execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company will prepare and file a prospectus in accordance with the provisions of Rule
430A (&ldquo;<B>Rule 430A</B>&rdquo;) of the rules and regulations of the Commission under the Securities Act (the &ldquo;<B>Securities
Act Regulations</B>&rdquo;) and Rule 424(b) (&ldquo;<B>Rule 424(b)</B>&rdquo;) of the Securities Act Regulations. The information included
in such prospectus that was omitted from such registration statement at the time it became effective but that is deemed to be part of
such registration statement at the time it became effective pursuant to Rule 430A(b) is herein called the &ldquo;<B>Rule 430A Information</B>.&rdquo;
Such registration statement, including the amendments thereto, the exhibits thereto and any schedules thereto, at the time it became
effective, and including the Rule 430A Information, is herein called the &ldquo;<B>Registration Statement</B>.&rdquo; Any registration
statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act Regulations is herein called the &ldquo;<B>Rule 462(b) Registration Statement</B>&rdquo;
and, after such filing, the term &ldquo;<B>Registration Statement</B>&rdquo; shall include the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
prospectus used prior to the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, and each prospectus that omitted the Rule 430A Information
that was used after such effectiveness and prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, is herein called a &ldquo;<B>Preliminary
Prospectus</B>.&rdquo; The Preliminary Prospectus, subject to completion, dated March [*], 2025, that was included in the Registration
Statement immediately prior to the Applicable Time is hereinafter called the &ldquo;<B>Pricing Prospectus</B>.&rdquo; The final prospectus,
in the form first furnished to the Underwriters for use (or made available upon request of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the
Securities Act Regulations) in connection with confirmation of sales of the Securities, is herein called the &ldquo;<B>Prospectus</B>.&rdquo;
For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or any amendment
or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering,
Analysis and Retrieval system or any successor system (&ldquo;<B>EDGAR</B>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;Applicable
Time&rdquo; means 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the date of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;Pricing
Disclosure Package&rdquo; means the Pricing Prospectus and the information included in <U>Schedule II-A</U> hereto, all considered together.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2
<U>No Stop Orders, etc</U>. Neither the Commission nor, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any state regulatory authority has issued any
order preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus or has instituted
or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened to institute, any proceedings with respect to such an order. The Company has complied
with each request (if any) from the Commission for additional information. (As used herein, &ldquo;<B>knowledge of the Company or the
Company&rsquo;s knowledge</B>&rdquo; or any other similar knowledge qualification, means the actual or constructive knowledge of any
director or officer of the Company, after due inquiry.)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.3
<U>Disclosures in Registration Statement</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.3.1.
<U>Compliance with Securities Act and 10b-5 Representation</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
<U>Preliminary Prospectus</U>. No order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus has been issued by the Commission,
and each Preliminary Prospectus included in the Pricing Disclosure Package, at the time of filing thereof, complied in all material respects
with the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations, and no Preliminary Prospectus included in the Pricing Disclosure Package,
at the time of filing thereof, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order
to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company
makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information
relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representative expressly for use in any
Preliminary Prospectus, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists solely of
the following disclosure contained in the &ldquo;Underwriting&rdquo; section of the Prospectus: the information under the subsection
&ldquo;Other Relationships&rdquo; (such information, the &ldquo;<B>Underwriter Information</B>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)
<U>Pricing Disclosure Package</U>. The Pricing Disclosure Package as of the Applicable Time did not, and as of the Closing Date, will
not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein,
in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation or warranty
with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished
to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representative expressly for use in such Pricing Disclosure Package, it being
understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the Underwriter Information. No statement
of material fact included in the Prospectus has been omitted from the Pricing Disclosure Package and no statement of material fact included
in the Pricing Disclosure Package that is required to be included in the Prospectus has been omitted therefrom.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)
<U>Registration Statement and Prospectus</U>. The Registration Statement has been declared effective by the Commission. No order suspending
the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been issued by the Commission, and no proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to
Section 8A of the Securities Act against the Company or related to the Offering has been initiated or, to the knowledge of the Company,
threatened by the Commission; as of the applicable effective date of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto,
the Registration Statement and any such post-effective amendment complied and as of the Closing Date will comply in all material respects
with the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations, and did not, as of the applicable effective date, and will not, as of the
Closing Date, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary
in order to make the statements therein not misleading; and as of the date of the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto
and as of the Closing Date, as the case may be, the Prospectus (including the Prospectus as amended and supplemented, as applicable)
complied and will comply in all material respects with the applicable provisions of the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations
and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements
therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation
or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter
furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representative expressly for use in the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any
Underwriter consists of the Underwriter Information.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.3.2.
<U>Disclosure of Agreements</U>. The agreements and documents described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package
and the Prospectus conform in all material respects to the descriptions thereof contained or incorporated by reference therein and there
are no agreements or other documents required by the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations to be described in the Registration
Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or to be filed with the Commission as exhibits to the Registration Statement
or to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, that have not been
so described or filed or incorporated by reference. Each agreement or other instrument (however characterized or described) to which
the Company or any Subsidiary (as defined below) is a party or by which it is or may be bound or affected and (i) that is referred to
or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, or (ii) is material to
the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s business, has been duly authorized and validly executed by the Company, is in full force
and effect in all material respects and is enforceable against the Company and, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the other parties thereto,
in accordance with its terms, except (x) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws
affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally, (y) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under
the federal and state securities laws, and (z) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief
may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought. None
of such agreements or instruments has been assigned by the Company or any Subsidiary, and none of the Company, any Subsidiary nor, to
the best of the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any other party is in default thereunder and, to the best of the Company&rsquo;s knowledge,
no event has occurred that, with the lapse of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder. To the best
of the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, performance by the Company or any Subsidiary of the material provisions of such agreements or instruments
will not result in a violation of any existing applicable law, rule, regulation, ordinance, judgment, order or decree of any governmental
or regulatory agency, body, authority or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any Subsidiary or any of
its assets or businesses (each, a &ldquo;<B>Governmental Entity</B>&rdquo;), including, without limitation, those relating to environmental
laws and regulations.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.3.3.
<U>Prior Securities Transactions</U>. No securities of the Company have been sold by the Company or by or on behalf of, or for the benefit
of, any Person(s) (as defined below) controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Company, except as disclosed in the
Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Preliminary Prospectus. &ldquo;<B>Person</B>&rdquo; means an individual
or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock
company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.3.4.
<U>Regulations</U>. The disclosures in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus concerning the effects
of federal, state, local and all foreign regulation on the Offering and the Company&rsquo;s business as currently contemplated are correct
in all material respects and no other such regulations are required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure
Package and the Prospectus which are not so disclosed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.3.5.
<U>No Other Distribution of Offering Materials</U>. The Company has not, directly or indirectly, distributed and will not distribute
any offering material in connection with the Offering other than any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Prospectus
and other materials, if any, permitted under the Securities Act and consistent with Section 3.2 below.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.4
<U>Commission Reporting Status</U>. Since January 1, 2025, the Company has made all filings with the Commission required under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Exchange Act</B>&rdquo;) and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated
thereunder (the &ldquo;<B>Exchange Act Regulations</B>&rdquo;). None of the Company&rsquo;s filings with the Commission contained any
untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light
of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. As of the time of filing of the Registration Statement, the Company
was a &ldquo;smaller reporting company,&rdquo; as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act Regulations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.5
<U>Incorporated Documents</U>. The documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package
and the Prospectus, when they were filed with the Commission conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act
and the Exchange Act Regulations, and none of such documents contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a
material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.6
<U>Independent Accountants</U>. To the knowledge of the Company, Forvis Mazars LLP (the &ldquo;<B>Auditor</B>&rdquo;), whose report is
filed with the Commission as part of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, is an independent
registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations and the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board. During the periods covered by the financial statements included in the Registration Statement, all auditing services
and non-audit services provided to the Company by the Auditor were preapproved by the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors as and to the
extent required by Section 10A(g) - (i) of the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.7
<U>Financial Statements, etc</U>. The consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto and supporting schedules included
or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, fairly present the financial
position and the results of operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of the dates and for the periods to which they apply; and
such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (&ldquo;<B>GAAP</B>&rdquo;),
consistently applied throughout the periods involved (provided that unaudited interim financial statements are subject to year-end audit
adjustments that are not expected to be material in the aggregate and do not contain all footnotes required by GAAP); and the supporting
schedules included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement present fairly the information required to be stated therein.
Except as included or incorporated by reference therein, no historical or pro forma financial statements are required to be included
or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus under the Securities Act
or the Securities Act Regulations. The as adjusted financial information and the related notes, if any, included or incorporated by reference
in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus have been properly compiled and prepared in accordance
with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act, the Securities Act Regulations, the Exchange Act or the Exchange Act Regulations
and present fairly the information shown therein, and the assumptions used in the preparation thereof are reasonable and the adjustments
used therein are appropriate to give effect to the transactions and circumstances referred to therein. All disclosures contained in the
Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, or incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference therein,
regarding &ldquo;non-GAAP financial measures&rdquo; (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission), if any,
comply with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act, to the extent applicable. Each of the
Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus discloses all material off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements,
obligations (including contingent obligations), and other relationships of the Company and its Subsidiaries with unconsolidated entities
or other Persons that may have a material current or future effect on the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s financial condition,
changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources, or significant components
of revenues or expenses. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (i) neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, has incurred any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent, or entered into
any material transactions other than in the ordinary course of business, (ii)the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has not declared
or paid any dividends or made any distribution of any kind with respect to its capital stock, (iii) there has not been any change in
the capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or, other than in the course of business, any grants under any stock compensation
plan, and (iv) there has not been any material adverse change in the Company&rsquo;s long-term or short-term debt. The Company is not
currently contemplating to amend or restate any of the consolidated financial statements (including, without limitation, any notes or
any letter of the independent accountants of the Company with respect thereto), nor is the Company currently aware of facts or circumstances
which would require the Company to amend or restate any of such financial statements, in each case, in order for any of the consolidated
financial statements to be in compliance with GAAP and the rules and regulations of the Commission. The Company has not been informed
by its independent accountants that they recommend that the Company amend or restate any of the consolidated financial statements or
that there is any need for the Company to amend or restate any of the consolidated financial statements.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.8
<U>Organization and Qualification</U>. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized,
validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power
and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing
Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. All of the articles of incorporation, certificate or articles of association, bylaws or other
organizational or charter documents (&ldquo;<B>Charter Documents</B>&rdquo;) of each of the Company and its Subsidiaries comply with
the requirements of applicable laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or organization and are in full force and effect. Each of the
Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in
each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where
the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect (as defined below). As used in this Agreement, &ldquo;<B>Material Adverse Effect</B>&rdquo; means any material adverse effect
on (i) the business, properties, assets, liabilities, operations (including results thereof), condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects
of the Company or any Subsidiary, individually or taken as a whole, (ii) the transactions contemplated hereby or in any other agreements
or instruments to be entered into in connection herewith or therewith or (iii) the authority or ability of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries to perform any of their respective obligations under this Agreement or in any other agreements or instruments to be entered
into in connection herewith or therewith. Other than the Persons set forth on <U>Exhibit B</U> hereto, the Company has no Subsidiaries.
As used in this Agreement, &ldquo;<B>Subsidiaries</B>&rdquo; means any Person in which the Company, directly or indirectly, (i) owns
any of the outstanding capital stock or holds any equity or similar interest of such Person or (ii) controls or operates all or any part
of the business, operations or administration of such Person, and each of the foregoing, is individually referred to herein as a &ldquo;<B>Subsidiary</B>.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.9
<U>Subsidiaries</U>. All of the equity interests of each Subsidiary have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are owned directly
or indirectly by the Company, are fully paid in accordance with its articles of association and non-assessable and are free and clear
of all liens, charges, claims, pledges, security interests, encumbrances, rights of first refusal, preemptive rights or other restrictions
(&ldquo;<B>Liens</B>&rdquo;). None of the outstanding share capital or equity interest in any Subsidiary was issued in violation of preemptive
or similar rights of any security holder of such Subsidiary. Apart from the Subsidiaries, the Company has no direct or indirect subsidiaries
or any other company over which it has direct or indirect effective control. Other than the Subsidiaries, the Company does not directly
or indirectly control any entity through contractual arrangements or otherwise such that the entity would be deemed a consolidated affiliated
entity whose financial results would be consolidated under GAAP with the financial results of the Company on the consolidated financial
statements of the Company, regardless of whether the Company directly or indirectly owns less than a majority of the equity interests
of such Person.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.10
<U>Corporate Power; Licenses; Consents</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.10.1.
<U>Conduct of Business</U>. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries has all requisite corporate power and authority, and has all necessary
authorizations, approvals, orders, licenses, certificates and permits of and from all Governmental Entities that it needs as of the date
hereof to conduct its business purpose as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.10.2.
<U>Transactions Contemplated Herein</U>. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations
under this Agreement, all exhibits and schedules hereto, and each of the other agreements and instruments entered into or delivered by
any of the parties hereto in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, as may be amended from time to time (collectively,
the &ldquo;<B>Transaction Documents</B>&rdquo;), and to carry out the provisions and conditions hereof and thereof. The execution and
delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions
contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further
action is required by the Company, the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors or the Company&rsquo;s shareholders in connection herewith
or therewith other than in connection. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which the Company is a party has been (or
upon delivery will have been) have been or will be prior to the Closing Date, as the case may be, duly executed and delivered by the
Company, and each constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance
with its respective terms except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors&rsquo; rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws
relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification
and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.10.3.
<U>Consents</U>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any
notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local, foreign or other governmental authority
or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents and consummation
of the transactions contemplated hereby and as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus,
except for the registration of the Securities under the Securities Act and such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders and registrations
or qualifications (i) as have been obtained or made, or (ii) as may be required by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.
(&ldquo;<B>FINRA</B>&rdquo;) and under applicable state securities laws or &ldquo;Blue Sky&rdquo; laws in connection with the purchase
and distribution of the Securities by the Underwriters.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.11
<U>No Conflicts</U>. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to
which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby
do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s Charter Documents, or
(ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result
in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination,
amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any
agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to
which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected,
or (iii) conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction
of any Governmental Entity to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations),
or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and
(iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.12
<U>No Defaults; Violations</U>. No material default exists in the due performance and observance of any term, covenant or condition of
any material license, contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, note, loan or credit agreement, or any other agreement or instrument
evidencing an obligation for borrowed money, or any other material agreement or instrument to which the Company or any Subsidiary is
a party or by which the Company or any Subsidiary may be bound or to which any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary
is subject. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation of any term or provision of its Charter Documents, or in violation
of any franchise, license, permit, applicable law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any Governmental Entity.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.13
<U>No Material Adverse Change</U>. Since the date of the most recent financial statements of the Company included in the Registration
Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (i) there has not been any material change in the share capital (other
than the issuance of shares of Common Stock in connection with share-based awards pursuant to the existing equity incentive plans described
in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus), short-term debt or long-term debt, net current assets
or net assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, set aside for payment,
paid or made by the Company on any class of its share capital, or any material adverse change, or any development involving a prospective
material adverse change, in or affecting the condition (financial or otherwise), business, properties, management, financial position,
shareholders&rsquo; equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole; (ii) neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has entered into or assumed any transaction or agreement (whether or not in the ordinary course of
business) that is material to the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole or incurred, assumed or acquired any liability or obligation,
direct or contingent, that is material to the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole or acquired or disposed of or agreed to acquire
or dispose of any business or other asset, that is material to the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole or agreed to take any
of the foregoing actions; and (iii) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has sustained any loss or interference with its business
that is material to the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole and that is either from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity,
whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor disturbance or dispute or any action, order or decree of any court or arbitrator
or governmental or regulatory authority, except in each case of (i) to (iii) as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the
Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.14
<U>Litigation; Governmental Proceedings</U>. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company there is not pending or contemplated,
any action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against
or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary, or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative
agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an &ldquo;<B>Action</B>&rdquo;) which (i) adversely
affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) could, if
there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company, any Subsidiary,
or any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal
or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not
pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the
Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.15
<U>Authorized Capital; Options, etc</U>. The Company had, at the date or dates indicated in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure
Package and the Prospectus, the duly authorized, issued and outstanding capitalization as set forth therein. Based on the assumptions
stated in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company will have on the Closing Date the
adjusted authorized, issued and outstanding stock capitalization set forth therein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.16
<U>Valid Issuance of Securities, etc.</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.16.1.
<U>Outstanding Securities</U>. As of the date hereof, the authorized capital stock of the Company consists of 100,000,000 shares of Common
Stock and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.00001 per share of which, 4,916,772 shares of Common Stock are issued and
outstanding. In addition, the Company presently has outstanding, subject to exercise or conversion, 1,826,000 pre-funded warrants to
purchase common stock, warrants to purchase 3,464,281 shares of Common Stock, notes convertible into 732,134 shares of Common Stock,
and 244,439 restricted stock units issued under the Company&rsquo;s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan. All issued and
outstanding securities of the Company issued prior to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement have been duly authorized and validly
issued and are fully paid and non-assessable; the holders thereof have no rights of rescission with respect thereto, and are not subject
to personal liability by reason of being such holders; and none of such securities were issued in violation of the preemptive rights
of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company. The authorized shares of Common Stock
conform in all material respects to all statements relating thereto contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package
and the Prospectus. The offers and sales of the outstanding shares of Common Stock were at all relevant times either registered under
the Securities Act and the applicable state securities or &ldquo;Blue Sky&rdquo; laws or, based in part on the representations and warranties
of the purchasers of such Shares, exempt from such registration requirements. In addition, (i) none of the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s
shares, interests or capital stock is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or Liens suffered or permitted by the
Company or any Subsidiary; (ii) except as set forth in, or contemplated by, the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package
and the Prospectus, on the effective date of the Registration Statement (&ldquo;<B>Effective Date</B>&rdquo;), as of the Applicable Time
and on the Closing Date, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character
whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, any shares, interests or capital
stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares, interests or capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights
convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, any shares, interests or capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries;
(iii) except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, no holders of any securities
of the Company or any rights exercisable for or convertible or exchangeable into securities of the Company have the right to require
the Company to register any such securities of the Company under the Securities Act or to include any such securities in a registration
statement to be filed by the Company; (iv) there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
which contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (v) aside
from a one-time price match contained in the Company&rsquo;s convertible notes issued in October 2024, which notes are disclosed in the
Registration Statement, there are no securities or instruments containing anti-dilution or similar provisions that will be triggered
by the issuance of the Securities; and (vi) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any stock appreciation rights or &ldquo;phantom
stock&rdquo; plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.16.2.
<U>Securities Sold Pursuant to this Agreement</U>. The Securities have been duly authorized for issuance and sale and, when issued and
paid for, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; the holders thereof are not and will not be subject to personal liability
by reason of being such holders; the Securities are not and will not be subject to the preemptive rights of any holders of any security
of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company; and all corporate action required to be taken for the authorization,
issuance and sale of the Securities has been duly and validly taken. The Pre-Funded Warrants to be purchased by the Underwriters from
the Company have been duly authorized for issuance and sale to the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement and, when issued and delivered
by the Company pursuant to this Agreement against payment of the consideration set forth herein, will be validly issued and enforceable
in accordance with their terms. The shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants (the &ldquo;<B>Warrant
Shares</B>&rdquo;) have been duly authorized for issuance and, when issued and delivered by the Company pursuant to the exercise of the
Pre-Funded Warrants against payment of the exercise price set forth therein, will be validly issued and fully paid and non-assessable.
The issuance of the Warrant Shares is not subject to the preemptive or other similar rights of any holders of any security of the Company
or similar contractual rights granted by the Company. The Common Stock and the Pre-Funded Warrants each conform to all statements relating
thereto contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and such description conforms to the
rights set forth in the instruments defining the same. No holder of Shares or Warrant Shares will be subject to personal liability by
reason of being such a holder.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.17
<U>Insurance</U>. The Company and each Subsidiary carry or are entitled to the benefits of insurance, with reputable insurers, in such
amounts and covering such risks which the Company believes are adequate, and all such insurance is in full force and effect. The Company
has no reason to believe that it or any Subsidiary will not be able (i) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies
expire or (ii) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as
now conducted and at a cost that would not result in a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.18
<U>D&amp;O Questionnaires</U>. All information contained in the questionnaires (the &ldquo;<B>Questionnaires</B>&rdquo;) completed by
each of the Company&rsquo;s directors and officers immediately prior to the Offering (the &ldquo;<B>Insiders</B>&rdquo;) as supplemented
by all information concerning the Company&rsquo;s directors, officers and principal shareholders as described in the Registration Statement,
the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, as well as in the Lock-Up Agreement (as defined in Section 2.24 below), provided to
the Underwriters, is complete, true and correct in all material respects and the Company has not become aware of any information which
would cause the information disclosed in the Questionnaires to become materially incomplete, inaccurate or incorrect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.19
<U>Transactions Affecting Disclosure to FINRA</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.19.1.
<U>Finder&rsquo;s Fees</U>. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there
are no claims, payments, arrangements, agreements or understandings relating to the payment of a finder&rsquo;s, consulting or origination
fee by the Company or any Insider with respect to the sale of the Securities hereunder or any other arrangements, agreements or understandings
of the Company or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any of its shareholders that may affect the Underwriters&rsquo; compensation, as
determined by FINRA.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.19.2.
<U>Payments within Twelve (12) Months</U>. Except as described in the Company&rsquo;s Commission filings, the Registration Statement,
the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not made any direct or indirect payments (in cash, securities or otherwise)
to: (i) any Person, as a finder&rsquo;s fee, consulting fee or otherwise, in consideration of such Person raising capital for the Company
or introducing to the Company Persons who raised or provided capital to the Company; (ii) any FINRA member; or (iii) any Person that
has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member, within the twelve (12) months prior to the Effective Date,
other than the payment to the Underwriters as provided hereunder in connection with the Offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.19.3.
<U>Use of Proceeds</U>. None of the net proceeds of the Offering will be paid by the Company to any participating FINRA member or its
affiliates, except as specifically authorized herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.19.4.
<U>FINRA Affiliation</U>. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, there is no (i) officer or director of the Company, (ii) beneficial owner
of 10% or more of any class of the Company&rsquo;s securities or (iii) beneficial owner of the Company&rsquo;s unregistered equity securities
which were acquired during the 180-day period immediately preceding the date that the Registration Statement was initially filed with
the Commission that is an affiliate or associated Person of a FINRA member participating in the Offering (as determined in accordance
with the rules and regulations of FINRA).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.19.5.
<U>Information</U>. All information provided by the Company in its FINRA questionnaire to LB specifically for use by LB in connection
with its Public Offering System filings (and related disclosure) with FINRA is true, correct and complete in all material respects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.20
<U>Compliance with Anti-Corruption Laws.</U> Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor any director or officer of the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries, acting in their capacity as such, nor, to the best of the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any employee, representative,
agent, affiliate or other Person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has (i) used any corporate funds for any
unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made or taken, or will make
or take, an act in furtherance of an offer, promise or authorization of any direct or indirect unlawful payment, giving of money, property,
gifts, benefit or anything else of value to any foreign or domestic government or regulatory official or employee, including of any government-owned
or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any Person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any
of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office, in order to influence official action or
secure an improper advantage; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as
amended, or any applicable law or regulation implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International
Business Transactions, or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law; (iv) made, offered, agreed, requested or taken an
act in furtherance of any unlawful bribe or other unlawful benefit, including, without limitation, any rebate, payoff, influence payment,
kickback or other unlawful or improper payment or benefit; or (v) will directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering of the
Securities by the Company hereunder in furtherance of an offer, promise or authorization of any direct or indirect unlawful payment,
giving of money, property, gifts, benefit or anything else of value, to any Person in violation of any applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption
law. The Company and its Subsidiaries and affiliates have conducted their business in compliance with applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption
laws and have instituted, maintained and enforced, and will continue to maintain and enforce adequate policies and procedures designed
to promote and ensure compliance with all applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws. No investigation, action, suit or proceedings
by or before any Governmental Entity or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of the Subsidiaries with respect to anti-bribery
or anti-corruption laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.21
<U>No Conflicts with Sanctions Laws</U><I>. </I>Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor any director or officer, thereof,
nor, to the knowledge of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, any employee, representative, agent, affiliate or other Person acting
on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, is currently the subject or target of any sanctions administered or enforced by
the U.S. government (including, without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury or the
U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a &ldquo;<B>specially designated national</B>&rdquo; or
&ldquo;<B>blocked person</B>&rdquo;), the United Nations Security Council, the European Union (including under Council Regulation (EC)
No. 194/2008), or other relevant sanctions or governmental authority (collectively, &ldquo;<B>Sanctions</B>&rdquo;), or engaged in any
activities sanctionable under the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, the Iran Sanctions Act, the
Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act, or any applicable executive order, nor is the Company or any of its Subsidiaries located,
organized or resident in a country, region or territory that is, or whose government is, the subject or target of Sanctions including,
without limitation, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, Syria and Crimea (each a &ldquo;<B>Sanctioned Country</B>&rdquo;); and the Company
and its Subsidiaries will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the Offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available
such proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person: (i) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with,
or to finance any investments in, or make any payments to, any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding
or facilitation, is, or whose government is, the subject or target of any Sanctions; (ii) to fund or facilitate any activities of or
business or transactions in any Sanctioned Country or (iii) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person
(including any Person participating in the offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise). For the past five years,
the Company and its Subsidiaries have not engaged in, are not now engaged in, and will not engage in, any dealings or transactions with
any Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was, or whose government is or was,
the subject or target of Sanctions, or with any Sanctioned Country. None of the issue and sale of the Securities, the execution, delivery
and performance of this Agreement, the consummation of any other transaction contemplated hereby, or the provision of services contemplated
by this Agreement to the Company will result in a violation of any Sanctions. The Company and its Subsidiaries further covenant not to
engage, directly or indirectly, in any other activities that would result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person
participating in the Offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise, except that in relation to any of the foregoing,
the Company makes no covenant with respect to the Underwriters&rsquo; commissions after such commissions have been paid to the Underwriters).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.22
<U>Money Laundering Laws</U>. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in material
compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including, as applicable, those of the Currency and Foreign
Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, and all the other applicable money laundering laws, rules and regulations of all jurisdictions
where the Company or any of its Subsidiaries conducts business, and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines issued, administered
or enforced by any Governmental Entity, including, without limitation, Title 18 U.S. Code section 1956 and 1957, the USA Patriot Act
of 2001, and the Bank Secrecy Act, all as amended, and any executive order, directive, or regulation pursuant to the authority of any
of the foregoing, or any orders or licenses issued thereunder (collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Anti-Money Laundering Laws</B>&rdquo;), and
no action, suit or proceeding by or before any Governmental Entity, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened. Neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor any director or officer of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, nor, to the best of the
Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any employee, representative, agent, affiliate or other Person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries has violated any Anti-Money Laundering Laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.23
<U>Officers&rsquo; Certificate</U>. Any certificate signed by any duly authorized officer of the Company and delivered to you or to LB
shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to the Underwriters as to the matters covered thereby.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.24
<U>Lock-Up Agreements</U>. <U>Schedule III</U> contains a complete and accurate list of the Company&rsquo;s officers, directors and each
owner of at least 5% of the Company&rsquo;s outstanding shares of Common Stock (or securities convertible or exercisable into shares
of Common Stock) (collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Lock-Up Parties</B>&rdquo;). The Company has caused each of the Lock-Up Parties, aside
from the holders of pre-funded warrants purchased in the Company&rsquo;s October 2024 registered direct offering, to deliver to the Representative
an executed Lock-Up Agreement, in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit A</U> (the &ldquo;<B>Lock-Up Agreement</B>&rdquo;), prior to
the execution of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.25
<U>Related Party Transactions</U>. There are no business relationships or related party transactions involving the Company or any Subsidiary
or any other Person required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus that have
not been described as required.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.26
<U>Board of Directors</U>. The Board of Directors of the Company is comprised of the persons disclosed in the Registration Statement,
the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. The qualifications of the persons serving as board members and the overall composition
of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors comply with the Exchange Act, the Exchange Act Regulations, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
and the rules promulgated thereunder (the &ldquo;<B>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</B>&rdquo;) applicable to the Company and the listing rules of
the Exchange. At least one member of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company qualifies as an &ldquo;audit committee
financial expert,&rdquo; as such term is defined under Regulation S-K and the listing rules of the Nasdaq Capital Market (the &ldquo;<B>Exchange</B>&rdquo;).
In addition, at least a majority of the persons serving on the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors qualify as &ldquo;independent,&rdquo;
as defined under the listing rules of the Exchange.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.27
<U>Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.27.1.
<U>Disclosure Controls</U>. The Company has developed and currently maintains disclosure controls and procedures that comply with Rule
13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Exchange Act Regulations, and except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package
and the Prospectus, such controls and procedures are effective to ensure that all material information concerning the Company will be
made known on a timely basis to the individuals responsible for the preparation of the Company&rsquo;s Exchange Act filings and other
public disclosure documents.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.27.2.
<U>Compliance</U>. The Company is in material compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act applicable to it, and has implemented
or will implement such programs and taken reasonable steps to ensure the Company&rsquo;s future compliance (not later than the relevant
statutory and regulatory deadlines therefor) with all of the material provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.28
<U>Internal Controls</U>. The Company maintains systems of &ldquo;internal control over financial reporting&rdquo; (as defined under
Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act Regulations) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act and have been designed
by, or under the supervision of, its respective principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions,
to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with GAAP, including, but not limited to, internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance
that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded
as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access
to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability
for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.
Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there has been (i) no material
weakness in the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and (ii) no change in the Company&rsquo;s
internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company&rsquo;s
internal control over financial reporting. The Company&rsquo;s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company
have been advised of: (i) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial
reporting which are known to the Company&rsquo;s management and that have adversely affected or are reasonably likely to adversely affect
the Company&rsquo; ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (ii) any fraud known to the Company&rsquo;s
management, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company&rsquo;s internal
controls over financial reporting.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.29
<U>No Investment Company Status</U>. The Company is not and, after giving effect to the Offering and the application of the proceeds
thereof as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, will not be, required to register
as an &ldquo;investment company,&rdquo; as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.30
<U>Labor Relations</U>. No labor dispute or governmental investigation or proceedings exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is
imminent with respect to labor law compliance or any of the employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, which could reasonably
be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company&rsquo;s or its Subsidiaries&rsquo; employees is a member of a
union that relates to such employee&rsquo;s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with
their employees are good. No executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material
term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any
other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive
officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters that would
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all applicable U.S.
federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment
and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.31
<U>Intellectual Property Rights</U>. To the knowledge of the Company, each of the Company and its Subsidiaries owns or possesses or has
valid rights to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks, service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations,
copyrights, licenses, inventions, trade secrets and similar rights (&ldquo;<B>Intellectual Property Rights</B>&rdquo;) necessary for
the conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries as currently carried on and as described in the Registration Statement,
the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. To the knowledge of the Company, no action or use by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
necessary for the conduct of its business as currently carried on and as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure
Package and the Prospectus will involve or give rise to any infringement of, or license or similar fees for, any Intellectual Property
Rights of others. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice alleging any such infringement, fee or conflict
with asserted Intellectual Property Rights of others. Except as would not reasonably be expected to result, individually or in the aggregate,
in a Material Adverse Effect (i) to the knowledge of the Company, there is no infringement, misappropriation or violation by third parties
of any of the Intellectual Property Rights owned by the Company or any Subsidiary; (ii) there is no pending or, to the knowledge of the
Company, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the rights of the Company or any Subsidiary in or to any
such Intellectual Property Rights, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim, that
would, individually or in the aggregate, together with any other claims in this Section 2.31, reasonably be expected to result in a Material
Adverse Effect; (iii) the Intellectual Property Rights owned by the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company or
any Subsidiary, the Intellectual Property Rights licensed to the Company or any Subsidiary have not been adjudged by a court of competent
jurisdiction invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, and there is no pending or, to the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s
knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the validity or scope of any such Intellectual Property
Rights, and the Company or any Subsidiary is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim that would,
individually or in the aggregate, together with any other claims in this Section 2.31, reasonably be expected to result in a Material
Adverse Effect; (iv) there is no pending or, to the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding
or claim by others that the Company or any Subsidiary infringes, misappropriates or otherwise violates any Intellectual Property Rights
or other proprietary rights of others, the Company or any Subsidiary has not received any written notice of such claim and the Company
or any Subsidiary is unaware of any other facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim that would, individually or in
the aggregate, together with any other claims in this Section 2.31, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; and
(v) to the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s knowledge, no employee of the Company or any Subsidiary is in or has ever been in
violation in any material respect of any term of any employment contract, patent disclosure agreement, invention assignment agreement,
non-competition agreement, non-solicitation agreement, nondisclosure agreement or any restrictive covenant to or with a former employer
where the basis of such violation relates to such employee&rsquo;s employment with the Company or any Subsidiary, or actions undertaken
by the employee while employed with the Company or any Subsidiary and could reasonably be expected to result, individually or in the
aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect. To the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s knowledge, all material technical information
developed by and belonging to the Company or any Subsidiary which has not been patented has been kept confidential. The Company or any
Subsidiary is not a party to or bound by any options, licenses or agreements with respect to the Intellectual Property Rights of any
other person or entity that are required to be set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus
and are not described therein. The Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus contain in all material
respects the same description of the matters set forth in the preceding sentence. None of the technology employed by the Company or any
Subsidiary has been obtained or is being used by the Company or any Subsidiary in violation of any contractual obligation binding on
the Company or any Subsidiary or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any of its officers, directors or employees, or otherwise in violation
of the rights of any Persons.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.32
<U>Cybersecurity; Data Protection</U><I>. </I>The Company and its Subsidiaries&rsquo; information technology assets and equipment, computers,
systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases (collectively, <B>&ldquo;IT Systems</B>&rdquo;) are adequate
for, and operate and perform in all material respects as required in connection with the operation of the business of the Company and
its Subsidiaries as currently conducted, free and clear of all material bugs, errors, defects, Trojan horses, time bombs, and other malware.
The Company and its Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable controls, policies, procedures, and safeguards
to maintain and protect their material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all
IT Systems and data (including all personal, personally identifiable, sensitive, confidential or regulated data (&ldquo;<B>Personal Data</B>&rdquo;))
used in connection with their businesses, and there have been no breaches, violations, outages or unauthorized uses of or accesses to
same, except in each case that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect
or for those that have been remedied without material cost or liability or the duty to notify any other Person, nor any incidents under
internal review or investigations relating to the same. The Company and its Subsidiaries are presently in material compliance with all
applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or Governmental Entity, internal
policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Personal Data and to the protection of such
IT Systems and Personal Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except in each case that would not, individually
or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.33
<U>Taxes</U>. (i) The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have filed all national, local, federal, state and foreign tax returns required
to be filed through the date of this Agreement or have requested extensions thereof and have paid all taxes required to be paid thereon
(except for cases where failure to file or pay would not have a Material Adverse Effect, or except for taxes currently being contested
in good faith and for which adequate reserves have been made in the financial statements of the Company), and no tax deficiency has been
determined adversely to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which has had (nor does the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries have any
notice or knowledge of any tax deficiency which could reasonably be expected to be determined adversely to the Company or its Subsidiaries
and which could reasonably be expected to have) a Material Adverse Effect. (ii) Any unpaid material income and corporation tax liability
of the Company for any years not finally determined have been accrued on the Company&rsquo;s financial statements in accordance with
the GAAP.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.34
<U>Compliance with Laws</U>. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries: (i) is and at all times has been in compliance with all statutes,
rules, regulations, ordinances, judgments, orders and decrees of all Governmental Entities applicable to the Company&rsquo;s and the
Subsidiaries&rsquo; business (&ldquo;<B>Applicable Laws</B>&rdquo;), except as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; (ii) has not received any warning letter, untitled letter or other correspondence or notice
from any other Governmental Entity alleging or asserting noncompliance with any Applicable Laws or any licenses, consents, certificates,
approvals, clearances, authorizations, permits, orders and supplements or amendments thereto required by any such Applicable Laws (&ldquo;<B>Authorizations</B>&rdquo;);
(iii) possesses all material Authorizations and such Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect and are not in material violation
of any term of any such Authorizations; (iv) has not received notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation,
inquiry, arbitration or other action from any Governmental Entity or third party alleging that any product operation or activity is in
violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and has no knowledge that any such Governmental Entity or third party is considering
any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action, suit, investigation or proceeding; (v) has not received notice that any Governmental
Entity has taken, is taking or intends to take action to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any Authorizations and has no knowledge that
any such Governmental Entity is considering such action; (vi) has filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all material reports, documents,
forms, filings, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Applicable Laws
or Authorizations and that all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or
amendments were complete and correct on the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission); and (viii) has
not, either voluntarily or involuntarily, initiated, conducted, or issued or caused to be initiated, conducted or issued, any recall,
market withdrawal or replacement, safety alert, post-sale warning, or other notice or action relating to the alleged lack of safety or
efficacy of any product or any alleged product defect or violation and, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, no third party has initiated,
conducted or intends to initiate any such notice or action.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.35
<U>Environmental Laws.</U> The Company and its Subsidiaries, (i) are in compliance with any and all applicable foreign, national, federal,
state and local laws and regulations (including, for the avoidance of doubt, all applicable laws and regulations of the United States)
relating to the use, treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous or toxic substances or waste and protection of health and safety or
the environment which are applicable to their businesses (&ldquo;<B>Environmental Laws</B>&rdquo;), (ii) have received all permits, licenses
or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (iii) are in compliance
with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval, except where such noncompliance with Environmental Laws, failure
to receive required permits, licenses or other approvals or failure to comply with the terms and conditions of such permits, licenses
or approvals would not, singly or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. There are no costs or liabilities associated with
Environmental Laws, except for those that would, singly or in the aggregate, not have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.36
<U>Title to Real and Personal Property</U>. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the
Prospectus, the Company and each of its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to, or have valid rights to lease or
otherwise use, all items of real or personal property which are material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as
a whole, in each case free and clear of all Liens and defects that do not, singly or in the aggregate, materially affect the value of
such property and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries;
and all of the leases and subleases material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, considered as one enterprise, and under
which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries holds properties described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package
and the Prospectus, are in full force and effect, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of any material
claim of any sort that has been asserted by anyone adverse to the rights of the Company or any Subsidiary under any of the leases or
subleases mentioned above, or affecting or questioning the rights of the Company or such Subsidiary to the continued possession of the
leased or subleased premises under any such lease or sublease.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.37
<U>Contracts Affecting Capital</U>. There are no transactions, arrangements or other relationships between and/or among the Company,
any of its affiliates (as such term is defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act Regulations) and any unconsolidated entity, including,
but not limited to, any structured finance, special purpose or limited purpose entity that could reasonably be expected to materially
affect the Company&rsquo;s liquidity or the availability of or requirements for their capital resources required to be described or incorporated
by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus which have not been described or incorporated
by reference as required.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.38
<U>Loans to Directors or Officers</U>. There are no outstanding loans, advances (except normal advances for business expenses in the
ordinary course of business) or guarantees or indebtedness by the Company to or for the benefit of any of the officers or directors of
the Company or any of their respective family members, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package
and the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.39
<U>Integration</U>. Neither the Company, nor any of its affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly,
made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause the Offering
to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of the Securities Act that would require the registration of any such
securities issued in such prior offerings under the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.40
<U>No Broker&rsquo;s Fees</U><I>. </I>There are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company or its Subsidiaries and
any Person that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or its Subsidiaries or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission,
finder&rsquo;s fee or other like payment in connection with the Offering, or any other arrangements, agreements, understandings, payments
or issuance with respect to the Company and its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, shareholders, sponsors,
partners, employees, affiliates or other Person acting on their behalf that may affect the Underwriters&rsquo; compensation as determined
by the FINRA.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.41
<U>Forward-Looking Statements</U>. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section
21E of the Exchange Act) included or incorporated by reference in any of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or
the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.42
<U>Third-party Data</U>. Any statistical, industry-related and market-related data included in each of the Registration Statement, the
Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company reasonably and in good faith believes
to be reliable and accurate or represent the Company&rsquo;s good faith estimates that are made on the basis of data derived from such
sources, and such data agree with the sources from which they are derived, and the Company has obtained the written consent for the use
of such data from such sources to the extent required.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.43
<U>Confidentiality and Non-Competition</U>. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, no director, officer, key employee or consultant of the
Company is subject to any confidentiality, non-disclosure, non-competition agreement or non-solicitation agreement with any employer
or prior employer that could reasonably be expected to materially affect his ability to be and act in his respective capacity of the
Company or be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.44
<U>Termination of Contracts</U><I>.</I> Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has sent or received any communication regarding
termination of, or intent not to renew, any of the contracts or agreements specifically referred to or described in the Registration
Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement; and no such termination
or non-renewal has been threatened by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or to the best knowledge of the Company after due inquiry,
by any other party to any such contract or agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.44
<U>Testing-the-Waters Communications</U>. The Company has not (i) alone engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communications, other than
Testing-the-Waters Communications with the written consent of the Representative and with entities that are qualified institutional buyers
within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act or institutions that are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501
under the Securities Act and (ii) authorized anyone other than the Representative to engage in Testing-the-Waters Communications. The
Company confirms that the Representative has been authorized to act on its behalf in undertaking Testing-the-Waters Communications. The
Company has not distributed any Written Testing-the-Waters Communications other than those listed on <U>Schedule II-B</U> hereto. As
of the time of each sale of the Securities in connection with the Offering when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers,
no individual Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, when considered together with the Pricing Disclosure Package, included, includes
or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to
make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. &ldquo;<B>Written Testing-the-Waters
Communication</B>&rdquo; means any Testing-the-Waters Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under
the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.45
<U>Margin Securities</U>. The Company owns no &ldquo;margin securities&rdquo; as that term is defined in Regulation U of the Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the &ldquo;<B>Federal Reserve Board</B>&rdquo;), and none of the proceeds of Offering will be
used, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of purchasing or carrying any margin security, for the purpose of reducing or retiring
any indebtedness which was originally incurred to purchase or carry any margin security or for any other purpose which might cause any
of the shares of Common Stock to be considered a &ldquo;purpose credit&rdquo; within the meanings of Regulation T, U or X of the Federal
Reserve Board.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.47
<U>Nasdaq Deficiencies</U>. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act. There is no action pending
by the Company or the Exchange to delist the Common Stock from the Exchange and all notifications from the Exchange regarding the Company&rsquo;s
deficiencies with regard to the Exchange&rsquo;s listing rules have been disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure
Package, and the Preliminary Prospectus. When issued, the Shares shall be listed on the Exchange.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.
<U>Covenants of the Company</U>. The Company covenants and agrees as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1
<U>Amendments to Registration Statement</U>. The Company shall deliver to the Representative, prior to filing, any amendment or supplement
to the Registration Statement or Prospectus proposed to be filed after the Effective Date and not file any such amendment or supplement
to which the Representative shall reasonably object in writing.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2
<U>Federal Securities Laws</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2.1.
<U>Compliance</U>. The Company, subject to Section 3.2.2, shall comply with the requirements of Rule 430A of the Securities Act Regulations,
and will notify the Representative promptly, and confirm the notice in writing, (i) when any post-effective amendment to the Registration
Statement shall become effective or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus shall have been filed; (ii) of the receipt of any comments
from the Commission; (iii) of any request by the Commission for any amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement
to the Prospectus or for additional information; (iv) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness
of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus
or the Prospectus, or of the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation
or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatening of any proceedings for any of such purposes or of any examination pursuant to Section
8(d) or 8(e) of the Securities Act concerning the Registration Statement and (v) if the Company becomes the subject of a proceeding under
Section 8A of the Securities Act in connection with the Offering of the Securities. The Company shall effect all filings required under
Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act Regulations, in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) (without reliance on
Rule 424(b)(8)), and shall take such steps as it deems necessary to ascertain promptly whether the form of prospectus transmitted for
filing under Rule 424(b) was received for filing by the Commission and, in the event that it was not, it will promptly file such prospectus.
The Company shall use its best efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order, prevention or suspension and, if any such order is
issued, to obtain the lifting thereof at the earliest possible moment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2.2.
<U>Continued Compliance</U>. The Company shall comply with the Securities Act, the Securities Act Regulations, the Exchange Act and the
Exchange Act Regulations so as to permit the completion of the distribution of the Securities as contemplated in this Agreement and in
the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. If at any time when a prospectus relating to the Securities
is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172 of the Securities Act Regulations (&ldquo;<B>Rule 172</B>&rdquo;), would be) required
by the Securities Act to be delivered in connection with sales of the Securities (the &ldquo;<B>Prospectus Delivery Period</B>&rdquo;),
any event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which it is necessary, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters or
for the Company, to (i) amend the Registration Statement in order that the Registration Statement will not include an untrue statement
of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading;
(ii) amend or supplement the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus in order that the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus,
as the case may be, will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make
the statements therein not misleading in the light of the circumstances existing at the time it is delivered to a purchaser or (iii)
amend the Registration Statement or amend or supplement the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, as the case may be, in order
to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act or the Securities Act Regulations, the Company will promptly (i) give the Representative
notice of such event; (ii) prepare any amendment or supplement as may be necessary to correct such statement or omission or to make the
Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus comply with such requirements and, a reasonable amount of time
prior to any proposed filing or use, furnish the Representative with copies of any such amendment or supplement and (iii) file with the
Commission any such amendment or supplement; provided that the Company shall not file or use any such amendment or supplement to which
the Representative or counsel for the Underwriters shall reasonably object. If during the Prospectus Delivery Period the Company proposes
to file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus for any other reason, the Company will (i) give the Representative
notice of such event; (ii) a reasonable amount of time prior to any proposed filing or use, furnish the Representative with copies of
any such amendment or supplement; and (iii) not file or use any such amendment or supplement to which the Representative or counsel for
the Underwriters shall reasonably object, unless in the opinion of the Company&rsquo;s outside legal counsel the filing of such amendment
or supplement is necessary to correct a material misstatement or is necessary to make the statements included therein not misleading.
The Company will furnish to the Underwriters such number of copies of such amendment or supplement as the Underwriters may reasonably
request. The Company has given the Representative notice of any filings made pursuant to the Exchange Act or the Exchange Act Regulations
within 48 hours prior to the Applicable Time. The Company shall give the Representative notice of its intention to make any such filing
from the Applicable Time until the Closing Date and will furnish the Representative with copies of the related document(s) a reasonable
amount of time prior to such proposed filing, as the case may be, and will not file or use any such document to which the Representative
or counsel for the Underwriters shall reasonably object.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2.3.
<U>Exchange Act Registration</U>. For a period of five (5) years after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall use its best efforts
to maintain the registration of the shares of Common Stock under the Exchange Act, and the Company shall not voluntarily deregister the
shares of Common Stock under the Exchange Act without the prior written consent of the Representative.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2.4.
<U>Testing-the-Waters Communications</U>. If at any time following the distribution of any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication there
occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Written Testing-the-Waters Communication included or would include
an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein,
in the light of the circumstances existing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company shall promptly notify the Representative
and shall promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Written Testing-the-Waters Communication to eliminate or correct such
untrue statement or omission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.3
<U>Delivery to the Underwriters of Registration Statements</U>. The Company has delivered or made available or shall deliver or make
available to the Representative and counsel for the Representative, without charge, signed copies of the Registration Statement as originally
filed and each amendment thereto (including exhibits filed therewith or incorporated by reference therein and documents incorporated
or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein) and signed copies of all consents and certificates of experts, and will also deliver
to the Underwriters, without charge, a conformed copy of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (without
exhibits) for each of the Underwriters. The copies of the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto furnished to the Underwriters
will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent
permitted by Regulation S-T.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.4
<U>Delivery to the Underwriters of Prospectuses</U>. The Company has delivered or made available or will deliver or make available to
each Underwriter, without charge, as many copies of each Preliminary Prospectus as such Underwriter reasonably requested, and the Company
hereby consents to the use of such copies for purposes permitted by the Securities Act. The Company will furnish to each Underwriter,
without charge, during the period when a prospectus relating to the Securities is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172, would
be) required to be delivered under the Securities Act, such number of copies of the Prospectus (as amended or supplemented) as such Underwriter
may reasonably request. The Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto furnished to the Underwriters will be identical to the
electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.5
<U>Effectiveness and Events Requiring Notice to the Representative</U>. The Company will use its best efforts to cause the Registration
Statement to remain effective with a current prospectus until nine (9) months from the Applicable Time, and will notify the Underwriters
immediately and confirm the notice in writing: (i) of the cessation of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement and any amendment
thereto; (ii) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that
purpose; (iii) of the issuance by any state securities commission of any proceedings for the suspension of the qualification of the Securities
for offering or sale in any jurisdiction or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that purpose; (iv) of the mailing
and delivery to the Commission for filing of any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus; (v) of the receipt
of any comments or request for any additional information from the Commission; and (vi) of the happening of any event during the period
described in this Section 3.5 that, in the judgment of the Company, makes any statement of a material fact made in the Registration Statement,
the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus untrue or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, the
Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading. If the Commission or any state securities commission shall enter a stop order or suspend such qualification
at any time, the Company will make every reasonable effort to obtain promptly the lifting of such order.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.6
<U>Review of Financial Statements.</U> For a period of five (5) years after the date of this Agreement, the Company, at its expense,
shall cause its regularly engaged independent registered public accounting firm to review (but not audit) the Company&rsquo;s financial
statements for each of the three fiscal quarters immediately preceding the announcement of any quarterly financial information.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.7
<U>Listing</U>. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to maintain the listing of the shares of Common Stock (including the
Shares) on the Exchange, and shall not voluntarily delist the shares of Common Stock (including the Shares) on the Exchange without the
prior written consent of the Representative, in each case for at least five (5) years from the date of this Agreement. The Company further
agrees, if the Company applies to have the shares of Common Stock traded on any of the following markets or exchange, including the NYSE
American, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing)
(each &ldquo;<B>Other Trading Market</B>&rdquo;), it will then include in such application all of the Securities, and will take such
other action as is necessary to cause all of such securities to be listed or quoted on such Other Trading Market as promptly as possible.
The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its shares of Common Stock on such
Other Trading Market and will comply in all respects with the Company&rsquo;s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws
or rules of such Other Trading Market. The Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the shares of Common Stock for electronic transfer
through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of
fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.8
<U>Non-accountable Expense Allowance</U>. The Company agrees that on the Closing Date it will pay to the Representative a non-accountable
expense allowance equal to one percent (1%) of the gross proceeds of the Offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.9
<U>Reports to the Representative</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.9.1.
<U>Periodic Reports, etc</U>. For a period of five (5) years after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall furnish or make available
to the Representative copies of such financial statements and other periodic and special reports as the Company from time to time furnishes
generally to holders of any class of its securities and also promptly furnish to the Representative: (i) a copy of each periodic report
the Company shall be required to file with the Commission under the Exchange Act and the Exchange Act Regulations; (ii) a copy of every
press release and every news item and article with respect to the Company or its affairs which was released by the Company; (iii) a copy
of each Form 8-K prepared and filed by the Company; (iv) five copies of each registration statement filed by the Company under the Securities
Act; and (v) such additional documents and information with respect to the Company and the affairs of any future subsidiaries of the
Company as the Representative may from time to time reasonably request in writing; provided the Representative shall sign, if requested
by the Company, a Regulation FD compliant confidentiality agreement which is reasonably acceptable to the Representative and LB in connection
with the Representative&rsquo;s receipt of such information. Documents filed with the Commission pursuant to its EDGAR system shall be
deemed to have been delivered to the Representative pursuant to this Section 3.9.1.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.9.2.
<U>Transfer Agent; Transfer Sheets</U>. For a period of five (5) years after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall retain a transfer
agent and registrar acceptable to the Representative (the &ldquo;<B>Transfer Agent</B>&rdquo;) and shall furnish to the Representative
at the Representative&rsquo;s sole cost and expense such transfer sheets of the Company&rsquo;s securities as the Representative may
reasonably request, including the daily and monthly consolidated transfer sheets of the Transfer Agent and DTC. VStock Transfer, LLC
is acceptable to the Representative to act as Transfer Agent for the shares of Common Stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.9.3.
<U>Trading Reports</U>. For a period of three (3) years after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall provide to the Representative,
at the Company&rsquo;s expense, such reports published by Exchange relating to price trading of the shares of Common Stock, as the Representative
shall reasonably request. Documents made freely available by the Exchange through its website shall be deemed to have been delivered
to the Representative pursuant to this Section 3.9.3.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.10
<U>Payment of Expenses</U>. The Company hereby agrees to pay on the Closing Date, all expenses incident to the performance of the obligations
of the Company under this Agreement, including, but not limited to: (a) all filing fees and communication expenses relating to the registration
of the shares of Common Stock to be sold in the Offering with the Commission; (b) all Public Filing System filing fees associated with
the review of the Offering by FINRA; (c) all fees and expenses relating to the listing of such Securities on the Exchange and such other
stock exchanges as the Company and the Representative together determine, including any fees charged by DTC for new securities; (d) all
fees, expenses and disbursements relating to background checks of the Company&rsquo;s officers and directors; (e) all fees, expenses
and disbursements relating to the registration or qualification of the Securities under the &ldquo;Blue Sky&rdquo; laws of such states
and other jurisdictions as the Representative may reasonably designate (including, without limitation, all filing and registration fees);
(f) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration, qualification or exemption of the Securities under the securities
laws of such foreign jurisdictions as the Representative may reasonably designate; (g) the costs of all mailing and printing of the underwriting
documents (including, without limitation, the Underwriting Agreement, any Blue Sky Surveys and, if appropriate, any Agreement Among Underwriters,
Selected Dealers&rsquo; Agreement, Underwriters&rsquo; Questionnaire and Power of Attorney), Registration Statements, Prospectuses and
all amendments, supplements and exhibits thereto and as many preliminary and final Prospectuses as the Representative may reasonably
deem necessary; (h) the costs of preparing, printing and delivering certificates representing the Securities; (i) fees and expenses of
the transfer agent for the shares of Common Stock; (j) stock transfer and/or stamp taxes, if any, payable upon the transfer of securities
from the Company to the Underwriters; (k) the fees and expenses of the Company&rsquo;s accountants; (l) the fees and expenses of the
Company&rsquo;s legal counsel and other agents and representatives; (m) fees and expenses of the Representative&rsquo;s legal counsel
and (n) the Company&rsquo;s actual &ldquo;road show&rdquo; expenses for the Offering. The Representative may deduct from the net proceeds
of the Offering payable to the Company on the Closing Date, all such out-of-pocket fees, expenses and disbursements (including legal
fees and expenses) of Underwriters incurred as a result of providing services related to the Offering to be paid by the Company to the
Underwriters ($45,000 of which has been paid prior to the date of this Agreement and will be reimbursed to the extent not offset by actual
expenses), up to a maximum aggregate expense allowance of $80,000.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.11
<U>Application of Net Proceeds</U>. The Company shall apply the net proceeds from the Offering received by it in a manner consistent
with the application thereof described under the caption &ldquo;Use of Proceeds&rdquo; in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure
Package and the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.12
<U>Delivery of Earnings Statements to Security Holders</U>. The Company shall make generally available to its security holders as soon
as practicable, but not later than the first day of the fifteenth (15th) full calendar month following the date of this Agreement, an
earnings statement (which need not be certified by independent registered public accounting firm unless required by the Securities Act
or the Securities Act Regulations, but which shall satisfy the provisions of Rule 158(a) under Section 11(a) of the Securities Act) covering
a period of at least twelve (12) consecutive months beginning after the date of this Agreement. If such earnings statement is available
on EDGAR, whether via filing of the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K or otherwise, it shall be deemed to have been delivered
to the Representative pursuant to this Section 3.12.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.13
<U>Stabilization</U>. Neither the Company nor, to its knowledge, any of its employees, directors or shareholders (without the consent
of the Representative) has taken or shall take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that has constituted or that might
reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under Regulation M of the Exchange Act, or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation of
the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.14
<U>Internal Controls</U>. The Company shall maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances
that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded
as necessary in order to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets;
(iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded
accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any
differences.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.15
<U>Accountants</U>. As of the date of this Agreement, the Company shall retain an independent registered public accounting firm reasonably
acceptable to the Representative, and the Company shall continue to retain a nationally recognized independent registered public accounting
firm for a period of at least five (5) years after the date of this Agreement. The Representative acknowledges that the Auditor is acceptable
to the Representative.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.16
<U>FINRA</U>. The Company shall advise the Representative (who shall make an appropriate filing with FINRA) if it is or becomes aware
that (i) any officer or director of the Company, (ii) any beneficial owner of 10% or more of any class of the Company&rsquo;s securities
or (iii) any beneficial owner of the Company&rsquo;s unregistered equity securities which were acquired during the one hundred eighty
(180) days immediately preceding the initial filing of the Registration Statement is or becomes an affiliate or associated person of
a FINRA member participating in the Offering (as determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.17
<U>No Fiduciary Duties</U>. The Company hereby acknowledges that the Underwriters are acting solely as underwriters in connection with
the offering of the Securities. The Company further acknowledges that the Underwriters are acting pursuant to a contractual relationship
created solely by this Agreement entered into on an arm&rsquo;s-length basis and in no event do the parties intend that the Underwriters
act or be responsible as a fiduciary to the Company, its management, stockholders, creditors or any other Person in connection with any
activity that the Underwriters may undertake or have undertaken in furtherance of the offering of the Securities, either before or after
the date hereof. The Underwriters hereby expressly disclaim any fiduciary or similar obligations to the Company, either in connection
with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any matters leading up to such transactions, and the Company hereby confirms
its understanding and agreement to that effect. The Company hereby further confirms its understanding that no Underwriter has assumed
an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company with respect to the Offering contemplated hereby or the process leading
thereto, including, without limitation, any negotiation related to the pricing of the Securities; and the Company has consulted its own
legal and financial advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate in connection with this Agreement and the Offering. The Company
and the Underwriters agree that they are each responsible for making their own independent judgments with respect to any such transactions,
and that any opinions or views expressed by the Underwriters to the Company regarding such transactions, including but not limited to
any opinions or views with respect to the price or market for the Company&rsquo;s securities, do not constitute advice or recommendations
to the Company. The Company hereby waives and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have
against the Underwriters with respect to any breach or alleged breach of any fiduciary or similar duty to the Company in connection with
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any matters leading up to such transactions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.18
<U>Company Lock-Up Agreements</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.18.1.
<U>Restriction on Sales of Capital Stock</U>. The Company, on behalf of itself and any successor entity, agrees that, without the prior
written consent of the Representative, it will not, for a period of sixty (60) days after the date set forth on the Prospectus (the &ldquo;<B>Lock-Up
Period</B>&rdquo;), (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract
to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares
of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the
Company; (ii) file or cause to be filed any registration statement with the Commission relating to the offering of any shares of capital
stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company except
for a registration statement on Form S-8 in connection with the registration of shares of Common Stock issuable under any employee equity-based
compensation plan, incentive plan, stock plan, dividend reinvestment plan adopted and approved by the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors;
or (iii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of
ownership of capital stock of the Company, whether any such transaction described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) above is to be settled
by delivery of shares of capital stock of the Company or such other securities, in cash or otherwise.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
restrictions contained in this Section 3.18.1 shall not apply to (i) the shares of Common Stock to be sold hereunder, (ii) the issuance
by the Company of the Warrant Shares or of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of a stock option or warrant or the conversion of
a security outstanding on the date hereof, of which the Representative have been advised in writing or which is disclosed in the Registration
Statement, provided that such options, warrants, and securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the
number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection
with automatic price resets, share splits, adjustments or combinations as set forth in such securities) or to extend the term of such
securities, or (iii) the issuance by the Company of stock options or shares of capital stock of the Company under any equity compensation
plan of the Company, duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors
or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company;
or (iv) the issuance of securities pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors
of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as &ldquo;restricted securities&rdquo; (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no
registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith, and provided that any such
issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equity holders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating
company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional
benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily
for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities, provided that, in each of (ii),
(iii) and (iv) above, the underlying shares shall be restricted from sale during the entire Lock-Up Period.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.19
<U>Blue Sky Qualifications</U>. The Company shall use its best efforts, in cooperation with the Underwriters, if necessary, to qualify
the Securities for offering and sale under the applicable securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions (domestic or foreign)
as the Representative may designate and to maintain such qualifications in effect so long as required to complete the distribution of
the Securities; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to file any general consent to service of process or to qualify
as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation
in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise so subject.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.20
<U>Reporting Requirements</U>. The Company, during the period when a prospectus relating to the Securities is (or, but for the exception
afforded by Rule 172, would be) required to be delivered under the Securities Act, will file all documents required to be filed with
the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act within the time periods required by the Exchange Act and Exchange Act Regulations. Additionally,
the Company shall report the use of proceeds from the issuance of the Securities as may be required under Rule 463 under the Securities
Act Regulations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.21
<U>D&amp;O Insurance</U>. On the date of this Agreement, the Company shall maintain officers&rsquo; and directors&rsquo; insurance for
each of the officers and directors of the Company in the aggregate amount of no less than $1,000,000]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.22
<U>Board Composition and Board Designations</U>. The Company shall ensure that: (i) the qualifications of the persons serving as members
of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors and the overall composition of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act, with the Exchange Act and with the listing rules of the Exchange or any Other Trading Market, as the case may be, in the event the
Company seeks to have its Securities listed on such Other Trading Market, and (ii) if applicable, at least one member of the Audit Committee
of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors qualifies as an &ldquo;audit committee financial expert,&rdquo; as such term is defined under
Regulation S-K under the Securities Act and the listing rules of the Exchange.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.23
<U>Prohibition on Press Releases and Public Announcements</U>. At the request of the Representative, by 9:00 a.m. (New York City time)
on the first trading day after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the
Offering. The Company and the Representative shall consult with each other in issuing any press releases with respect to the Offering,
and neither the Company nor any Underwriter shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the
prior consent of the Company, with respect to any other press release of such Underwriter, or without the prior consent of such Underwriter,
with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure
is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement
or communication.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.24
<U>Research Independence</U>. The Company acknowledges that each Underwriter&rsquo;s research analysts and research departments, if any,
are required to be independent from their respective investment banking divisions and are subject to certain regulations and internal
policies, and that such Underwriter&rsquo;s research analysts may hold and make statements or investment recommendations and/or publish
research reports with respect to the Company and/or the offering that differ from the views of its investment bankers. The Company hereby
waives and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have against such Underwriter with respect
to any conflict of interest that may arise from the fact that the views expressed by their independent research analysts and research
departments may be different from or inconsistent with the views or advice communicated to the Company by such Underwriter&rsquo;s investment
banking divisions. The Company acknowledges that each of the Representative is a full service securities firm and as such from time to
time, subject to applicable securities laws, may effect transactions for its own account or the account of its customers and hold long
or short position in debt or equity securities of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.25
<U>Right of First Refusal</U>. Following the Closing Date, for a period of three (3) months after such Closing Date, the Company grants
the Representative&nbsp;the right of&nbsp;first&nbsp;refusal&nbsp;to act as sole advisor, investment bank, book-running manager and/or
placement agent, as applicable, at the Representative&rsquo;s sole discretion, for each and every public and private equity or debt financing
transaction or merger and acquisition transaction of the Company during such three (3) months period. The Company shall notify the Representative
of its intention to pursue any such offering or transaction, including the material terms thereof, by providing written notice thereof
to the Representative. If the Representative fails to accept in writing any such proposal for such public offering within five (5) Business
Days after receipt of a written notice in accordance with this Section 3.25 from the Company, then the Representative will have no claim
or right with respect to any such offering or transaction contained in any such notice. If, thereafter, such proposal is modified in
any material respect, the Company will adopt the same procedure as with respect to the original proposed offering or transaction and
the Representative shall have the right of&nbsp;first&nbsp;refusal&nbsp;with respect to such revised proposal. The Representative shall
not have more than one opportunity to waive or terminate the right of first refusal in consideration of any payment or fee. The terms
and conditions of any such engagements shall be set forth in separate agreements and may be subject to, among other things, satisfactory
completion of due diligence by the Representative, market conditions, the absence of a material adverse change to the Company&rsquo;s
business, financial condition and prospects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.26
<U>Tail Financing</U>. Following the Closing Date, for a period of twelve (12) months after such Closing Date, the Representative shall
be entitled to a cash fee equal to four percent (4.0%) of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the sale of any equity, debt
and/or equity derivative instruments to any investor actually introduced by the Representative to the Company provided that such&nbsp;Tail
Financing&nbsp;is by a party actually introduced to the Company in an offering in which the Company has direct knowledge of such party&rsquo;s
participation, and provided further that in the event Representative&rsquo;s services are terminated by the Company for cause, the&nbsp;Tail
Financing&nbsp;shall not survive such termination in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(5).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.
<U>Conditions of Underwriters&rsquo; Obligations</U>. The obligations of the Underwriters to purchase and pay for the Securities, as
provided herein, shall be subject to (i) the continuing accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company as of the date
hereof and as of the Closing Date; (ii) the accuracy of the statements of officers of the Company made pursuant to the provisions hereof;
(iii) the performance by the Company of its obligations, covenants and agreements hereunder; and (iv) the following conditions:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1
<U>Regulatory Matters</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1.1.
<U>Effectiveness of Registration Statement; Rule 430A Information</U>. The Registration Statement has become effective not later than
5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the date of this Agreement or such later date and time as shall be consented to in writing by you, and, at
each of the Closing Date, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto
has been issued under the Securities Act, no order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus has
been issued and no proceedings for any of those purposes have been instituted or are pending or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, contemplated
by the Commission. The Company has complied with each request (if any) from the Commission for additional information. The Prospectus
containing the Rule 430A Information shall have been filed with the Commission in the manner and within the time frame required by Rule
424(b) (without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8)) or a post-effective amendment providing such information shall have been filed with, and
declared effective by, the Commission in accordance with the requirements of Rule 430A.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1.2.
<U>FINRA Clearance</U>. On or before the date of this Agreement, the Representative shall have received clearance from FINRA as to the
amount of compensation allowable or payable to the Underwriters as described in the Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.2
<U>Company Counsel Matters</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.2.1.
<U>Closing Date Opinion of Counsel</U>. On the Closing Date, the Representative shall have received the favorable opinion of Dorsey &amp;
Whitney LLP, counsel to the Company, and a written statement providing certain &ldquo;10b-5&rdquo; negative assurances, dated the Closing
Date and addressed to the Representative, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representative and LB.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.3
<U>Comfort Letters</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.3.1.
<U>Cold Comfort Letter</U>. At the time this Agreement is executed you shall have received a cold comfort letter from the Auditor containing
statements and information of the type customarily included in accountants&rsquo; comfort letters with respect to the financial statements
and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, addressed
to the Representative and in form and substance satisfactory in all respects to you and LB, dated as of the date of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.3.2.
<U>Bring-down Comfort Letter</U>. At the Closing Date, the Representative shall have received from the Auditor a letter, in form and
substance reasonably satisfactory to you and LB, dated as of the Closing Date, to the effect that the Auditor reaffirms the statements
made in the letter furnished pursuant to Section 4.3.1.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.4
<U>Officers&rsquo; Certificates</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.4.1.
<U>Officers&rsquo; Certificate</U>. The Company shall have furnished to the Representative a certificate, dated the Closing Date, of
its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer stating that (i) such officers have carefully examined the Registration Statement,
the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and, in their opinion, the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto, as of
the Applicable Time and as of the Closing Date, did not include any untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit to state a material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and the Pricing Disclosure Package, as
of the Applicable Time and as of the Closing Date, the Prospectus and each amendment or supplement thereto, as of the respective date
thereof and as of the Closing Date, did not include any untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit to state a material fact
necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading, (ii) since
the Effective Date of the Registration Statement, no event has occurred which should have been set forth in a supplement or amendment
to the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, (iii) to the best of their knowledge after reasonable
investigation, as of the Closing Date, the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct in all
material respects (except for those representations and warranties qualified as to materiality, which shall be true and correct in all
respects, and except for those representations and warranties which refer to facts existing at a specific date, which shall be true and
correct as of such date) and the Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or
satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing Date, (iv) there has not been, subsequent to the date of the most recent audited financial
statements included or incorporated by reference in the Pricing Disclosure Package, any material adverse change in the financial position
or results of operations of the Company, or any change or development that, singularly or in the aggregate, would involve a material
adverse change or a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations,
business, assets or prospects of the Company, except as set forth in the Prospectus, and (v) with respect to such other matters as the
Representative may reasonably require.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.4.2.
<U>Secretary&rsquo;s Certificate</U>. At each of the Closing Date, the Representative shall have received a certificate of the Company
signed by the Secretary of the Company, dated the Closing Date, certifying: (i) that each of the Charter and Bylaws is true and complete,
has not been modified and is in full force and effect; (ii) that the resolutions of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors relating to
the Offering are in full force and effect and have not been modified; (iii) as to the accuracy and completeness of all correspondence
between the Company or its counsel and the Commission; and (iv) as to the incumbency of the officers of the Company. The documents referred
to in such certificate shall be attached to such certificate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.5
<U>No Material Adverse Changes</U>. No event or condition of a type described in Section 2.13 hereof shall have occurred or shall exist,
which event or condition is not described in the Pricing Disclosure Package (excluding any amendment or supplement thereto) and the Prospectus
(excluding any amendment or supplement thereto) and the effect of which in the judgment of the Representative makes it impracticable
or inadvisable to proceed with the Offering, sale or delivery of the Securities on the Closing Date, on the terms and in the manner contemplated
by this Agreement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.6
<U>Delivery of Agreements</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.6.1.
<U>Lock-Up Agreements</U>. On or before the date of this Agreement, the Company shall have delivered to the Representative executed copies
of the Lock-Up Agreements from each of the Persons listed in <U>Schedule III</U> hereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.7
<U>Good Standing</U>. On the Closing Date, the Representative shall have received satisfactory evidence of the good standing of the Company
in its respective jurisdiction of organization in writing or any standard form of telecommunication from the appropriate Governmental
Entity of such jurisdictions as of a date no earlier than five (5) Business Days prior to the Closing Date, or, for any such jurisdiction
in which evidence of good standing may not be obtained from appropriate Governmental Entities, in the form of an opinion of counsel licensed
in the applicable jurisdiction.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.8
<U>Additional Documents</U>. At the Closing Date, Representative shall have been furnished with such documents and opinions as they may
require in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations or warranties, or the fulfillment of any of the conditions, herein
contained; and all proceedings taken by the Company in connection with the issuance and sale of the Securities as herein contemplated
shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Representative and LB.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
any condition specified in this Section 4 is not satisfied when and as required to be satisfied, this Agreement may be terminated by
the Representative by written notice to the Company at any time on or prior to the Closing Date, which termination shall be without liability
on the part of any party to any other party, except that Section 3 (with respect to the reimbursement of out-of-pocket accountable, bona
fide expenses actually incurred by the Representative) and Section 5 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.
<U>Indemnification</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.1
<U>Indemnification of the Underwriters</U>. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter and its partners, members
and affiliates, and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents, and each Person, if any, who controls such Underwriter
within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, from and against any and all losses, claims,
damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, legal fees and other expenses incurred in connection with any loss, claim, damage,
liability, litigation, investigation, suit, action or proceeding (whether or not such Indemnified Person (as defined below) is a party
thereto), whether commenced or threatened, and in connection with the enforcement of this provision with respect to any of the above,
in each case, as such fees and expenses are incurred), joint or several, that arise out of, or are based upon, (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement
or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to
make the statements therein, not misleading, or (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in
the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Preliminary Prospectus, any Pricing Disclosure Package (including any Pricing
Disclosure Package that has subsequently been amended), any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication (as from time to time each may be
amended and supplemented), any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection
with the marketing of the Offering, including any &ldquo;road show&rdquo; or investor presentations made to investors by the Company
(whether in person or electronically), or any application or other document or written communication executed by the Company or based
upon written information furnished by the Company in any jurisdiction in order to qualify the Securities under the securities laws thereof
or filed with the Commission, any state securities commission or agency, the Exchange or any other national securities exchange, or caused
by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in each case except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities
arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in
conformity with any information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representative
expressly for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of Underwriter
Information.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.2
<U>Indemnification of the Company</U>. Each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company,
its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each Person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning
of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense
described in the foregoing indemnity from the Company to the several Underwriters, as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements
or omissions made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, or any amendment or supplement thereto or
in any application, in reliance upon, and in strict conformity with, the Underwriters&rsquo; Information.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.3
<U>Notice and Procedures</U>. If any suit, action, proceeding (including any governmental or regulatory investigation), claim or demand
shall be brought or asserted against any person in respect of which indemnification may be sought pursuant to the preceding paragraphs
of this Section 5, such person (the &ldquo;<B>Indemnified Person</B>&rdquo;) shall promptly notify the person against whom such indemnification
may be sought (the &ldquo;<B>Indemnifying Person</B>&rdquo;) in writing; provided that the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person
shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have under the preceding paragraphs of this Section 5 except to the extent that it
has been materially prejudiced (through the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses) by such failure; and provided, further, that
the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have to an Indemnified Person otherwise
than under the preceding paragraphs of this Section 5. If any such proceeding shall be brought or asserted against an Indemnified Person
and it shall have notified the Indemnifying Person thereof, the Indemnifying Person shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the
Indemnified Person (who shall not, without the consent of the Indemnified Person, be counsel to the Indemnifying Person) to represent
the Indemnified Person and any others entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Section 5 that the Indemnifying Person may designate
in such proceeding and shall pay the fees and expenses in such proceeding and shall pay the fees and expenses of such counsel related
to such proceeding, as incurred. In any such proceeding, any Indemnified Person shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the
fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Person unless (i) the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified
Person shall have mutually agreed to the contrary; (ii) the Indemnifying Person has failed within a reasonable time to retain counsel
reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person; (iii) the Indemnified Person shall have reasonably concluded that there may be legal
defenses available to it that are different from or in addition to those available to the Indemnifying Person; or (iv) the named parties
in any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person and representation
of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them. It is understood
and agreed that the Indemnifying Person shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceeding in the same jurisdiction,
be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local counsel) for all Indemnified Persons, and
that all such fees and expenses shall be paid or reimbursed as they are incurred. Any such separate firm for any Underwriter, its affiliates,
directors and officers and any control persons of such Underwriter shall be designated in writing by the Representative and any such
separate firm for the Company, its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and any control persons of the Company
shall be designated in writing by the Company. The Indemnifying Person shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected
without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the Indemnifying Person
agrees to indemnify each Indemnified Person from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding
the foregoing sentence, if at any time an Indemnified Person shall have requested that an Indemnifying Person reimburse the Indemnified
Person for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by this paragraph, the Indemnifying Person shall be liable for any settlement
of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 45 days after receipt by the
Indemnifying Person of such request and (ii) the Indemnifying Person shall not have reimbursed the Indemnified Person in accordance with
such request prior to the date of such settlement. No Indemnifying Person shall, without the written consent of the Indemnified Person,
effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Person is or could have been a party
and indemnification could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Person, unless such settlement (x) includes an unconditional
release of such Indemnified Person, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person, from all liability on claims
that are the subject matter of such proceeding and (y) does not include any statement as to or any admission of fault, culpability or
a failure to act by or on behalf of any Indemnified Person.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.4
<U>Contribution</U>. If the indemnification provided for in this Section 5 shall for any reason be unavailable to or insufficient to
hold harmless an Indemnified Person under Section 5.1 or 5.2 in respect of any loss, claim, damage or liability, or any action in respect
thereof, referred to therein, then each Indemnifying Person shall, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Person, contribute to the
amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person as a result of such loss, claim, damage or liability, or action in respect thereof,
(i) in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters,
on the other, from the Offering of the Securities, or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable
law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative
fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, with respect to the statements or omissions that resulted
in such loss, claim, damage or liability, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative
benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters on the other, shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions
as the net proceeds (before deducting expenses) received by the Company from the sale of the Securities and the total underwriting discounts
and commissions received by the Underwriters in connection therewith, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover of the Prospectus,
bear to the aggregate offering price of the Securities. The relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters on the
other, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or
the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or by the Underwriters and the
parties&rsquo; relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.5
<U>Limitation on Liability</U>. The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant
to this Section 5 were determined by <I>pro rata</I> allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose)
or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in Section 5.4. The amount
paid or payable by an Indemnified Person as a result of the losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to in Section 5.4 shall
be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any legal or other expenses incurred by such Indemnified Person in
connection with any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 5, in no event shall an Underwriter be required
to contribute an amount in excess of $500,000 as a result of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission.
No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to
contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters&rsquo; obligations to contribute
pursuant to this Section 5 are several in proportion to their respective purchase obligations hereunder and not joint.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.6
<U>Non-Exclusive Remedies</U>. The remedies provided for in Sections 5.1 through 5.5 are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights
or remedies which may otherwise be available to any Indemnified Person at law or in equity.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.7
<U>Representations, Warranties, Agreements to Survive</U>. The indemnity and contribution provisions contained in this Section 5 and
the representations, warranties and agreements of the Company contained in this Agreement or in certificates of officers of the Company
submitted pursuant hereto, shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (i) any termination of this Agreement pursuant
to Section 7, (ii) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter, any person controlling any Underwriter or any affiliate
of any Underwriter, or the Company, its officers or directors or any person controlling the Company and (iii) acceptance of and payment
for any of the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.
<U>Default by an Underwriter</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
on the Closing Date, any Underwriter shall fail to purchase and pay for the portion of the Shares, which such Underwriter has agreed
to purchase and pay for on such date (otherwise than by reason of any default on the part of the Company), the Representative, or if
the Representative is the defaulting Underwriter, the non-defaulting Underwriters, shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to
procure within 36 hours thereafter one or more of the other Underwriters, or any others, to purchase from the Company such amounts as
may be agreed upon and upon the terms set forth herein, the Shares, which the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters failed to purchase.
If during such 36 hours the Representative shall not have procured such other Underwriters, or any others, to purchase the Shares, as
the case may be, agreed to be purchased by the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters, then:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.1
<U>Default Not Exceeding 10% of Shares</U>. If the aggregate number of the Shares with respect to which such default shall occur does
not exceed 10% of the Shares covered hereby, the other Underwriters shall be obligated, severally, in proportion to the respective numbers
of Shares which they are obligated to purchase hereunder, to purchase the Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters failed
to purchase.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.2
<U>Default Exceeding 10% of Shares</U>. If the aggregate number of Shares with respect to which such default shall occur exceeds 10%
of the Shares covered hereby, the Company or the Representative will have the right to terminate this Agreement without liability on
the part of the non-defaulting Underwriters or of the Company except to the extent provided in Section 5 hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.3
<U>Postponement of Closing Date</U>. In the event that the Shares to which the default relates are to be purchased by the non-defaulting
Underwriters, or are to be purchased by another party or parties as aforesaid, the non-defaulting Representative or the Company shall
have the right to postpone the Closing Date for a reasonable period, but not in any event exceeding five (5) Business Days, in order
to effect whatever changes may thereby be made necessary in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus
or in any other documents and arrangements, and the Company agrees to file promptly any amendment to the Registration Statement, the
Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus that in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriter may thereby be made necessary. The term
&ldquo;Underwriter&rdquo; includes any Person substituted for a defaulting Underwriter. Nothing contained in this Section 6 shall relieve
a defaulting Underwriter of any liability it may have to the Company or any non-defaulting Underwriter for damages caused by its default.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.
<U>Termination</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.1
<U>Termination Right</U>. The Representative shall have the right to terminate this Agreement at any time prior to any Closing Date,
(i) if any domestic or international event or act or occurrence has materially disrupted, or in your opinion will in the immediate future
materially disrupt, general securities markets in the United States; or (ii) if trading on the New York Stock Exchange or The Nasdaq
Stock Market LLC (&ldquo;Nasdaq&rdquo;) shall have been suspended or materially limited, or minimum or maximum prices for trading
shall have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices for securities shall have been required by FINRA or by order of the Commission or
any other government authority having jurisdiction; or (iii) if the United States shall have become involved in a new war or an increase
in major hostilities; or (iv) if a banking moratorium has been declared by a New York State or federal authority; or (v) if a moratorium
on foreign exchange trading has been declared which materially adversely impacts the United States securities markets; or (vi) if,
the Company shall have sustained a material loss by fire, flood, accident, hurricane, earthquake, theft, sabotage or other calamity
or malicious act which, whether or not such loss shall have been insured, will, in your opinion, make it inadvisable to proceed with
the delivery of the Securities; or (vii) if the Company is in material breach of any of its representations, warranties or covenants
hereunder; or (viii) if, aside from the Company&rsquo;s receipt of a delisting notification from Nasdaq and provided that the Company
has timely submitted its request for a hearing before a Nasdaq Hearings Panel and payment of the requisite $20,000 hearing fee, the Representative
shall have become aware after the date hereof of such a material adverse change in the conditions or prospects of the Company, or such
adverse material change in general market conditions as in the Representative&rsquo;s judgment would make it impracticable to proceed
with the offering, sale and/or delivery of the Securities or to enforce contracts made by the Underwriters for the sale of the Securities. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.2
<U>Expenses</U>. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, except in the case of a default by the Underwriters, pursuant
to Section 6.2 above, in the event that this Agreement shall not be carried out for any reason whatsoever, within the time specified
herein or any extensions thereof pursuant to the terms herein, the Company shall be obligated to pay to the Representative their actual
and accountable out-of-pocket expenses related to the transactions contemplated herein then due and payable ($45,000 of which has been
paid prior to the date hereof). Notwithstanding the foregoing, any advance received by the Representative will be reimbursed to the Company
to the extent not actually incurred in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(4)(A).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.
<U>Miscellaneous</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.1
<U>Notices</U>. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in
writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (i) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is
delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or e-mail attachment at the email address set forth on the signature pages attached hereto
at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Business Day, (ii) the next Business Day after the time of transmission, if such notice
or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or e-mail attachment at the e-mail address as set forth on the signature
pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Business Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Business Day, (iii) the
second (2nd) Business Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (iv) upon
actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as
set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.2
<U>Headings</U>. The headings contained herein are for the sole purpose of convenience of reference, and shall not in any way limit or
affect the meaning or interpretation of any of the terms or provisions of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.3
<U>Amendment</U>. This Agreement may only be amended by a written instrument executed by each of the parties hereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.4
<U>Waiver, etc</U>. The failure of any of the parties hereto to at any time enforce any of the provisions of this Agreement shall not
be deemed or construed to be a waiver of any such provision, nor to in any way effect the validity of this Agreement or any provision
hereof or the right of any of the parties hereto to thereafter enforce each and every provision of this Agreement. No waiver of any breach,
non-compliance or non-fulfillment of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be effective unless set forth in a written instrument
executed by the party or parties against whom or which enforcement of such waiver is sought; and no waiver of any such breach, non-compliance
or non-fulfillment shall be construed or deemed to be a waiver of any other or subsequent breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.5
<U>Entire Agreement</U>. This Agreement (together with the other agreements and documents being delivered pursuant to or in connection
with this Agreement) constitutes the entire agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof, and
supersedes all prior agreements and understandings of the parties, oral and written, with respect to the subject matter hereof. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary set forth herein, it is understood and agreed by the parties hereto that all other terms and conditions of that
certain engagement letter between the Company and the Representative, dated February 10, 2025 and as amended on February 28, 2025, shall
remain in full force and effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.6
<U>Binding Effect</U>. This Agreement shall inure solely to the benefit of and shall be binding upon the Representative, the Underwriters,
the Company and the controlling persons, directors and officers referred to in Section 5 hereof, and their respective successors, legal
representatives, heirs and assigns, and no other Person shall have or be construed to have any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim
under or in respect of or by virtue of this Agreement or any provisions herein contained. The term &ldquo;successors and assigns&rdquo;
shall not include a purchaser, in its capacity as such, of securities from any of the Underwriters.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.7
<U>Severability</U>. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to
be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall
remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially
reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated
by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would
have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared
invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.8
<U>Governing Law; Consent to Jurisdiction; Trial by Jury</U>. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance
with the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to conflict of laws principles thereof. The Company hereby agrees that
any action, proceeding or claim against it arising out of, or relating in any way to this Agreement shall be brought and enforced in
the New York Supreme Court, County of New York, or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and irrevocably
submits to such jurisdiction, which jurisdiction shall be exclusive. The Company hereby waives any objection to such exclusive jurisdiction
and that such courts represent an inconvenient forum. Any such process or summons to be served upon the Company may be served by transmitting
a copy thereof by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, addressed to it at the address set forth in
Section 8.1 hereof. Such mailing shall be deemed personal service and shall be legal and binding upon the Company in any action, proceeding
or claim. The Company agrees that the prevailing party(ies) in any such action shall be entitled to recover from the other party(ies)
all of its reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and expenses relating to such action or proceeding and/or incurred in connection with the
preparation therefor. The Company (on its behalf and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, on behalf of its stockholders and affiliates)
and each of the Underwriters hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial
by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.9
<U>Counterparts</U>. This Agreement may be executed by any one or more of the parties hereto in any number of counterparts, each of which
shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument. Counterparts may
be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including any electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform
Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission
method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>[Signature
Page Follows]</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please sign and return to us, and upon the acceptance hereof by you, on behalf
of each of the Underwriters, this letter and such acceptance hereof shall constitute a binding agreement between each of the Underwriters
and the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SHUTTLE PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Anatoly Dritschilo</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 204pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Address
for Notice:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shuttle
Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">401
Professional Drive, Suite 260</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gaithersburg,
MD 20879Facsimile: N/A</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Email:
anatoly.dritschilo@shuttlepharma.org</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attention:
Dr. Anatoly Dritschilo</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Copy
to (which shall not constitute notice):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dorsey
&amp; Whitney LLP</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">51
West 52<SUP>nd</SUP> Street</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
York, NY 10019&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Facsimile:
N/A</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Email:
penick.megan@dorsey.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attention:
Megan J. Penick, Esq.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[SIGNATURE
PAGE]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SHUTTLE
PHARMACEUTICALS &ndash; UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Confirmed
as of the date first written above mentioned, on behalf of itself and as Representative of the several Underwriters named in <U>Schedule
I</U> hereto:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">WESTPARK CAPITAL, INC.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Richard Rappaport</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Address
for Notice:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1800
Century Park East, Suite 220</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Los
Angeles, CA 90067</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Facsimile:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Email:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attention:
Rick Rappaport</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Copy
to (which shall not constitute notice):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lucosky&nbsp;Brookman
LLP</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101
Wood Avenue South, 5th Floor</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Woodbridge,
NJ 08330</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fax
No.:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">E-Mail:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attention:
Joseph M.&nbsp;Lucosky, Esq.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[SIGNATURE
PAGE]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SHUTTLE
PHARMACEUTICALS &ndash; UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>SCHEDULE
I</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Underwriter</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Number of</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Shares</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Number of</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Pre-Funded Warrants</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Purchase Price (after discounts)</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>($)</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; text-align: left">WestPark Capital, Inc.</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">TOTAL</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>SCHEDULE
II-A</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Pricing
Information</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Number
of Shares:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Number
of Pre-Funded Warrants:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Public
Offering Price per Share:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Public
Offering per Pre-Funded Warrant:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Underwriting
Discount per Share:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Underwriting
Discount per Pre-Funded Warrant:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proceeds
to Company per Share:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proceeds
to Company per Pre-Funded Warrant (before expenses):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>SCHEDULE
II-B</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Written
Testing-the-Waters Communications</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>SCHEDULE
III</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>List
of Lock-Up Parties</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Anatoly
Dritschilo</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Timothy
J. Lorber</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Michael
Vander Hoek</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Peter
Dritschilo</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mira
Jung</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Tyvin
Rich</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Steve
Richards</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">George
Scorsis</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Oley
Nabyt</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joseph
Tung</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>EXHIBIT
A</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Lock-Up
Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March
</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[*], 2025</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">WestPark
Capital, Inc.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1800
Century Park East, Suite 220</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Los
Angeles, CA 90077</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
Representative of the several Underwriters named in Schedule I to the Underwriting Agreement referenced below</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ladies
and Gentlemen:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned understands that you, as representative (the &ldquo;<B>Representative</B>&rdquo;), propose to enter into an underwriting
agreement (the &ldquo;<B>Underwriting Agreement</B>&rdquo;) on behalf of the several Underwriters named in Schedule I to such agreement
(collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Underwriters</B>&rdquo;), with Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<B>Company</B>&rdquo;),
providing for a public offering (the &ldquo;<B>Public Offering</B>&rdquo;) of shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.00001
per share (the &ldquo;<B>Common Stock</B>&rdquo;) and/or Pre-Funded Warrants in lieu thereof (collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Securities</B>&rdquo;),
pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
consideration of the agreement by the Underwriters to offer and sell the Securities, and of other good and valuable consideration the
receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned agrees that, during the period beginning from the date of this
agreement (this &ldquo;<B>Lock-Up Agreement</B>&rdquo;) and continuing to and including the date 60 days after the date set forth on
the final prospectus (the &ldquo;<B>Prospectus</B>&rdquo;) used to sell the Securities in the Public Offering (the &ldquo;<B>Lock-Up
Period</B>&rdquo;), the undersigned shall not, and shall not cause or direct any of its affiliates to, (i) offer, sell, contract to sell,
pledge, grant any option to purchase, lend or otherwise dispose of any shares of Common Stock of the Company, or any options or warrants
to purchase any shares of Common Stock of the Company, or any securities convertible into, exchangeable for or that represent the right
to receive shares of Common Stock of the Company (such options, warrants or other securities, collectively, &ldquo;<B>Derivative Instruments</B>&rdquo;),
including without limitation any such shares or Derivative Instruments now owned or hereafter acquired by the undersigned, (ii) engage
in any hedging or other transaction or arrangement (including, without limitation, any short sale or the purchase or sale of, or entry
into, any put or call option, or combination thereof, forward, swap or any other derivative transaction or instrument, however described
or defined) which is designed to or which reasonably could be expected to lead to or result in a sale, loan, pledge or other disposition
(whether by the undersigned or someone other than the undersigned), or transfer of any of the economic consequences of ownership, in
whole or in part, directly or indirectly, of any shares of Common Stock of the Company or Derivative Instruments, whether any such transaction
or arrangement (or instrument provided for thereunder) would be settled by delivery of Common Stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise
(any such sale, loan, pledge or other disposition, or transfer of economic consequences, a &ldquo;<B>Transfer</B>&rdquo;), (iii) make
any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any shares of Common Stock or Derivative Instruments or (iv)
otherwise publicly announce any intention to engage in any of the foregoing. The undersigned represents and warrants that the undersigned
is not, and has not caused or directed any of its affiliates to be or become, currently a party to any agreement or arrangement that
provides for, is designed to or which reasonably could be expected to lead to or result in any Transfer during the Lock-Up Period.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the undersigned is not a natural person, the undersigned represents and warrants that no single natural person, entity or &ldquo;group&rdquo;
(within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Exchange Act</B>&rdquo;)),
other than a natural person, entity or &ldquo;group&rdquo; (as described above) that has executed a Lock-Up Agreement in substantially
the same form as this Lock-Up Agreement, beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the common equity interests, or 50%
or more of the voting power, in the undersigned.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the undersigned may (a) transfer any of the undersigned&rsquo;s shares of Common Stock without the consent of the Representative:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.35in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">in transactions consisting
    of shares of Common Stock or such Derivative Instruments that the undersigned may purchase (A) from the Underwriters in the Public
    Offering or (B) in open market transactions after the date set forth on the cover of the Prospectus;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">as a bona fide gift or
    charitable contribution;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to an immediate family
    member or a trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or such immediate family member of the undersigned;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">by will or intestacy; provided
    that no public filing, report or announcement shall be voluntarily made and, if required, any public report or filing under Section
    16 of the Exchange Act, shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that the filing relates to the transfer of shares by will
    or intestacy;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">pursuant to a domestic
    relations order, divorce decree or court order; provided that no public filing, report or announcement shall be voluntarily made
    and, if required, any public report or filing under Section 16 of the Exchange Act shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto
    that the filing relates to the transfer of shares pursuant to a domestic relations order, divorce decree or court order;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(vi)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">if the undersigned is a
    corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity, (A) to another corporation, partnership, limited
    liability company, trust or other business entity that is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act
    of 1933, as amended) of the undersigned, or to any investment fund or other entity controlling, controlled by, managing or managed
    by or under common control with the undersigned or affiliates of the undersigned (including, for the avoidance of doubt, where the
    undersigned is a partnership, to its general partner or a successor partnership or fund, or any other funds managed by such partnership),
    or (B) as part of a distribution to members or shareholders of the undersigned;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(vii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">if the undersigned is a
    trust, to a trustor or beneficiary of the trust or to the estate of a beneficiary of such trust;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(viii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to the Company in connection
    with the repurchase of the undersigned&rsquo;s shares in connection with the termination of the undersigned&rsquo;s employment with
    the Company pursuant to contractual agreements with the Company; provided that no public filing, report or announcement shall be
    voluntarily made and, if required, any public report or filing under Section 16 of the Exchange Act shall clearly indicate in the
    footnotes thereto that the filing relates to the transfer of shares from the repurchase of the undersigned&rsquo;s shares in connection
    with the termination of the undersigned&rsquo;s employment with the Company pursuant to contractual agreements with the Company;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.35in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ix)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">through the disposition
    or forfeiture of the undersigned&rsquo;s shares to the Company to satisfy any income, employment or tax withholding and remittance
    obligations of the undersigned or the employer of the undersigned in connection with the vesting of restricted stock, restricted
    stock units or other incentive awards settled in shares of Common Stock held by the undersigned; provided that such restricted stock,
    restricted stock units or other incentive awards were granted under a stock incentive plan, stock purchase plan or pursuant to a
    contractual employment arrangement described in the Prospectus; provided further that no public filing, report or announcement shall
    be voluntarily made and, if required, any public filing, report or announcement, including under Section 16 of the Exchange Act,
    shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that the filing relates to the transfer of shares through the disposition or forfeiture
    of the undersigned&rsquo;s shares to the Company to satisfy any income, employment or tax withholding and remittance obligations
    of the undersigned or the employer of the undersigned in connection with the vesting of restricted stock, restricted stock units
    or other incentive awards settled in shares held by the undersigned; provided further that any underlying Common Stock or Derivative
    Instruments shall continue to be subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Lock-Up Agreement;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(x)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to the Company through
    the exercise of a stock option granted under a stock incentive plan or stock purchase plan or a warrant described in the Prospectus
    by the undersigned, and the receipt by the undersigned from the Company of shares of Common Stock upon any such exercise; provided
    that the underlying shares shall continue to be subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Lock-Up Agreement; provided
    further that no public filing, report or announcement shall be voluntarily made and, if required, any public filing, report or announcement,
    including under Section 16 of the Exchange Act, shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that the filing relates to the exercise
    of a stock option or warrant;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(xi)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">pursuant to a bona fide
    third party tender offer for all outstanding Common Stock of the Company, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction involving
    a Change of Control of the Company and approved by the Company&rsquo;s board of directors; provided that, if such Change of Control
    transaction is not completed, this clause (a)(xi) shall not be applicable and the undersigned&rsquo;s shares shall remain subject
    to the restrictions contained in this Lock-Up Agreement; or</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(xii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">in connection with any
    reclassification, repurchase, redemption, conversion or exchange of the Common Stock or outstanding preferred stock; provided that
    any securities of the Company received by the undersigned as a result will be subject to the restrictions set forth in this Lock-Up
    Agreement;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">or
(b) establish a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer of the undersigned&rsquo;s shares of Common
Stock; provided that (i) such plan does not provide for the transfer of shares during the Lock-Up Period and (ii) no public filing, report
or announcement shall be voluntarily made and, if required, such public announcement, report or filing shall include a statement to the
effect that no transfer of the undersigned&rsquo;s shares of Common Stock or Derivative Instruments may be made under such plan during
the Lock-Up Period.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, provided in the case of clauses (a)(ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi) and (vii) above, it shall be a condition to such transfer that
each transferee, donee or distributee sign and deliver a lock-up agreement substantially in the form of this Lock-Up Agreement, except
in the case of clauses (a)(iv) and (v) where a court of competent jurisdiction requires such transfer or distribution be made without
such a restriction; provided further that in the case of clauses (a)(i), (ii), (iii), (vi) and (vii) above, no filing under Section 16(a)
of the Exchange Act (other than a required Form 5 filing that includes a statement indicating the reason for such transfer and is filed
no earlier than 120 days following the date set forth on the Prospectus) or other public announcement, reporting a reduction in beneficial
ownership of the undersigned&rsquo;s shares of Common Stock, shall be required or shall be voluntarily made during the Lock-Up Period;
provided further in the case of clauses (a)(ii), (a)(iii), (a)(iv), (a)(vi) and (a)(vii), any such transfer shall not involve a disposition
for value.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
purposes of this Lock-Up Agreement, &ldquo;<B>immediate family</B>&rdquo; shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption,
not more remote than first cousin and &ldquo;<B>Change of Control</B>&rdquo; shall mean the transfer (whether by tender offer, merger,
consolidation or other similar transaction), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, to a person or group of affiliated
persons (other than an Underwriter pursuant to the Public Offering), of the Company&rsquo;s voting securities if, after such transfer,
such person or group of affiliated persons would hold more than 50% of the voting power represented by the outstanding securities of
the Company (or the surviving entity). For the avoidance of doubt, the Public Offering is not a Change of Control. The undersigned also
agrees and consents to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the Company&rsquo;s transfer agent and registrar against the transfer
of the undersigned&rsquo;s shares of Common Stock of the Company except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 37 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned acknowledges and agrees that none of the Underwriters has made any recommendation or provided any investment or other advice
to the undersigned with respect to this Lock-Up Agreement or the subject matter hereof, and the undersigned has consulted its own legal,
accounting, financial, regulatory, tax and other advisors with respect to this Lock-Up Agreement and the subject matter hereof to the
extent the undersigned has deemed appropriate. The undersigned understands that the Company and the Underwriters are relying upon this
Lock-Up Agreement in proceeding toward consummation of the Public Offering. The undersigned further understands that this Lock-Up Agreement
is irrevocable and shall be binding upon the undersigned&rsquo;s heirs, legal representatives, successors, and assigns.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary contained herein, this Lock-Up Agreement will automatically terminate and the undersigned will be released from
all of his, her or its obligations hereunder upon the earliest to occur, if any, of (i) prior to the execution of the Underwriting Agreement,
the Company advises the Representative in writing that it has determined not to proceed with the Public Offering, (ii) the Company files
an application to withdraw the registration statement related to the Public Offering, (iii) the Underwriting Agreement is executed but
is terminated (other than the provisions thereof which survive termination) prior to payment for and delivery of the Securities to be
sold thereunder, and (iv) March 31, 2025, if the Underwriting Agreement has not been executed by such date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned and the Representative hereby consent to receipt of this Lock-Up Agreement in electronic form and understand and agree that
this Lock-Up Agreement may be signed electronically. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission, electronic
mail, or otherwise by electronic transmission evidencing an intent to sign this Lock-Up Agreement (including any electronic signature
complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com), such facsimile transmission, electronic mail or other electronic
transmission shall create a valid and binding obligation of the undersigned with the same force and effect as if such signature were
an original. Execution and delivery of this Lock-Up Agreement by facsimile transmission, electronic mail or other electronic transmission
is legal, valid and binding for all purposes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Lock-Up Agreement and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Lock-Up Agreement shall be governed by and construed
in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[<I>Signature
page follows</I>]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Very
truly yours,</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>IF AN INDIVIDUAL:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>IF AN ENTITY:</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(duly authorized
    signature)</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(please print
    complete name of entity)</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 43%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(please print full name)</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(duly authorized signature)</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(please print full name)</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(please print full title)</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Address:</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">E-mail:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">E-mail:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>EXHIBIT
B</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Subsidiaries</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 72%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Name of
    Subsidiaries</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 26%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Jurisdiction</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-3.6
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ex3-6.htm
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
3.6</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>SHUTTLE
PHARMAceuticals holdings, inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
Under the Laws of the</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">State
of Delaware</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>THIRD
AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
I</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OFFICES</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shuttle
Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. (the &ldquo;Corporation&rdquo;) shall maintain a registered office in the State of Delaware. The Corporation
may also have other offices at such places, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to
time designate or the business of the Corporation may require.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
II</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">STOCKHOLDERS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
1. <U>Place of Meetings</U>. Meetings of the stockholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose shall be held on such
date, at such time and at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated from time to time by the
Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof. Only if so determined by the
Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, (a) stockholders may, by means of remote communication, participate in a meeting of stockholders
and be deemed present in person and vote thereat and/or (b) a meeting of stockholders may be held not at any place, but may instead be
held solely by means of remote communication, both as provided in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the &ldquo;DGCL&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
2. <U>Annual Meeting</U>. The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held on such date and at such time as shall be designated from
time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting, at which meeting the stockholders shall elect by a plurality
vote a Board of Directors and transact only such other business as is properly brought before the meeting in accordance with these By-Laws.
Notice of the annual meeting, stating the place (if any), date and hour of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by
which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, and the record date for determining
the stockholders entitled to vote and to receive notice of the meeting shall be given as permitted by law to each stockholder not less
than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
3. <U>Special&nbsp;Meetings</U>. Unless otherwise prescribed by law or the Certificate of Incorporation (such Certificate, as amended
from time to time, including resolutions adopted from time to time by the Board of Directors establishing the designation, rights, preferences
and other terms of any class or series of capital stock, the &ldquo;Certificate of Incorporation&rdquo;), special meetings of the stockholders
may be called only at the request of a majority of the Board of Directors by the Chairman of the Board, if any, the Chief Executive Officer,
if any, or the President of the Corporation. Notice of a Special Meeting stating the place, date and hour of the meeting, the means of
remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting,
the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote and to receive notice of the meeting, and the purpose or purposes for
which the meeting is called, shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each
stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. Only such business as is specified in the notice of special meeting shall come before such
meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
4. <U>Quorum</U>. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of shares of capital stock
issued and outstanding entitled to vote thereat representing at least one-third of the votes entitled to be cast thereat, present in
person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business. Whether
or not a quorum is present, the chairman of the meeting, or the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present or represented by proxy,
holding shares representing at least a majority of the votes so present or represented and entitled to be cast thereon, shall have the
power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting. At such adjourned meeting at which
a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally
noticed. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned
meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting. Once a quorum is once
present, it is not broken by the subsequent withdrawal of any stockholder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
5. <U>Appointment of Inspectors of Election</U>. The Board of Directors shall, in advance of sending to the stockholders any notice of
a meeting of the holders of any class of shares, appoint one or more inspectors of election (&ldquo;inspectors&rdquo;) to act at such
meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof and make a written report thereof. The Board of Directors may designate one or more
persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is so appointed or if no inspector
or alternate is able to act, the Chairman of the Board, or if none, the Secretary shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at such
meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of such inspector&rsquo;s duties, shall take and sign an oath to faithfully
execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of such inspector&rsquo;s ability. The inspectors
shall not be directors, officers or employees of the Corporation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
6. <U>Voting</U>. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, each stockholder of record of any class
or series of stock other than the common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, (the &ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;) of the Corporation shall
be entitled on each matter submitted to a vote at each meeting of stockholders to such number of votes for each share of such stock as
may be fixed in the Certificate of Incorporation, and each stockholder of record of Common Stock shall be entitled at each meeting of
stockholders to one vote for each share of such stock, in each case, registered in such stockholder&rsquo;s name on the books of the
Corporation on the date fixed pursuant to these By-Laws as the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of
and to vote at such meeting, or if no such record date shall have been so fixed, then at the close of business on the day next preceding
the day on which notice of such meeting is given, or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day
on which the meeting is held.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
stockholder entitled to vote at any meeting may vote either in person or by proxy duly appointed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
all meetings of stockholders all matters, except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, shall
be determined by the affirmative vote of the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy holding shares representing at least
a majority of the votes so present or represented and entitled to be cast thereon, and where a separate vote by class is required, a
majority of the votes represented by the shares of the stockholders of such class present in person or represented by proxy and entitled
to be cast thereon shall be the act of such class. Notwithstanding the immediately preceding sentence, the Board of Directors, when establishing
a matter to be voted at a meeting of stockholders, may establish a voting requirement greater than the voting requirement set forth in
the immediately preceding sentence with respect to such matter.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
vote on any matter, including the election of directors, shall be by written ballot, or, if authorized by the Board of Directors, in
its sole discretion, by electronic ballot given in accordance with a procedure set out in the notice of such meeting. Each ballot shall
state the number of shares voted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proxy
cards solicited by the Corporation or the Board of Directors shall be returned in envelopes addressed to the inspectors, any transfer
agent with respect to capital stock of the Corporation and/or any third party, as determined from time to time by the Board of Directors,
who shall receive, inspect and tabulate the proxies. Comments on proxies, consents or ballots shall be transcribed and provided to the
Secretary with the name and address of the stockholder. Nothing in this Article II shall prohibit the inspector from making available
to the Corporation, prior to, during or after any annual or special meeting, information as to which stockholders have not voted and
periodic status reports on the aggregate vote.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any action required to be taken at any annual or special
meeting of stockholders, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, may be taken without a meeting,
without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the
holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action
at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the Corporation by delivery
to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody
of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to the Corporation&rsquo;s registered office
in the State of Delaware shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
III</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DIRECTORS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
1. <U>Number;&nbsp;Resignation; Removal</U>. Except as otherwise required by the Certificate of Incorporation, the number of directors
which shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors, but at
no time shall be less than one (1). Except as provided in Section 3 of this Article III and in the Certificate of Incorporation, a nominee
for director shall be elected to the Board of Directors by a plurality of the votes cast at the annual meeting of stockholders. A director
may resign at any time upon notice to the Corporation. A director may be removed, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of holders
of shares of capital stock issued and outstanding entitled to vote at an election of directors representing at least a majority of the
votes entitled to be cast thereon.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
2. <U>Duties and Powers</U>. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors
which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Certificate
of Incorporation or by these By-Laws directed or required to be exercised or done solely by the stockholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
3. <U>Number, Term and Qualifications</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.95in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
The authorized number of directors of the corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors from time to time. Directors need not
be stockholders unless so required by the Board of Directors. If for any cause the directors shall not have been elected at an annual
meeting they may be elected as soon thereafter as convenient at a special meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose in the
manner provided in these bylaws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.95in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.95in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
Each director shall serve a term of one year, or until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her death,
resignation or removal. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent
director.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
4. <U>Vacancies</U>. Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may
be filled by a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though such number may be less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining
director, and the directors so elected shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are
duly elected and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal. If there are no directors in office, then an election of directors
may be held in the manner provided by the DGCL. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten
the term of any incumbent director.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
5. <U>Meetings</U>. The Board of Directors of the Corporation may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the
State of Delaware. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as may from time
to time be determined by the Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board,
the Chief Executive Officer, the President(s) or any director. Notice stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given
to each director either (i) by mail or courier not less than forty-eight (48) hours before the date of the meeting or (ii) by telephone,
telegram or facsimile or electronic transmission, not less than twenty-four (24) hours before the time of the meeting or on such shorter
notice as the person or persons calling such meeting may deem necessary or appropriate under the circumstances (provided that notice
of any meeting need not be given to any director who (i) submits a waiver of notice either before or after such meeting or (ii) attends
the meeting without protesting, at the beginning of such meeting, the lack of notice).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
6. <U>Quorum</U>. Except as may be otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, a majority of the entire
Board of Directors shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the vote of a majority of the directors
present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall constitute the act of the Board of Directors. Whether or not a quorum is present
at a meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the directors then present may adjourn the meeting to such time and place as they
may determine without notice other than an announcement at such meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
7. <U>Action&nbsp;Without&nbsp;a&nbsp;Meeting</U>. Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any
action required or permitted to be taken by the Board of Directors or any committee of the Board of Directors may be taken without a
meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or a committee thereof consent in writing or by electronic transmission and such writings
or transmission or transmissions are filed wth the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. The resolution and
the consents thereto in writing or by electronic transmission by the members of the Board of Directors or committee shall be filed with
the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Directors or such committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
8. <U>Participation&nbsp;by&nbsp;Telephone</U>. Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any one
or more members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee
by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment allowing all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other.
Participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
9. <U>Compensation</U>. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors
or any committee thereof and may be paid compensation as a director, committee member or chairman of any committee and for
attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof and each meeting of stockholders of the Corporation. No
such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefore or
entering into transactions otherwise permitted by the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-Laws or applicable law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
10. <U>Resignation</U>. Any director may resign at any time. Such resignation shall be made in writing or by electronic transmission
and shall take effect at the time specified therein, or, if no time be specified, at the time of its receipt by the Chairman of the Board,
if any, the Chief Executive Officer, if any, the President or the Secretary. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to
make it effective unless so specified therein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
IV</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">COMMITTEES</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
1. <U>Committees</U>. The Board of Directors may designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors
of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace
any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of any such committee. Any committee, to the extent allowed by law and provided in the
resolution establishing such committee or in these By-Laws, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of
Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, including the power to adopt a certificate of ownership and
merger pursuant to Section 253 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the authority to issue shares, and the authority to declare a
dividend, except as limited by Delaware General Corporation Law or other applicable law, but no such committee shall have the power or
authority in reference to the following matters: (i) approving or adopting, or recommending to the stockholders, any action or matter
expressly required by the Delaware General Corporation Law to be submitted to stockholders for approval or (ii) adopting, amending or
repealing any By-Law of the Corporation. All acts done by any committee within the scope of its powers and duties pursuant to these By-Laws
and the resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors shall be deemed to be, and may be certified as being, done or conferred under authority
of the Board of Directors. The Secretary or any Assistant Secretary is empowered to certify that any resolution duly adopted by any such
committee is binding upon the Corporation and to execute and deliver such certifications from time to time as may be necessary or proper
to the conduct of the business of the Corporation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
2. <U>Resignation</U>. Any member of a committee may resign at any time. Such resignation shall be made in writing or by electronic transmission
and shall take effect at the time specified therein, or, if no time be specified, at the time of its receipt by the Chairman of the Board,
or if none, by the Chief Executive Officer, President(s) or the Secretary. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to
make it effective unless so specified therein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
3. <U>Quorum</U>. A majority of the members of a committee shall constitute a quorum. The vote of a majority of the members of a committee
present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of such committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
4. <U>Record&nbsp;of&nbsp;Proceedings</U>. Each committee shall keep a record of its acts and proceedings, and shall report the same
to the Board of Directors when and as required by the Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
5. <U>Organization,&nbsp;Meetings,&nbsp;Notices</U>. A committee may hold its meetings at the principal office of the Corporation, or
at any other place upon which a majority of the committee may at any time agree. Each committee may make such rules as it may deem expedient
for the regulation and carrying on of its meetings and proceedings.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
V</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OFFICERS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
1. <U>General</U>. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected by the Board of Directors and shall consist of a President, a Secretary
and a Treasurer. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, may also elect and specifically identify as officers of the Corporation a
Chairman of the Board, a Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, a Controller, one or more vice presidents, assistant secretaries
and assistant treasurers, and such other officers and agents as in its judgment may be necessary or desirable. Any number of offices
may be held by the same person, unless otherwise prohibited by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws. The officers of
the Corporation need not be stockholders or directors of the Corporation. Any office named or provided for in this Article V (including,
without limitation, Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, President, Secretary, Treasurer and Controller)
may, at any time and from time to time, be held by one or more persons. Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, if an
office is held by more than one person, each person holding such office shall serve as a co-officer (with the appropriate corresponding
title) and shall have general authority, individually and without the need for any action by any other co-officer, to exercise all the
powers of the holder of such office of the Corporation specified in these By-Laws and shall perform such other duties and have such other
powers as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or such other officer specified in this Article&nbsp;V.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
2. <U>Election; Removal; Remuneration</U>. The Board of Directors at its first meeting held after each annual meeting of stockholders
shall elect the officers of the Corporation who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such
duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors and may elect additional officers and may fill vacancies among
the officers previously elected at any subsequent meeting of the Board of Directors; and all officers of the Corporation shall hold office
until their successors are chosen and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal. Any officer elected by the Board of Directors
may be removed at any time, either for or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
3. <U>Voting Securities Owned by the Corporation</U>. Powers of attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meetings, consents and other
instruments relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation by the Chairman
of the Board, if any, the Chief Executive Officer, if any, the President or the Secretary, and any such officer may, in the name and
on behalf of the Corporation, take all such action as any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting
of security holders of any corporation, company, partnership or other entity in which the Corporation may own securities, or to execute
written consents in lieu thereof, and at any such meeting, or in giving any such consent, shall possess and may exercise any and all
rights and powers incident to the ownership of such securities and which, as the owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised
and possessed if present. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
4. <U>Chairman of the Board</U>. The Chairman of the Board, if any, may be, but need not be, a person other than the Chief Executive
Officer or the President of the Corporation. The Chairman of the Board may be, but need not be, an officer or employee of the Corporation.
The Chairman of the Board shall preside at meetings of the Board of Directors and shall establish agendas for such meetings. In addition,
the Chairman of the Board shall assure that matters of significant interest to stockholders and the investment community are addressed
by management.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
5. <U>Chief Executive Officer</U>. The Chief Executive Officer, if any, shall, subject to the direction of the Board of Directors, have
general and active control of the affairs and business of the Corporation and general supervision of its officers, officials, employees
and agents. The Chief Executive Officer shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and shall preside at all meetings of the Board
of Directors and any committee thereof of which he is a member, unless the Board of Directors or such committee shall have chosen another
chairman. The Chief Executive Officer shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board are carried into effect, and in addition,
the Chief Executive Officer shall have all the powers and perform all the duties generally appertaining to the office of the chief executive
officer of a corporation. The Chief Executive Officer shall designate the person or persons who shall exercise his powers and perform
his duties in his absence or disability and the absence or disability of the President.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
6. <U>President</U>. The President shall have such powers and perform such duties as are prescribed by the Chief Executive Officer or
the Board of Directors, and in the absence or disability of the Chief Executive Officer, the President shall have the powers and perform
the duties of the Chief Executive Officer, except to the extent the Board of Directors shall have otherwise provided. In addition, the
President shall have such powers and perform such duties generally appertaining to the office of the president of a corporation, except
to the extent the Chief Executive Officer, if any, or the Board of Directors shall have otherwise provided.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
7. <U>Vice&nbsp;President</U>. The Vice Presidents of the Corporation shall perform such duties and have such powers as may, from time
to time, be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, if any, the President or these By-Laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
8. <U>Secretary</U>. Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, the Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors
and of the stockholders and, unless the Board of Directors appoints another person to perform such service(s), record all votes and the
minutes of all proceedings in a book to be kept for that purpose, and shall perform like duties for any committee appointed by the Board
of Directors. The Secretary shall keep in safe custody the seal of the Corporation and affix it to any instrument when so authorized
by the Board of Directors. The Secretary shall give or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of stockholders and special meetings
of the Board of Directors and shall perform generally all the duties usually appertaining to the office of secretary of a corporation
and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these By-Laws. The Board
of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing by his signature.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
9. <U>Assistant&nbsp;Secretary</U>. The Assistant Secretary shall be empowered and authorized to perform all of the duties of the Secretary
in the absence or disability of the Secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may be prescribed by
the Board of Directors, the Secretary or these By-Laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
10. <U>Chief Financial Officer</U>. The Chief Financial Officer, if any, shall have responsibility for the administration of the financial
affairs of the Corporation and shall exercise supervisory responsibility for the performance of the duties of the Treasurer and the Controller,
if any. The Chief Financial Officer shall render to the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so
requires, an account of all of the transactions effected by the Treasurer and the Controller and of the financial condition of the Corporation.
The Chief Financial Officer shall generally perform all the duties usually appertaining to the affairs of a chief financial officer of
a corporation and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these
By-Laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
11. <U>Treasurer</U>. The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall cause to be kept full and
accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all monies&nbsp;and other valuable
effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by persons authorized by the Board
of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers
for such disbursements, and shall render to the Chairman of the Board, if any, the Chief Executive Officer, if any, the President and
the Board of Directors whenever they may require it, an account of all of the transactions effected by the Treasurer and of the financial
condition of the Corporation. The Treasurer shall generally perform all duties appertaining to the office of treasurer of a corporation
and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer,
if any, the President or these By-Laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
12. <U>Assistant&nbsp;Treasurer</U>. The Assistant Treasurers shall be empowered and authorized to perform all the duties of the Treasurer
in the absence or disability of the Treasurer and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may be prescribed by
the Board of Directors, the Treasurer or these By-Laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
13. <U>Controller</U>. The Controller, if any, shall prepare and have the care and custody of the books of account of the Corporation.
The Controller shall keep a full and accurate account of all monies, received and paid on account of the Corporation, and shall render
a statement of the Controller&rsquo;s accounts whenever the Board of Directors shall require. The Controller shall generally perform
all the duties usually appertaining to the affairs of the controller of a corporation and shall perform such other duties and have such
other powers as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Financial Officer, if any, the President or these By-Laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
14. <U>Additional Powers and Duties</U>. In addition to the foregoing especially enumerated duties and powers, the several officers of
the Corporation shall perform such other duties and exercise such further powers as the Board of Directors may, from time to time, determine
or as may be assigned to them by any superior officer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
15. <U>Other Officers</U>. The Board of Directors may designate such other officers having such duties and powers as it may specify from
time to time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
VI</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CAPITAL
STOCK</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
1. <U>Form of Certificate; Uncertificated Shares</U>. The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that
the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock may be
uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered
to the Corporation. Every holder of stock in the Corporation represented by a certificate shall be entitled to have a certificate signed
in the name of the Corporation (i) by the Chairman of the Board, if any, the Chief Executive Officer, if any, the President or any Vice
President and (ii) by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, representing the number of
shares registered in certificate form. Except as otherwise provided by law or these By-Laws, the rights and obligations of the holders
of uncertificated shares and the rights and obligations of the holders of certificates representing stock of the same class and series
shall be identical.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
2. <U>Signatures</U>. Any signature required to be on a certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar
who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or
registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer
agent or registrar at the date of issue.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
3. <U>Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates</U>. The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate to be issued in place of any certificate
theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by
the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate, the Board
of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed
certificate, or his legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as the Board of Directors shall require and/or to give
the Corporation and/or its transfer agent a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against
the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
4. <U>Transfers</U>. Stock of the Corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by law and in these By-Laws. Transfers of
stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation only by the holder of record or by such person&rsquo;s attorney duly authorized,
and upon the surrender of properly endorsed certificates for a like number of shares (or, with respect to uncertificated shares, by delivery
of duly executed instructions or in any other manner permitted by applicable law).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
5. <U>Record Date</U>. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of
stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to express consent to corporate action, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend
or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange
of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be
more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other
action. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment
of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
6. <U>Beneficial Owners</U>. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of the person registered on its books
as the owner of a share to receive dividends and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered
on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or
shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by
law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
7. <U>Dividends</U>. Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or applicable law, dividends upon the capital stock
of the Corporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting, and may be paid in cash, in
property, or in shares of capital stock. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available
for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in its absolute discretion, deems proper as a reserve or
reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation or for any
proper purpose, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
8. <U>Common Stock</U>. The voting, dividend and liquidation rights of the holders of shares of Common Stock are subject to, and qualified
by, the rights of the holders of the preferred stock, if any, of the Corporation. Each share of Common Stock shall be treated identically
as all other shares of Common Stock with respect to dividends, distributions, rights in liquidation and in all other respects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
VII</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">INDEMNIFICATION</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
1. <U>Indemnification Respecting Third Party Claims</U>. The Corporation, to the full extent and in a manner permitted by Delaware law
as in effect from time to time, shall indemnify, in accordance with the provisions of this Article, any person (including the heirs,
executors, administrators or estate of any such person) who was or is made a party to or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened,
pending or completed action, suit or proceeding (including any appeal thereof), whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative
(other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation or by any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture,
trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise of which the Corporation owns, directly or indirectly through one or more other entities,
a majority of the voting power or otherwise possesses a similar degree of control), by reason of the fact that such person is or was
a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer,
member, manager, partner, trustee, fiduciary, employee or agent (a &ldquo;Subsidiary Officer&rdquo;) of another corporation, limited
liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise (any such entity for which a Subsidiary
Officer so serves, an &ldquo;Associated Entity&rdquo;), against expenses, including attorneys&rsquo; fees and disbursements, judgments,
fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding
if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful; <I>provided,
however</I>, that (i) the Corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify a person who is or was a director, officer employee or agent
of the Corporation or a Subsidiary Officer of an Associated Entity against expenses incurred in connection with an action, suit, proceeding
or investigation to which such person is threatened to be made a party but does not become a party unless the incurring of such expenses
was authorized by or under the authority of the Board of Directors and (ii)&nbsp;the Corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify
against any amount paid in settlement unless the Board of Directors has consented to such settlement. The termination of any action,
suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement or conviction or upon a plea of <U>nolo contendere</U> or its equivalent shall not,
of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person reasonably believed to be
in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, that such person
had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the foregoing provisions of
this Section 1, a person shall not be entitled, as a matter of right, to indemnification pursuant to this Section 1 against costs or
expenses incurred in connection with any action, suit or proceeding commenced by such person against the Corporation or any Associated
Entity or any person who is or was a director, officer, fiduciary, employee or agent of the Corporation or a Subsidiary Officer of any
Associated Entity (including, without limitation, any action, suit or proceeding commenced by such person to enforce such person&rsquo;s
rights under this Article, unless and only to the extent that such person is successful on the merits of such claim), but such indemnification
may be provided by the Corporation in a specific case as permitted by Section 7 below in this Article.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
2. <U>Indemnification Respecting Derivative Claims</U>. The Corporation, to the full extent and in a manner permitted by Delaware law
as in effect from time to time, shall indemnify, in accordance with the provisions of this Article, any person (including the heirs,
executors, administrators or estate of any such person) who was or is made a party to or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened,
pending or completed action or suit (including any appeal thereof) brought in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its
favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving
at the request of the Corporation as a Subsidiary Officer of an Associated Entity, against expenses (including attorneys&rsquo; fees
and disbursements) and costs actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action
or suit if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests
of the Corporation, except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall
have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless, and only to the extent that, the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in
which such action or suit was brought shall determine that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances
of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses and costs as the Court of Chancery or such
other court shall deem proper; provided, however, that the Corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify a director, officer, employee
or agent of the Corporation or a Subsidiary Officer of an Associated Entity against expenses incurred in connection with an action or
suit to which such person is threatened to be made a party but does not become a party unless the incurrence of such expenses was authorized
by or under the authority of the Board of Directors. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the foregoing provisions of this Section
2, a person shall not be entitled, as a matter of right, to indemnification pursuant to this Section 2 against costs and expenses incurred
in connection with any action or suit in the right of the Corporation commenced by such person, but such indemnification may be provided
by the Corporation in any specific case as permitted by Section 7 below in this Article.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
3. <U>Determination of Entitlement to Indemnification</U>. Any indemnification to be provided under either of Section 1 or 2 above in
this Article (unless ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction or advanced as provided in Section 5 of this Article) shall be made
by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification is proper under the circumstances
because the person to be indemnified had met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in such section of this Article. Such determination
shall be made, with respect to a person who is a director or officer of the Corporation at the time of such determination, (i) by a majority
vote of the directors who are not parties to the action, suit or proceeding in respect of which indemnification is sought, even though
less than a quorum, or (ii) by majority vote of the members of a committee composed of at least two directors each of whom is not a party
to such action, suit or proceeding, designated by majority vote of directors who are not parties to such action, suit or proceeding,
even though less than a quorum, or (iii) if there are no directors who are not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or if such
directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (iv) by action of the stockholders taken as permitted by law
and these By-Laws. Such determination shall be made, with respect to any other person, by such officer or officers of the Corporation
as the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee (if any) of the Board may designate, in accordance with any procedures that the
Board of Directors, the Executive Committee or such designated officer or officers may determine, or, if any such officer or officers
have not been so designated, by the Chief Legal Officer or the General Counsel of the Corporation. In the event a request for indemnification
is made by any person referred to in Section 1 or 2 above in this Article, the Corporation shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause
such determination to be made not later than sixty (60) days after such request is made after the final disposition of such action, suit
or proceeding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
4. <U>Right to Indemnification upon Successful Defense and for Service as a Witness</U>. (a) Notwithstanding any other provisions of
this Article, to the extent that a present or former director or officer has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of
any action, suit or proceeding referred to in either Section 1 or 2 above of this Article, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter
therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys&rsquo; fees and disbursements) and costs actually and
reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
To the extent any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or a Subsidiary Officer of an Associated
Entity has served or prepared to serve as a witness in, but is not a party to, any action, suit or proceeding (whether civil, criminal,
administrative, regulatory or investigative in nature), including any investigation by any legislative or regulatory body or by any securities
or commodities exchange of which the Corporation or an Associated Entity is a member or to the jurisdiction of which it is subject, by
reason of his or her services as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or his or her service as a Subsidiary Officer
of an Associated Entity (assuming such person is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a Subsidiary Officer of such Associated
Entity), the Corporation may indemnify such person against expenses (including attorneys&rsquo; fees and disbursements) and out-of-pocket
costs actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith and, if the Corporation has determined to so indemnify
such person, shall use its reasonable best efforts to provide such indemnity within sixty (60) days after receipt by the Corporation
of a statement requesting such indemnification, which request must set forth reasonable evidence of such expenses and costs; it being
understood, however, that the Corporation shall have no obligation under this Article to compensate such person for such person&rsquo;s
time or efforts so expended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
5. <U>Advance of Expenses</U>. (a) Expenses and costs incurred by any present or former director or officer of the Corporation in defending
a civil, criminal, administrative, regulatory or investigative action, suit or proceeding shall, to the extent permitted by law, be paid
by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking in writing by
or on behalf of such person to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified
in respect of such costs and expenses by the Corporation as authorized by this Article.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
Expenses and costs incurred by any other person referred to in Section 1 or 2 above in this Article in defending a civil, criminal, administrative,
regulatory or investigative action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action,
suit or proceeding as authorized by or under the authority of the Board of Directors upon receipt of an undertaking in writing by or
on behalf of such person to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified
by the Corporation in respect of such costs and expenses as authorized by this Article and subject to any limitations or qualifications
provided by or under the authority of the Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
6. <U>Notice of Action; Assumption of the Defense</U>. Promptly after receipt by any person referred to in Section 1, 2 or 5 above in
this Article of notice of the commencement of any action, suit or proceeding in respect of which indemnification or advancement of expenses
may be sought under any such Section, such person (the &ldquo;Indemnitee&rdquo;) shall notify the Corporation thereof. The Corporation
shall be entitled to participate in the defense of any such action, suit or proceeding and, to the extent that it may wish, except in
the case of a criminal action or proceeding, to assume the defense thereof with counsel chosen by it. If the Corporation shall have notified
the Indemnitee of its election so to assume the defense, it shall be a condition of any further obligation of the Corporation under such
Sections to indemnify the Indemnitee with respect to such action, suit or proceeding that the Indemnitee shall have provided an undertaking
in writing to repay all legal or other costs and expenses subsequently incurred by the Corporation in conducting such defense if it shall
ultimately be determined that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified in respect of the costs and expenses of such action, suit
or proceeding by the Corporation as authorized by this Article. Notwithstanding anything in this Article to the contrary, after the Corporation
shall have notified the Indemnitee of its election so to assume the defense, the Corporation shall not be liable under such Sections
for any legal or other costs or expenses subsequently incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with the defense of such action, suit
or proceeding, unless (a) the parties thereto include both (i) the Corporation and the Indemnitee, or (ii) the Indemnitee and other persons
who may be entitled to seek indemnification or advancement of expenses under any such Section and with respect to whom the Corporation
shall have elected to assume the defense, and (b) the counsel chosen by the Corporation to conduct the defense shall have determined,
in their sole discretion, that, under applicable standards of professional conduct, a conflict of interest exists that would prevent
them from representing both (i) the Corporation and the Indemnitee, or (ii) the Indemnitee and such other persons, as the case may be,
in which case the Indemnitee may retain separate counsel at the expense of the Corporation to the extent provided in such Sections and
Section 3 above in this Article.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
7. <U>Indemnification Not Exclusive</U>. The provision of indemnification to or the advancement of expenses and costs to any person under
this Article, or the entitlement of any person to indemnification or advancement of expenses and costs under this Article, shall not
limit or restrict in any way the power of the Corporation to indemnify or advance expenses and costs to such person in any other way
permitted by law or be deemed exclusive of, or invalidate, any right to which any person seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses
and costs may be entitled under any law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in
such person&rsquo;s capacity as an officer, director, employee or agent of the Corporation or a Subsidiary Officer of an Associated Entity
and as to action in any other capacity.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
8. <U>Corporate Obligations; Reliance</U>. The provisions of Sections 1, 2, 4(a) and 5(a) above of this Article shall be deemed to create
a binding obligation on the part of the Corporation to the directors, officers, employees and agents of the Corporation, and the persons
who are serving at the request of the Corporation as Subsidiary Officers of Associated Entities, on the effective date of this Article
and persons thereafter elected as directors and officers or retained as employees or agents, or serving at the request of the Corporation
as Subsidiary Officers of Associated Entities (including persons who served as directors, officers, employees and agents, or served at
the request of the Corporation as Subsidiary Officers of Associated Entities, on or after such date but who are no longer so serving
at the time they present claims for advancement of expenses or indemnity), and such persons in acting in their capacities as directors,
officers, employees or agents of the Corporation, or serving at the request of the Corporation as Subsidiary Officers of any Associated
Entity, shall be entitled to rely on such provisions of this Article.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
9. <U>Further Changes</U>. Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Article, nor the adoption of any provision of the Certificate of
Incorporation inconsistent with this Article, shall eliminate or reduce the effect of such provisions in respect of any act or omission
or any matter occurring prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption of an inconsistent provision regardless of when any cause of action,
suit or claim relating to any such matter accrued or matured or was commenced, and such provision shall continue to have effect in respect
of such act, omission or matter as if such provision had not been so amended or repealed or if a provision inconsistent therewith had
not been so adopted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
10. <U>Successors</U>. The right, if any, of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is
or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a Subsidiary Officer of an Associated Entity, to indemnification or advancement of
expenses under Sections 1 through 9 above in this Article shall continue after he shall have ceased to be a director, officer, employee
or agent or a Subsidiary Officer of an Associated Entity and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, distributees, executors, administrators
and other legal representatives of such person.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
11. <U>Insurance</U>. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer,
employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a Subsidiary Officer of any Associated
Entity, against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person&rsquo;s
status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions
of this Article or applicable law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
12. <U>Definitions of Certain Terms</U>. For purposes of this Article, references to &ldquo;fines&rdquo; shall include any excise taxes
assessed on a person with respect to any employee benefit plan; references to &ldquo;serving at the request of the Corporation&rdquo;
shall include any service as a director, officer employee or agent of the Corporation or as a Subsidiary Officer of any Associated Entity
which service imposes duties on, or involves services by, such person with respect to any employee benefit plan, its participants, or
beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants
and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner &ldquo;not opposed to the best interests of the
Corporation&rdquo; as referred to in this Article.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
VIII</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">GENERAL</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
1. <U>Fiscal Year</U>. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be such date as shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors
from time to time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
2. <U>Corporate Seal</U>. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and
the words &ldquo;Corporate Seal, Delaware.&rdquo; The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed
or reproduced or otherwise upon any paper, certificate or document.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
3. <U>Disbursements</U>. All checks, drafts or demands for money out of the funds of the Corporation and all notes and other evidences
of indebtedness of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the Board of Directors
may from time to time designate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
4. <U>Amendments</U>. These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed, in whole or in part, or new By-Laws may be adopted by the stockholders
or by the Board of Directors at any meeting thereof; <I>provided, however</I>, that notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption
of new By-Laws shall be contained in the notice of such meeting of stockholders or in a notice of such meeting of the Board of Directors,
as the case may be. Unless a higher percentage is required by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation as to any matter which is the
subject of these By-Laws, all such amendments must be approved by either the affirmative vote of holders of shares of capital stock issued
and outstanding entitled to vote thereon representing at least a majority of the votes and entitled to be cast thereon or by a majority
of the entire Board of Directors then in office; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that any amendments to these Bylaws that was approved
by the stockholders may not be altered, amended or repealed without the affirmative vote of the holders of shares of capital stock issued
and outstanding and entitled to vote thereon representing at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast thereupon.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
5. <U>Forum for Adjudication of Disputes</U>. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, any
state court within the state of Delaware that has jurisdiction (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction,
the federal district court for the District of Delaware) shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum
for (1)&nbsp;any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (2)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim of breach
of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation&rsquo;s
stockholders, (3)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim pursuant to any provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware
or the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws (in each case, as they may be amended from time to time), and (4)&nbsp;any action
asserting a claim against the Corporation or any director or officer or other employee of the Corporation governed by the internal affairs
doctrine. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation
shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 5. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the exclusive forum
selection provision set forth in this Section 5 shall not apply to any actions brought under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
6. <U>Definitions</U>. As used in this Article and in these By-Laws generally, the term &ldquo;entire Board of Directors&rdquo; means
the total number of directors which the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.9
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>ex4-9.htm
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
4.9</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>FORM
OF PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SHUTTLE
PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant
    Shares: _______ </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Issue
    Date: ______, 2025</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Initial
    Exercise Date: _______, 2025</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">THIS
PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (the &ldquo;<U>Warrant</U>&rdquo;) certifies that, for value received, _____________ or its
assigns (the &ldquo;<U>Holder</U>&rdquo;) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter
set forth, at any time on or after the date set forth above (the &ldquo;<U>Initial Exercise Date</U>&rdquo;) and until this Warrant is
exercised in full (the &ldquo;<U>Termination Date</U>&rdquo;) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Shuttle Pharmaceuticals
Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), up to ______ shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the
&ldquo;<U>Warrant Shares</U>&rdquo;) of Common Stock (as defined herein). The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this
Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section
1</U>. <U>Definitions</U>. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated
in this Section 1.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Affiliate</U>&rdquo;
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Bid
Price</U>&rdquo; means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock
is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date)
on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (&ldquo;<U>Bloomberg</U>&rdquo;)
(based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if the OTCQB Venture Market (&ldquo;<U>OTCQB</U>&rdquo;)
or the OTCQX Best Market (&ldquo;<U>OTCQX</U>&rdquo;) is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock
for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed on or quoted
for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market (&ldquo;<U>Pink Market</U>&rdquo;)
(or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common
Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser
selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company,
the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Board
of Directors</U>&rdquo; means the board of directors of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 1in; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Business
Day</U>&rdquo; means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized
or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required
by law to remain closed due to &ldquo;stay at home&rdquo;, &ldquo;shelter-in-place&rdquo;, &ldquo;non-essential employee&rdquo; or any
other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so
long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are
open for use by customers on such day.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Commission</U>&rdquo;
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Common
Stock</U>&rdquo; means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.00001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such
securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Common
Stock Equivalents</U>&rdquo; means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire
at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is
at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Exchange
Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;</I><U>Person</U>&rdquo;
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability
company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Registration
Statement</U>&rdquo; means the Company&rsquo;s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-284889).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Securities
Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Subsidiary</U>&rdquo;
means the subsidiaries of the Company set forth on <U>Exhibit 21</U> to the Registration Statement and shall, where applicable, also
include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>&ldquo;Trading
Day</U>&rdquo; means a day on which the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed is open for trading.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Trading
Market</U>&rdquo; means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date
in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York
Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Transfer
Agent</U>&rdquo; means VStock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 18 Lafayette Place,
Woodmere, NY 11598, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Underwriting
Agreement</U>&rdquo; means the underwriting agreement, dated as of March _________, 2025, among the Company and WestPark Capital, Inc.
as representative of the underwriters named therein, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>VWAP</U>&rdquo;
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date)
on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m.
(New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price
of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then
listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Market (or a similar
organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported,
or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good
faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and
expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Warrants</U>&rdquo;
means this Pre-Funded Warrant and other Common Stock purchase warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section
2</U>. <U>Exercise</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)
<U>Exercise of Warrant</U>. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may
be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery
to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto
(the &ldquo;<U>Notice of Exercise</U>&rdquo;). Within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising
the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver
the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier&rsquo;s
check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable
Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee
or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. The Company shall have no obligation to inquire with respect to or otherwise
confirm the authenticity of the signature(s) contained on any Notice of Exercise nor the authority of the person executing such Notice
of Exercise. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to
the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and this Warrant has been exercised in full,
in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which
the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the
total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable
hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records
showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice
of Exercise within one (1) Trading Day of receipt of such notice. <B>The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge
and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the
number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof. For
the avoidance of doubt, there is no circumstance that would require the Company to net cash settle this Warrant.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)
<U>Exercise Price</U>. The aggregate exercise price of this Warrant, except for a nominal exercise price of $0.001 per Warrant Share,
was pre-funded to the Company on or prior to the Initial Exercise Date and, consequently, no additional consideration (other than the
nominal exercise price of $0.001 per Warrant Share) shall be required to be paid by the Holder to the Company to effect any exercise
of this Warrant. The Holder shall not be entitled to the return or refund of all, or any portion, of such pre-paid aggregate exercise
price under any circumstance or for any reason whatsoever, including in the event this Warrant shall not have been exercised prior to
the Termination Date. The remaining unpaid exercise price per Warrant Share under this Warrant shall be $0.001, subject to adjustment
hereunder (the &ldquo;<U>Exercise Price</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)
<U>Cashless Exercise</U>. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, this Warrant may be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time
by means of a &ldquo;cashless exercise&rdquo; in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the
quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(A)
    = </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">as
    applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of
    Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed
    and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; (as defined
    in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder,
    either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of
    the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg as of the time of the Holder&rsquo;s execution of the applicable
    Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on a Trading Day and is delivered
    within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on a Trading
    Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice
    of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the
    close of &ldquo;regular trading hours&rdquo; on such Trading Day;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(B)
    = </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    Exercise Price, as adjusted hereunder; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(X)
    = </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such
    exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the
Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of this Warrant. The Company agrees not to take any position
contrary to this Section 2(c), except to the extent required by applicable law, rules or regulations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">d)
<U>Mechanics of Exercise</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.
<U>Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</U>. Subject to Section 2(e), the Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder
to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder&rsquo;s or its designee&rsquo;s balance
account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (&ldquo;<U>DWAC</U>&rdquo;) if the Company
is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant
Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B) this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by
physical delivery of a certificate representing the Warrant Shares to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise or
by book-entry, registered in the Company&rsquo;s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant
Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise by the date that is the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day after the
delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (assuming the aggregate Exercise Price has been delivered to the Company, whether or
in cash or by cashless exercise), (ii) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company, and (iii) the
number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date,
the &ldquo;<U>Warrant Share Delivery Date</U>&rdquo;). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate
purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective
of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless
exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement
Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares
subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages
and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of
the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the third Trading Day after the Warrant
Share Delivery Date) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds
such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent (which may be the Transfer Agent) that is a participant in the FAST program
so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, &ldquo;<U>Standard Settlement Period</U>&rdquo; means the
standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company&rsquo;s primary Trading Market with respect to the
Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s)
of Exercise delivered on or prior to 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date, which may be delivered at any time
after the time of execution of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver, or cause to be delivered, the Warrant Shares
subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date and the Initial Exercise Date shall be the Warrant
Share Delivery Date for purposes hereunder, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless
exercise) is received by such Warrant Share Delivery Date. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and
agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number
of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time will be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.
<U>Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise</U>. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of
a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant
evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in
all other respects be identical with this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii.
<U>Rescission Rights</U>. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section
2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise by delivering written notice
to the Company at any time prior to the delivery of such Warrant Shares (in which case any liquidated damages payable under Section 2(d)(i)
shall no longer be payable).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iv.
<U>Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</U>. In addition to any other rights available to
the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions
of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date (other than any such failure that is solely
due to any action or inaction by the Holder with respect to such exercise), and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker
to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder&rsquo;s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock
to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a
&ldquo;<U>Buy-In</U>&rdquo;), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder&rsquo;s
total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the Warrant Shares so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by
multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at
issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the
Holder, either reinstate the portion of this Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored
(in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have
been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases
shares of Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of Warrant Shares
with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence
the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable
to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit
a Holder&rsquo;s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree
of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company&rsquo;s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock
upon exercise of this Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">v.
<U>No Fractional Shares or Scrip</U>. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise
of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company
shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied
by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share of Common Stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">vi.
<U>Charges, Taxes and Expenses</U>. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax
or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company,
and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, that in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when
surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may
require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company
shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company
(or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">vii.
<U>Closing of Books</U>. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise
of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e)
<U>Holder&rsquo;s Exercise Limitations</U>. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the
right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance
after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with (i) the Holder&rsquo;s Affiliates, (ii) any
other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder&rsquo;s Affiliates, and (iii) any other Persons whose beneficial
ownership of Common Stock would be aggregated with the Holder&rsquo;s for the purposes of determination of beneficial ownership pursuant
to Section 13(d) and Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act (such Persons, &ldquo;<U>Attribution Parties</U>&rdquo;)), would beneficially own
in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of
Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of Warrant Shares issuable
upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of Warrant Shares
which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or
any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other
securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or
exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties.
Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance
with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that
the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder
is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in
this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder
together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion
of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder&rsquo;s determination of whether this Warrant
is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which
portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation
to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination and shall have no liability for exercises of this Warrant that are not in compliance
with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, except to the extent the Holder has detrimentally relied on the number of outstanding shares
of Common Stock that was provided in writing by the Company. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above
shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and the
Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination and shall have no liability for exercises of
this Warrant that are not in compliance with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, except to the extent the Holder relies on the number
of outstanding shares of Common Stock that was provided by the Company. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number
of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the
Company&rsquo;s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement
by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common
Stock outstanding. Upon the written request of a Holder, the Company shall within two (2) Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to
the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall
be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or
its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The
&ldquo;<U>Beneficial Ownership Limitation</U>&rdquo; shall be 4.99% (or, upon election by a Holder prior to the issuance of any Warrants,
9.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Warrant Shares issuable
upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions
of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock
outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Warrant Shares upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the
provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until
the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall not be construed and implemented in
a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which
may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements
necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor
holder of this Warrant. To the extent that this Warrant is unexercisable as a result of the Holder&rsquo;s Beneficial Ownership Limitation,
no alternate consideration is owing to the Holder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section
3</U>. <U>Certain Adjustments</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)
<U>Stock Dividends and Splits</U>. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise
makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares
of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any Warrant Shares issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant),
(ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock
split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of the Common
Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the
numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event
and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of
shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant
shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for
the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the
effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)
<U>Subsequent Rights Offerings</U>. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time while this Warrant
is outstanding the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or
other property pro rata to all of the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the &ldquo;<U>Purchase Rights</U>&rdquo;),
then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the
Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant
(without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately
before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the
date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights
(<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that to the extent that the Holder&rsquo;s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result
in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right
to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase
Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the
Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)
<U>Pro Rata Distributions</U>. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or
other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to all of the holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return
of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way
of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a &ldquo;<U>Distribution</U>&rdquo;),
at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution
to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable
upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial
Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the
date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (<U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, that to the extent that the Holder&rsquo;s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding
the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in
the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution
shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder
exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">d)
<U>Fundamental Transaction</U>. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or
more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person in which the Company is not
the surviving entity, (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or
other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company&rsquo;s assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct
or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which
holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted
by the holders of greater than 50% of the outstanding Common Stock or greater than 50% of the voting power of the common equity of the
Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or
recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into
or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions
consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization,
spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires greater
than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or greater than 50% of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each
a &ldquo;<U>Fundamental Transaction</U>&rdquo;), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right
to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental
Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number
of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional
consideration (the &ldquo;<U>Alternate Consideration</U>&rdquo;) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of
the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without
regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the
Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration
issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price
among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration.
If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then
the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such
Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor
(the &ldquo;<U>Successor Entity</U>&rdquo;) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant in accordance
with the provisions of this Section 3(d) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder prior
to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security
of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable
for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common
Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior
to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock
(but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such
shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic
value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in
form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall be succeed and
be substituted for (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of
this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents (as defined in the Underwriting Agreement) referring to the &ldquo;Company&rdquo; shall
refer instead to each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity
or Successor Entities, jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company and the Successor Entity
or Successor Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents (as defined
in the Underwriting Agreement) with the same effect as if such Successor Entity or Successor Entities had been named as the Company herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e)
<U>Calculations</U>. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the
case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date
shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">f)
<U>Notice to Holder</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.
<U>Adjustment to Exercise Price</U>. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company
shall promptly deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment
to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment; provided, however, that the
Company may satisfy this notice requirement in this Section 3(f) by filing such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report
on Form 8-K, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Annual Report on Form 10-K.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii.
<U>Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder</U>. If, while this Warrant is outstanding (A) the Company declares a dividend (or any other distribution
in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company declares a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common
Stock, (C) the Company authorizes the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any
shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company is required in connection
with a Fundamental Transaction, or (E) the Company authorizes the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of
the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its last email address
as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least three calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective
date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution,
redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to
be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification,
consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected
that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other
property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to
deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to
be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information
regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a
Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such
notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein; and provided,
further, that no notice shall be required if the information is disseminated in a press release or a document filed with the Commission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">g)
<U>Par Value</U>. Notwithstanding anything in this Warrant to the contrary, no adjustment shall be made to the Exercise Price to the
extent such adjustment would reduce the Exercise Price below the then-current par value of the Warrant Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section
4</U>. <U>Transfer of Warrant</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)
<U>Transferability</U>. Subject to compliance with applicable securities law, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without
limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of
the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly
executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer.
Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the
assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall
issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled.
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company
unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three
(3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. This Warrant,
if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new
Warrant issued.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)
<U>New Warrants</U>. Subject to compliance with applicable securities law, this Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants
upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations
in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to
any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in
exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges
shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant
Shares issuable pursuant thereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)
<U>Warrant Register</U>. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the
&ldquo;<U>Warrant Register</U>&rdquo;), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the
registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder,
and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Section
5</U>. <U>Miscellaneous</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a)
<U>No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash</U>. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights,
dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly
set forth in Section 3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a &ldquo;cashless exercise&rdquo; pursuant
to Section 2(c) or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) or Section 2(d)(iv) herein, in no event shall the Company be
required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b)
<U>Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant</U>. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably
satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares,
and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of this Warrant,
shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the
Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant
or stock certificate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c)
<U>Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc</U>. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required
or granted herein shall not be a Trading Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Trading
Day.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">d)
<U>Authorized Shares</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company covenants that, during the period this Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock
a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant.
The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with
the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all
such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any
applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants
that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise
of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly
issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof
(other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending
its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale
of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant,
but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary
or appropriate to protect the rights of the Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment (it being understood that this Warrant
shall not in any case prevent the Company from effecting any such amendment, reorganization, transfer, consolidation, merger, dissolution,
issuance or sale). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares
above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may
be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon
the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents
from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under
this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Before
taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the
Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from
any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e)
Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed
by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts
of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions
contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereof or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders,
partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York.
Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York,
Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby
or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is
not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient
venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any
such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery)
to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient
service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any
other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant,
the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys&rsquo;
fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">f)
<U>Restrictions</U>. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered and
the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">g)
<U>Nonwaiver and Expenses</U>. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of the Holder
shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder&rsquo;s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other
provision of this Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in
any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses
including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in
collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">h)
<U>Notices</U>. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without
limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight
courier service, addressed to the Company, at, Attention: Chief Executive Officer, email address: anatoly.dritschilo@shuttlepharma.org,
or such other email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or
other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or
sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing
on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest
of (i) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section
prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication
is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New
York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized
overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. To the extent that any
notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company
shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i)
<U>Limitation of Liability</U>. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant
to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of
the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company
or by creditors of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">j)
<U>Remedies</U>. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will
be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate
compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to
assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">k)
<U>Successors and Assigns</U>. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall
inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns
of the Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and
shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">l)
<U>Amendment</U>. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, on
the one hand, and the Holder, on the other hand.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">m)
<U>Severability</U>. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid
under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall
be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining
provisions of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">n)
<U>Headings</U>. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed
a part of this Warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">********************</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(Signature
Page Follows)</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above
indicated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SHUTTLE
    PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:
    </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Anatoly
    Dritschilo, M.D</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chairman
    of the Board and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NOTICE
OF EXERCISE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">TO:
<B>SHUTTLE PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)
The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only
if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 1in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)
Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify">&#9744;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">in
lawful money of the United States; or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify">&#9744;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">if
permitted, the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection
2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure
set forth in subsection 2(c).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)
Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">_______________________________</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">_______________________________</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">_______________________________</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">_______________________________</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[SIGNATURE
OF HOLDER]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name
of Investing Entity: ________________________________________________________________________</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Signature
of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity</I>: _________________________________________________</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name
of Authorized Signatory: ___________________________________________________________________</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title
of Authorized Signatory: ____________________________________________________________________</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
________________________________________________________________________________________</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ASSIGNMENT
FORM</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(To
assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to exercise the Warrant to purchase
Warrant Shares.)</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent: 0.25in; text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">FOR
VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Please
    Print)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Please
    Print)</FONT></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Phone
    Number:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Email
    Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated:
    _______________ __, ______</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holder&rsquo;s
    Signature: </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holder&rsquo;s
    Address: </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ex5-1.htm
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
5.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center; color: Red"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><IMG SRC="ex5-1_001.jpg" ALT="Z:\2025 OPERATIONS\EDGAR\02 FEBRUARY\Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc\02-21-2025\Form S-1A\Draft"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March
4, 2025</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shuttle
Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">401
Professional Drive, Suite 260</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gaithersburg,
MD 20879</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Re:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Registration
    Statement on Form S-1</U></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ladies
and Gentlemen:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have acted as counsel to Shuttle Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), in connection with
its filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Commission&rdquo;) of a registration statement on Form S-1 (Registration
No. 333-284889, as amended or supplemented from time to time, the &ldquo;Registration Statement&rdquo;), relating to the public underwritten
offering by the Company of (i) up to 10,000,000 shares (the &ldquo;Shares&rdquo;) of common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the
&ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;), (ii) up to 10,000,000 pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 10,000,000 shares of Common Stock, exercisable
for $0.001 per share (the &ldquo;Pre-Funded Warrants&rdquo;), and (iii) up to 10,000,000 shares of Common Stock underlying the Pre-Funded
Warrants (the &ldquo;Pre-Funded Warrant Shares,&rdquo; collectively with the Shares and the Pre-Funded Warrants, referred to as the &ldquo;Securities&rdquo;).
The Securities are to be sold by the Company pursuant to that certain underwriting agreement (the &ldquo;Underwriting Agreement&rdquo;)
to be entered into by and between the Company and the underwriter named therein. As noted in the Registration Statement, for each Pre-Funded
Warrant sold, the number of Shares sold will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
opinion letter is furnished to you at your request to enable you to fulfill the requirements, in connection with the Registration Statement,
of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the Commission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have examined such documents and have reviewed such questions of law as we consider necessary or appropriate for the purposes of our
opinions set forth below. In rendering our opinions set forth below, we have assumed the authenticity of all documents submitted to us
as originals, the genuineness of all signatures and the conformity to authentic originals of all documents submitted to us as copies.
We have also assumed the legal capacity for all purposes relevant hereto of all natural persons. As to questions of fact material to
our opinions, we have relied upon certificates or comparable documents of officers and other representatives of the Company and of public
officials.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
on the foregoing, we are of the opinion that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    Pre-Funded Warrants have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Provided
    that the Pre-Funded Warrants have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and duly delivered to the purchasers thereof against
    payment of the consideration therefor, the Pre-Funded Warrants, when issued and sold pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement,
    will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    Pre-Funded Warrant Shares initially issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants have been duly authorized by all necessary
    corporate action on the part of the Company and when issued by the Company against payment therefor in accordance with their terms,
    will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
opinions expressed above are subject to the following exceptions, limitations and qualifications:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;Our
opinions set forth in paragraph 3 above are subject to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium
or similar law relating to or affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally (including, without limitation, fraudulent conveyance laws).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;Our
opinions set forth in paragraph 3 above are subject to the effect of general principles of equity, including, without limitation, concepts
of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing and the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief,
regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;Our
opinions set forth in paragraph 3 above are subject to limitations regarding the availability of indemnification and contribution where
such indemnification or contribution may be limited by applicable law or the application of principles of public policy.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)&nbsp;We
express no opinion as to the enforceability of (i)&nbsp;provisions that relate to choice of law, forum selection or submission to jurisdiction
(including, without limitation, any express or implied waiver of any objection to venue in any court or of any objection that a court
is an inconvenient forum) to the extent that the validity, binding effect or enforceability of any such provision is to be determined
by any court other than a state court of the State of New York, (ii)&nbsp;waivers by the Company of any statutory or constitutional rights
or remedies, (iii)&nbsp;terms which excuse any person or entity from liability for, or require the Company to indemnify such person or
entity against, such person&rsquo;s or entity&rsquo;s negligence or willful misconduct or (iv)&nbsp;obligations to pay any prepayment
premium, default interest rate, early termination fee or other form of liquidated damages, if the payment of such premium, interest rate,
fee or damages may be construed as unreasonable in relation to actual damages or disproportionate to actual damages suffered as a result
of such prepayment, default or termination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)&nbsp;We
draw your attention to the fact that, under certain circumstances, the enforceability of terms to the effect that provisions may not
be waived or modified except in writing may be limited.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, and to the reference to our firm under the
heading &ldquo;Legal Matters&rdquo; in the prospectus constituting part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do
not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and
regulations of the Commission thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
assume no obligation to update or supplement any of the opinion set forth herein to reflect any changes of law or fact that may occur
following the date hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Very
    truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    Dorsey &amp; Whitney LLP</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dorsey
&amp; Whitney LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">MJP/AWE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>ex23-1.htm
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit
23.1</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
consent to the incorporation by reference in this Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-284889) of Shuttle
Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), of our report dated February 26, 2025, with respect to the consolidated financial
statements of the Company, included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Our report contains an explanatory
paragraph describing conditions that raise substantial doubt about the Company&rsquo;s ability to continue as a going concern as described
in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the caption &ldquo;Experts&rdquo;
in this registration statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
Forvis Mazars, LLP</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Atlanta,
Georgia</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>March
4, 2025</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
